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Agricultural N losses strongly dominate the N delivery (average 72 % of total N delivery to rivers in the period 1980–2010) in the rivers discharging into the Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed marginal sea, which has been suffering from eutrophication and deoxygenation since the 1980s. In this paper we investigate the relationship between N loading and deoxygenation in the Bohai Sea, and consequences of future N loading scenarios. Using modeling for the period 1980–2010, the contributions of different oxygen consumption processes were quantified and the main controlling mechanisms of summer bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) evolution in the central Bohai Sea were determined. Model results show that the water column stratification during summer impeded the DO exchange between oxygenated surface water and oxygen-poor bottom water. Water column oxygen consumption (60 % of total oxygen consumption) was strongly correlated with elevated nutrient loading, while nutrient imbalances (increasing N:P ratios) enhanced harmful algal bloom proliferation. Future scenarios show that deoxygenation may be reduced in all scenarios owing to increasing agricultural efficiency, manure recycling and wastewater treatment. However, even in the sustainable development scenario SSP1, nutrient discharges in 2050 will still exceed the 1980 levels, and with further enhancement of water stratification due to climate warming, the risk of summer hypoxia in bottom waters may persist in the coming decades.

Additional file 5: Table S4. The association of IFI30 polymorphisms with BC adjusted for BMI and menopause status.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The differential interaction network inferred by JDINAC after adjusting for BMI and menopause status.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Top 10 gene interaction pairs identified by JDINAC after adjusting for BMI.

Additional file 4: Table S3. Top 10 gene interaction pairs identified by JDINAC after adjusting for BMI and menopause status.

Additional file 3: Table S2. Top 10 gene interaction pairs identified by JDINAC after adjusting for menopausal status.

Additional file 1: Text S1. Stability of RP4 plasmid. Text S2. Effect of antibiotic chloramphenicol (Chl) on conjugative transfer. Text S3. ROS production in the mixed culture. Figure S1. Plasmid stability in bacterial cells. a, Set-up of plasmid stability assays over 5 days. In each cycle, 1% of cultures were grown in fresh LB medium. b, Dynamic analysis of plasmid stability in LB media. Figure S2. FACS sorting of transconjugant cells from a mixture initiated with activated sludge and P. putida KT2440 carrying gfp-RP4 plasmid. Gate I sorts for bacterial size based on forward-H and side scatter-H; Gate II sorts for singlet based on forward-H and forward-W; and Gate III selects only those green cells (left corner) [1]. Panel (a) shows the results from the donor, panel (b) shows the results from positive control (green transconjugants), while panel (c) shows the results from activated sludge. Figure S3. Fold change in conjugative transfer of plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance in activated sludge bacteria under exposure to antibiotic Chl (N = 6). Significant differences between carbamazepine-treated groups and the control groups were analyzed by Independent-sample t test and the Bonferroni correction, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01. Figure S4. Fold changes in ROS production in the mixed culture (the donor and activated sludge) under exposure to carbamazepine. Significant differences between the control and the treated groups were tested with Independent-sample t test and the Bonferroni correction, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01.

We established long-term surveillance sites in Jinan city to monitor PM2.5 particles (PM2.5) and PM2.5-bound PAHs (2014-2020). The range of PM2.5 was 15–230 µg/m3. The average annual ƩPAH16 were 433 ± 271 ng/m3 (industrial area) and 299 ± 171.8 ng/m3 (downtown). PAHs captured in winter accounted for 61.5% (industrial area) and 59.1% (downtown) of total PAHs. A hazardous seasonal benzo[a]pyrene level was detected in 2015-2016 winter as 14.03 ng/m3 (14 folds of EU standard). The dominant PM2.5-bound PAHs were benzo[b]fluoranthene (24%–26%), chrysene (19%–20%), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (15%), Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (12%) and Benzo[a]pyrene (10%). Toxic equivalent quotients of PAHs were 4.93 ng/m3 (industrial area) and 3.13 ng/m3 (downtown). Excess cancer risks (ECRs) were 4.3 × 10−4 ng/m3 and 2.7 × 10−4 ng/m3, respectively. The ECRs exceeded EPA regulatory limit of 1 × 10−6 ng/m3 largely. Non-negligible excess lifetime cancer risks were found as 36 and 26 related cancer incidences per 1,000,000 people. Consistently, local prevalence of lung cancer raise from 56.97/100,000 to 72.38/100,000; the prevalence of thyroid cancer raise from 10.12/100,000 to 45.26/100,000 from 2014 to 2020. Our findings suggest an urgent need to investigate the adverse health effects of PAHs on local population and we call for more strictly restriction on coal consumption and traffic tail gas emission.

The long-term changes in composition and export of particulate organic carbon (POC) by rivers due to dam construction are poorly known. Based on observations, incubation experiments and modelling, this study analyzed the sources, spatial and temporal distribution and annual export of POC in the Changjiang River during recent decades to explore the POC changes due to dam construction. Changes in POC composition resulted from both increasing POC sequestration and carbon fixation in the river basin. The allochthonous POC (from terrestrial input) export by the Changjiang River to its estuary decreased by ∼90% between 1956 and 2002 and 2013–2019. We estimated that 2.3 ± 0.5 Mt C/yr allochthonous POC has been sequestered in the Changjiang watershed since 2013. The autochthonous (entirely from in-stream riverine primary production) contribution increased from 1% to 55% of total POC export during the same period due to improved light transparency caused by decreased sediment discharge. Global POC trapping in nine large rivers strongly impacted by dams is 12% of the global riverine POC export. The reduced POC export and increase in labile autochthonous POC strongly impact the estuarine carbon cycle. Therefore, with continued dam construction in the future, important changes in the riverine and estuarine carbon cycle can be expected.

Purpose Urinary particles are particularly important parameters in clinical urinalysis, especially for the diagnosis of nephropathy. Therefore, it is highly important to precisely detect urinary particles in the clinical setting. However, artificial microscopy is subjective and time consuming, and various previous detection algorithms lack the adequate accuracy. In this study, a method is proposed for the analysis of urinary particles based on deep learning. Methods We used seven cellular components (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial, low-transitional epithelium, casts, crystal, and squamous epithelial cells) in the microscopic imaging of urine as the detection targets. After the extraction of features using Resnet50, feature maps of different sizes are obtained in the last few layers of the feature pyramid net (FPN). The feature maps are then input into the classification subnetwork and regression subnetwork for classification and localization respectively, and detection results are obtained. First, we introduce the basic model (RetinaNet) to detect the cellular components in urinary particles, and the features of the objects can then be extracted more effectively by replacing different basic networks. Lastly, the effects of different weight initialization methods and different anchor scales on the performance of the model are investigated. Results We obtained the optimal network structure based on the adjustment of the loss functional parameters, thereby achieving the best results in the test set of urinary particles. The experimental data yielded an accuracy of 88.65% with a processing time of only 0.2 s for each image on a GeForce GTX 1080 graphics processing unit (GPU). Our results demonstrate that this method cannot only achieve the speed of the first-stage target detector, but also the accuracy of the two-stage target algorithm in the analysis of urinary particles. Conclusion This study developed new automated analysis urinary particles based on deep learning, and this method is expected to be used for the automated analysis and detection of urinary particles. Moreover, our approach will be useful for the detection of other cells in the clinical setting.

Urine casts is a particularly important examination item in clinical urinalysis, especially for the diagnosis of nephritis. Therefore, it is of great significance to identify the cast precisely in clinical urinalysis. However, due to subjectivity, time-consuming artificial microscopy, and the accuracy of various recognition algorithms, previous research is not considered to be sufficient. In this paper, an efficient approach to cast detection and recognition in urine sediment images is proposed. We used urine casts in urine microscopy as the detection target and then passed it to the ResNet50 network; in the last few layers of networks (FPN), we can obtain feature maps of different sizes. Finally, we input target area feature maps into the classification sub-network and the regression sub-network separately for classification and localization, and obtain detection results. The data shows that the mean average precision of the recognition result is 89.4%, while taking only 0.2s per image on the NVIDA Titan X GPU.

Although the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is the largest man-made lake in the Changjiang River, it traps only a small fraction of the nitrogen (N) and dissolved silicate (DSi) inflows. Internal dissolution processes of exogenous biogenic silica (BSi) to DSi within TGR may control the overall silica (Si) retention, while the primary diatom production plays a minor role in DSi removal. Transformations of reactive N caused an increase of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) load by 3% during transport through the TGR, while retention of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is enhanced by biological production. As a result, the TGR causes an increase of the molar DIN/DSi, DSi/DIP, and DIN/DIP ratios, and a decrease of DIN/RSi (reactive Si, the sum of DSi and BSi), leading to an enhanced phosphorus limitation downstream of the TGR. The overall impact of the changing stoichiometry as expressed by the Index for Coastal Eutrophication Potential (ICEP) is an excess production of 27 Tg C/year of non-diatom, potentially harmful phytoplankton. More intensive monitoring is thus needed to better understand the biogeochemical processes in the TGR and to support policy development aimed at improving the water quality in the Changjiang River.

Dam construction in river systems affects the biogeochemistry of nitrogen (N), yet most studies on N cycling in reservoirs do not consider the transformations and retention of the different N species. This study addresses the N inputs, transport, transformations, and retention in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in the Changjiang River, the world largest water storage project, during its filling phase in 2004–2007. The results indicate that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was the most abundant N form in the TGR and particulate N was only 2% to the total N flow and retention. About 34% of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 64% of nitrite, and 44% of ammonia were retained by transformation within the TGR in 2007. Time-series data show that about 8% of inflowing total dissolved N was lost by denitrification and sedimentation. Transformations of DON, nitrite and ammonia caused an increase of the nitrate load by 6%; and at the same time the DIN flux increased by 4% while the water moved through the TGR, which is the balance between formation and retention of DIN. The large contribution of biogeochemical transformations to nitrate loading in the TGR indicates the importance of internal processing for the river N species composition.

Dam construction in river systems affects the biogeochemistry of nitrogen (N), yet most studies on N cycling in reservoirs do not consider the transformations and retention of the different N species. This study addresses the N inputs, transport, transformations, and retention in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in the Changjiang River, the world largest water storage project, during its filling phase in 2004–2007. The results indicate that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was the most abundant N form in the TGR and particulate N was only 2% to the total N flow and retention. About 34% of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 64% of nitrite, and 44% of ammonia were retained by transformation within the TGR in 2007. Time-series data show that about 8% of inflowing total dissolved N was lost by denitrification and sedimentation. Transformations of DON, nitrite and ammonia caused an increase of the nitrate load by 6%; and at the same time the DIN flux increased by 4% while the water moved through the TGR, which is the balance between formation and retention of DIN. The large contribution of biogeochemical transformations to nitrate loading in the TGR indicates the importance of internal processing for the river N species composition.

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as an important clinical tool for real-time in vivo cancer diagnosis. Raman information can be obtained from whole organisms and tissues, at the cellular level and at the biomolecular level. The aim of this paper is to review the newest developments of Raman spectroscopy in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Raman spectroscopy can distinguish malignant tissues from noncancerous/normal tissues and can assess tumor margins or sentinel lymph nodes during an operation. At the cellular level, Raman spectra can be used to monitor the intracellular processes occurring in blood circulation. At the biomolecular level, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy techniques may help detect the biomarker on the tumor surface as well as evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, Raman images reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of different compounds, especially proteins, lipids, microcalcifications, and their metabolic products, in cancerous breast tissues. Information about these compounds may further our understanding of the mechanisms of breast cancer.

The Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) of the Yellow River is a procedure implemented annually from June to July to expel sediments deposited in Xiaolangdi and other large middle-reach reservoirs and to scour the lower reaches of the river, by controlling water and sediment discharges. Dissolved uranium isotopes were measured in river waters collected monthly as well as daily during the 2010 WSRS (June 19–July 16) from Station Lijin (a hydrologic station nearest to the Yellow River estuary). The monthly samples showed dissolved uranium concentrations of 3.85–7.57 μg l −1 and 234 U/ 238 U activity ratios of 1.24–1.53. The concentrations were much higher than those reported for other global major rivers, and showed seasonal variability. Laboratory simulation experiments showed significant uranium release from bottom and suspended sediment. The uranium concentrations and activity ratios differed during the two stages of the WSRS, which may reflect desorption/dissolution of uranium from suspended river sediments of different origins. An annual flux of dissolved uranium of 1.04 × 10 8 g y −1 was estimated based on the monthly average water discharge and dissolved uranium concentration in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The amount of dissolved uranium (2.65 × 10 7 g) transported from the Yellow River to the sea during the WSRS constituted about 1/4 of the annual flux.

The stability of the slope influenced by numerous factors, of which many are difficult to determine, and difficult to estimate, and they are not only random but also fuzzy. Based on the structure characteristics of soft rock slope breaking the instability, the paper makes the statistic analysis of the influence factors of soft rock slope stability, obtained the three influence factors of rebound strength, side slope grade, slope SMR value, and on the basis of the obtained impact factors, this paper also puts forward some reasonable suggestions on test and theoretical research of strengthening soft rock environment effect and time effect, constantly improve the soft rock slope stability analysis method, and strengthen the mixed study of soft rock slope stability with other disciplines.

Water samples were collected from the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) in May 2005, after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), to examine the influence of the TGR and large lakes on material delivery to the estuary of the Changjiang River. The concentrations of suspended particle material (SPM), dissolved silica (DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) in the main stream were analyzed. The concentrations of DSi and BSi in the main channel of the Changjiang varied between 73 and 100 and 1.1–15 μmol/l, with a distance weighted average of 81 and 8.0 μmol/l, respectively. A calculation shows that live diatom comprises only an average value of 5.2 % of the BSi in the Changjiang River, and most of BSi may come from drainage basin. The concentrations of BSi and the ratios of BSi/SPM were relatively low in the Changjiang River compared to other rivers throughout the world, but the BSi carried in suspension by the Changjiang River was an important component of the rivers silicon load (i.e. ~13 %). SPM, DSi and BSi concentrations as observed in the Changjiang River tend to decrease from the upper sections of the river to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), reflecting sedimentation associated with BSi trapping and DSi retention in the TGR in the normal-water period. SPM and BSi retention are more strongly influenced by the TGD compared to DSi. About 98 % of SPM, 72 % of BSi and 16 % of DSi were retained within the TGR in May 2005. The fluxes variations of DSi, BSi and SPM suggested that the large lakes and dams had a coupled effect on the transportation of DSi, BSi and SPM in the normal-water period. Such a change in silicon (DSi and BSi) balances of the Changjiang River will affect the ecological environment of the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent sea to some extent.

A rat model of Parkinson's disease was established by 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the medial forebrain bundle. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from the femur and tibia, and were co-cultured with 10% and 60% lesioned or intact striatal extracts. The results showed that when exposed to lesioned striatal extracts, BMSCs developed bipolar or multi-polar morphologies, and there was an increase in the percentage of cells that expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Moreover, the percentage of NSE-positive cells increased with increasing concentrations of lesioned striatal extracts. However, intact striatal extracts only increased the percentage of GFAP-positive cells. The findings suggest that striatal extracts from Parkinson's disease rats induce BMSCs to differentiate into neuronal-like cells in vitro.

伴随着中国的改革开放, 中国反腐败的罪名体系走过了一条逐步精致化、细腻化 的发展历程, 完成了多次细化和全面转型,形成了严密的反腐败刑事法网和二元制罪 名体系。二元制的反腐败罪名体系在过去30年间贡献卓著,它不仅是法律逻辑自然演 进的结果,背后也承载着复杂的社会变革因素,更体现了立法者试图在制度层面遏制 腐败的主观期待。伴随着中国改革开放力度和范围的加大,中国反腐败罪名体系的未 来走向,必然是坚决废弃二元制罪名体系和彻底恢复一元制罪名体系。 关键词: 反腐败 罪名体系 改革开放 立法模式 职务犯罪 In step with reform and opening up, the Chinese system of anti-corruption charges has been progressively refined and elaborated. Its successive refinements and comprehensive transformation have resulted in a tight-knit network of anti-corruption criminal law and a dual system of charges. This system has made a remarkable contribution to combating corruption over the last three decades. More than the outcome of the natural evolution of legal logic, it also involves complex considerations of social transformation and reflects lawmakers’ expectations of being able to prevent corruption at the institutional level. With the deepening and widening of reform and opening up, China’s system of anti-corruption charges will inevitably develop towards the thorough aboli...

传统犯罪网络变异的原因是多方面的，直接诱因是网络空间的技术性代际差异； 传统犯罪的网络变异表现为犯罪构成要件要素的变异、社会危害性的变异和犯罪形态 的变异三个方面。扩张化的司法解释是解决这一问题的首要选择，但其局限性也是明 显的；面对网络空间中传统犯罪的变异态势，将部分预备行为提升、独立化为实行行 为，将部分共犯行为加以正犯化，将会是未来刑事立法无法回避的两个选择。 关键词: 网络犯罪 传统犯罪 社会危害性 刑事立法 变异 The reasons for cyber variants of traditional crimes are many. A direct catalyst is the generation gap caused by the transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0. Such variation takes the following three forms: variation in the elements constituting a crime, in the social harm done and in the form of the crime. Expansion of judicial interpretation is the primary choice for handling cybercrime. However, its limitations are also obvious. In the face of cyber variants of traditional crimes, we argue that raising the status of some acts of preparation to that of independent acts of execution and making some joint offenders into principal offenders offers two important solutions that can no longer be avoided by China's criminal law legislation.

The Huanghe River (Yellow River) had been the second largest river in the world in terms of sediment load to the sea; however, the river water discharge and sediment flux to the sea and their seasonal variability have been significantly altered by the dam activities and recent water–sediment regulation. These changes are believed to have important impacts on the flux of phosphorus that is generally transported in particulate form. In this article, the samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were collected at the Lijin Station during two high-discharge events in 2005 and were separated by particle size. Sequential extractions were applied to determine the forms of P in different particle size fractions and to assess the potential bio-availability of particulate phosphorus (PP). Based on the in-laboratory measurement, the impacts of different hydrological regimes on the source of PP and its bio-availability were also analyzed. The results indicate that exchangeable, organic, authigenic, and refractory P were preferentially associated with clay, very fine, and fine silt fractions. Detrital P was mainly associated with the medium and coarse silt fractions. Detrital P and authigenic P (two forms of calcium bound phosphorus) were the dominant fractions in all samples. Thus, the potential bio-available PP (exchangeable P and organic P) was mainly associated with the finer particles, such as clay. Higher content of exchangeable, organic, authigenic, and residual P and lower content of detrital P were found during the period of rainstorm compared to that of WSR. P forms and partitioning of P forms among different particle size fractions were assumed to depend on the sources of SPM. It is likely that the pathways and fates of PP forms were controlled by damming and by the related changes of hydrological regime. Therefore, anthropogenic changes of hydrological regime and particle size dominanted the amount and distribution pattern of bio-available P transportation to the estuary and the adjacent sea, which will have profound impacts on the marine ecosystems at the Huanghe River Estuary and even the Bohai Sea.

死刑废止论正在成为一种为刑法学界所广泛接受的理念，废止死刑目前也被当作 是一项目标而不再根据现实国情和罪情去思考。促进此种理论共识形成的诸多因素之 中，极为重要的原因之一，是废止死刑国家的数量统计，以及建立在这一数量统计基 础上的“废除死刑是一种世界性潮流和趋势”臆想性认识。客观地看待废止死刑国家 的真实数量，反思已经被法学界全面认可的统计数字的非科学性，并深入思索死刑存 废的国际现状，对于立足中国国情去理性地思考死刑的存与废，并警惕学术研究中的 数字陷阱和数字诱导，意义重大。从中国的历史阶段和整体情况来看，死刑在中国不 宜立即废除。 关键词: 死刑 刑罚 立法潮流 刑事政策 刑罚目的 The idea of abolishing the death penalty is increasingly accepted as a goal by scholars in the field of criminal law, who have put aside all consideration of national realities and the crime situation. Among the factors that have brought about this theoretical consensus is a very important one: statistical data on those countries that have abolished capital punishment, together with the assumption these figures promote: the fiction that “abolition of the death penalty is a world trend.” Looking objectively at the number of countries that have abolished the death penalty, reflecting upon the unscientific nature of the statistics that scholars have swallowed whole, and exploring the current international situation a...

The progress of reservoir nutrient retention was reviewed. Challenges had been risen about whether the huge reservoirs altered river-borne nutrient transport significantly since controversial results for nutrient retention of reservoirs were found. Most documents supported the conclusion that the reservoirs changed the riverine biogeochemistry process, which resulted in a serial of impacts on downstream and estuary. In this paper, we classified nutrient retention by "sediment filter" and "biological and biochemical filter", and listed some estimating methods of nutrient retention and efficiencies.

To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling questions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment, n-alkanes less than n-C12, toluene and 1,3-dimethyl benzene are lost after 1 d weathering, the n-C13, n-C14, naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering, and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d, the ratio pristine/phytane can not provide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes (m/z 191) as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.

Objectives: This study is to investigate the values of multiple quantitative evaluation parameters in the diagnosis of mammary duct ectasia (MDE), using real-time ultrasound elastography (UE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 15 patients (16 lesions) with MDE. Ultrasound examination was performed with the LOGIQ E9 ultrasound instrument, with all lesions being examined by routine ultrasound and UE. MRI examination was performed with a Signa HD × 3.0T TWINSP MR System, including of plain-scan, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Imaging features, as well as semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters, were analyzed to determine their diagnostic value for MDE. Results: According to the five-point scale in UE, twelve lesions belonged to 1-3 point scale, and four lesions were in 4-5 point scale, with an average of 2.93 ± 0.77. In dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, the lesions appeared as obviously enhanced signals. The MRI early-enhancement rate ranged from 0.35 to 1.07 (0.67 ± 0.30 on average); the time peak ranged between 192 and 330 s (248 ± 37 s on average); the peak-enhancement ratio ranged from 2.26 to 3.06, with an average of 2.59 ± 0.33. According to MRI time-signal intensity curves classified into persistently enhancing (type I), plateau (type II) and washout (type III), 12 lesions (75%) belonged to type I, three (18.75%) belonged to type II, and one (6.25%) belonged to type III. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that a total choline peak occurred only in one lesion. The diagnosis accuracy rates for ultrasound alone, MRI alone and the combination of ultrasound and MRI were 75% (12/16), 87.5% (14/16) and 93.75% (15/16), respectively. Conclusions: Both ultrasound and MRI show clinical importance in MDE diagnosis. However, UE, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrate significantly better diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MDE.

Apixaban is an orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa and is eliminated by multiple pathways, including renal and non-renal elimination. Non-renal elimination pathways consist of metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, primarily CYP3A4, as well as direct intestinal excretion. Two single sequence studies evaluated the effect of ketoconazole (a strong dual inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein [P-gp]) and diltiazem (a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and a P-gp inhibitor) on apixaban pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects.In the ketoconazole study, 18 subjects received apixaban 10 mg on days 1 and 7, and ketoconazole 400 mg once daily on days 4-9. In the diltiazem study, 18 subjects received apixaban 10 mg on days 1 and 11 and diltiazem 360 mg once daily on days 4-13.Apixaban maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity increased by 62% (90% confidence interval [CI], 47, 78%) and 99% (90% CI, 81, 118%), respectively, with co-administration of ketoconazole, and by 31% (90% CI, 16, 49%) and 40% (90% CI, 23, 59%), respectively, with diltiazem.A 2-fold and 1.4-fold increase in apixaban exposure was observed with co-administration of ketoconazole and diltiazem, respectively.

Hydrochemistry of underground brines along south coast of Laizhou Bay, Shandong, China has been analyzed. Brine samples were collected from 43 wells in this area. It was considered that the brines were originated from seawater. However, whether they were formed by seawater evaporation or seawater freezing was not fully sure. We created a simple method by plotting Na/Clvs. seawater concentration factor (SCF) and Ca/Mgvs. SCF to determine the brine formation geochemically. Comparison of our results to previous seawater freezing and evaporation experiments indicated that the brines were formed by seawater evaporation. The ratios of HCO3/Cl of some low salinity brines in the study area were relatively higher, indicating that the brines may have mixed with other waters after the generation. The Br/Cl ratios of the brines decreased annually in the past 20 to 30 years of exploitation, indicating downward permeation of the brine from which bromine was extracted.

AMG 181 pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), safety, tolerability and effects after single subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Healthy male subjects (n= 68) received a single dose of AMG 181 or placebo at 0.7, 2.1, 7, 21, 70 mg s.c. (or i.v.), 210 mg s.c. (or i.v.), 420 mg i.v. or placebo. Four ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects (n= 4, male : female 2:2) received 210 mg AMG 181 or placebo s.c. (3:1). AMG 181 concentration, anti-AMG 181-antibody (ADA), α4 β7 receptor occupancy (RO), target cell counts, serum C-reactive protein, fecal biomarkers and Mayo score were measured. Subjects were followed 3-9 months after dose.Following s.c. dosing, AMG 181 was absorbed with a median tmax ranging between 2-10 days and a bioavailability between 82% and 99%. Cmax and AUC increased dose-proportionally and approximately dose-proportionally, respectively, within the 70-210 mg s.c. and 70-420 mg i.v. ranges. The linear β-phase t1/2 was 31 (range 20-48) days. Target-mediated disposition occurred at serum AMG 181 concentrations of less than 1 μg ml(-1) . The PD effect on α4 β7 RO showed an EC50 of 0.01 μg ml(-1) . Lymphocytes, eosinophils, CD4+ T cells and subset counts were unchanged. AMG 181-treated UC subjects were in remission with mucosal healing at weeks 6, 12 and/or 28. The placebo-treated UC subject experienced colitis flare at week 6. No ADA or AMG 181 treatment-related serious adverse events were observed.AMG 181 has PK/PD, safety, and effect profiles suitable for further testing in subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Copper complexing ligands concentration (C C) and conditional stability constant of the sea surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface layer (SSL) samples, collected from Baya Bay of Guangdong Province and Jiaozhou Bay of Shandong Province, were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) technique. C C of Daya Bay in the SML ranged from 6.19×10−7 to 3.52×10−7 mol/L.C C of Jiaozhou Bay in the SML ranged from 5.30×10−7 to 3.03×10−7 mol/L in August 1998 and from 3.46×10−7 to 1.36×10−7 mol/L in May 2000. TheC C concentrations were higher in all surface microlayer samples, compared with corresponding subsurface samples. The average enrichment factors of copper complexation in the SML observed above were 1.58, 1.41 and 1.56, respectively. The enrichment ofC C concentration in the microlayer demonstrated that organic ligands had certain buffer action on the toxicity of the enriched trace metals in the same layer. Conditional stability constants of the SML in Jiaozhou Bay were lower than those of the SSL; however, it showed just opposite for Daya Bay.BOD (biological oxygen demand) andCOD (chemical oxygen demand) indicated the organic matter content, also showed enriched in the SML.C C had an obvious relationship withBOD orCOD.

A carrier type gamma irradiator is an advanced device currently installed in Qingdao Irradiation Center (QIC) and has been put into operation for nine years in Qingdao, China. It utilizes Co-60 as the radiation source; the initial Co-60 loading is 1.48×1016 Bq (0.4 million Curies). Rubber, natural and synthetic polymers, heat-shrinkable films and tubes, disposable medical supplies, some foods and drugs have been irradiated for test in the past. Especially a great success achieved on the radiation of compound food for young shrimp. The practice demonstrates that the bacteria in the compound food can be destroyed by the irradiation at optimum dosage between 5 000‐6 000 Gy.

The biexciton in conjugated polymers is studied in the Su-Shrieffer-Heeger model appended by a long-range Coulomb interaction. The wave function of the biexciton is constructed in the Heitler-London approach and, for the first time, the binding energy and radius of the biexciton in conjugated polymers is calculated.

To explore the relationships between community composition and the environment in a reservoir ecosystem, plankton communities from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region were studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. Bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), generated by DGGE analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes, were used as surrogates for the dominant "biodiversity units". OTU composition among the sites was heterogeneous; 46.7% of the total bacterial OTUs (45) and 64.1% of the eukaryotic OTUs (39) were identified in less than half of the sampling sites. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering of the OTUs suggested that the plankton communities in the Xiangxi River sites were not always significantly different from those from the Yangtze River sites, despite clear differences in their environmental characterizations. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to further investigate the relationships between OTU composition and the environmental factors. The first two CCA ordination axes suggested that the bacterial community composition was primarily correlated with the variables of NO(3-)-N, dissolved oxygen (DO), and SiO3(2-)-Si, whereas, the eukaryotic community was mainly correlated with the concentrations of DO, PO4(3-)-P, and SiO3(2-)-Si.

The dynamic behavior of rotating beams with an edge crack was investigated using the higher order finite element method in this paper. The explicit expressions of the resultant stiffness and mass matrices for the variable higher order rotating beam elements were presented in closed form. The edge crack was represented by a rotational massless spring and its equivalent stiffness was derived from the fracture mechanics approach. The present technique was used to predict vibration characteristics of a cracked rotating beam. Numerical results show that the proposed method is superior in computational efficiency as well as accuracy to the conventional finite element method. As vibration characteristics, such as change in natural frequencies, are often applied to predict crack location and size, the present method is of practical significance in crack identification in rotating beams.

Cui Y, Song Y, Wang J, et al. Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications. 2013;5(1):177–184.Note that on page 182, Figure 3 should be corrected as follows, with the line for mean anti-Xa activity extended through to 72 hours post dose on Day 9, and the Day 1 plasma apixaban concentration-time profile rendering error bars and symbols more visually apparent.Read the original article