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Additional file 2: Table S1. Antibodies for flow cytometry. Table S2. Antibodies for immunohistochemistry. Table S3. Characteristics of enrolled HIV-1 infected patients in single-cell RNA sequencing.

Spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) refers to collateral vessels that communicate between the portal vein system and systemic circulation. SPSS mainly includes esophageal varices, gastric varices, left gastric vein, recanalized paraumbilical vein, abdominal wall varices, and spontaneous splenorenal shunt. SPSS contributes to the development of hepatic encephalopathy caused by portal vein inflow bypassing and carries a higher risk of death in liver cirrhosis. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography is a major imaging approach to establish a diagnosis of SPSS and evaluate its location and feature. This review primarily describes the main contrast-enhanced CT features of SPSS in liver cirrhosis.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Gating strategy of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Fig. S2. Correlation analysis of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell frequencies with CD4+ T-cell counts (a), plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (b) and the frequencies of CD38highHLA-DR+-expressing MAIT cells (c). Fig. S3. Workflow and quality-control of scRNA-seq. Fig. S4. Increased mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in colorectal mucosa tissues from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients.

Currently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in almost all countries globally, and no effective therapy has been documented for COVID-19 and the role of convalescent plasma therapy is unknown. In current study, 6 COVID-19 subjects with respiratory failure received convalescent plasma at a median of 21.5 days after first detection of viral shedding, all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by 3 days after infusion, and 5 died eventually. In conclusion, convalescent plasma treatment can discontinue SARS-CoV-2 shedding but cannot reduce mortality in critically end-stage COVID-19 patients, and treatment should be initiated earlier.