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In order to discuss thequot;entropy weight methodquot; for weighting various indicators in the comprehensive evaluation of Angelicae Sinensis Radix slices(ASR), the quality of ASR was comprehensively evaluated by entropy weight-based gray systematic theory and cluster analysis. In this study, the contents of ferulic acid, volatile oil, polysaccharide, alcohol extract, water extract, moisture, total ash and acid-insoluble ash in 44 batches of ASR from different sources were determined. The entropy weight method was used for objective weighting. With relative correlation(r_i) as a measure, a multi-index comprehensive evaluation model was constructed for the quality of ASR. The results showed that the relative correlation value of 44 batches of ASR ranged from 0.301 9 to 0.662 9. There were certain differences in the quality of ASR from different sources. The ASR S1-S8, traceable and standardized in processing techno-logy, showed a high relative correlation degree and high quality ranking, indicating that the implementation of systemic management of the production chain of Chinese herbal pieces was beneficial to the quality control of ASR. The quality evaluation results of 44 batches of ASR were consistent with those of traditional geo-authentic habitats for ASR and the mainstream varieties of ASR on market, and basically consistent with the results of cluster analysis. This study suggests that the gray systematic theory based on the entropy weighting method can be used for the quality evaluation of ASR. The objective weighting of the entropy weight method improves the reliability of the gray correlation method and the scientificity of ASR quality evaluation.

Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978 Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978: 5. Type species: Cereopsius marmoreus Pascoe, 1857, by original designation. Uraechoides Breuning, 1981: 73. Type species: Uraechoides vivesi Breuning, 1981, by original designation. syn. nov. Breuning (1978) removed Cereopsius marmoreus Pascoe, 1857 from Cereopsius Pascoe, 1862 based on the middle tibia having a fairly prominent dorsal groove and established Paracyriothasastes for this species. Breuning (1981) established Uraechoides for Uraechoides vivesi Breuning, 1981, and placed Uraechoides in the tribe Agniini (a junior synonym of Lamiini). After comparing photographs of the holotypes of these two species (Cereopsius marmoreus, Fig. 1 and Uraechoides vivesi, Figs 2���5), we consider these two species as identical. Thus Uraechoides Breuning, 1981 should be treated as a junior synonym of Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978. Distribution. Borneo, West Malaysia, Singapore., Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Zhao, Xin-Xia, Yan, Kai, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, Notes on the genus Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Lamiinae: Lamiini), pp. 142-146 in Zootaxa 4868 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4868.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4417449, {"references":["Pascoe, F. P. (1857) On new genera and species of Longicorn Coleoptera. Part II. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 2, 4 (3 - 4), 89 - 112. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 51009]","Breuning, S. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Lamiinae (Col. Cerambycidae) de la coll. Vives. Nouvelle Revue d' Entomologie, Paris, 11 (1), 73 - 75."]}

Paracyriothasastes marmoreus (Pascoe, 1857) (Figures 1���5) Cereopsius marmoreus Pascoe, 1857: 105 (type locality: ��� Malacca, Malaysia ���); Gemminger & Harold 1873: 3025 (catalogue); Aurivillius 1922: 114 (catalogue); Breuning 1943: 163; Breuning 1944: 355; Breuning 1949: 7; Breuning 1961: 350 (catalogue). Cereopsius mysticus Thomson, 1865: 556 (type locality: ��� Malaysia ���); Gemminger & Harold 1873: 3025 (catalogue); Aurivillius 1922: 114 (catalogue); Breuning 1944: 355; Breuning 1949: 7 (synonym). Uraechoides vivesi Breuning, 1981: 74 (type locality: ��� Cameron Highlands, Malaysia ���). syn. nov. As stated above, we observe that C. marmoreus (Fig. 1) and U. vivesi (Figs 2���5) are identical, we thus consider Uraechoides vivesi Breuning, 1981 as a junior synonym of Paracyriothasastes marmoreus (Pascoe, 1857). Type material examined. Cereopsius marmoreus Pascoe, 1857: holotype (BMNH), Malacca, Malaysia. Sex unknown. Examined from a photograph (Fig. 1). Uraechoides vivesi Breuning, 1981: holotype (CEV), ��� Uraechoides vivesi nov.��� printed on a rectangular white label in black ink, ���CAMERON HIGHLANDS, W. MALAYSIA, 2000 FT, ABOVE 3EA LEVEL ��� printed on a rectangular yellowish label in black ink, ��� Uraechoides vivesi mihi typ��� handwritten by Breuning and ���Breuning d��t.��� printed on a rectangular yellowish label in black ink, ��� TYPE ��� printed on a rectangular red label with black border in black ink. Male. Examined from four photographs (Figs 2���5). Distribution. Borneo, Malaysia (Malacca, Pahang), Singapore., Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Zhao, Xin-Xia, Yan, Kai, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, Notes on the genus Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Lamiinae: Lamiini), pp. 142-146 in Zootaxa 4868 (1) on pages 142-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4868.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4417449, {"references":["Pascoe, F. P. (1857) On new genera and species of Longicorn Coleoptera. Part II. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 2, 4 (3 - 4), 89 - 112. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 51009]","Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. (1873) Catalogus coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Munich, 10, 2989 - 3232. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 38704]","Aurivillius, C. (1922) Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. I. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 73. W. Junk & Schenkling, S., Berlin, 322 pp. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 38769]","Breuning, S. (1943) Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae). Douzieme tribu: Agniini Thomson. Novitates Entomologicae, 3 eme Supplement (89 - 106), 137 - 280.","Breuning, S. (1944) Etudes sur les Lamiaires (Coleop. Cerambycidae). Douzieme tribu: Agniini Thomson. Novitates Entomologicae, 3 eme Supplement (107 - 135), 281 - 512.","Breuning, S. (1949) Notes systematiques sur les Lamiaires (Coleoptera Cerambycidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 25 (38), 1 - 32.","Breuning, S. (1961) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde. Verlag des Museums G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, (5), 287 - 382.","Thomson, J. (1865) Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles qui seront decrites dans l'appendix du systema cerambycidarum. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 19, 541 - 578.","Breuning, S. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Lamiinae (Col. Cerambycidae) de la coll. Vives. Nouvelle Revue d' Entomologie, Paris, 11 (1), 73 - 75.","Hayashi, M., Nara, H. & Yu, S. - K. (1995) A new species of genus Uraechoides Breuning (1981) from Taiwan (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Chinese Journal of Entomology, Tao-Yuan, 15, 149 - 151."]}

Blepephaeus taomeiae (Hayashi, Nara & Yu, 1995) comb. nov. K��������+ (Figure 6) Uraechoides taomeiae Hayashi et al., 1995: 149 (type locality: ���Luen Din, Chiai, Taiwan, China ���); Chou 2008: 297, figs (male and female); L��bl & Smetana 2010: 288 (catalogue); Lin & Yang 2019: 324 (catalogue). As stated above, Uraechoides Breuning, 1981 is treated as a junior synonym of Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978, therefore, Uraechoides taomeiae Hayashi, Nara & Yu, 1995 should be treated in Paracyriothasastes. Paracyriothasastes can be distinguished from Blepephaeopsis by having the prothorax with lateral tubercles near the base (prothorax with lateral tubercles near the middle in Blepephaeopsis), elytron with an acute marginal angle at the apex (elytron with a weak marginal angle at the apex in Blepephaeopsis). Paracyriothasastes taomeiae (Hayashi, Nara & Yu, 1995) has characters of Blepephaeus, besides, examining the holotype photographs of U. taomeiae (Fig. 6), Blepephaeus fulvus (Pic, 1933) (Fig. 7) and B. nigrostigma Wang & Chiang, 1998 (Fig. 8), we found that U. taomeiae is extremely similar to Blepephaeus fulvus and B. nigrostigma in following characters: elytra densely covered with brown hairs forming four large maculae (an inverted triangular macula basally, a pair of arcuate maculae laterally and a sub-triangular macula apically), with a large X-shaped grayish white haired band among above four maculae, sparsely with sub-rounded small black haired maculae on above four maculae, prothorax with lateral tubercles near middle, marginal angles weak. We thus transfer U. taomeiae to the genus Blepephaeus Pascoe, 1866. Type material examined. Holotype (MSME), Luen Din, Chiai, Taiwan, China, 13 May 1991, Taomei Li leg. Male. Examined from a modified photograph (Fig. 6) from original paper of Hayashi et al. (1995). Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Zhao, Xin-Xia, Yan, Kai, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, Notes on the genus Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Lamiinae: Lamiini), pp. 142-146 in Zootaxa 4868 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4868.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4417449, {"references":["Hayashi, M., Nara, H. & Yu, S. - K. (1995) A new species of genus Uraechoides Breuning (1981) from Taiwan (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Chinese Journal of Entomology, Tao-Yuan, 15, 149 - 151.","Chou, W. I. (2008) The Atlas of Taiwanese Cerambycidae (second edition). Owl Publishing House, Taipei, 408 pp.","Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (2010) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 924 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260917","Lin, M. & Yang, X. (2019) Catalogue of Chinese Coleoptera. Vol. 9. Chrysomeloidea: Vesperidae, Disteniidae, Cerambycidae. Science Press, Beijing, 575 pp.","Breuning, S. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Lamiinae (Col. Cerambycidae) de la coll. Vives. Nouvelle Revue d' Entomologie, Paris, 11 (1), 73 - 75."]}

Blepephaeus taomeiae (Hayashi, Nara & Yu, 1995) comb. nov. KṞṱƛ+ (Figure 6) Uraechoides taomeiae Hayashi et al., 1995: 149 (type locality: “Luen Din, Chiai, Taiwan, China ”); Chou 2008: 297, figs (male and female); Löbl & Smetana 2010: 288 (catalogue); Lin & Yang 2019: 324 (catalogue). As stated above, Uraechoides Breuning, 1981 is treated as a junior synonym of Paracyriothasastes Breuning, 1978, therefore, Uraechoides taomeiae Hayashi, Nara & Yu, 1995 should be treated in Paracyriothasastes. Paracyriothasastes can be distinguished from Blepephaeopsis by having the prothorax with lateral tubercles near the base (prothorax with lateral tubercles near the middle in Blepephaeopsis), elytron with an acute marginal angle at the apex (elytron with a weak marginal angle at the apex in Blepephaeopsis). Paracyriothasastes taomeiae (Hayashi, Nara & Yu, 1995) has characters of Blepephaeus, besides, examining the holotype photographs of U. taomeiae (Fig. 6), Blepephaeus fulvus (Pic, 1933) (Fig. 7) and B. nigrostigma Wang & Chiang, 1998 (Fig. 8), we found that U. taomeiae is extremely similar to Blepephaeus fulvus and B. nigrostigma in following characters: elytra densely covered with brown hairs forming four large maculae (an inverted triangular macula basally, a pair of arcuate maculae laterally and a sub-triangular macula apically), with a large X-shaped grayish white haired band among above four maculae, sparsely with sub-rounded small black haired maculae on above four maculae, prothorax with lateral tubercles near middle, marginal angles weak. We thus transfer U. taomeiae to the genus Blepephaeus Pascoe, 1866. Type material examined. Holotype (MSME), Luen Din, Chiai, Taiwan, China, 13 May 1991, Taomei Li leg. Male. Examined from a modified photograph (Fig. 6) from original paper of Hayashi et al. (1995). Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893 ���ĦK+ Figures 1���26, 44 Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893: 385 (type locality: ���Mungphu, Sikkim, India ���); Aurivillius, 1922: 121 (Catalogue); Breuning, 1961: 341 (Catalogue); Rondon & Breuning, 1970: 445, fig. 30a; Hua, 1985: 190 (Catalogue); Chiang, 1986: 51; Hua, 2002: 222 (Catalogue); Hua et al., 2009: 104, pl. CIV, fig. 1189 (Misidentification); L��bl & Smetana, 2010: 284 (Catalogue); Xie et al., 2012: 4, figs 2, 5; Weigel et al., 2013: 119 (Catalogue), pl. 37e; Kariyanna et al., 2017: 164 (Catalogue); Lin & Yang, 2019 (Catalogue). Stegenagapanthia aureomaculata Chiang & Li, 1984: 97, 100, fig. 2 (type locality: ��� Changning, Yunnan, China ���). Redescription. Male. Body length: 10.0��� 13.2 mm, humeral width: 3.0���5.0 mm (22 individuals); one specimen (Figs 1���3, 7���8, 11���22), body length: 11.0 mm, humeral width: 3.5 mm. Body reddish brown, basal 1/3 of antennomere IV, antennomeres V���X (except for apex) and antennomere XI yellowish brown, antennomeres III���X dark brown apically; prothorax (except for dorsal apex), elytra (except for suture, apical 1/6 and periphery of the yellow setal marks), mesoventrite, sides of metaventrite and urosternites I���II black (Figs 1���3). Frons sparsely covered with short yellow and black setae (Fig. 7), antennal tubercles, scape (except ventrally), pedicel (except ventrally) and apical 3/5 of antennomere IV moderately with dense short black setae, antennomeres IV���X with several long black setae ventrally and with several short black setae apically; scape (ventrally), pedicel (except dorsum) and antennomere III with sparse short grayish white setae; basal 2/5 of antennomere IV with moderately dense short light-yellow setae (Figs 1���3). Each elytron with three irregular yellow setal spots on basal 1/3 close to suture and with sparse short light yellow setae at apex inside (Fig. 1). Prosternum and mesoventrite sparsely covered with short light-yellow setae, metaventrite sparsely covered with semi-erect brown setae (Fig. 2). Antennae 1.7 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.48, pedicel= 0.08, IV= 0.89, V= 0.61, VI= 0.53, VII= 0.52, VIII= 0.45, IX= 0.40, X= 0.34, XI= 0.42. Inner side of antennomeres VI���X triangularly processed near base (Figs 1���2). The raised portion on pronotum slightly notched posteriorly (Fig. 8). Elytra 2 times as long as wide at base. Hind wing with Cu vein connected with a short cross vein near the middle, MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins closed to each other, r4 vein connected with sr vein in the middle (Fig. 11). Urosternite V sub-truncate apically (Fig. 2). Male terminalia. Tergite VIII (Figs 12���13) sub-hexagonal, truncate apically. Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 2 times as long as branches (Figs 14���16), hook-like basally in lateral view (Fig. 15). Tegmen (Figs 17���19) shorter than penis, dorsum of parameres nearly glabrous, only covered with several short thick brown setae near apex; phallobase expanded near apical 1/3 and gradually tapered to base, then curved near the basal 1/ 6 in lateral view (Fig. 18). Dorsal struts of penis slightly curved and constricted near base in profile (Fig. 21). Female. Similar to male, except for body length: 11.0���16.0 mm, humeral width: 4.0��� 5.4 mm (11 individuals); one specimen (Figs 23���26), body length: 11.0 mm, humeral width: 4.0 mm. Antennae 1.3 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.59, pedicel= 0.11, IV= 0.84, V= 0.57, VI= 0.46, VII= 0.37, VIII= 0.32, IX= 0.27, X= 0.22, XI= 0.24. Elytra 2 times as long as wide at base. Hind wing with shorter CuA 2 vein, MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins far from each other, sr vein absent (Fig. 26). Urosternite V densely covered with brown setae apically, slightly depressed at apical half and notched apically (Fig. 25). Intraspecific variation. The variation occurs mainly in body color: males with head, antennae, elytra (suture, apical 1/6 and periphery of the yellow setal marks), metaventrite (middle), ventrites III���V, and legs reddish brown (Figs 1���3, 7) or yellowish brown (Figs 4���6, 9); prothorax black (Fig. 8) or reddish brown (Fig. 10). Females with pronotum reddish brown (Fig. 23) or dark reddish brown (Fig. 24), elytra reddish brown (Fig. 23) or black at basal half except periphery of the yellow setal marks (Fig. 24). In both sexes the amount and shape of yellow setal marks on elytra varies. Type material examined. Holotype: female (BMNH), Mungphu, Sikkim, India, E.F. Atkinson leg. Additional material examined. CHINA: Sichuan: 1 male (CJBH), Panzhihua, VI.2018, Ben-Fu Mou leg.; 1 male (IZCAS), Dechang, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 12.VI.1961, Ding-Xi Liao leg.; Xizang: 1 female (IZCAS), 20k, Motuo, Linzhi, 29.65788�� N, 95.48982�� E, alt. 2015 m, 6.VII.2012, Gan-Yan Yang leg.; 1 male and 1 female (IZCAS), Suotong, Guxiang, Bomi, Linzhi, 14.VIII.2012, Gan-Yan Yang leg.; Yunnan: Baoshan: 1 male (SWU), Changning, alt. 1800 m, 13.VI.1979, Changning Group leg.; Chuxiong: 1 female (SWU), Dayao, 16.VII.2012, Ji-Hui Liu leg.; Dali: 1 female (YAFG), Mt. Jizu, Binchuan, alt. 1860 m, 20.VI.1982, Xu Du leg., host plant: Alnus cremastogyne; Lincang: 1 male (SWU), Shili, Fengqing, alt. 2200 m, 11.VII.1980, Fu Zhang leg.; 1 male (SWU), Cangyuan, VII.2007, Gui-Yi Wu leg.; Puer: 1 male (CGQH), Meizi Lake Park, 21.V.2016, Lu Qiu Leg.; 1 female (IZCAS), Dean, 23.40762�� N, 101.15717�� E, alt. 1360���1400 m, 23.VII.2010, Wan-Gang Liu leg.; Xishuangbanna: 1 male (IZCAS), alt. 1700 m, Shu-Yong Wang leg.; 1 male (YZU), Mengsong, Menglong, Jing- hong, alt. 1600 m, 25.IV.1958, Hua-Han Cheng leg.; 2 males (IZCAS), Mengsong, Menglong, Jinghong, alt. 1600 m, 25.IV.1958, Xu-Wu Meng leg.; 1 male (IZCAS), Mengzhe, Menghai, Jinghong, alt. 1200 m, 15.VI.1958, Fu-Ji Pu leg.; 1 female (IZCAS), Mengsong, Menglong, Jinghong, alt. 1600 m, 25.IV.1958, Chun-Pei Hong leg.; 1 female (IZCAS), Mengzhe, Menghai, Jinghong, alt. 1700 m, 23.VI.1958, Shu-Yong Wang leg.; LAOS: Houaphan: 1 male and 1 female ( CXG ), Ban Saleui, Mt. Phu Phan, VI.2011, local collector leg.; 1 male ( CGC ), ditto, 7.V.2012, local collector leg.; 1 male (CST), ditto, V.2011, local collector leg.; 1 male (CSH), ditto, 1.V.2012, Xavier Gouverneur leg.; 1 male (CSH), VI.2017, local collector leg.; 1 male (CFV), ditto, 20��12' N, 103��59' E, 1���20.V.2014, S. Jakl leg.; Xiang Khuang: 1 male (CST), Maeng Ngan, V.2013, local collector leg.; 1 male (CGQH), Muang Phang, 5��� 15.V.2019, local collector leg.; 1 male (CSH), VI.2013, local collector leg.; VIETNAM: Y��n B��i: 1 male (CGQH), IV.2019, local collector leg.; L��o Cai: 1 male (CSH), Ban Khoang, Hoang Lien NP, 22��22.780' N, 103��47.640' E, alt. 2064 m, 15.V.2015, Andre Skale leg.; 1 male (CSH), Tram Ton, Hoang Lien NP, 22��21.197' N, 103��46.513' E, alt. 1800���2050 m, 13���16.V.2015, Andre Skale leg.; 1 female (CSH), Sapa, Ta Phin, 22��23.196' N, 103��48.701' E, alt. 2318 m, 26.VI���1.VII.2017, N.H. Binh leg.; Vĩnh Ph��c: 1 female (CSH), Tam Dao NP, VI.2016, J. Netusil leg. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), India (Sikkim), Laos (Houaphan, Xiang Khuang), and Vietnam (L��o Cai, Vĩnh Ph��c, Y��n B��i���New country record). Remarks. The gender of the holotype was originally unspecified, but it is clearly a female based on antennal length versus body length., Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, A review of the genus Paragnia Gahan, 1893 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini), pp. 159-170 in Zootaxa 4778 (1) on pages 161-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3823784, {"references":["Gahan, C. J. (1893) Descriptions of some new Longicorn Coleoptera from the Indian Region. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, (6), 11 (65), 377 - 390.","Aurivillius, C. (1922) Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. I. Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 73. Berlin, 322 pp.","Breuning, S. (1961) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde. Verlag des Museums G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, (5), 287 - 382.","Rondon, J. A. & Breuning, Sv. (1970) Lamiines du Laos. In: Gressitt, J. L., Rondon, J. A. & Breuning, Sv. (Eds.), Cerambycidbeetles of Laos (Longicornes du Laos). Pacific Insects Monograph 24. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, pp. 315 - 571.","Hua, L. - Z. (1985) New Records of Chinese Longicorn Beetles from Yunnan Province. Entomotaxonomia, 7 (3), 190.","Chiang, S. (1986) Correction for some misidentified species of Cerambycidae. J ournal of Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing, 3, 51.","Hua, L. - Z. (2002) List of Chinese Insects. Vol. II. Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University Press, Guangzhou, 612 pp.","Hua, L. - Z., Nara, H., Saemulson (misspelling of Samuelson), G. A. & Lingafelter, S. W. (2009) Iconography of Chinese Longicorn Beetles (1406 Species) in Color. Sun Yat-sen University Press, Guangzhou, xii, 474 pp.","Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (2010) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, pp. 84 - 334.","Xie, G. - L., Shi, F. - M. & Wang, W. - K. (2012) An unusual new species of Anoplophora Hope, 1839 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Guizhou, China. Far Eastern Entomologist, 248, 1 - 4.","Weigel, A., Meng, L. - Z. & Lin, M. - Y. (2013) Contribution to the Fauna of Longhorn Beetles in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve. Formosa Ecological Company, Taiwan, 219 pp.","Kariyanna, B., Mohan, M., Gupta, R. & Vitali, F. (2017) The checklist of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa, 4345 (1), 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4345.1.1","Lin, M. & Yang, X. (2019) Catalogue of Chinese Coleoptera. Vol. 9. Chrysomeloidea: Vesperidae, Disteniidae, Cerambycidae. Science Press, Beijing, 575 pp.","Chiang, S. & Li, L. (1984) Three new longicorn beetles from Yunnan, China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Entomotaxonomia, 6 (2 - 3), 97 - 101."]}

Paragnia Gahan, 1893 ���ĦK+�� Paragnia Gahan, 1893: 384; Aurivillius, 1922: 121; Breuning, 1961: 341; Rondon & Breuning, 1970: 445; L��bl & Smetana, 2010: 284; Kariyanna et al., 2017: 164; Lin & Yang, 2019. Type species: Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893. Describing Paragnia Gahan (1893) mentioned some important characteristics to identify the genus: apical cicatrix of antennal scape opened, antennomere III distinctly thickened, and mesoventral process with a feeble tubercle. With the description of a new Paragnia species, the genus needs to be redescribed. Redescription. Mandibles black at apical half and reddish-brown at base (Figs 7, 9, 30). Head covered with an oblique yellow setal band strating below lower eye lobes and extending to posterior genal base (Figs 7, 9, 30). Antennomere III (except for base) moderately covered with dense short black setae; antennomeres V���X (except for apex) and antennomere XI with moderately dense short light-yellow setae; antennomeres V���X with sparse shortblack setae at apex (Figs 1���6, 24���25, 27���29); antennomeres IV���XI with sparse semi-erect short brown setae. Prothorax with several erect long black setae dorsally and laterally. Elytra glossy and sparsely covered with semi-erect short black setae (each seta located in a sub-rounded puncture), dorsally with an oblique yellow setal band on the basal middle, a yellow setal mark (a band or several spots) on the basal 1/3 close to suture, and three irregular yellow setal spots from middle to apex: the first one located on center, the second located near the apical 1/4 and close to suture, and the third one located near the apical 1/8 and close to suture (Figs 1, 4, 24, 27); side of each elytron covered with a yellow setal band at base, an irregular yellow setal spot on the basal 1/4, and three irregular yellow setal spots from middle to apex: the first one located on center, the second located near the apical 1/4, and the third located near the apical 1/8 (Figs 3, 6, 29). Hind wings brown (Figs 11, 26, 32). Metaventrite, urosternites and legs sparsely covered with short grayish white setae (Figs 2, 5, 25, 28); urosternites with several semi-erect brown and black setae. Frons, genae and vertex strongly wrinkled and sparsely covered with rounded punctations; eyes coarsely faceted (Figs 1, 4, 7, 9, 24, 27, 30); antennal tubercles strongly raised and close to each other, with dense fine punctations (Figs 7, 9, 30); antennae longer than body, scape slightly flat and gradually expanded from base to apex, apical cicatrix of scape open (Figs 1, 4, 24, 27); antennomeres III���IV strongly thickened (except for base); antennomere III slightly curved towards inner side and more thickened than antennomere IV (Figs 1, 4, 24, 27); vertex densely covered with fine punctations behind the upper lobe of eyes, with sparse fine punctations on the middle and on apex. Prothorax sub-cylindrical, expanded at lateral middle; disc wrinkled and with sparse fine punctations, slightly raised near basal middle (Figs 8, 10, 31); prosternal process narrow and distinctly lower than procoxae (Figs 2, 5, 25, 28); procoxal cavities closed posteriorly and triangular externally. Scutellum lingulate and nearly glabrous. Elytra distinctly broader than prothorax basally, gradually tapered posteriorly and rounded apically; disc with coarse dense punctations on basal 2/3, punctations gradually sparser and smaller from base to apex (Figs 1, 4, 24, 27). Some veins of hind wings reduced, AA 3+4 and Cu fused at the apical 2/5; CuA 2, MP 4 and MP 3 dissociate, MP 4 longer than MP 3 and CuA 2, MP 3 longer than CuA 2; MP 3+4 short and dissociate; MS not reaching the margin (Figs 11, 26, 32). Mesoventral process longitudinally raised at center, midcoxal cavities open externally to mesepimeron. Femora fusiform, apex of hind femora distinctly not reaching the urosternite V (Figs 2, 5, 25, 28). Tarsi tetramerous. Male terminalia. Tergite VIII transverse, sparsely covered with short brown setae dorsally, with several slightly long dark brown setae apically, and a median longitudinal glabrous region; tergite VIII sparsely covered with short brown setae at sides ventrally and with moderately dense short brown setae and sparse long brown setae apically (Figs 12���13, 33���34). Venter of sternite VIII sparsely covered with short brown setae at middle sides, with a piece of longitudinally glabrous section in middle (Figs 13, 34). Parameres sparsely covered with short thick brown setae laterally and several long thick brown setae at apex, venter of parameres with short sparse fine brown setae, slightly dense at basal insides; both parameres unequal in length, gradually tapered from base to apex, closed to each other and rounded apically, bases of parameres separated and only connected through a membrane; both struts of the anterior tegminal strut separated and only connected through a membrane (Figs 17���19, 38���40). Penis strongly curved in lateral view; dorsal plate shorter than ventral plate and rounded apically; ventral plate wider than dorsal plate near apex and rounded apically; dorsal struts about 0.5 time as long as entire penis and rounded apically (Figs 20���22, 41���43). Diagnosis. When describing the genus, Gahan (1893) did not compared Paragnia with other genera. Rondon & Breuning (1970) provided a key to genera of Agniini (a junior synonym of Lamiini), including Paragnia and other 48 genera. Although many characters were provided for Paragnia in the key, we thought only three characters are reliable to identify the genus: apical cicatrix of scape open, antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomere IV, and pronotum without lateral spines. A very important characteristic to recognize the genus was not mentioned in the key, antennomeres III���IV strongly thickened. Paragnia is similar to Agniomorpha Breuning, 1935 (Lamiini) in body shape, color, genae with a pair of oblique yellow setal bands and elytra with yellow setal spots. Paragnia can be distinguished from Agniomorpha by antennomeres III���IV strongly thickened (not strongly in Agniomorpha) and prothorax without lateral tubercles (with lateral tubercles in Agniomorpha). Range. China, India, Laos, Vietnam (new country record)., Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, A review of the genus Paragnia Gahan, 1893 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini), pp. 159-170 in Zootaxa 4778 (1) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3823784, {"references":["Gahan, C. J. (1893) Descriptions of some new Longicorn Coleoptera from the Indian Region. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, (6), 11 (65), 377 - 390.","Aurivillius, C. (1922) Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. I. Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 73. Berlin, 322 pp.","Breuning, S. (1961) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde. Verlag des Museums G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, (5), 287 - 382.","Rondon, J. A. & Breuning, Sv. (1970) Lamiines du Laos. In: Gressitt, J. L., Rondon, J. A. & Breuning, Sv. (Eds.), Cerambycidbeetles of Laos (Longicornes du Laos). Pacific Insects Monograph 24. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, pp. 315 - 571.","Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (2010) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, pp. 84 - 334.","Kariyanna, B., Mohan, M., Gupta, R. & Vitali, F. (2017) The checklist of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa, 4345 (1), 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4345.1.1","Lin, M. & Yang, X. (2019) Catalogue of Chinese Coleoptera. Vol. 9. Chrysomeloidea: Vesperidae, Disteniidae, Cerambycidae. Science Press, Beijing, 575 pp."]}

Paragnia tiani Huang sp. nov. moeḦĦK+ Figures 27–44 Description. Male. Body length: 12.0 mm, humeral width: 4.5–5.0 mm (2 individuals); holotype (Figs 27–43), body length: 12.0 mm, humeral width: 5.0 mm. Body reddish brown, antennomeres V–X (except for apex) and antennomere XI yellowish brown; antennomeres III–X dark brown apically; prothorax (except for prosternum), most parts of elytra, sides of meso- and metaventrite and urosternite I (except for base) black; urosternites IV–V yellowish brown (Figs 27–29). Frons sparsely covered with short grayish-white and black setae (Fig. 30). Scape, pedicel and middle of antennomere XI sparsely covered with short black setae; apical half of antennomere IV with moderately dense short black setae, antennomeres IV–IX with several long black setae ventrally, scape, pedicel and base of antennomere III with sparse short grayish-white setae, basal half of antennomere IV with moderately dense short light-yellow setae (Figs 27–29). Prothorax with a yellow setal band at laterobasal half (Figs 27, 29). Each elytron with a longitudinal yellow setal band on the basal 1/3 close to the suture and an irregular yellow setal spot on inner margin of apex (Fig. 27). Prosternum and mesoventrite sparsely covered with short grayish-white setae (Fig. 28). Antennae 1.4 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.60, pedicel= 0.10, IV= 0.87, V= 0.53, VI= 0.47, VII= 0.40, VIII= 0.35, IX= 0.32, X= 0.28, XI= 0.38. Inner side of antennomeres V–IX slightly projected near base (Figs 27–28). Elytra 2 times as long as wide at base. MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins of hind wing far from each other (Fig. 32). Margin of urosternite V slightly notched medially (Fig. 28). Male terminalia. Tergite VIII (Figs 33–34) sub-semicircle, with a feebly triangular projection at apical middle. Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 2 times as long as branches (Figs 35–37), curved near basal 1/ 3 in lateral view (Fig. 36). Tegmen (Figs 38–40) shorter than penis, dorsum of parameres sparsely covered with short fine brown setae and several long thick brown setae near base and apex, phallobase expanded near the apical 1/3 and gradually tapered to base, then curved near the basal 1/ 3 in lateral view (Fig. 39), tegminal struts distinctly expanded towards inside near apex (Figs 38, 40). Venter of dorsal struts of penis distinctly constricted near apical 1/ 4 in lateral view (Fig. 42). Female. Unknown. Diagnosis. Males of this new species can be distinguished from Paragnia fulvomaculata by the prothorax with a yellow setal band on the laterobasal half (without yellow setal band in P. fulvomaculata); the long yellow setal bands on basal middle and basal margin of elytra (short in P. fulvomaculata); each elytron with a yellow setal band on the basal 1/3 close to suture (with several yellow setal spots in P. fulvomaculata), with a yellow setal spot on inner margin of apex (with sparse short light yellow hairs in P. fulvomaculata); antennae short (long in P. fulvomaculata), antennomeres III–IV thicker (thin in P. fulvomaculata); CuA 2 vein of hind wing short (long in P. fulvomaculata), the distance between MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins long (short in P. fulvomaculata), sr vein missing (with sr vein in P. fulvomaculata); ventrites slightly notched at apical middle (sub-truncated in P. fulvomaculata); tergite VIII with a feebly triangular projection at the apical middle (truncated in P. fulvomaculata); stem of spiculum gastrale narrow (wide in P. fulvomaculata), membrane connecting both parameres wide (narrow in P. fulvomaculata); tegminal struts distinctly expanded towards inside near apex (not expanded in P. fulvomaculata); venter of dorsal struts of penis distinctly constricted near apical 1/ 4 in lateral view (not constricted in P. fulvomaculata). Type material. Holotype: male (LPSNU), VIETNAM. Dak Lak, IV.2019, local collector leg. Paratype: 1 male (LPSNU), same data as the holotype, but III.2018. Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Prof. Ying-Zhou Tian (mLJNJ), former president of Liupanshui Normal University, for his generous supports to this study. Distribution. Only known from type locality of Dak Lak province, Vietnam., Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, A review of the genus Paragnia Gahan, 1893 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini), pp. 159-170 in Zootaxa 4778 (1) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3823784

Paragnia tiani Huang sp. nov. moeḦĦK+ Figures 27–44 Description. Male. Body length: 12.0 mm, humeral width: 4.5–5.0 mm (2 individuals); holotype (Figs 27–43), body length: 12.0 mm, humeral width: 5.0 mm. Body reddish brown, antennomeres V–X (except for apex) and antennomere XI yellowish brown; antennomeres III–X dark brown apically; prothorax (except for prosternum), most parts of elytra, sides of meso- and metaventrite and urosternite I (except for base) black; urosternites IV–V yellowish brown (Figs 27–29). Frons sparsely covered with short grayish-white and black setae (Fig. 30). Scape, pedicel and middle of antennomere XI sparsely covered with short black setae; apical half of antennomere IV with moderately dense short black setae, antennomeres IV–IX with several long black setae ventrally, scape, pedicel and base of antennomere III with sparse short grayish-white setae, basal half of antennomere IV with moderately dense short light-yellow setae (Figs 27–29). Prothorax with a yellow setal band at laterobasal half (Figs 27, 29). Each elytron with a longitudinal yellow setal band on the basal 1/3 close to the suture and an irregular yellow setal spot on inner margin of apex (Fig. 27). Prosternum and mesoventrite sparsely covered with short grayish-white setae (Fig. 28). Antennae 1.4 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.60, pedicel= 0.10, IV= 0.87, V= 0.53, VI= 0.47, VII= 0.40, VIII= 0.35, IX= 0.32, X= 0.28, XI= 0.38. Inner side of antennomeres V–IX slightly projected near base (Figs 27–28). Elytra 2 times as long as wide at base. MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins of hind wing far from each other (Fig. 32). Margin of urosternite V slightly notched medially (Fig. 28). Male terminalia. Tergite VIII (Figs 33–34) sub-semicircle, with a feebly triangular projection at apical middle. Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 2 times as long as branches (Figs 35–37), curved near basal 1/ 3 in lateral view (Fig. 36). Tegmen (Figs 38–40) shorter than penis, dorsum of parameres sparsely covered with short fine brown setae and several long thick brown setae near base and apex, phallobase expanded near the apical 1/3 and gradually tapered to base, then curved near the basal 1/ 3 in lateral view (Fig. 39), tegminal struts distinctly expanded towards inside near apex (Figs 38, 40). Venter of dorsal struts of penis distinctly constricted near apical 1/ 4 in lateral view (Fig. 42). Female. Unknown. Diagnosis. Males of this new species can be distinguished from Paragnia fulvomaculata by the prothorax with a yellow setal band on the laterobasal half (without yellow setal band in P. fulvomaculata); the long yellow setal bands on basal middle and basal margin of elytra (short in P. fulvomaculata); each elytron with a yellow setal band on the basal 1/3 close to suture (with several yellow setal spots in P. fulvomaculata), with a yellow setal spot on inner margin of apex (with sparse short light yellow hairs in P. fulvomaculata); antennae short (long in P. fulvomaculata), antennomeres III–IV thicker (thin in P. fulvomaculata); CuA 2 vein of hind wing short (long in P. fulvomaculata), the distance between MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins long (short in P. fulvomaculata), sr vein missing (with sr vein in P. fulvomaculata); ventrites slightly notched at apical middle (sub-truncated in P. fulvomaculata); tergite VIII with a feebly triangular projection at the apical middle (truncated in P. fulvomaculata); stem of spiculum gastrale narrow (wide in P. fulvomaculata), membrane connecting both parameres wide (narrow in P. fulvomaculata); tegminal struts distinctly expanded towards inside near apex (not expanded in P. fulvomaculata); venter of dorsal struts of penis distinctly constricted near apical 1/ 4 in lateral view (not constricted in P. fulvomaculata). Type material. Holotype: male (LPSNU), VIETNAM. Dak Lak, IV.2019, local collector leg. Paratype: 1 male (LPSNU), same data as the holotype, but III.2018. Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Prof. Ying-Zhou Tian (mLJNJ), former president of Liupanshui Normal University, for his generous supports to this study. Distribution. Only known from type locality of Dak Lak province, Vietnam.