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Communication between normal people and deaf people is the most difficult part of daily life worldwide. It is difficult for a normal person to understand a word from the deaf one in their daily routine. So, to communicate with deaf people, different countries developed different sign languages to make communication easy. In Pakistan, for deaf people, the government developed Urdu Sign Language to communicate with deaf people. Physical trainers and experts are difficult to provide everywhere in society, so we need such a computer/mobile-based system to convert the deaf sign symbol into voice and written alphabet that the normal person can easily get the intentions of the deaf one. In this paper, we provided an image processing and deep learning-based model for Urdu Sign Language. The proposed model is implemented in Python 3 and uses different image processing and machine techniques to capture the video and transform the symbols into voice and Urdu writing. First, we get a video from the deaf person, and then the model crops the frames into pictures. Then, the individual picture is recognized for the sign symbol such as if the deaf showed a symbol for one, then the model recognizes it and shows the letter which he/she wants to tell. Image processing techniques such as OpenCV are used for image recognition and classification while TensorFlow and linear regression are used for training the model to behave intelligently in the future. The results show that the proposed model increased accuracy from 80% to 97% and 100% accordingly. The accuracy of the previously available work was 80% when we implemented the algorithms, while with the proposed algorithm, when we used linear regression, we achieved the highest accuracy. Similarly, when we used the TensorFlow deep learning algorithm, we achieved 97% accuracy which was less than that of the linear regression model.

Background: Dengue virus is transmitted via Aedes mosquito to humans, and results in various clinical signs and symptoms ranging from an asymptomatic infection to mild flu-like symptoms and fatal haemorrhagic fever. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of non-medical employees of the Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, FSD. Results: Our results indicate that non-medical employees of Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, FSD Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, FSD showed a satisfactory level of knowledge, and high percentage of positive attitude and practices towards dengue prevention. A significant relation was established between knowledge related to dengue prevention and level of education. Conclusion: Future endeavours for health education related to dengue prevention should focus on people with lower level of education. Keywords: Dengue, KAP study, Correlation &nbsp

Objective Few studies have looked at the predictors of use of home sphygmomanometers among hypertensive patients in low-income countries such as Pakistan. Considering the importance of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM), cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of the usage of all kinds of HBPM devices. Method This study was conducted in Karachi during the time period of January-February 2017. Adult patients previously diagnosed with hypertension visiting tertiary care hospitals were selected for the study. Interviews from the individuals were conducted after verbal consent using a pre-coded questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v. 23.0 (SPSS, IBM Corporation, NY, USA). Chi-squared test was applied as the primary statistical test. Results More than half of the participants used a home sphygmomanometer (n=250, 61.7%). The age, level of education, family history of hypertension, compliance to drugs and blood pressure (BP) monitoring, few times a month at clinics were significant determinants of HBPM (P values < 0.001). It was found that more individuals owned a digital sphygmomanometer (n=128, 51.3%) as compared to a manual type (n=122, 48.8%). Moreover, avoiding BP measurement in a noisy environment was the most common precaution taken (n=117, 46.8%). Conclusion The study showed that around 40% of the hypertensive individuals did not own a sphygmomanometer and less than 25% performed HBPM regularly. General awareness by healthcare professionals can be a possible factor which can increase HBPM.