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Additional file 1.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Characterization of TFRC gene expression in cells obtained from different sources. a The expression levels of TFRC in bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells isolated from AML patients or healthy donors (GSE197907, n=3). *p

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious threat to human health, and its underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. Aldolase A (ALDOA) has received increasing attention for its reported association with multiple cancers, but the role and mechanisms of ALDOA in CRC are still unclear. In the current study, high expression levels and enzymatic activity of ALDOA were detected in CRC tissues and cell lines, indicating the clinical significance of ALDOA in human CRC. In addition, silencing ALDOA significantly impaired the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometry analysis identified the binding protein COPS6 of ALDOA. Furthermore, the promoting effects of upregulated ALDOA on CRC cell proliferation and metastasis were inhibited by COPS6 depletion, demonstrating COPS6 was required for ALDOA in mediating CRC progress. Moreover, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and MAPK signaling pathway were found to be activated by ALDOA overexpression as well. In summary, our findings suggested that ALDOA facilitated the proliferation and metastasis of CRC by binding and regulating COPS6, inducing EMT, and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The present study provided evidence for ALDOA as a promising potential biomarker for CRC.

Several novel semiaromatic poly(ether urethane) thermoplastic elastomers were synthesized through a nonisocyanate route. The nonisocyanate thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (NI-TPUEs) were prepared via a transurethane polycondensation of bis(hydroxyethyl) hexanediurethane with bis(4-hydroxybutyl) terephthalate and poly(tetramethylene glycol)s under a reduced pressure of 3 mmHg at 170°C. The NI-TPUEs were fully characterized. The influence of hard segment (HS) contents on thermal and mechanical properties was studied. Gel permeation chromatography characterization demonstrated that high molecular weight of NI-TPUEs was obtained. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and thermal characterization verified that NI-TPUEs were crystallizable and had a relatively high melting point. Atomic force microscopy exhibited microphase separation between the crystallized HSs and amorphous phases. High content of HSs and flexible poly(tetramethylene ether) soft segments leads to good crystallization, excellent mechanical property, and good resilience of NI-TPUEs.

To facilate breeding process of Brassica napus, a microspore culture and molecular marker-assisted screening combined system were proposed in this research. At early flowering stage, F1 offspring of hybridized combination HY15A×HF06 was used as donor for microspore culture to analyze effects of colchicine concentration on embryogenic and diploid rates of microspore. Treatment with 50 mg/L colchicine resulted in embryogenic rate of 3.56 embryos/bud, which was substantially higher than control (0.78 embryos/bud). A total of 1387 embryos were obtained and 862 single plants were obtained after induction culture. Ploidy detection was performed for the regenerated plants by flow cytometry. Diploid rates of microspores treated with 50 mg/L and 70 mg/L colchicine were 17.2% and 21.0% respectively, which was significantly higher than control (10.5%). A total of 108 single plants that doubled successfully were randomly selected and screened using molecular marker BE10. Approximately 54 of 108 plants generated a 305 bp amplification product, whereas the other 54 plants showed a 398 bp band, thereby satisfying 1:1 separation ratio (x20.05=0.0093). These results coincided with field identification results. Findings of this study indicated that homozygous breeding material could be obtained by microspore culture in a short time, thereby remarkably accelerate the breeding.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. CKTTD ICI genes: GO and KEGG pathways.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. Characteristics of affiliated hospital for malignant melanoma patients.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of malignant melanoma patients.

A kinetic approach was adopted to analyze the reaction mechanism of elemental mercury (Hg0) oxidation by HCl over three Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts, MnOx/TiO2, Fe-MnOx/TiO2 and CeMnO3. Experimental results validated that Hg0 oxidation efficiencies of the catalysts were promoted by HCl at different temperatures. The kinetic models for the heterogeneous Hg0 oxidation were established and verified based on the experimental data. The verification results demonstrated that Hg0 oxidation over the Mn-based catalysts follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The kinetic parameters of reaction rate constant and HCl adsorption constant were calculated from the model fitting equations. The reaction rate constant was raised with the increase of temperature, while the HCl adsorption constant presented the opposite trend. The Mn-based catalysts with the reaction rate constant of 84.17–335.77 s−1 showed the advantage over some other catalysts such as commercial V2O5-(WO3)/TiO2 and CeO2/TiO2. The kinetic parameters were further improved in the presence of O2. The apparent activation energy for Hg0 oxidation over the catalysts that was derived from the kinetic parameters was 4.13–12.53 kJ/mol, which was much lower than that of the other approaches. The advantageous kinetic parameters and apparent activation energy were favorable for the Mn-based catalysts to act as low-temperature SCR catalyst for synergistic Hg0 removal. The kinetic study results were of fundamental significance for designing the reactor according to the known flue gas conditions, used catalyst and required Hg0 oxidation efficiency., This research was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52106169), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2021QE031), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M690097), the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion (No. FSKLCCA2205), Taishan Scholars (No. ts201712003), the Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao, and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (No. 2020GN008).

Background Brassica napus is the third leading source of edible oil in the world. Genic male sterility (GMS) lines provide crucial material for harnessing heterosis for rapeseed. GMS lines have been used successfully for rapeseed hybrid production in China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in various plant growth, development, and stress response processes. However, reports on miRNAs that regulate the pollen development of GMS lines in B. napus are few. Results In this study, 12 small RNA and transcriptome libraries were constructed and sequenced for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two recessive GMS (RGMS) lines, namely, “6251AB” and “6284AB”. At the same time, 12 small RNA and transcriptome libraries were also constructed and sequenced for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two dominant GMS (DGMS) lines, namely, “4001AB” and “4006AB”. Based on the results, 46 known miRNAs, 27 novel miRNAs on the other arm of known pre-miRNAs, and 44 new conserved miRNAs were identified. Thirty-five pairs of novel miRNA-3p/miRNA-5p were found. Among all the identified miRNAs, fifteen differentially expressed miRNAs with over 1.5-fold change between flower buds of sterile and fertile lines were identified, including six differentially expressed miRNAs between “4001A” and “4001B”, two differentially expressed miRNAs between “4006A” and “4006B”, four differentially expressed miRNAs between “6251A” and “6251B”, and ten differentially expressed miRNAs between “6284A” and “6284B”. The correlation analysis of small RNA and transcriptome sequencing was conducted. And 257 candidate target genes were predicted for the 15 differentially expressed miRNAs. The results of 5′ modified RACE indicated that BnaA09g48720D, BnaA09g11120D, and BnaCnng51960D were cleaved by bna-miR398a-3p, bna-miR158-3p and bna-miR159a, respectively. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR159 was chosen to analyze its function. Overexpression of bna-miR159 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased seed setting rate, and shortened siliques, illustrating that miR159 may regulate the fertility and silique development in rapeseed. Conclusions Our findings provide an overview of miRNAs that are potentially involved in GMS and pollen development. New information on miRNAs and their related target genes are provided to exploit the GMS mechanism and reveal the miRNA networks in B. napus.

Introduction. Distinct from other diseases, as cancer progresses, both the symptoms and treatments evolve, resulting in a complex, time-dependent relationship. Many competing risk factors influence the outcome of cancer. An improved method was used to evaluate the data from 6 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trials combined in our center since 2016 to deal with the bias caused by competing risk factors. Material and Methods. Data of 118 lung cancer patients were collected from 2016 to 2020. Fine and Gray’s model for competing risk was used to evaluate survival of different treatment group compares with the classic survival analysis model. Results. Immunotherapy had better progression-free survival than chemotherapy. (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95, p = 0.0260 ). However, there were no significant differences in patients who withdrew due to treatment-related adverse events from different groups. ( Z = 0.0508 , p = 0.8217 ). The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in our study did not significantly improve overall survival compared with chemotherapy (HR:0.77, 95% CI:0.48-1.24, p = 0.2812 ), estimated 1-year overall survival rates were 55% and 46%, and 3-year overall survival rates were 17% and 10%, respectively. Conclusion. When the outcome caused by competing risk exists, the corresponding competing risk model method should be adopted to eliminate the bias caused by the classic survival analysis.

Elemental mercury (Hg0) is a highly hazardous pollutant of coal combustion. The low-temperature SCR catalyst of MnOx/TiO2 can efficiently remove Hg0 in coal-burning flue gas. Considering its sulfur sensitivity, the effect of SO3 on the catalytic efficiency of MnOx/TiO2 and Fe modified MnOx/TiO2 for Hg0 removal was investigated comprehensively for the first time. Characterizations of Hg-TPD and XPS were conducted to explore the catalytic mechanisms of Hg0 removal processes under different conditions. Hg0 removal efficiency of MnOx/TiO2 was inhibited irreversibly from 92% to approximately 60% with the addition of 50 ppm SO3 at 150 ℃, which resulted from the transformation of Mn4+ and chemisorbed oxygen to MnSO4. The existence of H2O would intensify the inhibitory effect. The inhibition almost disappeared and even converted to promotion as the temperature increased to 250 ℃ and above. Fe modification on MnOx/TiO2 improved the Hg0 removal performance in the presence of SO3. The addition of SO3 caused only a slight inhibition of 1.9% on Hg0 removal efficiency of Fe modified MnOx/TiO2 in simulated coal-fired flue gas, and the efficiency maintained good stability during a 12 h experimental period. This work would be conducive to the future application of MnOx/TiO2 for synergistic Hg0 removal., This research was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52106169), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2021QE031), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M690097), the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion (No. FSKLCCA2205), Taishan Scholars (No. ts201712003), the Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao, and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (No. 2020GN008)

Additional file 2: Figure S1. The secondary structures of new conserved miRNAs and novel miRNAs identified in Brassica napus.

In the current failure analysis of rail vehicles, the aging of electrical components, the reduction of reliability and various direct and indirect failures caused by temperature rise account for a very high proportion. They have the characteristics of complex effects, hidden and changeable, unobvious initial phenomena, slow accumulation and development, which makes failure analysis and diagnosis very difficult. In order to meet the needs of in-depth research and systematic testing of the temperature rise characteristics and related effects of various electrical components used in vehicle systems, a set of low resistance circuit temperature rise test system is developed. This paper introduces the working principle, system composition and functions of the test system. The test system is technologically advanced, reliable, safe, easy to operate and flexible. It is of great significance for the temperature rise and temperature control of electrical components in the actual working environment and conditions of vehicles.

To explore the low temperature germination characteristics of rapeseed, 8 main cultivars were selected for germination experiments in incubators at 20℃, 16℃, 12℃ and 8℃, respectively, to measure and analyze the germination potential, germination rate, root length, bud length, etc. The results showed that there was significant difference in the germination potential of tested rapeseeds at temperatures. And the low temperature of 8℃ was significantly reduced the germination potential. With the decrease of germination temperature, the growth of roots and buds were inhibited significantly. There were significant differences both in temperatures and varieties. The germination potential, root length and bud length could be used as the main index to evaluate seed germination of rapeseed under low temperature. In addition, to screen varieties suitable for spring sowing as green manure, the spring sowing test was carried out. The study found that the fresh grass yield of “Huyouzao No.1” was 1712.53 kg/m 2 , which was much higher than other 7 varieties. Its relative root length was second only to “Huyou17” and its relative bud length next to “Huyoufei No.1” at 8℃, respectively. The results can provide a reference for early spring sowing of rapeseed as green manure.

In order to locate candidate genes related to flowering time, and to provide a basis for genetic improvement and flowering time of Brassica campestris , a natural population composed of 110 B. campestris was used as research materials. Flowering investigation and resequencing were performed on them. The high-quality SNP set obtained by resequencing was used for population evolutionary tree analysis, principal component analysis, population genetic structure analysis and a genome-wide association analysis. The observation results showed there were wide differences in flowering time between different types of B. campestris . The results of population structure analysis showed that 110 materials could be divided into two subgroups. The distribution within each phylogenetic tree was relatively concentrated, and the distribution between different subgroups was closely related to the geographical origin of the material. Genome-wide association analysis revealed that the average LD of the whole B. campestris attenuated LD was 19 kb, and 4 signal sites significantly associated with the flowering schedule type were obtained. Functional annotation was performed on related genes in a certain region upstream and downstream of the physical location of the four associated candidate sites, and 9 candidate transcripts related to flowering time were screened. Further analysis revealed that 9 transcripts contained a total of 4 candidate genes, which were homologous genes of Arabidopsis LOL1 , CAT5 and FAD8 . The results of this study could provide some theoretical basis and clues for obtaining candidate genes related to flowering time of B. campestris and using them to regulate flowering and genetic improvement.

Background: Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are detected as different distributions of DNA samples of distinct types of cancer patients. Even though, it is an exacting task to select the appropriate method to identify cancer to the greatest extent of SNVs. Results: In this paper, we proposed a biomarker concept based on SNV patterns in different feature dimensions. Raw dataset (2761 samples) consisting of twelve different cancers was obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). After preliminary screening of 562,321 DNA mutation sites in the samples, the mutation sites were extracted and characterized by cancer types in six different SNV feature dimensions. In this study, we found that the extracted features showed similar distribution in the cluster center of the disease type of the samples. After the initial processing of the raw data, the sample was more focused on the subtype distribution of the cancer or the cancer at the SNV level. We used k-nearest neighbors (KNN) to classify the extracted features and Leave-One-Out cross verified them. The accuracy of classifying is stable at around 97% and reached 97.43% at the highest. During the validation phase, we found validated oncogenes in the loci of the features with the highest importance among nine cancers. Conclusions: In summary, the samples showed consistent patterns according to the cancer in which it belongs. It is feasible to classify the cancer of the sample by the distribution of different dimensions of the SNVs and has a high accuracy. And has potential implications for the discovery of cancer-causing genes.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop with a huge genome. This study used next generation sequencing technology to develop SSR markers in rapeseed. A total of 213,876 sequence reads were obtained in 58.8 Mb. For these reads, 21,523 SSRs were recovered from 18,575 microsatellites sequences and 8,964 SSR primer pairs were identified. Di- and mono-nucleotides were the most abundant, accounting for 47.5% and 30.7% of all SSRs, respectively. A total of 8,776 SSRs were designed from contigs and 100 SSR primers were tested for validation of SSR locus amplification. Nearly all (94%) of the markers were found to produce clear amplicons and to be reproducible. For these markers, forty-three SSRs showed polymorphic bands in eight rapeseed accessions. Thirty-four SSRs were then applied to 78 rapeseed accessions from China to evaluate the genetic diversity. Result showed that the allele number varied from two to seven, with a mean value of 3.59. The effective allele number of ranged from 1.14 to 3.25, with an average of 2.09. The average values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The Nei’s gene diversity varied from 0.12 to 0.69, with a mean value of 0.48. Resulting of the markers testing showed that the identified genome-wide SSRs were useful in rapeseed genetic studies, including genetic diversity, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection for breeding.

A simple non-isocyanate route synthesizing crystallizable aliphatic segmented thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)s (PEIUs) and elastomers with high melting temperature ( Tm) and good mechanical properties is described. Three poly(ethylene hexanediurethane) prepolymers (PrePEHDUs) were prepared through the self-transurethane polycondensation of bis(hydroxyethyl) hexanediurethane. Melt polycondensation of PrePEHDUs, poly(ethylene glycol)1500, and bis(hydroxyethyl) isophoronediurethane was conducted at 170°C under a reduced pressure of 399 Pa, and a series of segmented PEIUs containing irregular units were synthesized. The PEIUs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 13carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C-NMR), 2D 13C–1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT)-135 13C-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and tensile tests. The PEIUs exhibited a number-average molecular weight up to 20700 g/mol, Tm up to 141.1°C, initial decomposition temperature at over 243.1°C, and tensile strength up to 49.44 MPa. By tuning the length and amount of crystallizable segments, crystallizable PEIU thermoplastic elastomers were prepared. They exhibited tensile strength up to 20.85 MPa, elongation at break above 125.43%, and resilience above 65.69%.

Objective: Next-generation sequencing data has been widely used for DNA variant discovery and tumor study through computational tools. Effective simulation of such data with many realistic features is very necessary for testing existing tools and guiding the development of new tools. Methods: We present an integrated simulation system, IntSIM, to simulate common DNA variants and to generate sequencing reads for mixture genomes. IntSIM has three novel features in comparison with other simulation programs: 1) it is able to simulate both germline and somatic variants in the same sequence, 2) it deals with tumor purity so as to generate reads corresponding to heterogeneous genomes and also produce tumor-normal matched samples, and 3) it simulates correlations among SNPs, among CNVs/CNAs based on HMM models trained from real sequencing genomes, and can simulates broad and focal CNV/CNA events. Results: The simulation data of IntSIM can reflect characteristics observed from real data and are consistent with input parameters. The IntSIM software package is freely available at http://intsim.sourceforge.net/ . Conclusion: Based on a great number of experiments, IntSIM performs better than other program for some scenarios, such as simulation of heterozygous SNPs, CNVs/CNAs, and can achieve some functions that other programs cannot achieve. Significance: Simulation with IntSIM can be expected to evaluate performance of methods in detecting various types of variants, analyzing tumor samples, and especially providing a realistic assessment of effect of tumor purity on identification of somatic mutations.

High molecular weight aliphatic segmented poly(ether ester amide)s(PEEAs) were synthesized via melt polycondensation and chain extension. An oligomeric polyamide(PA) terminated mainly with ―COOH groups(HOOC―PA―COOH) was prepared from the reaction of nylon 610 salt with sebacic acid. Melt polycondensation of HOOC―PA―COOH with polyethylene glycol(PEG), such as PEG400, PEG600, PEG1000 and PEG1500, was conducted at 200 °C, and several segmented PEEA prepolymers(PrePEEAs) were prepared. Chain extension of PrePEEAs was carried out at 190 °C using 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)-bis(2-oxazoline) and adipoyl biscaprolactamate as combination chain extenders. Chain extended PEEAs(ExtPEEAs) were characterized by gel permeation chromatography( GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer(FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), wide angle X-ray scattering(WAXS), thermogravimetry analysis(TGA), and tensile test. The ExtPEEAs exhibited M n up to 98700, T m from 164.2 °C to 176.1 °C, initial decomposition temperature above 320.6 °C, tensile strength up to 34.80 MPa, and strain at break from 111.92% to 353.12%. Aliphatic segmented PEEAs with good thermal and mechanical properties were prepared.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the combined detection of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by Luminex multiplexed assays for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Preoperative levels of serum VEGF and MMP-9 were detected via a lipid chip-based method in 301 breast cancer cases, 83 breast fibroadenoma cases and 40 healthy adults. Postoperative levels of VEGF and MMP-9 were also detected in 118 breast cancer cases. The levels of serum VEGF and MMP-9 in patients with breast infiltrative ductal carcinoma (IDC) were higher than those in the breast fibroadenoma and healthy control groups (P0.05). The levels of VEGF and MMP-9 were shown to correlate with the clinical stage, tumor size and the lymph node metastasis status. However, the levels were not associated with age or gender (P>0.05). In addition, the serum level of MMP-9 exhibited a significantly correlation with the VEGF level (r=0.601, P

This study aims to evaluate the radiosensitization effect of nedaplatin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines with different Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status. Human NPC cell lines CNE-2 (EBV-negative) and C666 (EBV-positive) were treated with 0–100 μg/mL nedaplatin, and inhibitory effects on cell viability and IC50were calculated by MTS assay. We assessed changes in radiosensitivity of cells by MTS and colony formation assays, and detected the apoptosis index and changes in cell cycle by flow cytometry. MTS assay showed that nedaplatin caused significant cytotoxicity in CNE-2 and C666 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 24 h, nedaplatin inhibited growth of CNE-2 and C666 cells with IC50values of 34.32 and 63.69 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with radiation alone, nedaplatin enhanced the radiation effect on both cell lines. Nedaplatin markedly increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Nedaplatin radiosensitized human NPC cells CNE-2 and C666, with a significantly greater effect on the former. The mechanisms of radiosensitization include induction of apoptosis and enhancement of cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.

Hazardous trace element emissions have caused serious harm to human health in China. Several typical high-toxic trace element coals were collected from different districts and were used to investigate the emission characteristics of toxic trace elements (As, Se, Cr, Hg) and to explore preliminary control methods. Coal combustion tests were conducted in several bench-scale furnaces including drop tube furnace (DTF), circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion furnace, and fixed-bed combustion furnace. Calcium oxide was used to control the emission of arsenic and selenium. The granular activated carbons (AC) and activated-carbon fibers (ACF) were used to remove mercury in the flue gas from coal combustion. The chemical composition and trace element contents of ash and particulate matter (PM) were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), respectively. The speciation and concentration of mercury were investigated using the Ontario-Hydro method. X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) was used to determine the mineral composition of production during combustion experiments. With the addition of a calcium-based sorbent, arsenic concentration in PM1 sharply decreased from 0.25–0.11 mg/m3. In fixed-bed combustion of coal, the retention rates of selenium volatiles were between 11.6% and 50.7% using lime. In the circulating fluidized-bed combustion of coal, the content of selenium in ash from the chimney was reduced to one-fourth of its original value and that in leaching water from the chimney decreased by two orders of magnitude using lime. Calcium-based sorbent is an effective additive to control the emission of As and Se during coal combustion. The emission of chromium is influenced by the occurrence mode of Cr in coal. Chromium emission in PM2.5 during coal combustion is 55.5 and 34.7 μg/m3 for Shenbei coal and mixed Pingdingshan coal, respectively. The adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon for Hg0 is significantly enhanced through ZnCl2-impregnation. The activated carbon fibers showed decent efficiency in mercury adsorption, on which surface oxygen complex showed positive effects on mercury adsorption.

The facility for the analysis of chemical thermodynamics method (F*A*C*T) based on the Gibbs energy minimization principle, was used to characterize the evaporation of mineral elements of coal in O 2 /CO 2 recycle combustion. The effects of atmosphere and temperature on the speciation of mineral species were discussed. The results show that Na(K)Cl(g), FeO(g), and SiO(g) are the dominant gaseous species of the mineral elements. The dominant species of mineral elements in flue gases depend on both the combustion conditions (reducing or oxidizing) and the atmosphere. In O 2 /CO 2 mixture combustion, the evaporation rate of mineral elements is much lower than that in air combustion, especially under reducing atmosphere. The total evaporation of mineral elements in O 2 /CO 2 atmosphere and air combustion under reducing conditions is 4.46% and 9.65% respectively, up to the temperature of 2400 K. The calculation values are consistent with the experiment values. The decrease in the mineral element evaporation is helpful to suppress the tendency to form fine particle matter and the tendency of initial ash deposition.

It has been previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are important for the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study was designed to detect the serum levels of VEGF and MMP-9 in NSCLC, and to explore their diagnostic and prognostic values. A total of 543 cases were involved, of which 332 were NSCLC (272 cases in the pretreatment group and 60 cases in the postoperative group), 91 were patients with benign lung diseases and 120 were healthy controls. The serum levels of VEGF and MMP-9 were determined by Luminex multiplex technology. The serum levels of VEGF and MMP-9 were found to be significantly higher in the pretreatment group than those in the patients with benign lung diseases and healthy controls (VEGF, P0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the serum levels of VEGF and MMP-9 (r=0.159; P=0.009). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the diagnostic value of MMP-9 was higher than that of VEGF in the pretreatment group. The log-rank test indicated that the inoperable NSCLC patients with low levels of VEGF exhibited a significantly longer overall survival time than those with high VEGF levels (P

研究科: 千葉大学大学院医学薬学府, 学位:千大院医薬博甲第薬142号, 修了年:2011年

Based on the garment brands randomly selected in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Henan, Jiangsu, and Hubei, this paper learns about the basic information of the garment brand channel manager through the manager himself, store manager, and the company’s other staff. Making use of telephone, Email, interviews, networking online contact and other data collection methods, understanding the survey questionnaires about the channel manager’s gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, working years, salary, and treatment, sorting out the role information of the channel manager in the current domestic leisure garment market, and representing the data in charts, this paper is aimed to provide some referential information for clothing brand enterprises while they choose their channel manager.

The monte carlo method was used to simulate chemical agglomeration of sub-micron particle which based on the flocculation model of the water processing, the influence of different agglomeration solution volume on sub-micron particle agglomeration was investigated. Simulation results show that the growth of particle mean diameter and the decrease of particle number are fast at the initial stage of agglomeration, and the speed of them increase with agglomeration solution volume increasing. After achieving stability, as a whole, the particle mean diameter is almost in proportion to agglomeration solution volume. At the last stage of agglomeration, particle number follows a similar bimodal distribution, which is varying with different agglomeration solution volumes. When agglomeration solution volume is 2 ml/min, the peak value of diameter is the biggest.

Enrichment of typical toxic trace elements As on PM2.5 was investigated through bench scale experiments. Results showed that the vaporization of arsenic in pyrite was easier than in arsenate form. Along with increasing temperature from 1100°C to 1400°C, arsenic content in PM2.5 increased from 0.09 mg/Nm3 to 0.35 mg/Nm3. Then, a novel Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) combined with chemical agglomeration technique was developed to control the emission of PM2.5 and toxic trace elements. PM2.5 enriched toxic trace elements are agglomerated by some new chemical agents injected as an aqueous solution upstream of ESPs and come into being conglomerations which can be captured by ESPs easily. Systematic experiments of PM2.5 agglomeration showed that chemical agglomeration was a useful method to promote growing up process of submicron particles, XTG was the most effective agglomerant. Resistivity tests revealed that agglomerants could make fly ash resistivity two orders lower at certain concentration, would improve the performance of ESPs with resistivity related performance problems.

Affinity propagation clustering (AP) has two limitations: it is hard to know what value of parameter 'preference' can yield an optimal clustering solution, and oscillations cannot be eliminated automatically if occur. The adaptive AP method is proposed to overcome these limitations, including adaptive scanning of preferences to search space of the number of clusters for finding the optimal clustering solution, adaptive adjustment of damping factors to eliminate oscillations, and adaptive escaping from oscillations when the damping adjustment technique fails. Experimental results on simulated and real data sets show that the adaptive AP is effective and can outperform AP in quality of clustering results., Comment: an English version of original paper

The Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 simulated dataset was designed 1) To test the ability to find genes related to a complex disease (such as alcoholism). Such a disease may be given a variety of definitions by different investigators, have associated endophenotypes that are common in the general population, and is likely to be not one disease but a heterogeneous collection of clinically similar, but genetically distinct, entities. 2) To observe the effect on genetic analysis and gene discovery of a complex set of gene × gene interactions. 3) To allow comparison of microsatellite vs. large-scale single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. 4) To allow testing of association to identify the disease gene and the effect of moderate marker × marker linkage disequilibrium. 5) To observe the effect of different ascertainment/disease definition schemes on the analysis. Data was distributed in two forms. Data distributed to participants contained about 1,000 SNPs and 400 microsatellite markers. Internet-obtainable data consisted of a finer 10,000 SNP map, which also contained data on controls. While disease characteristics and parameters were constant, four "studies" used varying ascertainment schemes based on differing beliefs about disease characteristics. One of the studies contained multiplex two- and three-generation pedigrees with at least four affected members. The simulated disease was a psychiatric condition with many associated behaviors (endophenotypes), almost all of which were genetic in origin. The underlying disease model contained four major genes and two modifier genes. The four major genes interacted with each other to produce three different phenotypes, which were themselves heterogeneous. The population parameters were calibrated so that the major genes could be discovered by linkage analysis in most datasets. The association evidence was more difficult to calibrate but was designed to find statistically significant association in 50% of datasets. We also simulated some marker × marker linkage disequilibrium around some of the genes and also in areas without disease genes. We tried two different methods to simulate the linkage disequilibrium.

Electrochromism relates to the persistent and reversible variation in optical properties of materials driven by externally applied potentials. The changed optical transmittance in visible region brings about a different color of these materials, which are so-call electrochromic materials. Electrochromic devices (ECDs), in which electrochromic materials serve as the core layers, are composed of multiple layers and are capable of performing electrochromic behaviors. Due to their unique controllable optical properties, ECDs have promising applications in smart windows, information displays, rear-view mirrors, thermal control on the surface of spacecrafts, etc. This dissertation made investigations on the electrochromic properties, particularly cyclic properties, optical memory, electrochromic degradation, etc. of anodically coloring nickel oxide (NiOx) thin films and inorganic all-solid-state ECDs, and explored the feasibility of Al-doped ZnO coatings prepared by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technique. The PhD work is divided into four sections, and there are three parts included in results and discussion: In the first part, we focused on the revelation of the electrolyte-relevant cyclic properties, crystalline effect, electrochemical process and degradation mechanism of anodically coloring NiOx thin films. Firstly, NiOx thin films were cycled in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, i.e. 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution and 1 M lithium perchlorate dissolved in propylene carbonate (LiClO4-PC). The evolution of the lattice structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, optical transmittance modulation, cyclic voltammograms, inserted and extracted charge capacities of NiOx thin films was evaluated as a function of the cycle number. Results showed that, in 1 M LiClO4-PC, NiOx thin films presented a better cyclic durability and a stable optical modulation approximating 41%. Secondly, in order to analyze the crystalline effect on the electrochromic properties of NiOx thin films cycled in the Li+-ion electrolyte, different substrate temperatures were set to control the crystallinity of NiOx thin films. The study presented that the enhanced crystallinity tends to decrease the optical modulation of electrochromic NiOx thin films, and that preferred orientation also was a significant factor determining their electrochromic properties. Thirdly, we proposed a new concept “in-situ electrochromic efficiency” to reveal the electrochemical origin of NiOx thin film cycled in the Li+-ion electrolyte, and to decipher the dependence of degradation on its electrochemical process. Analyses indicated that it was the oxidation of Ni2+ to Ni4+ rather than Ni3+ to Ni4+ that corresponded to the additional peaks in the coloring process, which was more reconcilable with experimental results. Besides, the irreversible reduction reaction of Ni4+ to Ni3+ was proposed to explain the activation procedure of electrochromic behavior of NiOx. The Li+-ion trapping and the variation of band structure were regarded as the major factors leading to the electrochromic degradation of NiOx thin films. The second part was devoted to studying their charge-transfer kinetics, and to improving the optical memory and cyclic properties of inorganic all-solid-state complementary ECDs. The first part paid attention to improve the optical memory of inorganic all-solid-state complementary ECD via incorporating two Ta2O5 buffer layers as electron-blocking layers, and to study its cyclic properties versus cycle number. A new seven-layer complementary ECD-2 (ITO/NiOx/Ta2O5/LiNbO3/Ta2O5/WO3/ITO) was designed and prepared by magnetron sputtering. Another ECD-1 with a typically five-layer structure (ITO/NiOx/LiNbO3/WO3/ITO) was prepared for comparison. The analysis unambiguously revealed the negative effect of electronic leakage on the electrochromic properties of ECD-1 and indicated the excellent electron-blocking capacity of Ta2O5 layers in ECD-2. Besides, we demonstrated the cyclic properties of the ECD-2, including the evolutions of its CV cycles versus cycle number and coloration efficiency. The study on deteriorating response characteristic of ECD-2 with a stable optical modulation brought a further insight into the degradation of ECDs. Then, we studied the potential dependence of dynamic behaviors of inorganic all-solid-state ECDs. The correlations of charge-transfer imbalance, optical modulation, response characteristic, and optical memory with potential were unraveled. The third part involved the preparation of Al-doped ZnO coatings using atmospheric pressure DBD technique. The effects of different synthesis parameters and annealing post-treatment on the chemical composition and physical topography of coatings were studied. The work demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing Al-doped ZnO coatings with atmospheric pressure DBD technique., L’électrochromisme consiste en une variation permanente et réversible des propriétés optiques des matériaux sous l’effet de l’application de potentiels externes. Les montages électrochromes (ou ECDs), dont le cœur est constitué des matériaux électrochrome, sont composés de multiples couches et sont capables de présenter cette propriété d’électrochromisme. Cette thèse de doctorat a étudié les propriétés électrochromes, telles que la cyclicité, l’effet de mémoire optique, la dégradation électrochrome, etc, de couches anodiques électrochromes constitués de films minces d’oxyde de nickel, et d’ECDs inorganiques entièrement solides. Nous avons aussi étudié la faisabilité de la synthèse de couches de ZnO dopé à l’aluminium par plasma atmosphérique, à l’aide d’une décharge à barrière diélectrique (DBD). Cette thèse est divisée en trois sections :Dans la première partie, nous étudions les comportements cycliques de films minces anodiques d’oxyde de nickel (NiOx), telles que la cristallinité, la dégradation et le processus électrochimique et de leurs relations avec l’électrolyte. Dans une première approche, les films de NiOx ont été étudiés en présence d’électrolytes aqueux et non aqueux. L’évolution de la structure cristalline, de la morphologie de surface, de la composition chimique, de la transmittance optique, des voltammétries cycliques, des capacités de charge entrantes et sortantes des films minces ont été étudiés en fonction du nombre de cycles. Ensuite, nous montrons qu’une plus grande cristallinité tends à décroître la modulation optique de films électrochromes de NiOx, et qu’une orientation préférentielle est un paramètre majeur déterminant leur propriétés électrochrome. Nous montrons également une efficacité électrochromique in situ qui révèle l’origine électrochimique des films minces de NiOx dans l’électrolyte Li+-ion, et nous montrons les dépendances de la dégradation sur les processus électrochimiques. Les analyses montrent que c’est l’oxydation du Ni2+ en Ni4+ plutôt que du Ni3+ en Ni4+ qui correspond aux pics additionnels dans le processus de coloration. De plus, un processus de réduction irréversible du Ni4+ en Ni3+ est proposé pour expliquer la procédure d’activation du comportement électrochrome du NiOx. L’incorporation de l’ion Li+ est considéré comme le facteur majeur de la dégradation électrochrome des films minces de NiOx.La deuxième section est dédié à l’amélioration de l’effet de mémoire optique d’ECDs solides entièrement inorganiques, à l’étude de la cinétique de transfert de charge, et à leurs propriétés cycliques. Nos résultats montrent de manière claire l’effet négatif des fuites électroniques sur les propriétés électrochrome du montage ECD-1 (ITO/NiOx/LiNbO3/WO3/ITO) et montrent une capacité de blocage électronique des couches de Ta2O5 dans ECD-2 (ITO/NiOx/ Ta2O5/LiNbO3/ Ta2O5/WO3/ ITO) remarquable. Nous avons également étudié la détérioration de la réponse caractéristique du montage ECD-2. Enfin nous avons étudié la dépendance dynamique des comportements des différents montages en fonction du potentiel. Des corrélations avec les transferts de charge, la modulation optique, la mémoire optique et la réponse caractéristique ont été établies.La troisième section a consisté à préparer des couches de ZnO et ZnO dopé Al par plasma atmosphérique, en utilisant une décharge à barrière diélectrique. Les effets des différents paramètres de synthèse et de recuit sur la composition chimique et la topographie des couches ont été étudiés. Ce travail a démontré la faisabilité de la synthèse de couches de ZnO dopé Al par une DBD opérant à pression atmosphérique., Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished