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Ectopic expression of FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER (FYF) delays floral senescence and abscission in transgenic Arabidopsis. To analyze the FYF function in Phalaenopsis orchids, two FYF-like genes (PaFYF1/2) were identified. PaFYF1/2 were highly expressed in young Phalaenopsis flowers, and their expression decreased significantly afterward until flower senescence. This pattern was strongly correlated with the process of flower senescence and revealed that PaFYF1/2 function to suppress senescence/abscission during early flower development. Interestingly, in flowers, PaFYF1 was consistently expressed less in petals than in lips/sepals, whereas PaFYF2 was expressed relatively evenly in all flower organs. This difference suggests a regulatory modification of the functions of PaFYF1 and PaFYF2 during Phalaenopsis flower evolution. Delayed flower senescence and abscission, which were unaffected by ethylene treatment, were observed in 35S::PaFYF1/2 and 35S::PaFYF1/2 + SRDX transgenic Arabidopsis plants due to the downregulation of the ethylene signaling and abscission-associated genes EDF1-4, IDA and BOP1/2. These results suggest a possible repressor role for Phalaenopsis PaFYF1/2 in controlling floral senescence/abscission by suppressing ethylene signaling and abscission-associated genes. To further validate the function of PaFYF1/2, PaFYF1/2-VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) Phalaenopsis were generated and analyzed. Promotion of senescence and abscission was observed in PaFYF1/2-VIGS Phalaenopsis flowers by the upregulation of PeEDF1/2, PeSAG39 and PeBOP1/2 expression, the early occurrence of greening according to their increased chlorophyll content and the reduction in water content in flower organs. Our results support that PaFYF1/2 function as transcriptional repressors to prohibit flower senescence and abscission in Phalaenopsis.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Vasopressin is administered to critically ill patients with potential intestinal I/R. However, the impacts of vasopressin on intestinal epithelia under ischemic/anoxic conditions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of terlipressin, a highly selective vasopressin V1 receptor agonist, on oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). IEC-6 cells were subjected to OGD for 4 h, followed by 4 h re-oxygenation. Terlipressin was incubated with cells for 4 h following OGD. Following OGD/R, IEC-6 cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle dynamics, were assessed and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and 15-F2t-isoprostane in the culture medium were measured. In addition, wortmannin, a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, was administrated to investigate the mechanism of terlipressin action. The results demonstrated that IEC-6 cell viability and proliferation decreased, and cell apoptosis increased, following OGD/R. However, IEC-6 cell cycle dynamics did not significantly change 4 h after OGD. Incubation with 25 nM terlipressin significantly improved cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, terlipressin inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and 15-F2t-isoprostane from IEC-6 cells following OGD/R. The aforementioned effects of terlipressin were completely abolished following the application of 2 µM wortmannin. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that terlipressin administration following OGD attenuates OGD/R-induced cell damage via the PI3K signaling pathway. These results may help physicians to better understand and more effectively use terlipressin in a clinical setting.

Fuel thermal reactor is a widely used power equipment, aiming current development of small and medium thermal reactor fuel, to accelerate the transformation of technology, in order to save energy, reduce pollution, improve fuel thermal reactor thermal efficiency purposes, fuel thermal reactor thermal efficiency calculation method of analysis to further improve the system provides a theoretical basis. This paper derived fuel melt through the use of anti-tank heat balance method efficiency and heat transfer efficiency is equal to the product of the combustion efficiency of the new expression minus the fixed loss calculation, verification of the results with conventional counterbalance subtraction formula identical results.

In order to replace the human being under water, a Manipulator with three degrees of freedom is designed to work under water for 200 m. The Manipulator made of aluminum alloy as the body material, and the shell is designed as a cylinder. So as to make full use of the internal space and reducing the movement resistance, At the same time, the high pressures resistance of the whole structure is improved. The static analysis and calculation on the shoulder, elbow and hand are carried out and the driving module is selected; Using Solidworks to create 3D solid model, and the finite element simulation analysis of the claw is carried out. Manipulator seal is divided into two kinds: Static seal using O ring seal, dynamic seal using magnetic seal. The simulation results show that the design meets the requirements and the structure is reliable.

Aims This study was aimed to exploit the role of heme oxygenase Hmx1 and the potential miRNA mechanisms in the kidney injuries induced by urinary tract infection by Candida species/Candidemia. Main methods We employed a mouse model of systemic Candidiasis by injection of the Candida albicans strain SC5314 into C57BL/6 mice. Kidney injuries were assessed by measuring serum cystatin C (CysC), serum β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Validation of miRNA target gene was conducted by luciferase reporter gene assay, Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. Key findings We showed here that Candidemia caused significant downregulation of microRNAs miR-204 and miR-211. In sharp contrast, Hmx1 expression was remarkably upregulated, particularly at the protein level. Computational analysis predicted Hmx1 as a target gene for both miR-204 and miR-211 that share the same seed site sequence. We then experimentally validated the targeting relationship between miR-204/miR-211 and Hmx1, which explains the reciprocal changes of expression of miR-204/miR-211 and Hmx1 in Candidemia. Administration of miR-204/miR-211 mimics substantially downregulated Hmx1 and mitigated the severity of the kidney injuries induced by Candidemia, as reflected by improved renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined by serum cystatin C (CysC), serum β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Knockdown of miR-204/miR-211 worsened while forced expression of miR-204/miR-211 ameliorated kidney injuries in mice with systemic Candidiasis. Significance Our findings indicate that miR-204/miR-211 downregulation accounts at least partially for the Hmx1 upregulation and the miR-204/miR-211–Hmx1 signaling axis may contribute to immune-suppression in the host thereby the Candidemia-induced kidney dysfunction.