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The purpose of the article is to study the Ukrainian and foreign experience of legal regulation of support for young researchers, to identify the peculiarities of the regulation of the status of young scientists. Modern global challenges of scientific and technological development actualize the issue of preservation of national scientific potential, application of best practices of European integration of science and innovation, academic mobility of training of young scientific personnel. The Ukrainian state implements measures to overcome the negative situation that intensified during the 21st century, which is characterized by a decrease in the number and quality of scientific research, the departure of talented scientists abroad to continue their academic career. Solving the problem of scientific personnel is facilitated by the promotion of various forms of stimulation of research activities and measures to support researchers, updating the concept of the legal status of a researcher. The legal status of the researcher was formed by international law during the XX-XXI centuries. A standard model of the legal status of researchers was formed, including their rights and freedoms, as well as duties and responsibilities. The article analyzes the terminological features of the development of legislation on science in terms of the application of the concepts “young scientist”, “young researcher”, “researcher at the beginning of his career”; the state of personnel potential of Ukrainian science. The tools for supporting young scientists provided by national and foreign legislation and the practice of their application are studied. Conclusion: improving the status of young researchers is an urgent task for the development of legislation on science. National and foreign experience demonstrates a variety of legal tools: mechanisms and tools that provide incentives for young people to engage in research activities, first of all - financial tools., Метою даної статті є вивчення українського та іноземного досвіду правового регулювання підтримки молодих дослідників, виявлення особливостей регламентації статусу молодих вчених. Сучасні глобальні виклики науково-технологічного розвитку актуалізують питання збереження національного наукового потенціалу, застосування кращих практик євроінтеграції науки та інновацій, академічної мобільності підготовки молодих наукових кадрів. Українська держава реалізує заходи з подолання негативної ситуації, що посилилась протягом ХХІ століття, для якої характерним є зниження кількості і якості наукових досліджень, виїзд талановитих вчених за кордон для продовження академічної кар’єри тощо. Вирішенню проблеми наукових кадрів сприяє просування різних форм стимулювання дослідницької діяльності та заходів підтримки дослідників, оновленню концепції правового статусу дослідника. Правовий статус дослідника формувався міжнародним правом протягом ХХ-ХХІ століття. Була сформована стандартна модель правового статусу дослідників, що включає їх права і свободи, а також обов’язки та відповідальність. В було статті праналізовано термінологічні особливості розвитку законодавства про науку в частині застосування понять «молодий вчений», «молодий дослідник», «дослідник на початку кар’єри»; стан кадрового потенціалу української науки. Досліджується передбачені національним та іноземним законодавством інструментарій підтримки молодих вчених, практика його застосування. Провівши дане дослідження можна дійти наступного висновку: вдосконалення статусу молодих дослідників є актуальним завданням розвитку законодавства про науку. Національний та іноземний досвід демонструє різноманіття правового інструментарію: механізмів та інструментів, які забезпечують стимулювання молоді до зайняття дослідницькою діяльності, перш за все – фінансових інструментів.

The 7th Young Scientist Symposium, a meeting again organized as a hybrid online event by young scientists for young scientists under the umbrella of the European Bioanalysis Forum and in collaboration with the Universities of Bologna and Ghent, included a variety of interesting presentations on cutting-edge bioanalytical science and processes. On the morning of day 2, the meeting hosted their traditional Science Café around the theme: ‘How has COVID-19 changed our future?’ in which the Young Scientist Symposium organizing committee engaged with the delegates on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the careers of young scientists working in a bioanalytical (industry or academic) laboratory, that is, things they lost, for good or for bad – things they gained, wanted or unwanted, things they learned about themselves and their industry. This manuscript provides feedback from those discussions.

Figure 1. Marla Sokolowski. A, as a graduate student at the University of Toronto in 1978. B, at York University (Assistant Professor) in 1987. C, with John Heddle, receiving the Young Scientist A...

Scientific Literacy (SL) is an important competency to deal with and keep up with the increasingly sophisticated technological developments. However, information about the SL of prospective gifted young scientists over 15 years old has not been widely revealed holistically. Therefore, this survey research aimed to investigate the SL performance of prospective gifted young scientists holistically and compare the SL performance based on the grade level. A total of 278 students from a public senior high school in Jombang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, participated in this research. They were asked to take the SL test with 18 essential question items. As a result, the participants still showed low SL performance (total success rate = 40). The one-way ANOVA test results indicated no significant difference in the participants' SL performance based on the grade level. Therefore, three recommendations were provided: teachers should use various learning models, SL should be an explicit focus in science and non-science classrooms, and schools need to be equipped with supporting facilities to accommodate student readiness to practice SL.

Shilpi Kushwaha received her PhD (2012) from the Maharaja Sayajirao University (MSU), Vadodara, and then worked as a Fulbright-Nehru Postdoctoral Research Fellow (PDF) at Arizona State University and as a Young Scientist (DST-YS) at the National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune. She is an assistant professor at the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) and a scientist at the Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI). Her current research is focused on materials (i.e., small molecules, polymers, self-assemblies, and nanomaterials) for molecular recognition, pollutant scavenging, and recovery. Ketan Patel received his PhD (2013) from MSU and later worked as a PDF at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and as a DST-YS at CSIR-NCL, Pune. He is currently an assistant professor at AcSIR and a senior scientist at CSIR-CSMCRI. His ongoing research focuses on organic and inorganic polymeric and hybrid materials for catalysis and separation.

Emily Porter describes her professional life, highlighting the challenges and benefits of working in different countries. She shows us what it means to be a woman in electrical engineering in Europe and the United States and how this has changed during the past 10 years. Dr. Porter is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin. She is the recipient of several prestigious awards, including multiple URSI Young Scientist Awards, the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Doctoral Research Award, the Irish Research Council “New Foundations” Grant, and the Royal Irish Academy Charlemont Grant.

Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Pavlovich Korol was born on July 18, 1930, in Gaisin, Vinnytsia region. In 1953, Alexander Pavlovich graduated with honors from the Lviv Medical Institute and was recommended for scientific work at the Kiev Institute of Neurosurgery, where he worked until 1961. In 1961, the young scientist headed the department of neurosurgery at the Odessa Psychoneurological Institute. In 1964, A.P. Korol organized a course of neurosurgery at the Odessa Medical Institute, which he headed until 1999.Alexander Pavlovich Korol is the author of more than 300 scientific papers, 14 inventions, was a member of the Academic Council of the Odessa Medical Institute and the specialized Scientific Council of the Kiev Research Institute of Neurosurgery, the chairman of the Association of Neurosurgeons of the Odessa Region, the chief neurosurgeon of the regional health department, a member of the board of the Ukrainian Association of Neurosurgeons, a member of the editorial boards of a number of scientific journals. Under the guidance of prof. A.P. Korol for the first time in Odessa, operations were performed under controlled hypothermia and hypotension. A.P. Korol is a pioneer in the use of hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury in Ukraine. Professor Korol is rightfully the founder of the Odessa School of Neurosurgeons. A prominent neurosurgeon and organizer, he was able to create and educate a scientific and practical team of neurosurgeons, create a neurosurgical center in the South of Ukraine, and his initiatives are continued and implemented by his followers and students.He passed away on December 7, 2003, at the age of 74, in Odessa.

Статья посвящена раскрытию теоретических и практических основ систематизации и стимулирования научной, научно-технической и инновационной деятельности в условиях университета. Рассматриваются разнообразные институты привлечения молодежи в научные проекты и инструменты поддержки как федерального уровня, так и регионального. Авторы дают оценку сложившейся ситуации в ведущих вузах Республики Башкортостан и соседних регионов, а также проводят детальный анализ потенциала и уровня вовлечения молодежи в рамках классического вуза региона, выявляют возможности усиления научных направлений Евразийского научно-образовательного центра (НОЦ) мирового уровня посредством привлечения компетенций молодых исследователей из НОЦ соседних регионов. На основе систематизации подходов к выстраиванию научной политики в среде вузовской молодежи предложен комплексный механизм мониторинга инновационной деятельности., The article is devoted to the disclosure of the theoretical and practical foundations of systematization and stimulation of scientific, technical and innovative activities in the conditions of the university. Various institutions for attracting and supporting young people in scientific projects, both at the federal and regional levels, are considered. Authors examines the current situation in the leading universities of the Republic of Bashkortostan and neighboring regions, and also carries out a detailed analysis of the potential and level of youth involvement within the framework of the classical university of the region, identifies opportunities to strengthen the scientific directions of the Eurasian world-class Research and Educational Center by attracting competencies from RECs of neighboring regions. Based on the systematization of approaches to building scientific policy among university youth, a comprehensive mechanism for monitoring innovation activity is proposed., Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал, Выпуск 2 (164) 2022

Objectives. Preserving the continuity of scientific schools and increasing scientific motivation is critical for educating new generations of researchers. One way to solve this problem is to promote the historically significant achievements of outstanding scientists working in the field, without which the foundations of modern chemical technologies cannot be imagined. The field of physical chemistry benefited immensely from the contributions made by Professor Yakov Kivovich Syrkin. This article is devoted to the analysis of the growth of Ya.K. Syrkin as a scientist and discusses his main scientific contributions to physical and quantum chemistry. Methods. The article was prepared using archival materials, bibliographic references, original texts of articles, and scientific reports. Results. The article details and documents the main scientific achievements of Ya.K. Syrkin during his work at the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute and the Ivanovo Institute of Chemistry and Technology between 1918 and 1932, showing his growth and development as a young scientist through his interactions with teachers and colleagues. Syrkin’s research on chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, catalysis, solution theory, solvate effects, and colloidal systems are presented herein. Conclusions. A retrospective analysis of the career of Ya.K. Syrkin shows the scope of his research interests and his ability to build on the foundations provided by great predecessors such as Gibbs, Van’t Hoff, Arrhenius, Ostwald, and Nernst. A comprehensive study of fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry guided Syrkin’s approach to understanding the importance of molecular structure and the nature of chemical bonds in all observed chemical phenomena.

The subject of the research is the activation of participation of students and young scientists of specialized universities in the youth competition of JSC “Russian Railways” “New link”. The relevance is related to the practical need to balance the support of contest participants-project authors-at all stages of the competition.The novelty and uniqueness of the offer “Institute mentor”: in the ”one-stop shop“ mode for students from specialized universities, Roszheldor University acts as an incubator of new business ideas, and the Institute Mentor as a tutor, business coach for support at the initial stage of projects. The Institute Mentor is an important link between railway applied science and branch railway education.Used analytical, marketing, and project methods, materials for general access to the tender documentation.At the initial stage of project preparation, instead of working independently on the idea, it is proposed to attach an Institute mentor to the students participating in the competition. At the same time, the greatest efficiency can be achieved if the team is formed of a student, a young scientist and a young specialist. As a result, a comprehensive project will be formed at the first stage, and teams will receive tools for effective preparation of work. This will achieve a balance-assistance not only from the organizer-mentor of JSC “Russian Railways”, but also from the curator of the University – Institute mentor.When implementing the offer, Russian Railways will receive stronger applications and more effective ideas for the successful development of the industry. The qualitative effects of implementing such a proposal can be the implementation of the priorities of the technical policy and strengthening the brand of JSC “Russian Railways” among young people, optimization of the “New link” project, and the involvement of young scientists-mentors from specialized universities in the “New link” project.

Parece até contraditório que quanto mais revistas científicas existam, menos objetivo se torna o processo de submeter um manuscrito, pois são muitas variáveis a serem levadas em consideração. Neste sentido, durante o processo de escolha de um periódico é preciso se perguntar: i) O que quero dizer?; ii) Para quem quero dizer?; iii) Qual o alcance que quero ter? De posse das respostas para estes questionamentos é possível que a escolha se torne um pouco menos difícil. Aqui nós discutimos as questões que envolvem a escolha de um periódico para a publicação de artigos científicos e apresentamos possíveis caminhos para auxiliar o jovem cientista nesta árdua decisão.

In the article a new test to investigate preferences of Ukrainian veterans in receiving psychological help was presented. It is designed by a war veteran and young scientist to be as simple as possible for veterans, so as not to consume their time. Named “10 Questions from Voronin” (10 QV). It is also designed to motivate veterans to think of help to prevent suicide by the means of the Zeigarnik effect. Pilot study based on 43 randomly tested Ukrainian war veterans is also introduced. Possible conclusions from this study are briefly presented and analysed.

Academic Computer Science emerged in Germany at the end of the 1960s. In 2017, the Munich universities celebrated “50 Years of Computer Science in Munich”. To this occasion various events were held; also, there was a special issue in the Informatik Spektrum, the official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik e.V. (GI – the German Society for Computer Science) and of associated organizations, as well as an anthology on Computer Science in Munich [1]. One year later, the present authors published a tribute to the research group for Artificial Intelligence/Intellectics at the TUM in a volume of the Deutsche Museum’s Preprints series [2], of which the present article is a very brief summary—for much more detailed information and impressions of former group members please refer to this booklet. The Munich group for Artificial Intelligence/Intellectics came into being thanks to academic freedom at German universities, in this case the Technical University of Munich (TUM): A single young scientist is enthusiastic about an idea, a new idea, which has not yet been worked on or supported by any professor at the TUM: Artificial Intelligence or Intellectics. The scientist initiates relationships with other colleagues, nationally and internationally; he is successful, receives research funding, and establishes a research group that asserted itself over almost four decades and influenced and advanced the field. The present article provides a brief history of the group.

The name of Juliusz Karol Marischler (1869-1931) is rarely mentioned by historians of medicine. Yet, the scientific heritage of this talented doctor is striking: his research was relevant, analytical findings – easy to understand, recommendations – easy to apply in practice. His circle of interests included various issues of internal diseases, while a thorough approach, vision of the prospects and the ability to find non-standard decisions indicated the extraordinary intelligence of this person. Aim. To tell about the life of J. Marischler, his scientific and research activities, public activities, cooperation with colleagues. Materials and methods. Periodical medical editions for 1989-1932 were reviewed: protocols of the scientific meeting of the Lviv Medical Society, printed works, reports on the activities of medical establishments. As an additional material, selected articles on the history of medicine were, Google Scholar search, literary and historical sources on related topics were used. Results. Juliusz Marischler was born in Lviv on November 16, 1869. In 1894, he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Jagiellonian University. His teachers were such prominent doctors as professors Edward Korczyński from Krakow and Edmund von Neusser from Vienna. In Lviv, J. Marischler occupied the position of an assistant at the clinic of internal diseases, where he worked since 1897. In 1902, he received the right to give lectures on internal medicine and the title of an Assistant Professor; in 1910, he became an Extraordinary Professor. In late 1902, J. Marischler left the post of the assistant at the clinic but continued teaching as an Associate Professor. At the same time, he began to pursue private practice.From the very beginning of his career, a young scientist was interested in problems and issues that were of purely academic interest for a practitioner. Yet it was no so for his inquisitive analytical mind: he was able to find topics that required extraordinary thinking, and later were practically applied. With a sober look at solving various scientific issues, lecturer Marischler easily and generously shared his knowledge, ideas, experience, and skills with his students and colleagues. He collaborated with many young talented doctors, including Adam Szulisławski, Wacław Moraczewski, Eugene Ozarkiewicz, Marian Punchyshyn. J. Marischler belonged to a cohort of Polish doctors who throughout their lifetime collaborated with the Ukrainians in spite of any political moments. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, J. Marischler was an extremely modest and noble man full of life and ideas. He could surprise people with a well-aimed idea, expressed simply and clearly. His eyes always reached beyond the horizon, which he opened for everyone. Undoubtedly, prof. J. Marischler deserves recognition and dignity as an outstanding scientist of his time.

The First International Symposium on Risk Analysis and Safety of Complex Structures and Components (IRAS 2019) was organised in-teamed with the ESIS/TC12 Technical Committee on Risk Analysis and Safety of Large Structures and Components, which took place between 1-2 July 2019 at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), in the City of Porto, located at seaside in the northwest region of Portugal. The guest editors of the IRAS 2019 deeply acknowledges all members of the International Scientific Committee, Thematic Sessions Organizers, Keynote Speakers and authors that contributed to the success of this event, that gathered more than 126 participants presenting more than 168 papers and posters. Sponsors are also fully acknowledged for their important contributions. The ESIS/TC12 2019 winners of the Robert Moskovic Award, Award of Merit TC12, and ESIS/TC12 Young Scientist Award were announced during the conference. Additionally, the guest editors (conference chairs) sincerely thank the tireless efforts of the Organizing Committee members as well as students and other FEUP and Construction Institute staff involved in the organization. Finally, the guest editors are pleased to inform that the second edition of the IRAS event will be organised by Prof. Aleksandar Sedmak (University of Belgrade, Serbia) which will take place in Belgrade in Serbia in the year 2021.

The article discusses an extraordinary event, i.e. the First International Cosmic Rays Conference, which took place in Cracow in 1947, shortly after the end of the Second World War. The conference was organized by a group of theoretical physicists from the Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Mining under the leadership of Professor Jan Weyssenhoff. The achievements of Polish physicists, especially Cracow scientists, who were involved in the study of cosmic radiation in the 1930s and 1940s are reminded of in this article. The author recalls names of outstanding physicists representing the most wellknown research centers in Europe and the United States during the Conference. The article was enriched with photographs taken during the Conference and numerous unofficial meetings that took place in October 1947 in Cracow. The author of the pictures, Andrzej Hrynkiewicz, was a young scientist, and later professor of nuclear physics at the Jagiellonian University and the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

The 6th Young Scientist Symposium, a meeting organized by young scientists for young scientists under the umbrella of the European Bioanalysis Forum vzw and in collaboration with the Universities of Bologna and Ghent, included a variety of interesting presentations on cutting edge bioanalytical science and processes. Integrated in the meeting, an interactive round table session, the Science Café, discussed the challenges related to sustainability for bioanalytical lab activities. This manuscript reflects conclusions from these discussions. They can provide our community a compass for future business practices to embrace more sustainable laboratory activities considerate of smarter use of a wide array of resources and laboratory tools, resulting in increased wellbeing for our next generations and our planet.

Originally planned as an on-site meeting, the inaugural CataLight Young Scientist Symposium (CYSS) took place as a fully online conference in November 2020. Dedicated to various aspects of photocatalysis, namely synthesis, theory, characterization, and application, CYSS aimed to provide a stage for early-career scientists to connect to each other and present their research to peers in the field. While still keeping a traditional on-site conference format including both plenary and poster sessions, several minor and major changes had to be applied to the format to deliver a full experience. In this report, we highlight key steps in the organization of such an online conference, laying a focus on using mostly open source software to minimize costs, and discuss differences to both on-site and other online conference formats.

SUMMARY This perspective looks at how social media has become even more critical since the pandemic and provides tips on how to market research outputs from a trainee viewpoint better.

Modern young scientists as representatives of the professional community of scientists now need to develop new mechanisms for realizing their potential in a business environment that is experiencing an extremely turbulent period of its development. The main purpose of this article is to comprehensively study the motivational climate as the mechanism for realizing the potential of young scientists in the business environment, which will have a positive aspect for stakeholders. The study found that the scientific achievements of most scientists are undoubtedly important for the formation of theoretical foundations for the development of a motivational mechanism, however, scientists do not single out the motivational tools for realizing the potential of young scientists, although they confirm in their researches the relationship between motivation, motivational climate and education. It is determined that the main tasks of personnel motivation are to involve staff in the organization, retain employees and ensure their loyalty to the business environment where they work, stimulate productive behaviour, control labour costs, ensure administrative efficiency, simplicity and clarity to each employee. The proposals of the authors are formed on a set of criteria for diagnosing the motivational climate of the enterprise, which will lead to constant updating and improvement of operational activities of enterprises, and effective engagement of promising young researchers as employees or partners. The algorithm of evaluating the motivational climate of the enterprise is offered in the work, which includes three stages: preparatory, evaluative, analytical. For making general evaluation it is proposed to use the index of motivational climate, which has such elements as the importance of the i-th criterion of the motivational climate of the enterprise; score assessment of the strength of motivation of the i-th criterion; and score assessment of employee satisfaction with the i-th criterion. Such evaluation of the enterprise motivational climate is important for realizing the young scientists’ potential as it gives them the possibility to evaluate if the enterprise is perspective for the future cooperation., Сучасні молоді науковці як представники професійної спільноти вчених наразі потребують розроблення нових механізмів реалізації свого потенціалу в бізнес-середовищі, яке переживає надзвичайно турбулентний період свого розвитку. Основна мета статті полягає в комплексному дослідженні мотиваційного клімату як механізму реалізації потенціалу молодих науковців у бізнес-середовищі, що матиме позитивний аспект для стейкхолдерів. У ході дослідження було встановлено, що наукові здобутки більшості учених є, безперечно, вагомими для формування теоретичних засад розроблення мотиваційного механізму, разом з тим науковці не виокремлюють саме мотиваційного інструментарію реалізації потенціалу молодих науковців, хоча й підтверджують у своїх дослідженнях взаємозв’язок мотивації, мотиваційного клімату і сфери освіти. Визначено, що основними завданням мотивації персоналу є залучення персоналу в організацію, збереження співробітників і забезпечення їхньої лояльності до бізнес-середовища, де вони працюють, стимулювання продуктивної поведінки, контроль за витратами на робочу силу, забезпечення адміністративної ефективності, простоти і зрозумілості кожному працівнику. Сформовано пропозиції щодо набору критеріїв для діагностики мотиваційного клімату підприємства, що призводитиме до постійного оновлення й удосконалення операційної діяльності підприємств та ефективного залучення перспективних молодих науковців як працівників або партнерів. Запропоновано алгоритм оцінювання мотиваційного клімату підприємства, який включає три етапи: підготовчий, оціночний, аналітичний. Для загальної оцінки пропонується використовувати індекс мотиваційного клімату, який має такі елементи, як важливість i-го критерію мотиваційного клімату підприємства; бальна оцінка сили мотивації i-го критерію; оцінка оцінки задоволеності працівників i-м критерієм. Така оцінка мотиваційного клімату підприємства є важливою для реалізації потенціалу молодих учених, оскільки дає їм можливість оцінити, чи перспективне підприємство для майбутньої співпраці та успішної реалізації спільних проєктів.

Half of each collaboration at LHC is composed of early career scientists (BSc, MSc, PhD students and PostDocs). To represent this demographic, young scientist committees were created at all LHC experiments. Although the structure and approach in these committees are different, the goals are common: represent the interests of young scientists and provide a forum to gather and discuss topics relevant to the young LHC community. In order to achieve this, several programs are organized either by individual committees or altogether as the young scientist fora. This paper introduces the early career scientist committees, details the programs organized by them and by the young scientist fora, and mentions further plans as well.

Oleh Hornykiewicz, one of the most accomplished neuropharmacologists of the 20th century passed away on May 26, 2020 at the age of 93. In 1939, Oleh’s father, a Ukrainian Catholic priest, fled with his young family from Soviet-occupied Ukraine and settled in Vienna. During his medical studies, Oleh became fascinated by pharmacology and in 1956 was awarded a fellowship to Oxford University (U.K.) where he worked with Dr. Hermann Blaschko, a pioneer in the study of enzymes of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism. At that time, it was still thought that dopamine was merely an intermediate in the synthesis of norepinephrine. Dr. Hornykiewicz demonstrated that even after its breakdown had been blocked, administration of dopamine or its precursor L-DOPA could elevate blood pressure in animal models. Dopamine was bioactive per se. Upon his return to Vienna in 1958, the young scientist began studying dopamine in the brain. Familiar with Parkinson’s Disease and intrigued by Arvid Carlsson’s finding that L-DOPA could counteract the akinesia of the reserpenized rat, Dr. Hornyckiewicz began to suspect that a dopamine deficiency mediated the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. He developed new techniques, applied these to the study of postmortem brains, and demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease was associated with a dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Shortly afterwards, he and Walter Birkmeyer observed how the intravenous administration of L-DOPA could awaken mute and akinetic patients with Parkinson’s disease. For the first time, a discreet chemical was both implicated in a complex brain disorder and could be used as a treatment. This stands as one of the seminal discoveries in neuropharmacology. To this day, L-DOPA remains a mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Over the following half-century Dr. Hornykiewicz continued his own work, generously mentored others and established brain banks in Vienna as well as in Toronto, Canada where he worked for many years. He received numerous awards, and was nominated for but not awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine, in a decision that has remained controversial. He will remain forever, a brilliant star in the history of neuropharmacology.

Primeiro a paixão, depois os estudos. Esse é o conselho de Edward Wilson aos jovens pesquisadores. Na obra intitulada “Cartas a um jovem cientista”, Wilson compartilha com o público a sua paixão pelo mundo natural e pela descoberta. Ser um cientista, antes de tudo, é ter paixão por resolver problemas. É necessário dedicação, criatividade e muito estudo, mas, o resultado é a descoberta de um mundo natural em evolução. A obra de Wilson é um verdadeiro testamento aos pesquisadores aspirantes e futuros cientistas.

В материалах статьи проведён комплексный анализ теоретических подходов к формированию политических предпочтений современной российской молодёжи. Статья содержит аналитический материал, проанализированы теории и подходы к пониманию факторов, влияющих на электоральное поведение современной молодёжи., A comprehensive analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of political preferences of modern Russian youth is presented in the article. The article contains analytical material; theories and approaches to understanding factors that affect the electoral behavior of modern youth are analyzed.

The opportunities in the fields of probiotics and prebiotics to a great degree stem from what we can learn about how they influence the microbiota and interact with the host. We discuss recent insights, cutting-edge technologies and controversial results from the perspective of early career researchers innovating in these areas. This perspective emerged from the 2019 meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics - Student and Fellows Association (ISAPP-SFA). Probiotic and prebiotic research is being driven by genetic characterization and modification of strains, state-of-the-artin vitro,in vivo, andin silicotechniques designed to uncover the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on their targets, and metabolomic tools to identify key molecules that mediate benefits on the host. These research tools offer unprecedented insights into the functionality of probiotics and prebiotics in the host ecosystem. Young scientists need to acquire these diverse toolsets, or form inter-connected teams to perform comprehensive experiments and systematic analysis of data. This will be critical to identify microbial structure and co-dependencies at body sites and determine how administered probiotic strains and prebiotic substances influence the host. This and other strategies proposed in this review will pave the way for translating the health benefits observed during research into real-life outcomes. Probiotic strains and prebiotic products can contribute greatly to the amelioration of global issues threatening society. The intent of this article is to provide an early career researcher's perspective on where the biggest opportunities lie to advance science and impact human health.

Tierui Zhang is a full Professor in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the director of Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS. He is associate editor of Science Bulletin and also serves as an editorial board member for several peer-reviewed journals including Advanced Energy Materials, ChemPhysChem, Scientific Reports, and Solar RRL. He has published more than 200 papers in refereed SCI journals, including Nat. Commun., Chem. Soc. Rev., Adv. Mater., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., and J. Am. Chem. Soc., with total number of citations >14000 and a h-index of 64. He was named in the annual Highly Cited Researchers 2018/2019 List by Clarivate Analytics. He was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship, National High-Level Talents Special Support Program, "Outstanding Young Scholars" of the National Science Fund, and so on. He is the recipient of numerous awards including 2019 "Nano Research Young Innovators Award" in NanoEnergy and Outstanding Young Scientist in Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. He was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) in 2017.

В статье на примере предприятий ракетно-космической промышленности продемонстрирована взаимосвязь спада экономического развития наукоемких отраслей промышленности и оттока молодых ученых и специалистов. Проведено исследование по выявлению причин увольнения молодых ученых и специалистов на отечественных предприятий ракетно-космической промышленности.

The Nobel Prize award announcements in the first week of October every year are always eagerly anticipated by the scientific community. As a physicist, I always paid particular attention to the physics prize. Given that this prize is considered the most prestigious prize in science, it is often bestowed on a scientist or a trio of scientists whose discoveries or inventions have stood up to a career-long examination by the physics community. When the Nobel Prize is awarded to a young scientist, it is particularly noteworthy. That was the case for 2010 when the Nobel Prize in Physics [1] was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, both from the University of Manchester. Their award, for the discovery and investigation of graphene, a novel two-dimensional form of carbon, is noteworthy not only because of the investigators’ young age, but also since it is rare for a Nobel Prize to be awarded so soon after the prize-winning work—in this case the initial discoveries were in 2004.

The paper is devoted to the anniversary – the 210th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist and clinician Grigory Ivanovich Sokolsky. G.I. Sokolsky made a huge contribution to the development of rheumatology, internal medicine, pathofisiology, and to the enhancement of disease diagnostic capabilities. He published many works in various branches of medicine. The surprising fact is that the young scientist published one or two large works every year in the second half of the 1830s. The scientist won international recognition for his work “On Rheumatism of Heart Muscle Tissue” (1836) that opened up a new understanding of the pathophysiology of rheumatism, by establishing a relationship of joint injuries to the heart. The clinical introduction and teaching of auscultation and percussion also became G.I. Sokolsky’s priceless merit to Russian medicine.

Ada Twist is a perky young scientist who is bursting with curiosity. That may sound annoying, but her enthusiasm is infectious, says Gregory Wakeman

Learning the basic competencies of critical thinking are very important in the education of any young scientist, and teachers must be prepared to help students develop a valuable set of analytic tools. In my experience, this is best achieved by encouraging students to study areas with little scientific consensus, such as the control mechanisms of the exercise ventilatory response, as it can allow greater objectivity when evaluating evidence, while also giving students the freedom to think independently and problem solve. In this article, I discuss teaching strategies by which physiology, biomedical science, and sport science students can simultaneously develop their understanding of respiratory control mechanisms and learn to critically analyze evidence thoroughly. This can be best achieved by utilizing both teacher-led and student-led learning environments, the latter of which encourages the development of learner autonomy and independent problem solving. In this article, I also aim to demonstrate a systematic approach of critical assessment that students can be taught, adapt, and apply independently. Among other things, this strategy involves: 1) defining the precise phenomenon in question; 2) understanding what investigations must demonstrate to explain the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms; 3) evaluating the explanations/mechanisms of the phenomenon and the evidence for them; and 4) forming strategies to produce strong evidence, if none exists.

WILGA annual symposium on advanced photonic and electronic systems has been organized by young scientist for young scientists since two decades. It traditionally gathers more than 350 young researchers and their tutors. Ph.D students and graduates present their recent achievements during well attended oral sessions. Wilga is a very good digest of Ph.D. works carried out at technical universities in electronics and photonics, as well as information sciences throughout Poland and some neighboring countries. Publishing patronage over Wilga keep Elektronika technical journal by SEP, IJET by PAN and Proceedings of SPIE. The latter world editorial series publishes annually more than 200 papers from Wilga. Wilga 2017 was the XL edition of this meeting. The following topical tracks were distinguished: photonics, electronics, information technologies and system research. The article is a digest of some chosen works presented during Wilga 2017 symposium. WILGA 2017 works were published in Proc. SPIE vol.10445.

An outstanding Indonesian young scientist on bioinformatics

At the 31st SETAC Europe annual meeting, virtual Scientific Conference 3–6 May 2021, T. Schaubroeck received the SETAC Europe Young Scientist LCA Award 2021.

We thank Emil Aaltonen Foundation providing a young scientist grant for this research (O.N.). MS and AEL were supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) David Phillips Research Fellowship (BB/G022887/1).

Chromium is one of the heavy metals that significantly affect water quality in Mongolia. The present study is focused on the remediation of surface water contaminated with chromium (III) by a permeable barrier in order to prevent sediment pollution. The adsorption capacity of the selected materials (13X zeolite and vermiculite) was investigated at different sorbent dosages, pH and initial Cr(III) concentration. The equilibrium adsorption studies showed that vermiculite has a higher Cr(III) removal efficiency in comparison with 13X zeolite. A fungal isolate obtained from the sediment samples collected near Tuul River (Mongolia) was selected from enriched Luria-Bertani medium, showing a good performance for Cr(III) removal (78.2\% for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L). The fungal isolate was genetically typed by DNA sequencing and was identified as belonging to the Alternaria alternata species. 13X zeolite showed the best performance for Cr removal in the permeable barrier assays compared to vermiculite, achieving a total removal of 96\\% and a global uptake of 2.49 mg/g. After 13 days of operation none of the barriers reached saturation with chromium., A previous version of the paper has been presented in the 2nd EWaS International Conference: BEfficient & Sustainable Water Systems Management toward Worth Living Development^, Chania, Crete, Greece, 1-4 June 2016. This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Bruna Silva is thankful to the FCT for the concession of a Post-Doc grant (SFRH/BPD/112354/2015). Sampling process was supported by the collaborative research grant of National Academy of Sciences of Taiwan and Science and Technology Foundation of Mongolia, project code NCS-NECS2013003 and co-funded by the Young Scientist Grant (SEAS-2015075) of National University of Mongolia. E. Tuuguu would like to acknowledge the Erasmus-Mundus AREAS+ program for the opportunity to conduct research at CEB-University of Minho., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: young scientists engaged in creative activities face difficulties during scientific research, implementation and commercialisation of the results. The impossibility of coping with obstacles leads to the impairment of motivational and creative activity. The problem of studying the main semantic contents of difficult situations and strategies to cope with them becomes relevant as it is conducive to the process of personal development of young scientists. Materials and Methods: the authors used a questionnaire with open-ended questions for revealing the main difficulties and coping strategies in the process of research activity; COPE questionnaire adapted by E. Rasskazova, T. Gordeyeva, E. Osin; Style of Self-Regulation of Behaviour technique by V. I. Morosanova. Statistical data processing was carried out with descriptive statistics methods, analysis of frequencies, factor analysis (Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalisation), cluster analysis (furthest neighbour method and Ward’s method). Results: eight main semantic categories related to difficulties experienced in the process of performing the research work have been detected. The main ways of coping with arising difficulties have been identified. Types of respondents different in terms of coping strategies and regulatory-behavioural characteristics have been distinguished. Discussion and Conclusions: difficulties of self-organisation in time for realisation of new meanings, difficulties in structuring the research work and search for information act as psychological barriers provoking mental stress. The most efficient coping strategies in respondents are strategies Active coping and search for positive meaning and personal development. The inefficient coping strategy with difficulties complicating the process of self-development is Avoiding problems strategies.