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Adipocytes are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that play a prominent role in supporting tumor growth. However, the characteristics of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) that contribute to the pro-tumorigenic niche remain to be fully established. Here, we used adipocyte-specific Beclin1 KO (BaKO) mice to investigate the role of maladaptive adipocytes in promoting tumor progression. BECN1-deficient adipocytes exhibited downregulation of adipogenic markers and activation of YAP/TAZ signaling, similar to the traits observed in CAAs. Thus, we generated adipocyte-specific Becn1/Yap1/Taz KO mice, which exhibit markedly restored phenotypes in adipose tissue, resulting in tumor regression compared to that in BaKO. Further, we observed dysregulation of the BECN1-YAP/TAZ axis in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Treatment with the YAP/TAZ inhibitor, verteporfin, suppressed tumor progression in BaKO and HFD-fed mice, highlighting its efficacy against mice with metabolic dysregulation. Our findings provide insights into CAA formation and its significance in determining malignant TME, thereby suggesting a potential dual therapeutic strategy simultaneously targeting adipocyte homeostasis and cancer growth.

Pectus excavatum (PE) is known as one of the most common congenital deformities of the anterior chest wall. The Nuss procedure is an effective surgical therapy to correct PE. Here, we report a case of recurrent cardiac tamponade due to hemopericardium that occurred after 16 months following the Nuss procedure. The cause of recurrent hemopericardium was thought to be local, repetitive irritation of the pericardium by the Nuss steel bar. We should keep in mind that this serious complication can occur after the Nuss procedure, even in the late phase.

Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets type 1A (VDDR1A, OMIM 264700) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Pathogenic variants in the CYP27B1 gene lead to loss of 1α-hydroxylase activity. We report the case of a 22-month-old toddler who presented with growth retardation and delayed development. The patient exhibited the typical laboratory findings of VDDR1A, including hypocalcemia (calcium: 5.2 mg/dL), elevated serum level of alkaline phosphatase (2,600 U/L), elevated serum level of intact-parathyroid hormone (238 pg/mL), low 1,25(OH)2D3 level (11.2 pg/mL), and normal 25(OH)D3 level (40.7 ng/mL). His height and weight were 76.5 cm and 9.5 kg, respectively (both

Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets type 1A (VDDR1A, OMIM 264700) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Pathogenic variants in the CYP27B1 gene lead to loss of 1α-hydroxylase activity. We report the case of a 22-month-old toddler who presented with growth retardation and delayed development. The patient exhibited the typical laboratory findings of VDDR1A, including hypocalcemia (calcium: 5.2 mg/dL), elevated serum level of alkaline phosphatase (2,600 U/L), elevated serum level of intact-parathyroid hormone (238 pg/mL), low 1,25(OH)2D3 level (11.2 pg/mL), and normal 25(OH)D3 level (40.7 ng/mL). His height and weight were 76.5 cm and 9.5 kg, respectively (both

Objectives Simultaneous transplantation of a solid organ and bone marrow from the same donor is a possible means of achieving transplant tolerance. Here, we attempted to identify biomarkers that indicate transplant tolerance for discontinuation of immunosuppressants in combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT). Methods Conventional kidney transplant (KT) recipients (n = 20) and CKBMT recipients (n = 6) were included in this study. We examined various immunological parameters by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including the frequency and phenotype of regulatory T (Treg) cell subpopulations. We also examined the suppressive activity of the Treg cell population in the setting of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with or without Treg cell depletion. Results Among six CKBMT recipients, three successfully discontinued immunosuppressants (tolerant group) and three could not (non‐tolerant group). The CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cell subpopulation was expanded in CKBMT recipients compared to conventional kidney transplant patients, and this was more obvious in the tolerant group than the non‐tolerant group. In addition, high suppressive activity of the Treg cell population was observed in the tolerant group. The ratio of CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cells to CD45RA−FOXP3+ cells indicated good discrimination between the tolerant and non‐tolerant groups. Conclusion Thus, our findings propose a biomarker that can distinguish CKBMT patients who achieve transplant tolerance and are eligible for discontinuation of immunosuppressants and may provide insight into tolerance mechanisms in CKBMT., In this study, we attempted to identify biomarkers that indicate transplant tolerance for discontinuation of immunosuppressants in combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT). We focused on CD4+CD25+CD127loFoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and their subpopulations and found that the CD45RA–FoxP3++ Treg cell subpopulation was expanded in the tolerant group among CKBMT recipients. As a result, the ratio of CD45RA–FoxP3++ Treg cells to CD45RA–FoxP3+ cells indicated good discrimination between the tolerant and non‐tolerant groups. Our current findings propose a biomarker that can distinguish CKBMT patients who achieve transplant tolerance and are eligible for discontinuation of immunosuppressants and provide insight into tolerance mechanisms in CKBMT.

Objectives Simultaneous transplantation of a solid organ and bone marrow from the same donor is a possible means of achieving transplant tolerance. Here, we attempted to identify biomarkers that indicate transplant tolerance for discontinuation of immunosuppressants in combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT). Methods Conventional kidney transplant (KT) recipients (n = 20) and CKBMT recipients (n = 6) were included in this study. We examined various immunological parameters by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including the frequency and phenotype of regulatory T (Treg) cell subpopulations. We also examined the suppressive activity of the Treg cell population in the setting of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with or without Treg cell depletion. Results Among six CKBMT recipients, three successfully discontinued immunosuppressants (tolerant group) and three could not (non‐tolerant group). The CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cell subpopulation was expanded in CKBMT recipients compared to conventional kidney transplant patients, and this was more obvious in the tolerant group than the non‐tolerant group. In addition, high suppressive activity of the Treg cell population was observed in the tolerant group. The ratio of CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cells to CD45RA−FOXP3+ cells indicated good discrimination between the tolerant and non‐tolerant groups. Conclusion Thus, our findings propose a biomarker that can distinguish CKBMT patients who achieve transplant tolerance and are eligible for discontinuation of immunosuppressants and may provide insight into tolerance mechanisms in CKBMT.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of orthodontic bonding agents containing silver- or zinc-doped bioactive glass (BAG) and determine the antibacterial and remineralization effects of these agents. Methods BAG was synthesized using the alkali-mediated solgel method. Orthodontic bonding agents containing BAG were prepared by mixing BAG with flowable resin. Transbond™ XT (TXT) and Charmfil™ Flow (CF) were used as controls. Ion release, cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, the shear bond strength, and the adhesive remnant index were evaluated. To assess the remineralization properties of BAG, micro-computed tomography was performed after pH cycling. Results The BAG-containing bonding agents showed no noticeable cytotoxicity and suppressed bacterial growth. When these bonding agents were used, demineralization after pH cycling began approximately 200 to 300 µm away from the bracket. On the other hand, when CF and TXT were used, all surfaces that were not covered by the adhesive were demineralized after pH cycling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that orthodontic bonding agents containing silver- or zinc-doped BAG have stronger antibacterial and remineralization effects compared with conventional orthodontic adhesives; thus, they are suitable for use in orthodontic practice.

Background aims Major challenges in de-differentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) therapy are the high rate of sequential recurrence (>80%) and metastasis (20–30%) following surgical removal. However, well-defined therapeutic strategies for this rare malignancy are lacking and are critically needed. Methods We investigated a new approach to DDLPS therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells expressing herpes simplex virus–thymidine kinase (MSC-TK). In an effort to evaluate this efficacy, in vitro cytotoxicity of MSC-TK against DDLPS cells was analyzed using an apoptosis assay. For pre-clinical study, the MSC-TK–induced reduction in recurrence and metastasis was validated in a recurrent DDLPS model after the macroscopic complete resection and lung metastasis DDLPS model. Results MSC-TK induced apoptosis in DDLPS cells by bystander effects via gap junction intracellular communication (GJIC) of toxic ganciclovir (GCV). Recurrent DDLPS models following no residual tumor/microscopic tumor resection and lung metastasis DDLPS models were established, which suggested clinical relevance. MSC-TK markedly reduced locoregional recurrence rates and prolonged recurrence-free survival, thus increasing overall survival in the recurrent DDLPS model. MSC-TK followed by GCV treatment yielded a statistically significant reduction in early- and advanced-stage lung metastasis. Discussion This therapeutic strategy may serve as an alternative or additional strategy by applying MSC-TK to target residual tumors following surgical resection, thus reducing local relapse and metastasis in these patients.

Background Although the induction of mixed allogeneic chimera shows promising clinical tolerance results in organ transplantation, its clinical relevance as an anti-cancer therapy is yet unknown. We introduced a mixed allogenic chimera setting with the use of a murine colon cancer cell line, CT26, by performing double bone marrow transplantation. Methods We analyzed donor- and recipient-restricted anti-cancer T-cell responses, and phenotypes of subpopulations of T cells. The protocol involves challenging 1 × 105 cells of CT26 cells intra-hepatically on day 50 after bone marrow transplantation, and, by use of CT26 lysates and an H-2Ld-restricted AH1 pentamer, flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect the generation of cancer-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at various time points. Results We found that immunocompetence against tumors depends heavily on cancer-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in a major histocompatibility complex–restricted manner; the evidence was further supported by the increase of interferon-γ–secreting CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that during the effector immune response to CT26 cancer challenge, there was a presence of central memory cells (CD62LhiCCR7+) as well as effector memory cells (CD62LloCCR7−). Moreover, mixed allogeneic chimeras (BALB/c to C56BL/6 or vice versa) showed similar or heightened immune responses to CT26 cells compared with that of wild-type mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that the responses of primary immunocompetency and of pre-existing memory T cells against allogeneic cancer are sustained and preserved long-term in a mixed allogeneic chimeric environment.

Various age estimation approaches have been proposed in dental clinic, and it is necessary to have a simple, easy, fast and conservative method that can be applied to living individuals. In this study, an age estimation model was established by measuring the change in the pulp/tooth ratio that occurs due to the progression of pulp calcification associated with aging. This was done using CBCT to image the buccolingual and horizontal dimensions of the maxillary canine. Two hundred and five clinical CBCT images (age range: 20–77 years) were analyzed. In this study, we used the largest pulp/tooth area (S, sagittal pulp/tooth area ratio %) on the buccolingual sectional image in order to overcome the limitations of using a superimposed image in 2D. In addition, horizontal section images were obtained from the CEJ(HC, horizontal pulp/tooth area ratio % on CEJ) and 1/2 of root length(HA, horizontal pulp/tooth area ratio % on mid-root) positions, where the greatest degree of calcification takes place. The pulp/root area ratios were calculated from these images using a numerical analysis software. According to the resultant age estimation model, age can be. This method uses the largest buccolingual and horizontal sectional CBCT canine images without image distortion. Bucolingual sectional image(S) is the largest predictor variables(36.4%) compared to HC(29.7%) and HA(22.4%). This model involves the use of a numerical analysis software, which is quick and easy to use, because it calculate pulp and tooth area by semi-automatic.

Orthodontic treatment involving the bonding of fixed appliances to tooth surfaces can cause white spot lesions (WSLs). WSLs increase the likelihood of cavity formation and hence require preservation and prosthetic restoration. Therefore, the prevention of WSLs is of greater importance than treatment. Application of fluoride or the use of fluoride-containing mouthwash can prevent WSLs, but this requires patient cooperation and additional time and cost. Bioactive glass containing 2.5% fluoride was synthesized and mixed with the orthodontic bonding adhesive Transbond XT Low Flow (LV) at ratios of 1, 3, and 5% to prepare orthodontic adhesive samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. The Vickers hardness test, bracket retention test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of the samples were analysed to determine their mechanical properties. To determine the biological cytotoxicity, the cell activity of the samples was evaluated using cell viability tests and the antibacterial activity was analysed using Streptococcus mutans. To evaluate the anti-demineralization effect, the sample was bonded to extracted teeth and a pH cycle test was performed. Micro computed tomography data were obtained from the bonded teeth and sample, and the anti-demineralization effect was evaluated using the ImageJ software program. The Vickers hardness of the sample was higher than that of LV and was dependent on the concentration of fluoride-containing bioactive glass (FBAG). The bracket retention test and ARI of the sample showed no significant differences from those of LV. The cell viability test showed no significant changes at 24 and 48 h after application of the sample. The fluoride ion release test indicated an ion release rate of 9.5&ndash, 17.4 &mu, g/cm2. The antibacterial activity of the experimental group containing FBAG was significantly higher than that of the LV group. The anti-demineralization test showed a concentration-dependent increase. However, the resin containing 5 mass% FBAG (FBAG5) showed a statistically-significant increase compared with LV. The orthodontic adhesive containing FBAG showed antibacterial and anti-demineralization effects, thus indicating possible WSL prevention activity.

All orthodontic appliances are potentially cariogenic. The plaque around the orthodontic appliance can make demineralization on tooth surface causing white spot lesion (WSL). The most effective method to prevent WSL is Fluoride appliance and gargling, but this requires patient cooperation, which consumes additional treatment time and cost. As suggested in this study, biomaterials like bioactive glass and fluorinated graphite (FGt) having antibacterial and anti-demineralization ability effective and easy to use in the clinic. To clinically use orthodontic bonding resins containing Graphite Fluoride BAG (FGtBAG), its properties, biological stability, antimicrobial activity, and remineralization effect must be verified. BAG was mixed with 2.5% FGt containing 51 to 61% fluorine. This mixture was mixed with the CharmFill Flow (CF) in the ratios of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. Microhardness and shear bond strength tests were performed to evaluate its mechanical properties. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetra) assay was performed for evaluating its safety. Streptococcus mutans, which is major cariogen by producing lactic acid, was evaluated for antibacterial ability of reducing WSL. In addition, x-ray images were obtained by CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) after a pH cycle. The remineralization effect was verified in vivo and by Image J. FGtBAG did not differ significantly from CF in mechanical tests. The MTT assay found no significant differences between the groups. The antibacterial activity of FGtBAG at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of CF. The fluoride release rate tended to increase with the FGtBAG content. The pH cycle results showed that FGtBAG had higher concentration-dependent remineralization effect than CF. The results of this study suggests that orthodontic resins containing FGtBAG can prevent WSL owing to their antibacterial activity and remineralization effect.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine, by statistical shape analysis of original and mirrored skeletal landmarks, the optimal landmark-based midsagittal reference plane for evaluation of facial asymmetry. Methods The study sample comprised 69 patients with facial asymmetry (36 men, 33 women; mean age, 23.0 ± 4.1 years). All landmarks were obtained with cone-beam computed tomography using a 3-dimensional coordinate system. For identifying the landmark-based midsagittal reference plane, the 3 landmarks nearest to the symmetric midsagittal reference plane were selected by ordinary and generalized Procrustes analyses. To verify the 3-landmark-based midsagittal reference plane's compatibility with the symmetric midsagittal reference plane, asymmetry measurements were calculated and tested for each. Results The 3 nearest landmarks (nasion, anterior nasal spine, and posterior nasal spine) were selected for the 3-landmark-based midsagittal reference plane. The averages of the sums of the squared Euclidean distance and the squared Procrustes distance differences between the 2 configurations and shapes fabricated by the symmetric and landmark-based midsagittal reference planes, respectively, were calculated as 0.121 ± 0.241 mm and 1.69 × 10 −6 ± 3.25 × 10 −6 . The testing results for the symmetric and landmark-based midsagittal reference planes were almost the same. Conclusion The results indicated that a 3-dimensional midsagittal reference plane constructed of nasion, anterior nasal spine, and posterior nasal spine could be a valuable tool for the evaluation of patients with facial asymmetry.

In recent years, an international community has been trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy usages in a variety of endeavors. In particular, a comprehensive and long-term policy for reducing building energy use is required since the building energy takes the biggest burden among the greenhouse gas emissions and the energy use. Advanced countries in the area of the reduction of building energy consumption, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, etc., had already established a long-term strategy and implemented the strategy to policies. EU countries established pan-national dimensions of policies such as EPBD (Energy Performance of Building Directive). A variety of regulations and supports for reducing the building energy consumption are implemented in our nation, and the corporate-driven new construction-oriented policy has been converted into the policy for improving energy performance based on existing public buildings. In this work, we propose a scheme to cut down the energy use for the existing public buildings through simulation studies. SBD (Simulation Based Design) is set up based on analysis of the existing public buildings and energy simulation tasks are performed. Then, a methodology is presented to improve the building energy efficiency implementing energy-saving elements obtained from the energy simulation tasks.

Aim The aim of the present study was to show an association between restricted activity related to chronic diseases and suicidal ideation (SI) in elderly Korean adults after adjusting for age, sex, mental health status, socioeconomic position and health behavior factors. Methods The study sample included 3545 Korean men (n = 1473) and women (n = 2073), aged over 65 years from the 2007–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey carried out by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea. Participants were classified into two groups based on whether they had previously experienced suicidal thoughts. Restricted activity was related to chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accident and so on. We analyzed the data using Student's t-test or χ2-test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between restricted activity as the independent variable and SI as the dependent variable after adjustment for confounders. Results The proportion of participants with SI population was 29.1%. People with SI reported a significantly higher proportion of restrictive activity (62.3%) than those who did not have SI (34.5%). The adjusted risk excess (OR) of SI was statistically significant with regard to restricted activity (2.11, 95% CI 1.65–2.70; 2.85, 95% CI 1.95–4.15) in males; 1.69 (95% CI 1.22–2.34) in females after adjustment for potential confounders. In particular, women who lived alone showed high adjusted OR (1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.24). Conclusions Statistical analyses from this community-based, random sample drawn from a selected sample of the elderly Korean population showed that restricted activity appears to be significantly associated with SI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 983–988.

This study is aimed at evaluating 1-year clinical outcomes and their predictors in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA)-related acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In total 248 patients diagnosed with AMI involving the ULMCA as the culprit vessel and registered in the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction database were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided according to the absence (shock-, n = 206) or presence (shock+, n = 42) of cardiogenic shock at initial presentation. Independent risk factors of in-hospital cardiac death associated with ULMCA-related AMI were elucidated by multivariate regression analysis. In-hospital mortality rates were 8.7% in the shock- group and 47.6% in the shock+ group (p = 0.001). During 1-year follow-up after discharge, major adverse cardiac events developed in 16.3% of patients in the shock- group and 18.2% of patients in the shock+ group (p = 0.828); cardiac death, MI, and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization were similar between the 2 groups at 1 year. On multivariate analysis, initial shock presentation (odds ratio 8.9, confidence interval 4.1 to 19.2, p = 0.004) and left ventricular ejection fraction30% (odds ratio 7.6, confidence interval 2.7 to 21.1, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors of in-hospital cardiac death associated with ULMCA-related AMI. In conclusion, almost 1/2 of patients with ULMCA-related AMI presenting with cardiogenic shock had a fatal in-hospital outcome compared to10% of those without cardiogenic shock; however, clinical outcomes after survival of the in-hospital period were not different between these groups.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the volumetric change of the upper airway space in 36 Class III patients who had undergone bimaxillary surgery or isolated mandibular setback, and, further, to analyse the relation between post-surgical stability and airway change using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A three-dimensional (3D) CBCT examination was performed at three stages: T0 (before surgery), T1 (an average of 4.6 months after surgery), and T2 (an average of 1.4 years after surgery). The results showed that the volumes of the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airways decreased significantly 4.6 months post-surgery in the mandibular setback group (p

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the arch form of the root apices of normally erupting teeth and then determine the differences in the location of the apex of impacted canines relative to normally erupting canines. In addition, we sought to determine whether the labiopalatal position of the impacted canines influences the position of the apices. Methods The study included 21 patients with unerupted canines that subsequently had a normal eruption, 21 patients with palatally impacted canines, 27 patients with labially impacted canines, and 17 patients with midalveolus impacted canines. Images were obtained using cone beam computed tomography, and the x, y, and z coordinates of the root apices were determined using Ondemand3D software (Cybermed Co., Seoul, Korea). Two-dimensional coordinates were converted from acquired 3-dimensional coordinates via projection on a palatal plane, and the Procrustes method was used to process the converted 2-dimensional coordinates and to draw the arch forms of the root apices. Finally, we measured the extent of root apex deviation from the arch forms of the root apices. Results Normally erupting canines showed that even though calcifications may be immature, their positions were aligned with a normal arch form. The root apices of the impacted canines were an average of 6.572 mm away from the root apices' arch form, whereas those of the contralateral nonimpacted canines were an average distance of 2.221 mm away, a statistically significant difference. The palatally impacted canines’ root apices distribution tended toward the first premolar root apices. Conclusions Incompletely calcified, unerupted teeth with a subsequent normal eruption showed a normal arch form of the root apices. The root apices of impacted canines were farther from the arch forms than were the nonimpacted canines. Also, the root apices of impacted canines in the palatal area showed distributions different from those of the other impacted canine groups.

In order to use LiMn 2 O 4 as a cathode material of lithium-secondary battery for an electric vehicle (EV), its rate capability should be improved. To enhance the rate capability of LiMn 2 O 4 in this work, the surface of LiMn 2 O 4 particle was coated with LiCoO 2 by a sol–gel method. Because LiCoO 2 has a higher electric conductivity than LiMn 2 O 4 , it is possible to improve the rate capability of LiMn 2 O 4 . After the surface coating, LiCoO 2 -coated LiMn 2 O 4 showed a higher discharge capacity of 120 mAh/g than as-received LiMn 2 O 4 (115 mAh/g) because LiCoO 2 has a higher capacity than LiMn 2 O 4 . The rate capability of the coated LiMn 2 O 4 improved significantly. While as-received LiMn 2 O 4 maintained only 50% of its maximum capacity at a 20 C rate (2400 mA/g), the LiCoO 2 -coated LiMn 2 O 4 maintained more than 80% of maximum capacity. LiCoO 2 -coated LiMn 2 O 4 with 3 wt.% conducting agent (acetylene black) showed the higher rate capability than as-received LiMn 2 O 4 with 20 wt.% conducting agent. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) result that the first and second semicircles of coated LiMn 2 O 4 were reduced, the improvement of rate capability is attributed to a decrease of passivation film that acts as an electronic insulating layer and a reduced inter-particle contact resistance. Accordingly, It is proposed that the surface coating of LiMn 2 O 4 with LiCoO 2 improve the rate capability as well as the specific and volumetric energy density due to the decrease of conducting agent.

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize primary cells from extrauterine carcinosarcoma (CS) and to establish a primary CS xenograft mouse model.MethodsPrimary cells were isolated from a patient with CS and cultured in vitro. Primary CS cells were verified for their ability to consecutively generate tumorigenesis in NOD/SCID mice. The properties of xenograft tumor and explants cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic, and FACS analysis. Anticancer drug susceptibility of primary CS was analyzed using CCK-8.ResultsPrimary CS cells greater than 27 passages in vitro showed an ability of a series of xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo having the same marker expression and cytogenetic character as that of original tumor. In addition, explants of xenograft tumors retained their original characteristics in the in vitro culture system. Finally, the analysis of the susceptibility to anticancer drug revealed that primary CS cells were susceptible to both doxorubicin and nilotinib, which are tyrosine kinase inhibitors.ConclusionsThe primary CS cells and the primary CS xenograft tumorigenesis introduce a new therapeutic model for targeting cancer and also explore a deeper understanding of generation of the tumor itself.

The aim of the present study was to show an association between restricted activity related to chronic diseases and suicidal ideation (SI) in elderly Korean adults after adjusting for age, sex, mental health status, socioeconomic position and health behavior factors.The study sample included 3545 Korean men (n=1473) and women (n=2073), aged over 65 years from the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey carried out by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea. Participants were classified into two groups based on whether they had previously experienced suicidal thoughts. Restricted activity was related to chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accident and so on. We analyzed the data using Student's t-test or χ(2) -test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between restricted activity as the independent variable and SI as the dependent variable after adjustment for confounders.The proportion of participants with SI population was 29.1%. People with SI reported a significantly higher proportion of restrictive activity (62.3%) than those who did not have SI (34.5%). The adjusted risk excess (OR) of SI was statistically significant with regard to restricted activity (2.11, 95% CI 1.65-2.70; 2.85, 95% CI 1.95-4.15) in males; 1.69 (95% CI 1.22-2.34) in females after adjustment for potential confounders. In particular, women who lived alone showed high adjusted OR (1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.24).Statistical analyses from this community-based, random sample drawn from a selected sample of the elderly Korean population showed that restricted activity appears to be significantly associated with SI.

BackgroundErythropoietin, through its specific receptor (EpoR), may induce responses in a variety of non-haematopoietic tissues including malignant cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of EpoR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to correlate the levels of EpoR expression with the clinicopathological properties of HCC and tumour recurrence.MethodsThe study included 134 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related primary HCC. The clinical, laboratory and pathological data from these patients were retrospectively collected. The expression of EpoR mRNA and protein were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively.ResultsExpression of EpoR mRNA in the cirrhotic liver was positively correlated with tumour cell differentiation and 1-year disease-free survival (74.8% in the high expression group versus 46.9% in the low expression group; P = 0.001), as it was for EpoR mRNA expression in HCC (64.4% in the high expression group versus 52.7% in the low expression group; P = 0.044). Tumour recurrence showed stronger dependence on the expression of EpoR protein in non-malignant cirrhotic livers than in HCC.ConclusionIn HBV-related HCC, the levels of EpoR mRNA and protein in non-tumour cirrhotic livers were positively correlated with tumour cell differentiation, which is a favourable predictor of disease-specific survival.

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical impact of the presence of Q wave on ECG in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary angioplasty. From April 2005 to September 2009, 184 consecutive STEMI patients who visited hospital within 12 hours after

The reperfusion time is critical in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and it makes a difference to clinical outcomes. This study was designed to investigate the hospital visit pattern and its effect on reperfusion time and clinical outcomes of STEMI patients.

Hematoma of gastric wall is very rare, and occasionally associated with coagulopathy, trauma, peptic ulcer disease, and therapeutic endoscopy. Ischemic gastric necrosis is also rare because of the abundant anastomotic supply to the stomach, and it is usually associated with surgery and disruption of the major vessels. Endoscopic submucosal injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HS-E) is a safe, cost-effective, and widely used therapy for hemostasis but it may cause tissue necrosis and perforation. We describe a case of gastric wall hematoma with oozing bleeding after endoscopic gastric mucosa biopsy in 71-year old woman with chronic renal failure and angina pectoris undergoing anti-platelet medication. We injected a small dose of HS-E (7ml) for controlling oozing bleeding. Two days later, endoscopy showed huge ulcer with necrotic tissue at the site of previously hematoma. Therefore we should pay particular attention for hematoma and mucosal necrosis when performing endoscopic procedure in a patients with high bleeding and atherosclerotic risk.