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1. The Milky Way bar and bulge revealed by APOGEE and Gaia EDR3

Author

Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade, Santiago, Basilio Xavier, and Zasowski, G.

Subjects
General [Galaxy], Via láctea, Structure [Galaxy], Bojos de galaxias, Center [Galaxy], Fundamental parameters [Stars], Catalogos astronomicos, Abundances [Stars], Stellar content [Galaxy]
Abstract

We investigate the inner regions of the Milky Way using data from APOGEE and Gaia EDR3. Our inner Galactic sample has more than 26 500 stars within |XGal| < 5 kpc, |YGal| < 3.5 kpc, |ZGal| < 1 kpc, and we also carry out the analysis for a foreground-cleaned subsample of 8000 stars that is more representative of the bulge–bar populations. These samples allow us to build chemo-dynamical maps of the stellar populations with vastly improved detail. The inner Galaxy shows an apparent chemical bimodality in key abundance ratios [α/Fe], [C/N], and [Mn/O], which probe different enrichment timescales, suggesting a star formation gap (quenching) between the high- and low-α populations. Using a joint analysis of the distributions of kinematics, metallicities, mean orbital radius, and chemical abundances, we can characterize the different populations coexisting in the innermost regions of the Galaxy for the first time. The chemo-kinematic data dissected on an eccentricity–|Z|max plane reveal the chemical and kinematic signatures of the bar, the thin inner disc, and an inner thick disc, and a broad metallicity population with large velocity dispersion indicative of a pressure-supported component. The interplay between these different populations is mapped onto the different metallicity distributions seen in the eccentricity–|Z|max diagram consistently with the mean orbital radius and Vφ distributions. A clear metallicity gradient as a function of |Z|max is also found, which is consistent with the spatial overlapping of different populations. Additionally, we find and chemically and kinematically characterize a group of counter-rotating stars that could be the result of a gas-rich merger event or just the result of clumpy star formation during the earliest phases of the early disc that migrated into the bulge. Finally, based on 6D information, we assign stars a probability value of being on a bar orbit and find that most of the stars with large bar orbit probabilities come from the innermost 3 kpc, with a broad dispersion of metallicity. Even stars with a high probability of belonging to the bar show chemical bimodality in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagram. This suggests bar trapping to be an efficient mechanism, explaining why stars on bar orbits do not show a significant, distinct chemical abundance ratio signature.

Published
2021

2. The Milky Way bar and bulge revealed by APOGEE DR16 and Gaia EDR3

Author

Queiroz, A. B. A., Chiappini, C., Perez-Villegas, A., Khalatyan, A., Anders, F., Barbuy, B., Santiago, B. X., Steinmetz, M., Cunha, K., Schultheis, M., Majewski, S. R., Minchev, I., Minniti, D., Beaton, R. L., Cohen, R. E., da Costa, L. N., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., Garcia-Hernández, D. A., Geisler, D., Hasselquist, S., Lane, R. R., Nitschelm, C., Rojas-Arriagada, A., Roman-Lopes, A., Smith, V., and Zasowski, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate the inner regions of the Milky Way with a sample of unprecedented size and coverage thanks to APOGEE DR16 and Gaia EDR3 data. Our inner Galactic sample has more than 26,000 stars within $|X_{\rm Gal}, Comment: 25 pages, 25 figures, Accepted for publication on A&A, in press

Published
2020
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3. SDSS-V pioneering panoptic spectroscopy

Author

Juna Kollmeier, Anderson, S. F., Blanc, G. A., Blanton, M. R., Covey, K. R., Crane, J., Drory, N., Frinchaboy, P. M., Froning, C. S., Johnson, J. A., P Kneib, J., Kreckel, K., Merloni, A., Pellegrini, E. W., Pogge, R. W., Ramirez, S. V., Rix, H. W., Sayres, C., José Sánchez-Gallego, Yue Shen, Tkachenko, A., Trump, J. R., Tuttle, S. E., Anne-Marie Weijmans, Zasowski, G., Barbuy, B., Beaton, R. L., Bergemann, M., Bochanski, J. J., Brandt, W. N., Casey, A. R., Cherinka, B. A., Eracleous, M., Fan, X., García, R. A., Green, P. J., Hekker, S., Lane, R. R., Longa-Peña, P., Mathur, S., Meza, A., Minchev, I., Myers, A. D., Nidever, D. L., Nitschelm, C., Connell, J. E. O., Price-Whelan, A. M., Raddick, M. J., Rossi, G., Sankrit, R., Simon, J. D., Stutz, A. M., S Ting, Y., Trakhtenbrot, B., Weaver, B. A., Willmer, C. N. A., Weinberg, D. H., University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Contemporary Art

Subjects
NDAS, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

This white paper presents the case for SDSS-V. SDSS-V is an unprecedented all-sky spectroscopic survey of over six million objects. It is designed to decode the history of the Milky Way galaxy, trace the emergence of the chemical elements, reveal the inner workings of galaxies and their stars, and investigate the origin of planets. Publisher PDF Non

Published
2019

4. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey as an archetypal mid-scale program

Author

Michael Blanton, Anderson, S. F., Basu, S., Beaton, R. L., Bergemann, M., Bershady, M. A., Bochanski, J. J., Brandt, W. N., Brownstein, J., Bundy, K., Casey, A. R., Cherinka, B. A., Covey, K. R., Eracleous, M., Fan, X., Feuillet, D. K., Frinchaboy, P. M., García, R. A., Green, P. J., Johnson, J. A., Jones, A., Knapp, G., P Kneib, J., Kollmeier, J. A., Kreckel, K., Lane, R. R., Longa-Peña, P., Masters, K., Mathur, S., Merloni, A., Meza, A., Minchev, I., Nitschelm, C., Connell, J. E. O., Raddick, M. J., Ramirez, S. V., W Rix, H., Rossi, G., Sankrit, R., Shen, Y., Simon, J. D., Stutz, A. M., S Ting, Y., Trump, J. R., Tuttle, S. E., Anne-Marie Weijmans, Weaver, B. A., Weinberg, D. H., Willmer, C. N. A., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Zasowski, G., University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Contemporary Art

Subjects
QC Physics, QB Astronomy, 3rd-DAS, QC, QB
Abstract

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) as an archetypal mid-scale program, including the technical, scientific, and organizational aspects underpinning its success over the last twenty years. Based on the SDSS experience, we present six recommendations that the funding mechanisms for mid-scale programs should be designed to ensure the adoption of these recommendations. Publisher PDF Non

Published
2019

5. Precision Stellar Astrophysics and Galactic Archaeology: 2020

Author

Kollmeier, J., Fuller, J., Gaensicke, B., Gaudi, S., Nataf, D., Rix, H., Aerts, C., Anderson, S., Anderson, L., Anguiano, B., Basu, S., Bird, J., Brown, A., Bullock, J., Cunha, K., De Lee, N., Hekker, S., Johnson, J., Lane, R., Ness, M., Pinsonneault, M., Schwope, A., Aguirre, V., Steinmetz, M., Stevens, D., Teske, J., Tkachenko, A., Stassun, K., Ting, Y., Stutz, A., Weinberg, D., and Zasowski, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Physics::History of Physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

This white paper is meant to capture many different elements of stellar astrophysics and galactic archaeology that highlight the important role this science will play in the 2020s era of precision astronomy.

Published
2019

6. APOGEE Chemical Abundances of the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author

Hasselquist, S., Nidever, D., Hayes, C., Anguiano, B., Majewski, S., Sobeck, J., Stringfellow, G., Beers, T., Jonsson, H., Lian, J., Cohen, R., Zasowski, G., Mackereth, J., Battaglia, G., Weinberg, D., Lane, R., Long-Pena, P., Gallart, C., Villanova, S., Rix, H., Andrews, B., Cunha, K., Smith, V., Choi, Y., Geisler, D., Carrera, R., Almeida, A., and Fernandez-Trincado, J.

Abstract

To date, the SDSS-IV APOGEE survey has obtained S/N > 70 spectra for over 2,500 red giant stars distributed across much of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), allowing for the characterization of the detailed abundance patterns for 10+ chemical elements. In this project, we interpret the chemical abundance patterns of the LMC by comparing them to the chemical abundance patterns of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy (Sgr) and the Milky Way (MW), as well as by invoking chemical evolution models (such as flexCE and chempy) that include the LMC's star formation history. Preliminary results show that the LMC shares [Ni/Fe] and [Al/Fe] deficiencies with Sgr, but exhibits alpha-element abundances ([O/Fe], [Mg/Fe], and [Si/Fe]) that are near-solar. There is also a correlation with [O/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] with [Fe/H] at [Fe/H] > -1.0. These results suggest that the LMC exhibited low star formation efficiency (as compared to Sgr and the MW) at early times, but has since experienced several starbursts which spawned the stars with [Fe/H] > -1.0. Using these APOGEE chemical abundance patterns as constraints, we use chemical evolution models to better characterize the nature (strength, time, duration, IMF, etc.) of these starbursts.

Published
2019

7. SDSS-IV MaStar: A Large and Comprehensive Empirical Stellar Spectral Library-First Release

Author

Yan, R, Chen, Y, Lazarz, D, Bizyaev, D, Maraston, C, Stringfellow, GS, Mccarthy, K, Meneses-Goytia, S, Law, DR, Thomas, D, Barroso, JF, Sánchez-Gallego, JR, Schlafly, E, Zheng, Z, Argudo-Fernández, M, Beaton, RL, Beers, TC, Bershady, M, Blanton, MR, Brownstein, J, Bundy, K, Chambers, KC, Cherinka, B, Lee, ND, Drory, N, Galbany, L, Holtzman, J, Imig, J, Kaiser, N, Kinemuchi, K, Liu, C, Luo, AL, Magnier, E, Majewski, S, Nair, P, Oravetz, A, Oravetz, D, Pan, K, Sobeck, J, Stassun, K, Talbot, M, Tremonti, C, Waters, C, Weijmans, AM, Wilhelm, R, Zasowski, G, Zhao, G, and Zhao, YH

Subjects
astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.GA, fundamental parameters [stars], general [stars], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Particle and Plasma Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, stellar content [Galaxy], spectroscopic [techniques], Nuclear, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, catalogs, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present the first release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), which is a large, well-calibrated, high-quality empirical library covering the wavelength range 3622-10354 Å at a resolving power of R ∼ 1800. The spectra were obtained using the same instrument as used by the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) project, by piggybacking on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV)/Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment 2-N (APOGEE-2N) observations. Compared to previous empirical libraries, the MaStar library will have a higher number of stars and a more comprehensive stellar-parameter coverage, especially of cool dwarfs, low-metallicity stars, and stars with different [α/Fe], achieved by a sophisticated target-selection strategy that takes advantage of stellar-parameter catalogs from the literature. This empirical library will provide a new basis for stellar-population synthesis and is particularly well suited for stellar-population analysis of MaNGA galaxies. The first version of the library contains 8646 high-quality per-visit spectra for 3321 unique stars. Compared to photometry, the relative flux calibration of the library is accurate to 3.9% in g-r, 2.7% in r-i, and 2.2% in i-z. The data are released as part of SDSS Data Release 15. We expect the final release of the library to contain more than 10,000 stars.

Published
2019

8. In Pursuit of Galactic Archaeology

Author

Ness, M., Bird, J., Johnson, J., Zasowski, G., Kollmeier, J., Rix, H.-W., Aguirre, V.S., Anguiano, B., Basu, S., Brown, A., Buder, S., Chiappini, C., Cunha, K., Dongia, E., Frinchaboy, P., Hekker, S., Hunt, J., Johnston, K., Lane, R., Lucatello, S., Meza, A., Minchev, I., Nataf, D., Price-Whelan, A.M., Sanderson, R., Sobeck, J., Stassun, K., Steinmetz, M., Ting, Y.-S., Venn, K., Xue, X., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, and DEU

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

The next decade affords tremendous opportunity to achieve the goals of Galactic archaeology. That is, to reconstruct the evolutionary narrative of the Milky Way, based on the empirical data that describes its current morphological, dynamical, temporal and chemical structures. Here, we describe the path to achieving this goal.

Published
2019

9. High-Dimensional Dust Mapping

Author

Zasowski, G., Finkbeiner, D. P., Green, G. M., Kollmeier, J. A., Nataf, D. M., Peek, J. E. G., Schlafly, E. F., Aguirre, V. Silva, Speagle, J. S., Tchernyshyov, K., Trujillo, J. D., and Zucker, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Galactic interstellar dust has a profound impact not only on our observations of objects throughout the Universe, but also on the morphology, star formation, and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. The advent of massive imaging and spectroscopic surveys (particularly in the infrared) places us on the threshold of being able to map the properties and dynamics of dust and the interstellar medium (ISM) in three dimensions throughout the Milky Way disk and bulge. These developments will enable a fundamentally new understanding of dust properties, including how grains respond to their local environment and how those environments affect dust attenuation of background objects of interest. Distance-resolved maps of dust motion also hold great promise for tracing the flow of interstellar material throughout the Galaxy on a variety of scales, from bar-streaming motions to the collapse and dissolution of individual molecular clouds. These advances require optical and infrared imaging of stars throughout the Galactic midplane, stretching many kiloparsecs from the Sun, matched with very dense spectroscopic coverage to probe the ISM's fine-grained structure., Comment: Submitted to the Astro2020 call for science white papers. 5 pages plus references, 1 figure

Published
2019
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10. The APOGEE-2 Survey of the Orion Star-forming Complex. I. Target Selection and Validation with Early Observations

Author

Cottle, J., Covey, K., Suárez, G., Román-Zúñiga, C., Schlafly, E., Downes, J., Ybarra, J., Hernandez, J., Stassun, K., Stringfellow, G., Getman, K., Feigelson, E., Borissova, J., Kim, J., Roman-Lopes, A., Da Rio, N., De Lee, N., Frinchaboy, P., Kounkel, M., Majewski, S., Mennickent, R., Nidever, D., Nitschelm, C., Pan, K., Shetrone, M., Zasowski, G., Chambers, K., Magnier, E., and Valenti, J.

Abstract

The Orion Star-forming Complex (OSFC) is a central target for the APOGEE-2 Young Cluster Survey. Existing membership catalogs span limited portions of the OSFC, reflecting the difficulty of selecting targets homogeneously across this extended, highly structured region. We have used data from wide-field photometric surveys to produce a less biased parent sample of young stellar objects (YSOs) with infrared (IR) excesses indicative of warm circumstellar material or photometric variability at optical wavelengths across the full 420 square degree extent of the OSFC. When restricted to YSO candidates with H < 12.4, to ensure S/N ̃ 100 for a six-visit source, this uniformly selected sample includes 1307 IR excess sources selected using criteria vetted by Koenig & Liesawitz (2014) and 990 optical variables identified in the Pan-STARRS1 3π survey: 319 sources exhibit both optical variability and evidence of circumstellar disks through IR excess. Objects from this uniformly selected sample received the highest priority for targeting, but required fewer than half of the fibers on each APOGEE-2 plate. We filled the remaining fibers with previously confirmed and new color- magnitude selected candidate OSFC members. Radial velocity measurements from APOGEE-1 and new APOGEE-2 observations taken in the survey’s first year indicate that ̃90% of the uniformly selected targets have radial velocities consistent with Orion membership. The APOGEE-2 Orion survey will include >1100 bona fide YSOs whose uniform selection function will provide a robust sample for comparative analyses of the stellar populations and properties across all sub-regions of Orion.

Published
2018

11. Baade’s window and APOGEE: Metallicities, ages, and chemical abundances

Author

Schultheis, M., Rojas-Arriagada, A., García Pérez, A., Jonsson, H., Hayden, M., Nandakumar, G., Cunha, K., Allende Prieto, C., Holtzman, A., Beers, C., Bizyaev, D., Brinkmann, J., Carrera, R., Cohen, R., Geisler, D., Hearty, F., Fernandez-Tricado, J.G., Maraston, C., Minnitti, D., Nitschelm, C., Roman-Lopes, A., Schneider, D., Tang, B., Villanova, S., Zasowski, G., Majewski, S., Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Department of Technology and Built Environment, University of Gsyle, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation), and University of Portsmouth

Subjects
Galaxy: stellar content, stars: abundances, stars: fundamental parameters, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], infrared: stars, Galaxy: bulge
Abstract

International audience; Context. Baade’s window (BW) is one of the most observed Galactic bulge fields in terms of chemical abundances. Owing to its low and homogeneous interstellar absorption it is considered the perfect calibration field for Galactic bulge studies.Aims. In the era of large spectroscopic surveys, calibration fields such as BW are necessary for cross calibrating the stellar parameters and individual abundances of the APOGEE survey.Methods. We use the APOGEE BW stars to derive the metallicity distribution function (MDF) and individual abundances for α- and iron-peak elements of the APOGEE ASPCAP pipeline (DR13), as well as the age distribution for stars in BW.Results. We determine the MDF of APOGEE stars in BW and find a remarkable agreement with that of the Gaia-ESO survey (GES). Both exhibit a clear bimodal distribution. We also find that the Mg-metallicity planes of the two surveys agree well, except for the metal-rich part ([Fe/H] > 0.1), where APOGEE finds systematically higher Mg abundances with respect to the GES. The ages based on the [C/N] ratio reveal a bimodal age distribution, with a major old population at ~ 10 Gyr, with a decreasing tail towards younger stars. A comparison of stellar parameters determined by APOGEE and those determined by other sources reveals detectable systematic offsets, in particular for spectroscopic surface gravity estimates. In general, we find a good agreement between individual abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni from APOGEE with that of literature values.Conclusions. We have shown that in general APOGEE data show a good agreement in terms of MDF and individual chemical abundances with respect to literature works. Using the [C/N] ratio we found a significant fraction of young stars in BW.

Published
2017

12. Galactic archaeology with asteroseismology and spectroscopy : red giants observed by CoRoT and APOGEE

Author

Anders, Friedrich, Santiago, Basilio Xavier, and Zasowski, G.

Subjects
Asterosismologia, Evolucao galatica, Asteroseismology, Estrelas gigantes, Catalogos astronomicos, abundances [Galaxy], fundamental parameters [Stars], disk [Galaxy], evolution [Galaxy]
Abstract

With the advent of the space missions CoRoT and Kepler, it has recently become feasible to determine precise asteroseismic masses and relative ages for large samples of red giant stars. We present the CoRoGEE dataset, obtained from CoRoT light curves for 606 red giants in two fields of the Galactic disc that have been co-observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). We used the Bayesian parameter estimation code PARAM to calculate distances, extinctions, masses, and ages for these stars in a homogeneous analysis, resulting in relative statistical uncertainties of .2% in distance, 4% in radius, 9% in mass and 25% in age. We also assessed systematic age uncertainties stemming from di erent input physics and mass loss. We discuss the correlation between ages and chemical abundance patterns of field stars over a broad radial range of the Milky Way disc (5 kpc < RGal < 14 kpc), focussing on the [ /Fe]-[Fe/H]-age plane in five radial bins of the Galactic disc. We find an overall agreement with the expectations of pure chemical-evolution models computed before the present data were available, especially for the outer regions. However, our data also indicate that a significant fraction of stars now observed near and beyond the solar neighbourhood migrated from inner regions. Mock CoRoGEE observations of a chemodynamical Milky Way disc model indicate that the number of high-metallicity stars in the outer disc is too high to be accounted for even by the strong radial mixing present in the model. The mock observations also show that the age distribution of the [ /Fe]-enhanced sequence in the CoRoGEE inner-disc field is much broader than expected from a combination of radial mixing and observational errors.We suggest that a thick-disc/bulge component that formed stars for more than 3 Gyr may account for these discrepancies. Our results are subject to future improvements due to (a) the still low statistics, because our sample had to be sliced into bins of Galactocentric distances and ages; (b) large uncertainties in proper motions (and therefore guiding radii); and (c) corrections to the asteroseismic mass-scaling relation. The situation will improve not only upon the upcoming Gaia data releases, but also with the foreseen increase in the number of stars with both seismic and spectroscopic information.

Published
2017

13. Spectro-photometric distances to stars : a general purpose Bayesian approach

Author

Santiago, Basilio Xavier, Brauer, Dorothée, Anders, Friedrich, Chiappini, C.C.M., Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade, Girardi, Leo Alberto, Rocha-Pinto, H.J., Balbinot, Eduardo, Costa, Luiz N. da, Maia, Marcio Antonio Geimba, Schultheis, Mathias, Steinmetz, M., Miglio, Andrea, Montalbán, Josefina, Schneider, D.P., Beers, T.C., Frinchaboy, P.M., Lee, Y.S., and Zasowski, G.

Subjects
Mapeamentos astronômicos, statistical [Methods], statistics [Stars], Espectrofotometria, Surveys, distances [Stars], Modelos estatísticos, structure [Galaxy]
Abstract

Context. Determining distances to individual field stars is a necessary step towards mapping Galactic structure and determining spatial variations in the chemo-dynamical properties of stellar populations in the Milky Way. Aims. In order to provide stellar distance estimates for various spectroscopic surveys, we have developed a code that estimates distances to stars using measured spectroscopic and photometric quantities. We employ a Bayesian approach to build the probability distribution function over stellar evolutionary models given these data, delivering estimates of model parameters (including distances) for each star individually. Our method provides several alternative distance estimates for each star in the output, along with their associated uncertainties. This facilitates the use of our method even in the absence of some measurements. Methods. The code was first tested on simulations, successfully recovering input distances to mock stars with .1% bias. We found the uncertainties scale with the uncertainties in the adopted spectro-photometric parameters. The method-intrinsic random distance uncertainties for typical spectroscopic survey measurements amount to around 10% for dwarf stars and 20% for giants, and are most sensitive to the quality of log g measurements. Results. The code was then validated by comparing our distance estimates to parallax measurements from the Hipparcos mission for nearby stars (

Published
2016

14. Extinction Maps towards the Milky Way Bulge: 2D and 3D Tests with APOGEE

Author

Schultheis, M., Zasowski, G., Prieto, C. Allende, Anders, F., Beaton, R. L., Beers, T. C., Bizyaev, D., Chiappini, C., Frinchaboy, P. M., Garcia-Perez, A. E., Ge, J., Hearty, F., Holtzman, J., Majewski, S. R., Muna, D., Nidever, D., Shetrone, M., and Schneider, D. P.

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Galactic interstellar extinction maps are powerful and necessary tools for Milky Way structure and stellar population analyses, particularly toward the heavily-reddened bulge and in the midplane. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable extinction measures and distances for a large number of stars that are independent of these maps, tests of their accuracy and systematics have been limited. Our goal is to assess a variety of photometric stellar extinction estimates, including both 2D and 3D extinction maps, using independent extinction measures based on a large spectroscopic sample of stars towards the Milky Way bulge. We employ stellar atmospheric parameters derived from high-resolution $H$-band APOGEE spectra, combined with theoretical stellar isochrones, to calculate line-of-sight extinction and distances for a sample of more than 2400 giants towards the Milky Way bulge. We compare these extinction values to those predicted by individual near-IR and near+mid-IR stellar colors, 2D bulge extinction maps and 3D extinction maps. The long baseline, near+mid-IR stellar colors are, on average, the most accurate predictors of the APOGEE extinction estimates, and the 2D and 3D extinction maps derived from different stellar populations along different sightlines show varying degrees of reliability. We present the results of all of the comparisons and discuss reasons for the observed discrepancies. We also demonstrate how the particular stellar atmospheric models adopted can have a strong impact on this type of analysis, and discuss related caveats., 10 pages, 12 pages, accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2014

15. Mapping the Bulge Metallicity Distribution Function with APOGEE

Author

Perez, Ana Elia Garcia, Johnson, J., Cunha, K. M., Allende-Prieto, C., Shetrone, M. D., Majewski, S. R., Schiavon, R. P., Frinchaboy, P. M., Hayden, M. R., Nidever, D. L., Robin, A., Schultheis, M., Zasowski, G., Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

16. Bayesian distances and extinctions for giants observed by Kepler and APOGEE

Author

Rodrigues, Thaise da Silva, Girardi, Leo Alberto, Miglio, Andrea, Bossini, Diego, Bovy, Jo, Epstein, Courtney, Pinsonneault, Marc H., Zasowski, G., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Chaplin, William James, Hekker, Saskia, Johnson, J.A., Mészáros, S., Mosser, Benoît, Anders, Friedrich, Basu, Sarbani, Beers, T.C., Chiappini, C.C.M., Costa, Luiz N. da, Elsworth, Yvonne P., Garcia, Rafael A., García Pérez, Ana Elia, Maia, Marcio Antonio Geimba, Majewski, Steven Raymond, Mathur, Savita, Montalbán, Josefina, Nidever, D.L., Santiago, Basilio Xavier, Schultheis, Mathias, Serenelli, Aldo M., and Shetrone, M.

Subjects
Evolucao estelar, Aglomerados estelares, Catalogos astronomicos, Estrelas gigantes, distances [Stars], fundamental parameters [Stars]
Abstract

We present a first determination of distances and extinctions for individual stars in the first release of the APOKASC catalogue, built from the joint efforts of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium (KASC). Our method takes into account the spectroscopic constraints derived from the APOGEE Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances Pipeline, together with the asteroseismic parameters from KASC. These parameters are then employed to estimate intrinsic stellar properties, including absolute magnitudes, using the Bayesian tool PARAM. We then find the distance and extinction that best fit the observed photometry in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 2MASS, and WISE passbands. The first 1989 giants targetted by APOKASC are found at typical distances between 0.5 and 5 kpc, with individual uncertainties of just ∼1.8 per cent. Our extinction estimates are systematically smaller than provided in the Kepler Input Catalogue and by the Schlegel et al. maps. Distances to individual stars in the NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 star clusters agree to within their credible intervals. Comparison with the APOGEE red clump and SAGA catalogues provide another useful check, exhibiting agreement with our measurements to within a few per cent. Overall, present methods seem to provide excellent distance and extinction determinations for the bulk of the APOKASC sample. Approximately one third of the stars present broad or multiple-peaked probability density functions and hence increased uncertainties. Uncertainties are expected to be reduced in future releases of the catalogue, when a larger fraction of the stars will have seismically determined evolutionary status classifications.

Published
2014

17. Lifting the Dusty Veil II: A Large-Scale Study of the Galactic Infrared Extinction Law

Author

Zasowski, G., Majewski, S. R., Indebetouw, R., Meade, M. R., Nidever, D. L., Patterson, R. J., Babler, B., Skrutskie, M. F., Watson, C., Whitney, B. A., and Churchwell, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We combine near-infrared (2MASS) and mid-infrared (Spitzer-IRAC) photometry to characterize the IR extinction law (1.2-8 microns) over nearly 150 degrees of contiguous Milky Way midplane longitude. The relative extinctions in 5 passbands across these wavelength and longitude ranges are derived by calculating color excess ratios for G and K giant red clump stars in contiguous midplane regions and deriving the wavelength dependence of extinction in each one. Strong, monotonic variations in the extinction law shape are found as a function of angle from the Galactic center, symmetric on either side of it. These longitudinal variations persist even when dense interstellar regions, known a priori to have a shallower extinction curve, are removed. The increasingly steep extinction curves towards the outer Galaxy indicate a steady decrease in the absolute-to-selective extinction ratio (R_V) and in the mean dust grain size at greater Galactocentric angles. We note an increasing strength of the 8 micron extinction inflection at high Galactocentric angles and, using theoretical dust models, show that this behavior is consistent with the trend in R_V. Along several lines of sight where the solution is most feasible, A_lambda/A_Ks as a function of Galactic radius is estimated and shown to have a Galactic radial dependence. Our analyses suggest that the observed relationship between extinction curve shape and Galactic longitude is due to an intrinsic dependence of the extinction law on Galactocentric radius., Comment: Accepted to ApJ

Published
2009
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18. Spitzer IRS Observations of Class I/II Objects in Taurus: Composition and Thermal History of the Circumstellar Ices

Author

Zasowski, G., Kemper, F., Watson, Dan M., Furlan, E., Bohac, C. J., Hull, C., and Green, J. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics
Abstract

We present observations of Taurus-Auriga Class I/II protostars obtained with the Spitzer InfraRed Spectrograph. Detailed spectral fits to the 6 and 15 micron features are made, using publicly-available laboratory data, to constrain the molecular composition, abundances, and levels of thermal processing along the lines of sight. We provide an inventory of the molecular environments observed, which have an average composition dominated by water ice with ~12% CO_2 (abundance relative to H_2O), >~2-9% CH_3OH, Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 40 pages, 20 figures

Published
2007
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19. VizieR Online Data Catalog: APOKASC catalog of Kepler red giants (Pinsonneault+, 2014)

Author

Pinsonneault, M. H., Elsworth, Y., Epstein, C., Hekker, S., Meszaros, Sz, Chaplin, W. J., Johnson, J. A., Garcia, R. A., Holtzman, J., Mathur, S., Garcia Perez, A., Silva Aguirre, V., Girardi, L., Basu, S., Shetrone, M., Stello, D., Allende Prieto, C., An, D., Beck, P., Beers, T. C., Bizyaev, D., Bloemen, S., Bovy, J., Cunha, K., Ridder, J., Frinchaboy, P. M., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Gilliland, R., Harding, P., Hearty, F. R., Huber, D., Ivans, I., Thomas Kallinger, Majewski, S. R., Metcalfe, T. S., Miglio, A., Mosser, B., Muna, D., Nidever, D. L., Schneider, D. P., Serenelli, A., Smith, V. V., Tayar, J., Zamora, O., and Zasowski, G.

20. Exploring Stellar Populations and Asteroseismology with APOGEE and Kepler

Author

Epstein, Courtney R., Elsworth, Y. P., Shetrone, M. D., Mosser, B., Tayar, J., Harding, P., Pinsonneault, M. H., Silva Aguirre, V., Sarbani Basu, Bizyaev, D., Bedding, T., Chaplin, W. J., Garcia, R., Garcia Perez, A., Hearty, F., Hekker, S., Huber, D., Ivans, I. I., Majewski, S., Mathur, S., Serenelli, A., Schiavon, R. P., Schoenrich, R., Sobeck, J., Zasowski, G., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etoile, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

21. Discovery of a Metal-Poor Field Giant with a Globular Cluster Second-Generation Abundance Pattern

Author

Fernández-Trincado J.~G., Robin A.~C., Moreno E., Schiavon R.~P., García Peréz A.~E., Vieira K., Cunha K., Zamora O., Sneden C., Souto D., Carrera R., Johnson J.~A., Shetrone M., Zasowski G., García-Hernández D.~A., Majewski S.~R., Reylé C., Blanco-Cuaresma S., Martinez-Medina L.~A., Pérez-Villegas A., Valenzuela O., Pichardo B., Meza A., Mészáros S., and Sobeck J.

Subjects
Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on detection from observations obtained with the APOGEE spectroscopic survey of a metal poor ([Fe/H] =-1.3 dex) field giant star with an extreme Mg Al abundance ratio ([Mg/Fe] =-0.31 dex; [Al/Fe] =1.49 dex). Such low Mg/Al ratios are seen only among the second generation population of globular clusters and are not present among Galactic disk field stars. The light element abundances of this star 2M16011638 1201525 suggest that it could have been born in a globular cluster. We explore several origin scenarios in particular studying the orbit of the star to check the probability of it being kinematically related to known globular clusters. We performed simple orbital integrations assuming the estimated distance of 2M16011638 1201525 and the available six dimensional phase space coordinates of 63 globular clusters looking for close encounters in the past with a minimum distance approach within the tidal radius of each cluster. We found a very low probability that 2M16011638 1201525 was ejected from most globular clusters; however we note that the best progenitor candidate to host this star is globular cluster ? Centauri (NGC 5139). Our dynamical investigation demonstrates that 2M16011638 1201525 reaches a distance |Zmax

22. The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Author

Romina Ahumada, Carlos Allende Prieto, Andrés Almeida, Friedrich Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Brett H. Andrews, Borja Anguiano, Riccardo Arcodia, Eric Armengaud, Marie Aubert, Santiago Avila, Vladimir Avila-Reese, Carles Badenes, Christophe Balland, Kat Barger, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Sarbani Basu, Julian Bautista, Rachael L. Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, B. Izamar T. Benavides, Chad F. Bender, Mariangela Bernardi, Matthew Bershady, Florian Beutler, Christian Moni Bidin, Jonathan Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Guillermo A. Blanc, Michael R. Blanton, Médéric Boquien, Jura Borissova, Jo Bovy, W. N. Brandt, Jonathan Brinkmann, Joel R. Brownstein, Kevin Bundy, Martin Bureau, Adam Burgasser, Etienne Burtin, Mariana Cano-Díaz, Raffaella Capasso, Michele Cappellari, Ricardo Carrera, Solène Chabanier, William Chaplin, Michael Chapman, Brian Cherinka, Cristina Chiappini, Peter Doohyun Choi, S. Drew Chojnowski, Haeun Chung, Nicolas Clerc, Damien Coffey, Julia M. Comerford, Johan Comparat, Luiz da Costa, Marie-Claude Cousinou, Kevin Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Katia Cunha, Gabriele da Silva Ilha, Yu Sophia Dai, Sanna B. Damsted, Jeremy Darling, James W. Davidson, Roger Davies, Kyle Dawson, Nikhil De, Axel de la Macorra, Nathan De Lee, Anna Bárbara de Andrade Queiroz, Alice Deconto Machado, Sylvain de la Torre, Flavia Dell’Agli, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux, Aleksandar M. Diamond-Stanic, Sean Dillon, John Donor, Niv Drory, Chris Duckworth, Tom Dwelly, Garrett Ebelke, Sarah Eftekharzadeh, Arthur Davis Eigenbrot, Yvonne P. Elsworth, Mike Eracleous, Ghazaleh Erfanianfar, Stephanie Escoffier, Xiaohui Fan, Emily Farr, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Diane Feuillet, Alexis Finoguenov, Patricia Fofie, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Sebastien Fromenteau, Hai Fu, Lluís Galbany, Rafael A. Garcia, D. A. García-Hernández, Luis Alberto Garma Oehmichen, Junqiang Ge, Marcio Antonio Geimba Maia, Doug Geisler, Joseph Gelfand, Julian Goddy, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Kathleen Grabowski, Paul Green, Catherine J. Grier, Hong Guo, Julien Guy, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, Adam James Hawken, Christian R. Hayes, Fred Hearty, S. Hekker, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Danny Horta, Jiamin Hou, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Daniel Huber, Jason A. S. Hunt, J. Ider Chitham, Julie Imig, Mariana Jaber, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez Angel, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy M. Jones, Henrik Jönsson, Eric Jullo, Yerim Kim, Karen Kinemuchi, Charles C. Kirkpatrick IV, George W. Kite, Mark Klaene, Jean-Paul Kneib, Juna A. Kollmeier, Hui Kong, Marina Kounkel, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Ivan Lacerna, Ting-Wen Lan, Richard R. Lane, David R. Law, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Henry W. Leung, Hannah Lewis, Cheng Li, Jianhui Lian, Lihwai Lin, Dan Long, Penélope Longa-Peña, Britt Lundgren, Brad W. Lyke, J. Ted Mackereth, Chelsea L. MacLeod, Steven R. Majewski, Arturo Manchado, Claudia Maraston, Paul Martini, Thomas Masseron, Karen L. Masters, Savita Mathur, Richard M. McDermid, Andrea Merloni, Michael Merrifield, Szabolcs Mészáros, Andrea Miglio, Dante Minniti, Rebecca Minsley, Takamitsu Miyaji, Faizan Gohar Mohammad, Benoit Mosser, Eva-Maria Mueller, Demitri Muna, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam D. Myers, Seshadri Nadathur, Preethi Nair, Kirpal Nandra, Janaina Correa do Nascimento, Rebecca Jean Nevin, Jeffrey A. Newman, David L. Nidever, Christian Nitschelm, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Julia E. O’Connell, Matthew D. Olmstead, Daniel Oravetz, Audrey Oravetz, Yeisson Osorio, Zachary J. Pace, Nelson Padilla, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Pedro A. Palicio, Hsi-An Pan, Kaike Pan, James Parker, Romain Paviot, Sebastien Peirani, Karla Peña Ramŕez, Samantha Penny, Will J. Percival, Ismael Perez-Fournon, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Patrick Petitjean, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc Pinsonneault, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Joshua Tyler Povick, Abhishek Prakash, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, M. Jordan Raddick, Anand Raichoor, Amy Ray, Sandro Barboza Rembold, Mehdi Rezaie, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rogério Riffel, Hans-Walter Rix, Annie C. Robin, A. Roman-Lopes, Carlos Román-Zúñiga, Benjamin Rose, Ashley J. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Kate Rowlands, Kate H. R. Rubin, Mara Salvato, Ariel G. Sánchez, Laura Sánchez-Menguiano, José R. Sánchez-Gallego, Conor Sayres, Adam Schaefer, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Jaderson S. Schimoia, Edward Schlafly, David Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel Schwope, Hee-Jong Seo, Aldo Serenelli, Arman Shafieloo, Shoaib Jamal Shamsi, Zhengyi Shao, Shiyin Shen, Matthew Shetrone, Raphael Shirley, Víctor Silva Aguirre, Joshua D. Simon, M. F. Skrutskie, Anže Slosar, Rebecca Smethurst, Jennifer Sobeck, Bernardo Cervantes Sodi, Diogo Souto, David V. Stark, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Dennis Stello, Julianna Stermer, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Alina Streblyanska, Guy S. Stringfellow, Amelia Stutz, Genaro Suárez, Jing Sun, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Michael S. Talbot, Jamie Tayar, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Riley Theriault, Daniel Thomas, Zak C. Thomas, Jeremy Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Hector Hernandez Toledo, Christy A. Tremonti, Nicholas W. Troup, Sarah Tuttle, Eduardo Unda-Sanzana, Marica Valentini, Jaime Vargas-González, Mariana Vargas-Magaña, Jose Antonio Vázquez-Mata, M. Vivek, David Wake, Yuting Wang, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Vivienne Wild, John C. Wilson, Robert F. Wilson, Nathan Wolthuis, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Renbin Yan, Meng Yang, Christophe Yèche, Olga Zamora, Pauline Zarrouk, Gail Zasowski, Kai Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Gongbo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Guangtun Zhu, Hu Zou, Department of Physics, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Astrophysical Sciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Department of Astronomy, Yale University [New Haven], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Sub-department of Astrophysics [Oxford], Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences [La Jolla] (CASS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, St John's University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de FisicaTeorica e IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff], Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Special Care Dentistry, UCLH Eastman Dental Hospital, University of Utah, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], University of Wyoming (UW), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Texas Christian University (TCU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, New Mexico State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), J. A. Baker Institute, Cornell University [New York], Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Institute of Science and Technology [Austria] (IST Austria), Universidad de Atacama, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Institute of cosmology and gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique [Bruxelles] (IAA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement/Océanologie [Liège], Université de Liège, Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Montana State University (MSU), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy (Ohio State University), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Sorbonne Université (SU), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Washington [Seattle], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Stellar Astrophysics Centre [Aarhus] (SAC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale (LBM), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Instituto de Astronomıa, universidad catolica del Norte, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Toronto], World Bank, State Key Laboratory in Computer Science [Beijing] (SKLCS), Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Virginia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institute of Science and Technology [Klosterneuburg, Austria] (IST Austria), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Laboratoire d'études 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Sloan Foundation, and Department of Energy (US)

Subjects
Optical telescopes, SAMPLE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Infrared astronomy, Observatory, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, REDSHIFT 0.8, redshift surveys, stellar spectral lines, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Astronomy databases, Redshift surveys, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, stellar properties, CATALOG, astro-ph.CO, astronomy databases, Data release, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], infrared astonomy, TELESCOPE, astro-ph.GA, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, MASS, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Galactic abundances, Stellar properties, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, DISTANCES, Stellar spectral lines, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, optical telescopes, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Galaxy, GALAXY, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], STELLAR, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], galactic abundances, MILKY, astro-ph.IM, SDSS-IV MANGA
Abstract

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)., Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss.org.

Published
2020

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