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Additional file 1: Table S1. Clinical characteristics of patients. Table S2. The information of primers, products, and annealing temperatures. Table S3. The information of mice genotyping primers, products, and hSlc38a6-v2 primers. Figure S1. The agarose gel electrophoresis for genotyping. (A) Slc38a6 knock-out mice genotyping. (B) Slc38a6 conditional knock-out mice genotyping. (C) Lyz-CRE mice genotyping. (D) Tlr4 knock-out mice genotyping. Figure S2. (A) Il-6 relative expression level in PLF among control group (n = 4), 10 mg/kg LPS i.p. group (n = 4) and 20 mg/kg LPS group (n = 4). (B) TNF-α concentration in serum between LyzCRESlc38a6fl/fl and Slc38a6fl/fl group at 24 h post injection by ELISA (n = 7 or 12). (C) Relative expression of Il-1β and Slc38a6 after LPS stimulation in RAW264.7. (D) Relative expression of Tnf-α and Slc38a6 after LPS stimulation in RAW264.7. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of independent experiments. *p < 0.05. Figure S3. (A) Flow cytometry strategy for peripheral blood. (B) Staining of unstained samples with different antibodies. Figure S4. (A) Flow cytometry strategy for spleen cells. (B) Staining of unstained samples with different antibodies. Figure S5. (A) Flow cytometry strategy for PLF. (B) Staining of unstained samples with different antibodies. Figure S6. (A) Flow cytometry strategy for BAL fluid. (B) Staining of unstained samples with different antibodies. Figure S7. Macrophage percentage in BALF between Slc38a6+/− and Slc38a6−/− mice (A) and splenocytes (B) at 72 h post injection (n = 5). Monocyte/macrophage percentage in splenocytes (C) and in BALF (D) at 72 h post injection (n = 4–6 or 8).

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Primary astrocytes were identified by GFAP immunostaining. Figure S2. Behavioral assessment by Fear condition test (FCT) and Y-maze after long term isoflurane anesthesia. Figure S3. The effect of ZP1609 at different concentrations on the astrocyte viabilities. Figure S4. Behavioral effects of different dosing schedules of ZP1609 on PND mice. Figure S5. Behavioral assessment by Fear condition test (FCT) and Y-maze after ZP1609 treatment.

A series of related electrophysiology phenomena can be caused by the occurrence of interpolated ventricular premature contraction. In our recent three-dimensional Lorenz R-R scatter plot research, we found that atrioventricular node double path caused by interpolated ventricular premature contraction imprints a specific pattern on three-dimensional Lorenz plots generated from 24-hour Holter recordings. We found two independent subclusters separated from the interpolated premature beat precluster, the interpolated premature beat cluster, and the interpolated premature beat postcluster, respectively. Combined with use of the trajectory tracking function and the leap phenomenon, our results reveal the presence of the atrioventricular node double conduction path.

To optimize the cycle-based fuel economy of the heavy duty vehicle, a driver assistant system with coordinated power system and dynamometer control is developed, and the automatic driving cycle calibration is carried out. The developed system can control the cyclic speed error within the range of ±3km/h. Economic calibration tests were carried out for a certain non-road power system under different debugging rules. The results show that the optimized shift law can reduce fuel consumption by 21.7% compared with the original shift law in typical sand-gravel pavement. The driver assistant system developed has good following effect and high practical value.

PSCs based on PBDB-T:MeIC1 achieved a larger Voc and Jsc and thus boosted the PCE compared to PBDB-T:MeIC-based PSCs., Isomers with small structural changes usually exhibit different properties. Rationally designing isomers of some high-performance SMAs can further enhance their function. In this work, an asymmetrical small molecule acceptor (SMA) MeIC1 isomerized from MeIC is reported. Compared with the symmetrical MeIC, the asymmetrical isomer showed almost the same absorption range but an elevated LUMO energy level and simultaneously enhanced π–π stacking and electron mobility by replacing the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit with a larger sized dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene unit in the ladder-type core of MeIC. As a result, the MeIC1-based PSCs achieved a higher PCE up to 12.58% with a promoted Voc and Jsc and an unchanged FF compared with those of MeIC-based PSCs when blended with PBDB-T. This work reveals that asymmetrical isomerization is effective for PCE promotion.

The use of a digital versatile disc(DVD)-based Ag electrode for the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was described. The effect of I– on the stripping analysis of Pb2+ and Cd2+ at Ag electrodes was first studied. I– significantly improved the stripping peaks of both Pb2+ and Cd2+. The square-wave voltammetric stripping response was linear over 5―50 μg/L for Pb2+ and Cd2+ with a deposition time of 118 s. The detection limits were 0.2 and 2.6 μg/L for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively. The high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of this DVD-based Ag electrode enabled its practical application for simple, rapid and economical determination of trace levels of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in tap water samples. In addition, detection can be achieved without sample deoxygenation and the electrode can be easily manufactured.

In this paper, the control requirements of the engine electronic control system (ECS) are proposed by analyzing the working principle of an air-assisted injection two-stroke kerosene spark-ignition engine. The software and hardware of the engine's electronic control unit are developed basing on the requirements of the control system. The control strategy of the control software for air-assisted injection system is studied in particular and was tested on a simulation test bench. At last, the engine electronic control system is tested and verified by the engine rig test, and the performance differences between the engine in the air-assisted injection mode and port fuel injection mode are compared. Tests on the simulation test bench and the engine test rig indicate that the electronic control system can meet the control performance requirements of this engine for electronic control systems, and the air-assisted injection system is able to improve the overall performance of the engine.

Zhanwang Xiang,1–3,* Lifei Wang,4,* Huzheng Yan,5 Zhihui Zhong,5 Wangkai Liu,6 Zhiqiang Mo,5 Fei Gao,5 Fujun Zhang5 1Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 2Department of Interventional Radiology, Ling-nan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 3Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou, China;4The Department of Radiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; 5Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; 6The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of 125I seed brachytherapy versus external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for the palliation of painful bone metastases of lung cancer after one cycle of chemotherapy progression.Materials and methods: We analyzed retrospectively 158 patients with painful bone metastases secondary to lung cancer after one cycle of chemotherapy progression treated between June 2013 and May 2016. Seventy-six patients with 96 lesions received 125I brachytherapy (Group A), whereas 82 patients with 98 metastases received EBRT (Group B). Pain intensity on Brief Pain Inventory, percentage of patients with pain severity, and quality of life were recorded prior to treatment (T0), 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks (T2, T4, T6, T8, T12, T16, T20, and T24) after treatment during a 24-hour period. Cost-effectiveness and number of treatment appointments were also compared between groups.Results: One hundred and fifty-eight patients had been treated. Visual analog scale for worst pain in Group A was significantly lower than in Group B at T2, T4, T6, T16, T20, and T24. Group A was superior to group B concerning quality of life scores (T2, T4, T20, and T24), cost-effectiveness, and number of treatment appointments. No significant differences were observed for complications.Conclusion: Compared with EBRT, 125I seed brachytherapy can be an alternative method for painful bone metastases from lung cancer after one cycle of chemotherapy progression. Keywords: pain, 125I seed, brachytherapy, EBRT, bone metastases, lung cancer, chemotherapy

Conventional Kalina cycle-based geothermal power plants are designed with a fixed working point determined by the local maximum ambient temperature during the year. A previous study indicated that the plant’s annual average thermal efficiency would be improved if the ammonia mass fraction of the Kalina cycle could be tuned to adapt to the ambient conditions. In this paper, another sliding condensation pressure method is investigated. A theoretical model is set up and then a numerical program is developed to analyze the cycle performance. The condensation pressure adjustment in accordance to the changing ambient temperature has been numerically demonstrated under various ammonia-water mixture concentrations. The results indicate that the Kalina cycle using sliding condensation pressure method can achieve much better annual average thermal efficiency than a conventional Kalina cycle through matching the cycle with the changing ambient temperature via controlling condensation pressure. Furthermore, the sliding condensation pressure method is compared with the composition tuning method. The results show that the annual average efficiency improvement of the sliding condensation pressure method is higher than that of the composition tuning method.

Organic semiconductors possess an intrinsic energetic disorder characteristic, which holds an exceptionally important role for understanding organic photovoltaic (OPV) operation and future optimization. We performed illumination intensity dependence of capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements in PIDTDTQx:PC70BM based organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaics in working conditions. Energetic disorder profiles for the photo-active layer, PIDTDTQx:PC70BM, changed significantly when different interfaces were involved. The effects of energetic disorder that could be reflected from C-V profiles are incorporated through an exponential or Gaussian model of density of states (DOS), or a combination of these two. Results underlie that an identical organic blend in BHJ solar cells exhibits different energetic disorder when it interacts with various interfaces. It may, thus, has a certain impact on OPV performances, such as open-circuit voltage (V_oc ). Our study provides device physicists a different perspective view for tailoring the organic energetic disorder parameter via interfaces in order to enhance photo-electron conversion efficiencies (PCE).

Due to the necessity of inter-node coordination and cooperative processing, time synchronization is an important and critical issue for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Although many existing approaches have been proposed for time synchronization in WSNs, they suffer from high computational complexity, high power consumption or geographic constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel time synchronization scheme for WSNs based on FM radio, specifically, the hourly broadcasting clock signal is utilized to provide a high resolution, low power consumption and low computational complexity time synchronization scheme. We implement this synchronization scheme in hardware and conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and management strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve (NR) is one of the most important national reserves for giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca in China. Previous studies have shown that giant pandas in Tangjiahe NR may be threatened by population decline and fragmentation. Here we used 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess the genetic variability in the Tangjiahe population. The results indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the Hongshihe and Motianling subpopulations in the reserve. Assignment tests using the Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE identified one genetic cluster from 42 individuals of the two subpopulations. All individuals from the same subpopulation were assigned to one cluster. This indicates high gene flow between subpopulations. F statistic analyses revealed a low FIS-value of 0.024 in the total population and implies a randomly mating population in Tangjiahe NR. Additionally, our data show a high level of genetic diversity for the Tangjiahe population. Mean allele number (A), Allelic richness (AR) and mean expected heterozygosity (HE) for the Tangjiahe population was 5.9, 5.173 and 0.703, respectively. This wild giant panda population can be restored through concerted effort [Current Zoology 57 (6): 717–724, 2011].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided 125I seed implant brachytherapy in patients with painful metastatic bone lesions after failure of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). From August 2012 to July 2014, 26 patients with painful bone metastases after failure of EBRT were treated with CT-guided 125I seed implant brachytherapy. Patient pain and analgesic use were measured using the Brief Pain Inventory before treatment, weekly for 4 weeks, and every 4 weeks thereafter for a total of 24 weeks. Opioid analgesic medications and complications were monitored at the same follow-up intervals. Before 125I seed implantation, the mean score for worst pain in a 24-hour period was 7.3 out of 10. Following treatment, at weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24, worst pain decreased to 5.0 (P

Current multi-sensor image fusion algorithms have difficulties working at many different scenes. In this paper, a cooperative fusion algorithm based on the grey correlation theory and automatic evaluation feedback is proposed in order to achieve better fusion results. A synergetic mechanism is introduced to adjust the algorithm parameters for better fusion results. Experiments show that the collaborative integration of the results is consistent with the subjective evaluation of human eyes.

EGFR T790M mutation which renders resistance to the first-generation EGFR inhibitors,accounts for about 50% of all originally responsive non-small cell lung cancer patients. In order to overcome this type of resistance, we have developed a small molecular drug candidate with unique structural features that offer differentiated pharmacological and safety profiles pre-clinically when compared with other leading third-generation EGFR inhibitors. The compound selectively inhibits T790M as well as activating EGFR mutations, with much less inhibition to the wild type EGFR. Enzymatic inhibition IC50 against EGFR T790M,T790M/Del19 and T790M/L858R is less than 1nM. In addition, enzymatic inhibition IC50 against EGFR activating mutations Del19 and L858R is around 1nM, with much less inhibition to the wild type EGFR, a 10-time selection ratio. In cell based assays, the compound potently inhibits proliferation of EGFR T790M mutated NSCLC cell lines H1975(T790M/L858R)and PC9-GR(T790M/Del19)with an IC50 around 3nM. Similarly, it potently inhibits EGFR activating mutant NSCLC cell lines HCC827(Del19)and PC9(Del19). However, the compound displays about 200-fold less sensitivity to the EGFR wild type cancer cell line A431, with an IC50 around 600nM. When dosed to tumor-bearing animals, the compound dose-dependently induces profound regression of xenografts derived from both H1975 and primary human lung cancer LU1868, both of which carry an EGFR T790M mutation. It also induces regression of HCC827 xenografts potently, similarly to the first- and second-generation EGFR inhibitors; whereas it displays much less inhibition to the EGFR wild type A431 xenografts, demonstrating a higher specificity to the mutated EGFR forms when compared with the EGFR inhibitors on market. The drug candidate displays favorable PK and safety profiles. These properties warrant further development of this compound as first- as well as second-line therapy for NSCLC. Citation Format: Rudi Bao, Peng Gao, Fujun Zhang, Zhaolong Tong, Hongping Yu, Yaochang Xu. Discovery of a third-generation EGFR inhibitor, which is highly selective and potent against both resistant and activating EGFR mutations for NSCLC therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3063.

On the background of developing the design platform for vehicle power train integrated design, we found the problem that for the design activities of research institutions, design object and its technical parameters need to be able to customize freely, the design activities are around design tasks such as the design parameters, knowledge, tools, methods are all need to be dynamic configured for each design task, which can not be satisfied by the mature Product Data Management(PDM) softwares, so we developed a PDM system for research institutions which called Power train Integrated Design System(PIDS). In this paper, Unified Modeling Language(UML) is used to represent a visual and unambiguous system functions. Four Use Case Diagrams of actors including Leaders, Designer, Reviewer, and Administrator are designed. The design task life cycle is established using an Activity Diagram with embeding lanes. The concepts of Technical Parameters Table, Data Package, Design Function, Product Code are proposed to support the design process. The innovative solution proposed is also useful for the development of design platform for other research institutions, and it's a new way of thinking for the improvement of enterprise-oriented PDM softwares.

Central neuroimmune activation contributes to the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain after nerve injury. The current study was aimed to examine the modulation of neuroimmune activation in the spinal cord by the alpha(2) adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Animals were randomly assigned into 6 groups: sham-operation with 20 microg clonidine or saline; and PSNL with clonidine (5, 10, and 20 microg) or saline. Fourteen days post-operation, various doses of clonidine or saline were injected intrathecally. The paw pressure threshold and paw withdrawal latencies were measured before and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the injection of clonidine. Glial activation markers such as macrophage antigen complex-1 (mac-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation, and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the lumbar spinal cord were determined as well. Administration of clonidine resulted in a dose-dependent attenuation in PSNL-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, clonidine could markedly inhibit neuroimmune activation characterized by glial activation, production of cytokines, NF-kappaB activation as well as p38 activation. The antihyperalgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in rats receiving PSNL might partly attribute to the inhibition of neuroimmune activation associated with the maintenance of neuropathic pain.

The paper presents a new vehicular emission simulation method, aiming to improve the prediction of the overall vehicular emission in terms of engine emission performance characteristic of the early design stage. The method helps to optimize the matching performance of the vehicle and the engine by reducing the number of parameters to fewer engine running points.

One of the often-running modes for a gasoline engine is idling, and idle speed stability is one of the key aspects to evaluate a vehicle's performance when it is equipped with a gasoline engine. Therefore, it is very important to control the idle speed stability and to keep the idle speed constant in spite of the various engine load disturbances. In order to reach this goal, usually the closed loop control is applied. Among various control algorithms, traditional PID algorithm has been used successfully for many applications. The key advantages of PID control are its simplicity and practicality. Its control parameters can be tuned on line; the flexibility of its software development makes it easier to get a better control result. In this paper, based on PID control algorithm, an idle speed control system for 462Q electronic controlled gasoline engine is developed. The hardware design of this system, the design of the digital PID controller, the selection of the sample interval and the method for tuning the control parameters are introduced in detail.

An adaptive ignition control system can adjust ignition angle automatically, so the power of the SI engine is improved while preventing it from knock. This paper describes an ignition control system, whose core is a micro-processor (80C552). The inputs include intake manifold pressure sensor, throttle position sensor, water temperature sensor, crankshaft position (speed) sensor, synchronization sensor and knock sensor. The software of the system includes main flow program and several interruption programs. The article describes how the knock signal acquisition, knock condition judgment, ignition-signal, etc. are controlled by the software. The peak-value of the knock signal is recorded in a circuit during one cycle, and accordingly this value of the knock is detected. A new two-parameter ignition angle adjusting method is used, which is according to the peak-value of knock signal during one cycle and the mean value of several cycle peak-values. This method effectively resolved the contrast of the high response and small cycle fluctuation of ignition angle control. The experiments on 368Q engine shows that the design of the system hard-and-software is feasible and the engine is prevented from knock effectively, the torque of the engine is improved.

The longitudinal generalized magneto-optical ellipsometry (GME) method is extended to the measurement of three-layer ultrathin magnetic films. In this work, the theory of the reflection matrix is introduced into the GME measurement to obtain the reflective matrix parameters of ultrathin multilayer magnetic films with different thicknesses. After that, a spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to determine the optical parameter and the thickness of every layer of these samples, then the magneto-optical coupling constant of the multilayer magnetic ultrathin film can be obtained. After measurements of a series of ultrathin Fe films, the results show that the magneto-optical coupling constant Q is independent of the thickness of the magnetic film. The magneto-optical Kerr rotations and ellipticity are measured to confirm the validity of this experiment. Combined with the optical constants and the Q constant, the Kerr rotations and ellipticity are calculated in theory. The results show that the theoretical curve fits very well with the experimental data.

Three-dimensional topological insulator is a new quantum material which is insulating in the bulk but has current-carrying massless Dirac surface states. In this article, we investigate the magneto-optical properties of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3. Our analysis shows that the Faraday rotation can be affected by the magnetic coupling strength. The peak position shows a hypochromic shift with increasing magnetic coupling strength. There are two giant Kerr rotations with one (-π/2) in the low-frequency area and the other one in the non-low-frequency area. The spectral range of Kerr rotation reduces with increasing film thickness, magnetic coupling strength and incident angle. For the Bi2Se3 film, the giant Kerr rotation in the non-low-frequency area shows an obvious red shift. In addition, it is observed that the Faraday rotation peak position of Bi2Se3 is the same as that of Bi2Te3, so the Faraday rotation can be only determined by magnetic coupling strength. The giant Kerr rotation spectral range in the non-low-frequency area is larger than that of Bi2Te3.