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High-mobility van der Waals ambipolar semiconductors are promising in logic and reconfigurable circuits, integrated optoelectronic circuits, due to the excellent gate-controlled capability and effectively tunability of major charge carriers by electrostatic field. Controllable growth of high-quality ambipolar semiconductors with high mobility and stability is highly glamorous and indispensable for further research. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward space-confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to synthesize high-quality quasi-one-dimensional (1D) tellurium (Te) nanoribbons (NRs). By introducing H2 into the gas flow, endothermic compound H2Te was generated from the reaction of liquid Te with H2, and consequently decomposed into elemental Te at low temperature. Further, the Te NRs have been utilized for in-situ fabrication of field-effect transistors (FETs) without transferring process. Ambipolar features are achieved using nickel (Ni) as an ohmic contact. More importantly, the mobilities of the Te NR transistor for hole/electron are as high as 1755/28.6 cm2V−1s−1 and 4024/278 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature and under a temperature below 20 K, respectively. Our findings confirm the novel strategy for synthesizing 1D elemental semiconductors and their applications with ambipolar behaviors. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) National Research Foundation (NRF) Submitted/Accepted version The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB2008501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61974120 and 11904289), Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2020ZDLGY04-08, 2020GXLH-Z-027, and 2021JZ-43), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2023-JC-YB-495 and 2022JQ-659), the Key Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province (2018KWZ-08), the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (202003N4003), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3102019PY004, 31020190QD010, and 3102019JC004), the start-up funds from Northwestern Polytechnical University, and open research fund of the State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays. This work was also supported by National Research Foundation–Competitive Research Program NRF-CRP22-2019-0007 and NRF-CRP21-2018-0007, and supported by A*STAR under its AME IRG Grant (Project No. A2083c0052).

Wireless networks are experiencing a surge in demand for data bandwidth, necessitating higher performance and faster data rates. However, conventional signal processing techniques are inadequate for potential future developments that require the use of higher carrier frequencies. The terahertz region of the spectrum has become an increasingly prominent area of research for wireless communication applications. However, components commonly utilized for lower frequency ranges exhibit inefficiencies and significant losses when operating at terahertz frequencies. Furthermore, the miniaturization of antenna sizes to the micrometer scale has made the concept of perfect electric conductor ineffective in the terahertz range. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a reference system of electromagnetic devices. Due to the essential role of polarization in wireless communication and the convenient and widely used properties of wire-grid polarizers, this article establishes a reference for the polarization effect of wire grid polarizers and obtains their optimal parameters. The optimal parameters are 61.58 μm distance, 20 μm thickness and 20 μm width within the frequency band from 0.5 THz to 0.75 THz. We proposed a three-layer structure consisting of copper wire-grids, monolayer graphene, and silicon dioxide substrate to combine the remarkable electromagnetic properties of graphene with wire-grids polarizer. The resulting graphene-enhanced polarizer achieved excellent polarization improvement, with a strongly reduced S21 transmission magnitude up to − 55 dB compared to the case without graphene, representing an approximately 20 dB decrease.

Idrees, Muhammad, Zhang, Zhiyong, Jiao, Yongqing, Zheng, Xu (2022): Two new replacement names for Dracaena serrulata Baker and D. robusta Ridley (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae). Phytotaxa 561 (2): 215-218, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.10

Delphinium yui M. Idrees & Z.Y. Zhang, nom. nov. Replaced name:— Delphinium omeiense W.T. Wang (1979b: 613) var. pubescens W.T. Wang (1979b: 614). Delphinium pubescens (W.T.Wang) W.T.Wang (2020: 137), nom. illeg., non Delphinium pubescens DC. (1805: 641). Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Muli Country, Woosi, margins of the woods near stream, alt. 2600 m, 19 Aug. 1937 T.T. Yü 14022 (holotype PE-00934974!, isotypes A00109013!, PE-00934975!). Etymology:—The specific epithet “ yui ” is name after Tse-Tsun Yü who collected the type specimen., Published as part of Zhang, Zhiyong, Idrees, Muhammad & Dc, D., 2023, Delphinium yui, a new replacement name for D. pubescens (Ranunculaceae), pp. 217-218 in Phytotaxa 600 (3) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/8080897, {"references":["462. Wang, W. T. (1979 b) Addenda. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 603 - 621. Wang, W. T. & Warnock, M. J. (2001) Delphinium Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (eds.) Flora of China, vol. 6 (Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae). Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 223 - 274. Wang, W. T. (2020) A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (II). Guihaia 20 (Suppl.): 1 - 254. Xie, L. (2016) Delphinium L. In: Wei, F. N. (Ed.) Medical Flora of China, vol. 3. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp. 167 - 205. Yin, T., Cai, L. & Ding, Z. (2020) An overview of the chemical constituents from the genus Delphinium reported in the last four decades."]}

Zhang, Zhiyong, Idrees, Muhammad, Dc, D. (2023): Delphinium yui, a new replacement name for D. pubescens (Ranunculaceae). Phytotaxa 600 (3): 217-218, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.8

Robustness in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) remains one of the key challenges for the real-world deployment of autonomous systems. SLAM research has seen significant progress in the last two and a half decades, yet many state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms still struggle to perform reliably in real-world environments. There is a general consensus in the research community that we need challenging real-world scenarios which bring out different failure modes in sensing modalities. In this paper, we present a novel multi-modal indoor SLAM dataset covering challenging common scenarios that a robot will encounter and should be robust to. Our data was collected with a mobile robotics platform across multiple floors at Northeastern University's ISEC building. Such a multi-floor sequence is typical of commercial office spaces characterized by symmetry across floors and, thus, is prone to perceptual aliasing due to similar floor layouts. The sensor suite comprises seven global shutter cameras, a high-grade MEMS inertial measurement unit (IMU), a ZED stereo camera, and a 128-channel high-resolution lidar. Along with the dataset, we benchmark several SLAM algorithms and highlight the problems faced during the runs, such as perceptual aliasing, visual degradation, and trajectory drift. The benchmarking results indicate that parts of the dataset work well with some algorithms, while other data sections are challenging for even the best SOTA algorithms. The dataset is available at https://github.com/neufieldrobotics/NUFR-M3F.

Lectotypifications of 16 names in Rubus subg. Idaeobatus (Rubus adenophorus, R. alnifoliolatus, R. austro-tibetanus, R. cockburnianus, R. coreanus var. nakaianus, R. croceacanthus, R. delavayi, R. idaeopsis, R. innominatus var. kuntzeanus, R. megalothyrsus, R. polytrichus, R. pileatus, R. sachalinensis, R. tephrodes, R. trianthus, R. wilsonii), 12 names in R. subg. Malachobatus (R. calycacanthus, R. doyonensis, R. feddei, R. flagelliflorus, R. forrestianus, R. hemithyrsus, R. malifolius, R. rufus var. palmatifidus, R. setchuenensis, R. ourosepalus, R. polyodontus, R. viburnifolius), and one name in R. subg. Chamaebatus (R. calycinus) are proposed and discussed. Two new names, R. neomultisetosus and R. neovicarius, are proposed to replace for the illegitimate names, R. multisetosus Yü & Lu and R. vicarius Focke ex Sargent, a later homonym of R. multisetosus Progel and R. vicarius Sudre.

We report the calibration of a gaseous Time Projection Chamber based on Micromegas charge readout modules with cosmic ray muons, utilizing their penetrating power and relatively uniform energy deposition per unit length. Muon events were selected through track reconstruction to characterize detector performances, such as the drift velocity, electron lifetime, detector gain, and electric field distortion. The evolution of detector performances with gas purities and electric drift fields over a 50-day data-taking cycle was measured by the muon calibration method. For instance, the drift velocity degraded with gas impurities from ${3.40\pm 0.07 ~ cm/\mu s}$ to ${3.06\pm 0.06 ~ cm/\mu s}$, and then recovered with gas purification. A ${^{137}Cs}$ calibration source was also placed inside the detector as a reference for muon calibrations.

Polymer-sorted high-density carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have shown great potential to extend the silicon-based Moore's law. Imaging the CNT arrays on insulators like SiO2/Si using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) to acquire array information like the alignment, density, and distribution of residual polymers is necessary. Such a task remains challenging due to the nanoscale CNT body (1-2 nm in diameter), nanoscale tube-to-tube separation (1-10 nm), the broadening of the apparent diameter, and the complex image contrast caused by the insulating substrate and polymer residues. In this study, the imaging mechanism for this system is investigated. Two methods are developed to separate the three dominant contrasts, i.e. topographic contrast, charge contrast, and material contrast, by selecting the take-off angle and energy of the emitted electrons as enabled by changing the working distance or the deceleration voltage. The contrast formation and separation mechanism is further confirmed by the dynamic contrast evolution due to the electron-beam-induced deposition of amorphous carbon. The contrast separation method is further applied to an individual CNT, reducing its apparent diameter from 36 nm to 6 nm. This result hints at the potential for LVSEM to count the density exceeding 150 CNTs/um of CNT arrays. Finally, a comparative study of LVSEM and transmission electron microscopy confirms the failure of LVSEM to resolve CNTs in a bundle. The results suggest that the density of CNT arrays may be underestimated in reported SEM data. The proposed method can serve as a useful tool for further study and application of arrayed CNTs., 25 pages, 9 figures main text. 5 pages, 6 figures supplementary materials

Saussurea delavayi Franch. (Fig. 5) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 355 (Franchet 1888). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan, in monte Tsangchan, supra Tali, alt. 4000 m, 3.VIII.1884, J.M. Delavay 996 (lecto-, P[P00602833]!; isolecto-, A[A00011748]!, K [K000786464]!, P[P00602834]!). REMARKS Franchet (1888) described S. delavayi without designating any specimen as holotype but cited two specimens (Delavay 691 and Delavay 996) in the protologue, but, since then, no author has designated a lectotype, even inadvertently (Art. 7.11 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018) and all these collections should be regarded as syntypes (ICN; Art. 9.6, Turland et al. 2018). According to Stafleu & Cowan (1976), Franchet worked at P and Delavay’s specimens were deposited in K and P. Eight original materials were traced, two of them “ Delavay 691 ” deposited in P (P00602835, P00602836), and four of them “ Delavay 996 ” in A (A00011748), K (K000786464), and P (P00602833, P00602834). According to Art. 9.12 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018) one of them should be chosen as the lectotype. Among these collections, the one sheet “ Delavay 996 ” in P (P00602833) is a perfect match to the description given in the protologue, thus, this blooming specimen is selected here as the lectotype., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","STAFLEU F. A. & COWAN R. S. 1976. - Taxonomic Literature: a Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections with Dates, Commentaries and Types. Volume I: A-G. Regnum Vegetabile 137. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631"]}

Saussurea souliei Franch. Bulletin annuel de la Société philomatique de Paris (Paris), sér. 8, 3: 147 (Franchet 1891). LECTOTYPE (designated by Yu et al. 2014). — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan), c. Ta-tsien-lou, J.A. Soulié 95 (lecto-, P[P00602908]!; isolecto-, K[K000786473]!, P[P00602909, P00602910, P006029011]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 131, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1891. - Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles provenant d'une collection de plantes du Thibet chinois envoyee au Museum par M. L'Abbe Soulie. Bulletin de la Societe philomatique de Paris 3: 140 - 150.","YU W. B., WANG H. & LI D. Z. 2014. - Typification of sixteen plant names described by Franchet in 1891. Plant Diversity & Resources 36 (5): 590 - 594."]}

Saussurea scaposa Franch. & Sav. Enumeratio Plantarum in Japonia sponte Crescentium 2: 480 (Franchet & Savatier 1878). Saussurea reinii Franch., Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 5: 539 (Franchet 1897). — Theodorea scaposa Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 1: 368 (Kuntze 1891). TYPE SPECIMEN. — Japan. Kiusiu: in principatu Satzuma, in monte Kiri Shima, 1.V.1875, P.A.L. Savatier 3545 (holo-, P[P00484376]!).

Saussurea pachyneura Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 354 (Franchet 1894). Saussurea bodinieri H.Lév., Bulletin de géographie botanique 25: 19 (Léveillé 1915). — Saussurea calophylla Hand. -Mazz., Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 12: 332 (Handel-Mazzetti 1938). — Saussurea leontodontoides (DC.) Hand. -Mazz., Symbolae Sinicae 7 (4): 1155 (Handel-Mazzetti 1936a). — Saussurea sikangensis F.H.Chen, Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 8: 122 (Chen 1938). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) occidentalis, montagnes de Tongolo, J.A. Soulié 165 (holo-, P[P00602886]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062","LEVEILLE H. 1915. - Flora missionnaria asiatica. Bulletin de geographie botanique 25: 13 - 26. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2931952","CHEN F. H. 1938. - The study of Chinese Saussurea IV: Saussurea novae Sinensis. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 8: 119 - 128."]}

Saussurea semilyrata Bureau & Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 5: 76 (Bureau & Franchet 1891). Saussurea lanata Y.L.Chen & S.Yun Liang, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 19 (1): 96 (Chen et al. 1981). — Saussurea stoetzneriana Diels, Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 12: 513 (Diels 1922). — Saussurea viridibracteata F.H.Chen, Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 8: 125 (Chen 1938). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Province de Se-tchuen (Sichuan), sur les montagnes près de Ta-tsien-lou, P.G.E. Bonvalot 559 (holo-, P[P00289140]!; iso-, P[P00602907]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["BUREAU E. & FRANCHET A. 1891. - Plantes nouvelles du Thibet et de la Chine occidentale. Journal de Botanique 5: 69 - 77. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3042517","CHEN Y. L., LIANG S. Y. & PAN K. Y. 1981. - Taxa nova compositarum e flora Xizangensi (Tibetica). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 19 (1): 85 - 106. https: // www. jse. ac. cn / EN / Y 1981 / V 19 / I 1 / 85","DIELS F. L. E. 1922. - Aufzahlung der von Dr. Limpricht in Ostasien gesammelten Pflanzen. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 12: 298 - 515. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33526306","CHEN F. H. 1938. - The study of Chinese Saussurea IV: Saussurea novae Sinensis. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 8: 119 - 128."]}

Saussurea chetchozensis Franch. (Fig. 2) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 359 (Franchet 1888). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan, in umbrosis montis Che-tcho-tze, supra Tapin-tze, alt. 2000 m, 15.X.1886, J.M. Delavay 2510 (lecto-, P[P00602821]!; isolecto-, P[P00602822, P00602823]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1888) mentioned the following locality information: “ Yunnan, in umbrosis montis Che-tchotze, supra Tapin-tze, alt. 2000 m (Delavay 2510 and Delavay 605)”, without designating any specimen as holotype. Lipschitz (1964) selected the specimen “ Delavay 2510” as type [first-step], which is considered an inadvertent lectotyification according to Art. 7.11 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Three original materials were traced in P (P00602821, P00602822, P00602823). According to ICN, Arts 9.6, and Art. 40, Note 1 (Turland et al. 2018), none of them can be treated as holotype, but should be regarded as syntypes. After careful examination of all the sheets deposited in P and labels with Red tag “TYPE”, it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype (ICN; Art. 9.17 Turland et al. 2018). We designate here the blooming specimen “ Delavay 2510 ” in P (P00602821) as the lectotype [second-step]. Since P00602821 is morphologically complete and well-preserved specimen that displays all the morphological diagnostic traits in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 118, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","LIPSCHITZ S. 1964. - Ad cognitionem generis Saussurea, 1. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 1: 314 - 328 [in Russian].","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea lampsanifolia Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 357 (Franchet 1888). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Yunnan: in silvaticis supra Tapin-tze, 7.IX.1882, J.M. Delavay 604 (holo-, P[P00602863]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498"]}

Saussurea fauriei Franch. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 5: 542 (Franchet 1897). TYPE SPECIMEN. — Japan. Insula Yeso, Saruma secus littora, 21.VIII.1892, U.J. Faurie 8579 (holo-, P[P00484391]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1897. - Expose synoptique des Saussurea de la flore du Japon, in AUTRAN E. (ed.), Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier. Vol. 5. Imprimerie Romet, Geneve: 534 - 546. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33657344"]}

Saussurea lingulata Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 10: 423 (Franchet 1896b). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Yunnan occidentalis: in montibus ad vicinitatem fluvii Mékong, H. d’Orléans s.n. (holo-, P[P00602871]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1896 b. - Compositae novae e flora sinensi. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 10: 409 - 423. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8856269"]}

Saussurea spatulifolia Franch. (Fig. 11) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 338 (1888). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan: in rupibus regionis altissimae tractus Likiang Suesschan, alt. 4500 m, 14.VIII.1886, J.M. Delavay 2101 (lecto-, P[P00602912]!; isolecto-, P[P00602913]!). REMARKS S. spatulifolia was described by Franchet (1888) who cited one collection (Delavay 2121) as type in the protologue, without indicating the herbaria where the specimen was deposited. Lipschitz (1962) cited TYPUS: (Delavay 2101), in P [first-step], which is considered an inadvertent lectotyification according to Art. 7.11 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We located two duplicate specimens in P (barcode 00602912-00602913). According to ICN, Arts 9.6, and 40 Note 1 (Turland et al. 2018), none of them can be treated as holotype, but should be regarded as syntypes. We designate here the blooming specimen “ Delavay 2101 ” in P (P00602912) as the lectotype [second-step], in accordance with Art. 9.17 (ICN; Turland et al. 2018), since it is morphologically complete and well-preserved specimen that displays all the morphological diagnostic traits in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 131, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","LIPSCHITZ S. (ed.) 1962. - Saussurea DC., in Flora of USSR. Vol. 27. Leningrad: 356 - 530.","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea dzeurensis Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 339 (Franchet 1894). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, dans les éboulis de rochers de la montagne de Dzeura, VIII.1891, J.A. Soulié 158 (holo-, P[P00602841]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062"]}

Saussurea yunnanensis Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 340 (Franchet 1888). Saussurea mairei H.Lév., Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis 11: 493 (Léveillé 1913). — Saussurea vaginata Dunn, Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 35: 510 (Dunn 1903). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) occidentalis, montagnes de Tongolo, J.A. Soulié 165 (holo-, P[P00602886]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 136, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","LEVEILLE H. 1913. - LXXVIII. Decades plantarum novarum. CI- CIII. Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis 11: 492 - 496. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 237664","DUNN S. T. 1903. - Descriptions of new Chinese plants. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 35: 483 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1903. tb 00699. x"]}

Saussurea brachycephala Franch. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 5: 540 (Franchet 1897). TYPE SPECIMEN. — Japan. Insula Nippon, Prov. Nambu, in monte Ganju, 28.VIII.1894, U. Faurie 13684 (holo-, P[P00484374]!; iso-, P[P00484375]!, MO[MO-2140521]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 118, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1897. - Expose synoptique des Saussurea de la flore du Japon, in AUTRAN E. (ed.), Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier. Vol. 5. Imprimerie Romet, Geneve: 534 - 546. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33657344"]}

Saussurea romuleifolia Franch. (Fig. 10) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 339 (Franchet 1888). Saussurea romuleifolia f. pumila Lipsch., Byulleten’ Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 76 (4): 79 (Lipschitz 1971b). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan: in dumetis montis Che-tzo-tze, supra Tapin-tze, 23.VIII.1883, J.M. Delavay 490 (lecto-, P[P00705566]!; isolecto-, P[P00705567]!). REMARKS Franchet (1888) mentioned three localities in the protologue “ Yunnan, Likiang in collibus calcareis (Delavay s.n.); “in dumetis montis Che-tzo-tze, supra Tapin-tze (Delavay 490); “in pratis siccis calcareis montis Hee-chan-men, prope Lankong, alt. 2300 m (Delavay 1005 and Delavay 58)” in the protologue, but did not indicate any holotype specimen. The online database such as Tropicos (http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50005742, accessed 30 Dec. 2021) cited “ G. Forrest 12 ” kept in E as “Type”, which is considered an inadvertent lectotyification according to Art. 7.11 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We located six original materials deposited in K & P and all these collections should be regarded as syntypes (Art. 9.6 of ICN; Turland et al. 2018). After careful examination of all these collections, which have been deposited in P, it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype, in accordance with Art. 9.12 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We designate here the blooming specimen“ Delavay 490 ” in P (P00705566) as the lectotype. The selected sheet bears a complete and well-preserved specimen that displays all the morphological diagnostic traits in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","LIPSCHITZ S. 1971 b. - Saussurea romuleifolia f. pumila Lipsch. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, Moscow 76 (4): 79.","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea ciliaris Franch. (Fig. 3) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 357 (Franchet 1888). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan, ad collum Yen-tzehay, supra Lankong, alt. 3500 m, 27.VIII.1886, J.M. Delavay 2105 (lecto-, P[P00705417]!; isolecto-, A[A00011743]!, K [K000786459, K000786460]!, P[P00705415, P00705416, P00705418, P00705419, P00705420]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1888) cited one collection: “ Yunnan, ad collum Yen-tze-hay, supra Lankong, alt. 3500 m, “ Delavay 2105 ” as the type [first-step], without indicating the herbaria where the specimen was deposited. According to Stafleu & Cowan (1976), Franchet worked at P and Delavay’s specimens were deposited in K and P. We located nine original materials of “ Delavay 2105 ”, which have been deposited in A, K and P, and should be regarded as syntypes (Arts 9.6, and 40 Note 1 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). The original materials in P all bear the informations “ Syntype Saussurea ciliaris Franch. ” as well as Delavay’s annotation; hence it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype (Art. 9.17 of ICN; Turland et al. 2018). We here designate the blooming specimen “ Delavay 2105 ” in P (P00705417) as the lectotype [second-step]. The selected sheet is a perfect match to the description, locality and altitute that displays all the morphological diagnostic traits in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 118, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","STAFLEU F. A. & COWAN R. S. 1976. - Taxonomic Literature: a Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections with Dates, Commentaries and Types. Volume I: A-G. Regnum Vegetabile 137. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea sutchuenensis Franch. (Fig. 13) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 (Franchet 1894). Saussurea dutaillyana Franch. var. macrocephala (Ling) X.Y.Wu, Flora Tsinlingensis 1 (5): 360 (Wu 1985). — Saussurea rufostrigillosa Ling, Contributions from the Institute of Botany. National Academy of Peiping 3: 168 (Ling 1935). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, montagnes de Tchen-kéou, P.G. Farges s.n. (lecto-, P[P00602916]!; isolecto-, P[P00602917]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1894) mentioned the locality information: “Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, montagnes de Tchen-kéou (P.G. Farges s.n.)”. When describing S. sutchuenensis Franch. Lipschitz (1966) cited the specimen “ P.G. Farges s.n. ” kept in P as the type [first-step]. We located two duplicate specimens of “ P.G. Farges s.n. ”, in P, and the name S. sutchuenensis needs lectotypification, according to Art. 9.17 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Among these duplicate sheets, the one sheet “ P.G. Farges s.n. ” in P (P00602916) is a perfect match to the description given in the protologue, thus, this blooming specimen selected here as the lectotype., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 131, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062","WU X. Y. 1985. - Saussurea oligantha Franch. var. oligolepis (Y. Ling) X. Y. Wu. Flora Tsinlingensis 1 (5): 361.","LING Y. 1935. - Les Composees chinoises de l'herbier de l'academie de Peiping. Contributions from the Institute of Botany, National Academy of Peiping 3: 123 - 220.","LIPSCHITZ S. 1966. - A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Saussurea, 2. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 51: 1494 - 1499 [in Russian].","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea macrota Franch. (Fig. 8) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 343 (Franchet 1894). Saussurea auriculata Hemsl., Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 29: 308 (Hemsley 1892). — Saussurea macrota var. papyracea S.Ju. Lipschitz, Rod Saussurea: 210 (Lipschitz 1979). — Saussurea hemsleyana Hand. -Mazz., Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 13: 647 (Handel-Mazzetti 1937). — Saussurea otophylla Diels, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 36 (5, Beibl. 82): 109 (Diels 1905). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, sur les montagnes de Tchen-Kéou-tin, alt. 2500 m, P.G. Farges s.n. (lecto-, P[P00602874]!; isolecto-, P[P00602875]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1894) mentioned the following locality information: “Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, sur les montagnes de Tchen-Kéou-tin, alt. 2500 m (P.G. Farges s.n.) as the type, without indicating the herbaria where the specimen was deposited. Lipschitz (1964) cited TYPUS: Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, sur les montagnes de Tchen-Kéou-tin, alt. 2500 m “ P.G. Farges s.n. ” in P [first-step], which is considered an inadvertent lectotyification according to Art. 7.11 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We traced two duplicate specimens in P (P00602874, P00602875). According to ICN, Arts 9.6, and 40, Note 1 (Turland et al. 2018), none of them can be treated as holotype, but should be regarded as syntypes. After careful examination of two sheets deposited in P, it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype (ICN; Art. 9.17, Turland et al. 2018). We designate here the blooming specimen “ P.G. Farges s.n. ” in P (P00602874) as the lectotype [second-step]. The selected sheet is morphologically complete and well-preserved specimen that displays all the morphological diagnostic traits in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062","HEMSLEY W. B. 1892. - Observations on a botanical collection made by Mr. A. E. Pratt in western China, with descriptions of some new Chinese plants from various collections. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 29: 298 - 321. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 227385","LIPSCHITZ S. 1979. - Genus Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Nauka, Sectio Leninopolitana, Leningrad: 1 - 283 [in Russian].","DIELS F. L. E. 1905. - Beitrage zur Flora des Tsin ling shan und andere Zusatze zur Flora von Central-China. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 36 (Beibl. 82): 1 - 142. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5182881","LIPSCHITZ S. 1964. - Ad cognitionem generis Saussurea, 1. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 1: 314 - 328 [in Russian].","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea caudata Franch. Bulletin annuel de la Société philomatique de Paris (Paris) sér. 8, 3: 147 (Franchet 1891). LECTOTYPE (designated by Yu et al. 2014). — China. Su-tchuen (Sichuan) Oriental: c. Ta-tsien-lou, 1893, J.A. Soulié 74 (lecto-, P[P00289136]!; isolecto-, K [K000035689]!, P[P00289137, P00602817, P00602818]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 118, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1891. - Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles provenant d'une collection de plantes du Thibet chinois envoyee au Museum par M. L'Abbe Soulie. Bulletin de la Societe philomatique de Paris 3: 140 - 150.","YU W. B., WANG H. & LI D. Z. 2014. - Typification of sixteen plant names described by Franchet in 1891. Plant Diversity & Resources 36 (5): 590 - 594."]}

Saussurea virgata Franch. (Fig. 15) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 340 (1888). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan, dans les prairies humides au pied du Tsang-Chan, alt. 2800 m, 25.IX.1888, J.M. Delavay 3617 (lecto-, P[P00602943]!; isolecto-, P[P00602944, P00602945]!). REMARKS Franchet (1888) described S. virgata without designating any specimen as holotype, but cited two collections (Delavay 3617 and Delavay 3201) in the protologue, but, since then, no author has designated a lectotype, even inadvertently (Art. 7.11 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). Six original materials were traced in P, three of them “ Delavay 3617 ” in P (P00602928, P00602929, P00602942), and three of them “ Delavay 3201 ” in P (P00602943, P00602944, P00602945). According to Art. 9.6 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018), all these collections should be regarded as syntypes. All the original materials in P bear the informations “ Syntype S. virgata Franch. ” as well as Delavay annotations, from which lectotype could be chosen (Art. 9.12 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). Herein, we designate the sheet “ Delavay 3617 ” in P (P00602943) as the lectotype. The selected herbarium specimen is well preserved and comprises a stem, many leaves with numerous flowers and inflorescence which fully agree with both the description and the current application of the name., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 136, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea ussuriensis var. mongolica Franch. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), sér. 2, 6: 61 (Franchet 1883). ACCEPTED NAME. — Saussurea mongolica Franch. (Franchet 1883: 61), Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 5 (7): 539 (Franchet 1897). LECTOTYPE (designated by Smirnov 2004). — China. Hebei: Gehol [Chengde Co.], VIII.1864, A. David 2141 (lecto-, P[P00602876]!; isolecto-, P[P00602877, P00602878, P00602879]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1883. - Saussurea DC. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, ser. 2, t. 6: 59 - 62. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 37043593","FRANCHET A. 1897. - Expose synoptique des Saussurea de la flore du Japon, in AUTRAN E. (ed.), Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier. Vol. 5. Imprimerie Romet, Geneve: 534 - 546. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33657344","SMIRNOV S. V. 2004. - Notes on the genus Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae) in Altai. Turczaninowia 7 (4): 11 - 17 [in Russian]."]}

Saussurea scaposa Franch. & Sav. Enumeratio Plantarum in Japonia sponte Crescentium 2: 480 (Franchet & Savatier 1878). Saussurea reinii Franch., Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 5: 539 (Franchet 1897). — Theodorea scaposa Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 1: 368 (Kuntze 1891). TYPE SPECIMEN. — Japan. Kiusiu: in principatu Satzuma, in monte Kiri Shima, 1.V.1875, P.A.L. Savatier 3545 (holo-, P[P00484376]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. & SAVATIER L. 1878. - Compositeae Aster L., in FRAN- CHET A. & SAVATIER L. (eds), Enumeratio plantarum: in Japonia sponte crescentium hucusque rite cognitarum, adjectis descriptionibus specierum pro regione novarum, quibus accedit determinatio herbarum in libris japonicis So mokou zoussetz xylographice delineatarum. Vol. 1 (2). F. Savy, Paris: 219 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 75","FRANCHET A. 1897. - Expose synoptique des Saussurea de la flore du Japon, in AUTRAN E. (ed.), Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier. Vol. 5. Imprimerie Romet, Geneve: 534 - 546. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33657344","KUNTZE O. 1891. - Revisio generum plantarum: vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum 1. A. Felix, Leipzig: 1 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 327"]}

Saussurea stricta Franch. (Fig. 12) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 343 (Franchet 1888). Saussurea subcordata F.H.Chen, Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 6: 98 (Chen 1935). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan: Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, montagnes de Han-Ky-sé, près de Tchen-kéou, alt. 2000 m, 3.IX.1892, P.G. Farges 1140 (lecto-, P[P00602914]!; isolecto-, P[P00602915]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1894) provided only the locality information: “Se-tchuen oriental, montagnes de Han-Ky-sé, près de Tchen-kéou, alt. 2000 m ”. Lipschitz (1966) selected the specimen “ P.G. Farges 1140 ” kept in P as the type [firststep]. We located two duplicate specimens of “ P.G. Farges 1140 ”, in P, from which a lectotype may be chosen. We here designate one of the specimen “ P.G. Farges 1140 ” in P (P00602914) as the lectotype [second-step] (Art. 9.17 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 131, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","CHEN F. H. 1935. - The study of Chinese Saussurea III. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 6: 96 - 102.","FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062","LIPSCHITZ S. 1966. - A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Saussurea, 2. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 51: 1494 - 1499 [in Russian].","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea eriocephala Franch. (Fig. 6) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 329 (Franchet 1888). Saussurea pallidiceps Hand. -Mazz., Symbolae Sinicae 7 (4): 1146 (Handel-Mazzetti 1936a). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan, sur les pentes rocailleuses de Long-tech-chan, au-dessus de Hee-gni-tang, J.M. Delavay 4720 (lecto-, P[P00602842]!; isolecto-, P[P00602843, P00602844, P00602845, P00602846]!). REMARKS Franchet (1888) cited one collection: “ Delavay 4720 ” as the type in the protologue. According toStafleu & Cowan (1976), Franchet worked at P and Delavay’s specimens were deposited in K and P. We located five original duplicate specimens of “ Delavay 4720 ”, deposited in P (syntypes) (Arts 9.6, and 40 Note 1 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). After careful examination of five sheets, which have been deposited in P, it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype in accordance with Art. 9.12 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We designate here the blooming specimen “ Delavay 4720 ” in P (P00602842) as the lectotype. The selected sheet is morphological complete and presence of stem, leaves, and flower that fully agree with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea peduncularis Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 357 (Franchet 1888). Saussurea peduncularis var. corymbosa (Franch.) Lipsch., Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 8: 250 (Lipschitz 1971a). — Saussurea peduncularis var. lobata (Franch.) Lipsch., Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 8: 250 (Lipschitz 1971a). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Yunnan: sur le Hee Chan men (Lankong), 21.IX.1885, J.M. Delavay s.n. (holo-, P[P00705538]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","LIPSCHITZ S. 1971 a. - Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii. Vol. 8. Moscow, Leningrad, 250 p."]}

Saussurea fargesii Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 344 (Franchet 1894). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, sur les montagnes de Tchen-Keéou-tin, P.G. Farges s.n. (holo-, P[P00602847]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062"]}

Saussurea vestita Franch. (Fig. 14) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 358 (Franchet 1888). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Yunnan, in calcareis ad collum montis Hee-chan-men, prope Lankong, alt. 3000 m, 30.VIII.1886, J.M. Delavay 2145 (lecto-, P[P00602923]!; isolecto-, K[K000035680, K000035681]!, P[P00602924]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1888) provided the following localities information: “ Yunnan, in calcareis ad collum montis Hee-chan-men, prope Lankong, alt. 3000 m (Delavay 2145); “ad collum Pi-iou-se, supra Tapin-tze (Delavay s.n.); “ad pedem montis Yang-in-chan (Delavay s.n.)” but did not indicate any holotype specimen. Since then, no author has designated a lectotype, even inadvertently (Art. 7.11 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). We located seven original materials deposited in K & P, and all these collections should be regarded as syntypes (Art. 9.6 of ICN; Turland et al. 2018). After careful examination of all these collections, which have been deposited in P, it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype in accordance with Art. 9.12 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We designate here the blooming specimen “ Delavay 2145 ” in P (P00602923) as the lectotype.The selected sheet bears a complete and well-preserved specimen that displays all the morphological diagnostic traits in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 131, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea scabrida Franch. Bulletin annuel de la Société philomatique de Paris sér. 8, 3: 146 (Franchet 1891). Saussurea leontodon Dunn, Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 35: 509 (Dunn 1903). — Saussurea pseudoleontodon F.H.Chen, Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 6: 99 (Chen 1935). LECTOTYPE (designated by Yu et al. 2014). — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan), c. Ta-tsien-lou, J.A. Soulié 209 (lecto-, P[P00602902]!; isolecto-, P[P00602903, P00602904, P00602905]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1891. - Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles provenant d'une collection de plantes du Thibet chinois envoyee au Museum par M. L'Abbe Soulie. Bulletin de la Societe philomatique de Paris 3: 140 - 150.","DUNN S. T. 1903. - Descriptions of new Chinese plants. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 35: 483 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1903. tb 00699. x","CHEN F. H. 1935. - The study of Chinese Saussurea III. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 6: 96 - 102.","YU W. B., WANG H. & LI D. Z. 2014. - Typification of sixteen plant names described by Franchet in 1891. Plant Diversity & Resources 36 (5): 590 - 594."]}

Saussurea tatsienensis Franch. Bulletin annuel de la Société philomatique de Paris (Paris), sér. 8, 3: 148 (Franchet 1891). LECTOTYPE (designated by Yu et al. 2014). — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan), c. Ta-tsien-lou, J.A. Soulié 163a (lecto-, P[P00245388]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 131, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1891. - Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles provenant d'une collection de plantes du Thibet chinois envoyee au Museum par M. L'Abbe Soulie. Bulletin de la Societe philomatique de Paris 3: 140 - 150.","YU W. B., WANG H. & LI D. Z. 2014. - Typification of sixteen plant names described by Franchet in 1891. Plant Diversity & Resources 36 (5): 590 - 594."]}

Saussurea carduiformis Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 343 (Franchet 1894). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Su-tchuen (Sichuan) Oriental: dans les montagnes de Tchen-Keéou-tin, alt. 2500 m, P.G. Farges 632 (holo-, P[P00602816]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 118, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062"]}

Saussurea grosseserrata Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 311, 354 (Franchet 1888). LECTOTYPE (designated by Lipschitz 1964). — China. Yunnan: Likiang Suee-chan, in pascuis, alt. 3500 m, 14.VIII.1886, J.M. Delavay 2102 (lecto-, P[P00602856]!; isolecto-, A[A00011754]!, P[P00602857, P00602858, P00602859]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","LIPSCHITZ S. 1964. - Ad cognitionem generis Saussurea, 1. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 1: 314 - 328 [in Russian]."]}

Saussurea flexuosa Franch. (Fig. 7) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 341 (Franchet 1894). Saussurea tsinlingensis Hand. -Mazz., Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift 85: 223 (Handel-Mazzetti 1936b). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Su-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, district de Tchen-Kéou-Tin, P.G. Farges s.n. (lecto-, P[P00602848]!; isolecto-, P[P00602849]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1894) cited one collection: “Su-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, district de Tchen-KéouTin, P.G. Farges s.n. ” as the type, without indicating the herbaria where the specimen was deposited. We located two duplicate sheets, deposited in P. from which a lectotype may be designated (Art. 9.17 of ICN). Thus, we designate here the sheet kept in P (P00602848) as the lectotype, since the sheet is a complete and well-preserved specimen that displays all the morphological diagnostic features in agreement with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062"]}

Saussurea likiangensis Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 356 (Franchet 1888). ACCEPTED NAME. — Saussurea przewalskii Maxim., Bulletin de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St.- Pétersbourg,série 7, 27:494 (Maximowicz 1881). LECTOTYPE (designated by Lipschitz 1962). — China. Province du Yun-nan, Les coôteaux du Li Kiang suee chan (Li Kiang), terrains dénudés, débris, 13.VIII.1886, J.M. Delavay 2104 (lecto-, P[P00602867]!; isolecto-, P[P00602868, P00602869, P00602870]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498","MAXIMOWICZ C. J. 1881. - Saussurea species novae. Bulletin de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, ser. 3, 27 - 28: 488 - 495. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34582431","LIPSCHITZ S. (ed.) 1962. - Saussurea DC., in Flora of USSR. Vol. 27. Leningrad: 356 - 530."]}

Saussurea nikoensis Franch. & Sav. Enumeratio Plantarum in Japonia sponte Crescentium 2: 407 (Franchet & Savatier 1878). TYPE SPECIMEN. — Japan. Alpes de Nikko, without date, P.A.L. Savatier 2099 (holo-, P[P00484393]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. & SAVATIER L. 1878. - Compositeae Aster L., in FRAN- CHET A. & SAVATIER L. (eds), Enumeratio plantarum: in Japonia sponte crescentium hucusque rite cognitarum, adjectis descriptionibus specierum pro regione novarum, quibus accedit determinatio herbarum in libris japonicis So mokou zoussetz xylographice delineatarum. Vol. 1 (2). F. Savy, Paris: 219 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 75"]}

Saussurea longifolia Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 354 (Franchet 1888). LECTOTYPE (designated by Shi & Raab-Straube 2011). — China. Yunnan: ad collum Yen-tze-kay, prope Lankong, alt. 3200 m, 18.IX.1885, J.M. Delavay 1659 (lecto-, P[P00836207]!; isolecto-, P[P00602872, P00602873]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1888. - Note sur les Saussurea du Yunnan. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 2: 309 - 359. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3072498"]}

Saussurea oligantha Franch. (Fig. 9) Journal de Botanique (Morot) 10: 421 (Franchet 1896b). Saussurea oligantha var. oligolepis (Y.Ling) X.Y.Wu, Flora Tsinlingensis 1 (5): 361 (Wu 1985). — Saussurea oligolepis Y.Ling, Contributions from the Institute of Botany. National Academy of Peiping 6 (2): 81 (Ling 1949). LECTOTYPE (here designated). — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) occidentalis, c. Tchen-Keou-tin, alt. 2500 m, P.G. Farges 35 (lecto-, P[P00602883]!; isolecto-, P[P00602884, P00602885]!). REMARKS In the protologue, Franchet (1896b) provided the following localities information: “Se-tchuen (Sichuan) occidentalis, circa Tchen-Keou-tin,alt. 2500 m, (P.G.Farges 35)”and “Prov.Hupeh (A. Henry 6640a)”, but did not indicate a holotype specimen. We located five original materials, all of them deposited in P: “ P.G. Farges 35 ” (P00602883, P00602884, P00602885), and “ A. Henry 6640a ” (P00705533, P00705534). According to Art.9.6 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018), all these collections should be regarded as syntypes. According toStafleu & Cowan (1976), Franchet’ worked at P, and Delavay’s specimens were deposited in K and P.The specimens of P all bear the information “ Syntype S. oligantha Franch. ”, and it is necessary to select one of them as the lectotype (Art. 9.12 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). We here designate the sheet “ P.G. Farges 35 ” in P (P00602883) as the lectotype since it is morphologicaly complete with the presence of stem, leaves, and flowers that fully agree with the protologue., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1896 b. - Compositae novae e flora sinensi. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 10: 409 - 423. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8856269","WU X. Y. 1985. - Saussurea oligantha Franch. var. oligolepis (Y. Ling) X. Y. Wu. Flora Tsinlingensis 1 (5): 361.","LING Y. 1949. - Compositae Sinensis novae vel minuscognitae. II. Contributions from the Institute of Botany. National Academy of Peiping 6: 65 - 103.","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. H., LI D. Z. & MARHOLD K. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Saussurea dimorphaea Franch. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 340 (Franchet 1894). TYPE SPECIMEN. — China. Se-tchuen (Sichuan) oriental, montagnes de Tchen-Kéou-Tin, P.G. Farges s.n. (holo-, P[P00602837]!)., Published as part of Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2023, Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae), pp. 115-139 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (8) on page 122, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8, http://zenodo.org/record/7841520, {"references":["FRANCHET A. 1894. - Plantes nouvelles de la Chine Occidentale. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 8: 353 - 364. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2164062"]}

Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad, Zhang, Zhiyong (2023): Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A.R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Adansonia (3) 45 (8): 115-139, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8

The PICOSEC Micromegas precise timing detector is based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled to a photocathode operating in a semi-transparent mode and a Micromegas amplification structure. The first proof of concept single-channel prototype was able to achieve a time resolution below 25 ps. One of the crucial aspects in the development of precise timing gaseous detectors applicable in high-energy physics experiments is a modular design that enables large area coverage. The first 19-channel multi-pad prototype with an active area of approximately 10 cm$^{2}$ suffered from degraded timing resolution due to the non-uniformity of the preamplification gap thickness. A new 100 cm$^{2}$ detector module with 100 channels based on a rigid hybrid ceramic/FR4 Micromegas board for improved drift gap uniformity was developed. Initial measurements with 80 GeV/c muons showed improvements in timing response over the measured pads and a time resolution below 25 ps. More recent measurements with a thinner drift gap detector module and newly developed RF pulse amplifiers show that the pad centre resolution can be enhanced to the level of 17 ps. This work will present the development of the detector from structural simulations, design, and beam test commissioning with a focus on the timing performance of a thinner drift gap detector module in combination with new electronics using an automated timing scan method. The PICOSEC Micromegas precise timing detector is based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled to a semi-transparent photocathode and a Micromegas amplification structure. The first proof of concept single-channel small area prototype was able to achieve time resolution below 25 ps. One of the crucial aspects in the development of the precise timing gaseous detectors applicable in high-energy physics experiments is a modular design that enables large area coverage. The first 19-channel multi-pad prototype with an active area of approximately 10 cm$^2$ suffered from degraded timing resolution due to the non-uniformity of the preamplification gap. A new 100 cm$^2$ detector module with 100 channels based on a rigid hybrid ceramic/FR4 Micromegas board for improved drift gap uniformity was developed. Initial measurements with 80 GeV/c muons showed improvements in timing response over measured pads and a time resolution below 25 ps. More recent measurements with a new thinner drift gap detector module and newly developed RF pulse amplifiers show that the resolution can be enhanced to a level of 17~ps. This work will present the development of the detector from structural simulations, design, and beam test commissioning with a focus on the timing performance of a thinner drift gap detector module in combination with new electronics using an automated timing scan method.

Tianwen-1 spacecraft (Wan et al. 2020) is China's first Mars exploration mission. The Mars Orbiter Magnetometer (MOMAG) is a scientific instrument aboard the Tianwen-1 mission that is designed to study magnetic fields at Mars, including the solar wind to the magnetosheath and the ionosphere. Using the first Tianwen-1/MOMAG data that is publicly available, we present interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) and stream interaction region (SIR) catalogues based on in-situ observations at Mars between November 16, 2021, and December 31, 2021. We compared the magnetic field intensity and vector magnetic field measurements from Tianwen-1/MOMAG and Mars Atmospheric Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)/MAG during the ICME and SIR interval and found a generally good consistency between them. Due to MAVEN's orbital adjustment since 2019, the Tianwen-1/MOMAG instrument is currently the almost unique interplanetary magnetic field monitor at Mars. The observations indicate that the MOMAG instrument on Tianwen-1 is performing well and can provide accurate measurements of the vector magnetic field in the near-Mars solar wind space. The multi-point observations combining MOMAG, MINPA, and MEPA on board Tianwen-1 with MAG, SWIA, and STATIC on board MAVEN will open a window to systematically study the characteristic of ICMEs and SIRs at Mars, and their influences on the Martian atmosphere and ionosphere.

In neutron transmutation doped germanium, the thermal neutron fluence of reactor irradiation is as high as 10$^{18}$~n$\cdot$cm$^{-2}$. For radiological safety reasons, general Co or Au neutron flux monitors cannot be easily used. We have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the X-rays emitted by the NTD-Ge itself to determine the absolute thermal neutron fluence for the first time. A Micro-Megas Detector (MMD) and a Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) are set up to detect the tagging KX-rays with 9.2 keV and 10.3 keV cascading from the decays of $^{71}$Ge. Combined the detection efficiencies calculated by GEANT4, neutron fluence results given with proper accuracy by MMD and SDD are in a good agreement with each other.