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The Huayuan orefield in the SW Yangtze Block (SW China) is a world-class Pb-Zn orefield, with over 20 million tonnes (Mt) metal reserve. However, the Pb-Zn ore fluid source and evolution in Huayuan remain controversial. This study determined the major and trace element compositions of the newly-identified apatite from the Pb-Zn ores, using electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The apatite samples are of hydrothermal origin, and have high CaO (52.57–57.15 wt%), P2O5 (39.26–42.88 wt%) and F (1.82–3.90 wt%) but low Cl (< 0.42 wt%) contents. The samples have total rare Earth element content (ΣREE) of 74.07–1,255.34 ppm, and they all show negative Eu and weakly positive Ce anomalies. The result suggests that the apatite was formed in an environment with decreasing oxygen fugacity, and in relatively F-rich, Cl-poor, and REE-poor ore-forming fluid. We geochemically compared the apatite from Huayuan with those from different geneses by Fisher discriminant. The result suggests that the Huayuan apatite is distinct from typical magmatic and purely hydrothermal apatite, and that the ore-forming fluids may have had multiple sources. The mixing of fluids with different origins may have triggered significant metal ore deposition.

As the main carrier for the protective casing purposes, cementing material is an important part in cementing design. In order to obtain a high temperature and high pressure resistant cementing material with low elasticity, we investigated on the high-temperature resistant cementing material used in geological exploration drilling materials to seek better cementing material for fulfilling requirements of high-temperature, and to find the best formula using orthogonal test. With compositions of the material in different proportions, this article investigated performances of the cementing material, as thickening time, loss of water, and compressive strength. By comparison, high-temperature resistant cementing materials experimental technology program has been finally estimated, and the composition ratio of the components are determined.

Acidity is a very important character of ionic liquids, which determines the application of ionic liquids in catalysis. In some cases, the adjustment of ionic liquids acidity becomes important and necessary. Focusing on acidic ionic liquids, researches on determination of acidity, application of acidic ionic liquids in alkylation, acidic adjustment methods and novel acidic ionic liquids were reviewed. Finally the development of acidic ionic liquids is discussed.

Acidity is a very important character of ionic liquids, which determines the application of ionic liquids in catalysis. In some cases, the adjustment of ionic liquids acidity becomes important and necessary. Focusing on acidic ionic liquids, researches on determination of acidity, application of acidic ionic liquids in alkylation, acidic adjustment methods and novel acidic ionic liquids were reviewed. Finally the development of acidic ionic liquids is discussed.