Search

Influenza vaccination is an effective method for preventing influenza virus infection. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify global influenza vaccination rates (IVRs) and the factors influencing its uptake in the general population, individuals with chronic diseases, pregnant women, and healthcare workers.Related articles were obtained from online databases and screened according to the inclusion criteria. The pooled IVRs were calculated using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses and multivariate meta-regression were performed to determine the factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake.We included 522 studies from 68 countries/regions. Most studies were conducted in the European region (247 studies), followed by the Western Pacific (135 studies) and American regions (100 studies). The IVRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the general population were lower (24.96%, 23.45%-26.50%) than in individuals with chronic diseases (41.65%, 40.08%-43.23%), healthcare workers (36.57%, 33.74%-39.44%), and pregnant women (25.92%, 23.18%-28.75%). The IVRs in high-income countries/regions were significantly higher than that in middle-income countries/regions. A free national or regional vaccination policy, perception of influenza vaccine efficacy and disease severity, a recommendation from healthcare workers, and having a history of influenza vaccination were positive factors for vaccine uptake (P0.01).Overall, global IVRs were low, especially in the general population. The studies on the IVRs, especially for priority populations, should be strengthened in Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asian, and African regions. Free vaccination policies and the dissemination of continuous awareness campaigns are effective measures to enhance vaccination uptake.

Although the traditional convolutional neural network is applied to image segmentation successfully, it has some limitations. That's the context information of the long-range on the image is not well captured. With the success of the introduction of self-attentional mechanisms in the field of natural language processing (NLP), people have tried to introduce the attention mechanism in the field of computer vision. It turns out that self-attention can really solve this long-range dependency problem. This paper is a summary on the application of self-attention to image segmentation in the past two years. And think about whether the self-attention module in this field can replace convolution operation in the future.

Lemon is an important economic crop in the world and can bloom several times each year. The Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province is one of the main lemon-producing areas in China, and is a suitable area for planting high-quality lemons in China. However, the hot and rainy summers in Yunnan are not conducive to flower bud differentiation, which leads to low lemon yield. Therefore, normal flower bud differentiation is important to guarantee lemon production and quality. In this study, we selected some lemon trees for a pot experiment, and we sprayed the lemon leaves with gibberellin and paclobutrazol to regulate lemon flower formation. We set four separate concentration gradients for each regulator: 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L. The PBZ concentration gradients were 200, 400, 600, and 1200 mg/L. After the experiment, we determined and analyzed the morphological index and fruit quality of the lemon trees. The results showed that under the same cultivation and management conditions, spraying paclobutrazol substantially inhibited the growth of lemon shoots, increased the fruit setting rate, and improved the fruit yield. However, gibberellin considerably reduced the number of lemon flowering branches and promoted the vegetative growth of the lemons. When the concentration of paclobutrazol was 600 mg/L, the amount of lemon fruits reached the maximum, which remarkably increased the titratable acid and soluble solids contents of the fruit and ultimately increased the fruit quality compared with the control. Altogether, selecting the appropriate concentration of regulators to control the flowering and fruit setting of fruit trees is important and has value in guiding actual production.

Meteorological factors and the increase in extreme weather events are closely related to the incidence rate of infectious diarrhea. However, few studies have explored whether the impact of the same meteorological factors on the incidence rate of infectious diarrhea in different climate regions has changed and quantified these changes. In this study, the time series fixed-effect Poisson regression model guided by climate was used to quantify the relationships between the incidence rate of various types of infectious diarrhea and meteorological factors in different climate regions of China from 2004 to 2018, with a lag of 0–2 months. In addition, six social factors, including per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population density, number of doctors per 1000 people, proportion of urbanized population, proportion of children aged 0–14 years old, and proportion of elderly over 65 years old, were included in the model for confounding control. Additionally, the intercept of each province in each model was analyzed by a meta-analysis. Four climate regions were considered in this study: tropical monsoon areas, subtropical monsoon areas, temperate areas and alpine plateau areas. The results indicate that the influence of meteorological factors and extreme weather in different climate regions on diverse infectious diarrhea types is distinct. In general, temperature was positively correlated with all infectious diarrhea cases (0.2 ≤ r ≤ 0.6, p < 0.05). After extreme rainfall, the incidence rate of dysentery in alpine plateau area in one month would be reduced by 18.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): −27.8–−9.6%). Two months after the period of extreme sunshine duration happened, the incidence of dysentery in the alpine plateau area would increase by 21.9% (95% CI: 15.4–28.4%) in that month, and the incidence rate of typhoid and paratyphoid in the temperate region would increase by 17.2% (95% CI: 15.5–18.9%) in that month. The meta-analysis showed that there is no consistency between different provinces in the same climate region. Our study indicated that meteorological factors and extreme weather in different climate areas had different effects on various types of infectious diarrhea, particularly extreme rainfall and extreme sunshine duration, which will help the government develop disease-specific and location-specific interventions, especially after the occurrence of extreme weather.

Background Rotavirus is the leading global pathogen of diarrhea-associated mortality and poses a great threat to public health in all age groups. This study aimed to explore the global burden and 30-year change patterns of rotavirus infection-associated deaths. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study (GBD 2019), we analyzed the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of rotavirus infection by sex, geographical region, and sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. A Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the global trends in rotavirus infection over the 30 years, SaTScan software was used to detect the spatial and temporal aggregations, and a generalized linear model to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and death rates of rotavirus infection. Results Globally, rotavirus infection was the leading cause of diarrheal deaths, accounting for 19.11% of deaths from diarrhea in 2019. Rotavirus caused a higher death burden in African, Oceanian, and South Asian countries in the past three decades. The ASDR of rotavirus declined from 11.39 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 5.46–19.48) per 100,000 people in 1990 to 3.41 (95% UI 1.60–6.01) per 100,000 people in 2019, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) (− 4.07%, P P Conclusions Although the global trends in the rotavirus burden have decreased substantially over the past three decades, the burden of rotavirus remained high in Africa, Oceania, and South Asia. Children under 5 years and elderly individuals over 70 years were the populations most at risk for rotavirus infection-associated deaths, especially elderly individuals over 70 years in relatively high SDI regions. More attention should be paid to these areas and populations, and effective public health policies should be implemented in the future.

Teachers are professional voice workers who complete their education and teaching tasks primarily through spoken English. Teachers’ voices are the most important tool for completing their professional tasks, as well as an important part of their public image. This paper proposes innovative design strategies with health management as the core concept, in light of the voice health problems of primary and secondary school teachers in the era of intelligence. For a long time, China has had a high percentage of teachers with voice problems. Teachers’ oral English expression is affected by voice diseases, which reduces teaching efficiency. Teachers’ physical and mental health are also jeopardized, and their professional identities are diminished. It is primarily caused by a lack of health-care awareness, excessive use of voice in daily life, incorrect vocalization techniques, a lack of knowledge and methods for voice protection, and ignorance on the part of education management departments. As a result, we must reduce the frequency with which we use our voices and employ scientific feature recognition methods to protect our voices.

Purpose: To understand the role of bronchoscopy in the treatment of chest CT images for patients with acute exacerbation of emphysema phenotype chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 89 cases with chest CT images suggesting acute exacerbation of emphysema phenotype COPD were included and divided into the experimental group and the control group according to whether underwent bronchoscopy. Arterial blood gas indexes (pH value, PaO2, PaCO2), total glucocorticoid usage, length of stay, serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: The hospitalization time of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (11.88 ± 8.61 d vs. 16.50 ± 12.15 d, P = 0 045); the total use of methylprednisolone test group was 213.66 ± 32.07mg, and the control group was 250.83 ± 102.55 mg. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0 028). The trend of repeated analysis of variance (F = 12 11,P = 0 001) were statistically significant. PaCO2 significantly decreased before and after the test in the experimental group (49.40 14.85 mmhg vs. 43.30 12.48 mmhg, P = 0.000). Plasma TNF-α and IL-6 decreased and IL-10 increased before and after the test. TNF-α and IL-6 increased and IL-10 decreased before and after the control group test, and the changes and trends of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 before and after the two groups were statistically different (P = 0.000). These symptoms can be analyzed using CT imaging. Conclusion: In patients with acute exacerbation of emphysema phenotype COPD who are initially ineffective, bronchoscopy, alveolar lavage, and anti-contamination brush sampling guide anti-infective treatment can improve patient ventilation, and reduce glucocorticoid consumption.

Cloud computing is equivalent to a comprehensive technology of multiple independent network technologies, which includes a variety of computing and software and hardware technologies, and is an innovative technology of deep integration of various technologies. Cloud computing is widely used in network services, not only to provide technical support for cross-border integration, high-tech, emerging industries, but also to change the way ordinary people live. This paper mainly starts with the solution of network security problems brought by cloud computing, studies the role of cloud computing technology in the field of network information security and the future innovation trend and direction. The aim is to improve the security of key technologies in network transmission or storage and provide a relatively stable network environment for users.

User management system is an important part of large websites. Based on analyzing the user management subsystem, the evaluation criteria of user management system is proposed and a solution is designed that meet the evaluation criteria. In the solution, the system account number and login name are differently defined and users can freely choose the system accounts when registering. The user can freely choose a login name that is easy to remember and understand and can also modify the login name. In the password section, Identification Information password-protected mode is proposed. By comparing the well-known sites, indicate that it is an excellent solution to user management system.