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BackgroundTo investigate secular trends in edentulism incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) rates in Chinese men and women from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The age-period-cohort (APC) analysis estimated the independent age, period, and cohort effects.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the crude incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of edentulism in the Chinese population increased year by year, while the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and YLDs decreased, and the latter was higher in women than in men. The APC analysis showed that the age effect increased in men and women from age 20 to 74 and decreased thereafter. The risk of tooth loss increased with age. However, the relationship was not linear. The temporal effect showed a gradual increase; the risk of missing teeth gradually increased with the changing modern living environment. The cohort effect showed a single decreasing trend, with the early birth cohort having a higher risk of tooth loss than the later birth cohort population. The age, period, and cohort effects were consistent for both sexes.ConclusionAlthough the standardized incidence, prevalence, and YLD rate and cohort effect of dentition loss in China are declining, they are still causing a severe burden to China due to the continued aging of the population and the rising period effect. Despite the decreasing trends of the standardized incidence and prevalence of dentition loss and the rate of YLDs, China should develop more effective oral disease prevention and control strategies to reduce the increasing burden of edentulism in the older adult, especially in older women.

Objective To assess family environmental factors that impact caries in children during a follow ⁃ up study for family⁃based community oral health promotion models. Methods This study was conducted from June to De⁃ cember 2015. A total of 200 households were selected from Jinzhou community in Nanning with the random sampling method. The data were collected through oral examinations and questionnaire surveys of family members. A logistic re⁃ gression model was used to analyze the relationship between family environment factors, such as socioeconomic and fam⁃ ily⁃related behaviors, and caries in children. Results After adjustment for confounding factors, families in which more than 1, 000 mL of sugar drinks were purchased per month; those in which the family members had a low frequency of brushing (occasionally or not); those in which the mother had a high frequency of drinking sweet drinks (more than one time each day), brushed with low frequency (less than 2 times), had no regular oral examination in the past year, or had low scores in oral health attitude and knowledge; those in which the father/mother had a low level of education (short⁃cy⁃ cle courses and under); and those with a low annual household income (less than 50, 000 RMB) had children with high rates of dental caries. Families purchasing sugar drinks >1 000 mL per month were 2.22 times more likely than families purchasing sugar drinks ≤1 000 mL per month to have caries in children. Conclusion Family environmental factors exert a certain influence on children􀆳s caries, and this information is a useful reference for a follow⁃up study.

Self-efficacy is the core variable to inspire human motivation and behavior, and the self-efficacy of young teachers can affect their a ttitude toward work, behavior and performance. Through an empirical study of 321 young tea chers (samples), the relationship of teachers' self-efficacy with working attitude and performance was discussed. The results showed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with work satisfaction and performance, but negatively correlated with turnover intention; the peripheral and teaching performances were improved and turnover intention was reduced through positively responding to the intermediary role of strategies. This provides a new research perspective for the humanistic management of college and university teachers.