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BACKGROUND: The inflammatory response caused by the NLRP3 is closely related to the formation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Costimulatory receptor CD137 and its ligand play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory immune response in atherosclerosis, which is the fundamental cause of cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of CD137 signaling in the process of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remain unknown. METHODS: Genetic ablation was used to determine the functional significance of CD137 in myocardial IR injury. Expression of CD137 was examined by Western-blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry in a murine IR model by coronary artery ligation. Even’s blue-TTC staining and echocardiography to evaluate the severity of myocardial IR injury. Furthermore, HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with agonist-CD137 recombinant protein were used to explore the underlying mechanism in CD137 signaling-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation or LPS/ATP. RESULTS: We demonstrated that CD137 knockout significantly improved cardiac function, accompanied by a markedly reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response and IA/AAR which were reversed by mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1. Activating CD137 signaling significantly inhibited mitophagy and provoked NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response in H/R-injured or LPS-primed and ATP-stimulated HL-1 cardiomyocytes, the effects of which could be abolished by either anti-CD137 or mitophagy activator FCCP. Besides, mitochondrial ROS was augmented by activating CD137 signaling through the suppression of mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that activating CD137 signaling aggravates myocardial IR injury by upregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation via suppressing mitophagy and promoting mtROS generation.

The observation that mid-ocean ridge basalts had ~3× higher iodine/plutonium ratios (inferred from xenon isotopes) compared to ocean island basalts holds critical insights into Earth’s accretion. Understanding whether this difference stems from core formation alone or heterogeneous accretion is, however, hindered by the unknown geochemical behavior of plutonium during core formation. Here, we use first-principles molecular dynamics to quantify the metal-silicate partition coefficients of iodine and plutonium during core formation and find that both iodine and plutonium partly partition into metal liquid. Using multistage core formation modeling, we show that core formation alone is unlikely to explain the iodine/plutonium difference between mantle reservoirs. Instead, our results reveal a heterogeneous accretion history, whereby predominant accretion of volatile-poor differentiated planetesimals was followed by a secondary phase of accretion of volatile-rich undifferentiated meteorites. This implies that Earth inherited part of its volatiles, including its water, from late accretion of chondrites, with a notable carbonaceous chondrite contribution.

Variability in user performance has been a crucial hurdle that prevents the adoption of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), but the factors that led to the variations were unclear. This study investigates the effect of age on the strength of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) – an important attribute that determines the BCI performance. Ninety-three subjects ranging from six to 78 years old were recruited for the study, and each of them was tested for their SSVEPs in response to flickering lights of five different frequencies presented at random sequences. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the strength of SSVEP and user age, with weaker SSVEP response registered in older subjects at all stimulation frequencies tested. Further inter-group comparisons indicated that older subjects tended to show more attenuated SSVEP response compared to the younger and the middle-aged subjects, while there is no significant difference in the SSVEP amplitude between the subjects from the younger and the middle-age groups. The SSVEP response was stronger when elicited using light-emitting diode (LED) compared to liquid crystal display (LCD) stimulators. These findings suggest that age as an important factor in BCI performance, and learning about the age-associated changes could provide additional insight into adapting the BCI system to individual users.

This paper investigates the tumor microenvironment regulated by densely interconnected capillaries, resulting in the distribution of tumor-induced biological gradient field (BGF) in taxicab-geometry vasculature (TGV). We aim to improve the efficiency of tumor targeting with the knowledge of BGF in TGV, which is facilitated by a swarm of magnetic nanorobots. An external system observes and records the nanorobot swarm (NS) reaction to the BGF. Then the NS is controlled to move toward the potential tumor location by an external magnetic field. In this way, the BGF formed under the constraint of TGV is the objective function to be optimized, where the tumor center corresponds to the maximum value. The high-risk tissue area is the domain of the objective function, while the NS plays the role of a computing agent. Subsequently, we propose the coordinate gradient descent (CGD) targeting strategy for NS steering. This strategy estimates the BGF in the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of NS to improve the efficiency of tumor detection. In addition, it considers the limited lifespan of NS in vivo, where a memory step-size mechanism (MSM) is utilized to reduce the targeting time. We use computational experiments to show that the CGD strategy yields higher tumor-targeting probabilities than the brute-force search and the original gradient-descent-inspired targeting strategy for the BGF subject to TGV.

LncRNA DDX11 antisense RNA 1 (DDX11-AS1) is recognized as having an imperative oncogenic role in different types of human cancer. Nevertheless, the functions, as well as the basic mechanisms of DDX11-AS1 in the EMT process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), are yet to be clarified. In this research, high DDX11-AS1 expression was detected in ESCC cells as well as tissues and was linked to the poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. DDX11-AS1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion ability and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vitro. Mechanistic analysis depicted that DDX11-AS1 may function as a ceRNA through sponging miR-30d-5p to upregulate the expression of SNAI1 and ZEB2. Meanwhile, overexpression of DDX11-AS1 might cause the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting miR-30d-5p. On the whole, the findings of this research illustrate that DDX11-AS1 may act as an EMT-related lncRNA to advance ESCC progression through sponging miR-30d-5p to regulate SNAI1/ZEB2 expression and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which indicates that it might serve as a probable therapeutic target for ESCC.

Objective To investigate the predictive and guiding significance of peripheral blood biomarkers on the therapeutic effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment on lung cancer patients. Methods We collected the data of 200 lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment, including clinical indicators, peripheral blood indicators, efficacy indicators and survival indicators. Results The DCR of patients with non-hepatic metastasis, immune combined chemotherapy, NLR≤2.81 and LDH≤202.5 u/L was higher (P < 0.05). The AUC value of NLR combined with LDH predicting DCR was 0.698 (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that non-hepatic metastasis, first-line immunotherapy, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and LDH≤202.5 u/L were related to PFS (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the patients with non-hepatic metastasis and LDH≤202.5 u/L had longer PFS (P < 0.05). The significant decrease of NLR and LDH after two cycles of immunotherapy indicated the effectiveness of immunotherapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion NLR≤2.81, LDH≤202.5 u/L, non-hepatic metastasis and immunotherapy combined chemotherapy are positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy. Non-hepatic metastasis and LDH≤202.5 u/L are independent prognostic factors of the patients treated with immunotherapy. The changes of peripheral blood NLR and LDH are related to the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment.

In order to improve the tribological properties of graphene reinforced polymer composites, ionic liquids (IL) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were deposited on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets surface to ameliorate the compatibility between graphene and bismaleimide (BMI) matrix, as well as the stability of their self-lubricating transfer films. Their tribological properties were evaluated, and the wear mechanism was studied by means of surface/interface analysis, respectively. It could be found that CQDs/IL/rGO could improve the stability of the friction coefficient and decrease the volume wear rate of their BMI composites. When the filler amount was only 0.6 wt%, the friction coefficient and volume wear rate of CQDs/IL/rGO/BMI composites decreased by 41.2% and 94.7% compared with the neat BMI, respectively. Also, the CQDs/IL/rGO/BMI composites exhibited the lowest friction coefficient fluctuations and volume wear rate than those of other composites. Because of the synergistic effects of the CQDs, IL and rGO, uniform, continuous and steady self-lubricating transfer film could be formed during the friction process, thus significantly improving the anti-friction and wear-resistance properties of CQDs/IL/rGO/BMI composites. More importantly, the unique combinations of advantages of each functional component can also be applied in many other fields, such as catalysis, chemical sensors, etc.

Little is known about the origin of the spectral diversity of asteroids and what it says about conditions in the protoplanetary disk. Here, we show that samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu have Fe isotopic anomalies indistinguishable from Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites, which are distinct from all other carbonaceous chondrites. Iron isotopes, therefore, demonstrate that Ryugu and CI chondrites formed in a reservoir that was different from the source regions of other carbonaceous asteroids. Growth and migration of the giant planets destabilized nearby planetesimals and ejected some inward to be implanted into the Main Belt. In this framework, most carbonaceous chondrites may have originated from regions around the birthplaces of Jupiter and Saturn, while the distinct isotopic composition of CI chondrites and Ryugu may reflect their formation further away in the disk, owing their presence in the inner Solar System to excitation by Uranus and Neptune., Science Advances, 8 (46), ISSN:2375-2548

CO2 -transformations into high value-added products have become a fascinating area in green chemistry. Herein, a Ru(III)-porphyrin catalyst (RuCl3 ⋅ 3H2 O-H2 TPP) was found highly efficient in the three-component reaction of CO2 , aliphatic amines and dichloroethane (or its derivative) for synthesis of oxazolidinones in the yields of 71∼91%. It was indicated by means of the control experiments and UV-vis spectra that CO2 was stoichiometrically activated by the involved aliphatic amine substrates to form a stable carbamate salt while 1,2-dichloroethane (or its derivative) was independently activated by the involved Ru(III)-porphyrin catalyst. The combination of CO2 -activation by aliphatic amines with 1,2-dichloroethane activation by Ru(III)-porphyrin catalyst cooperatively contributed to this successful transformation.

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate function and mechanism of miR-373 in proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells by regulating NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase sirtulin 1 (SIRT1). Materials and Methods: This experimental study included two PC cell lines AsPC-1 and PANC-1 in which expression levels of miR-373 and SIRT1 were manipulated. The level of miR-373 was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Expression levels of SIRT1, BCL-2, BAX, cleaved CASPASE-8/9/3, PARP, PGC-1α, NRF2, eNOS and iNOS were examined via RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The binding sites of miR-373 on the SIRT1 were examined via dual-luciferase assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay, colony formation assay, Annexin-V/PI staining and TUNEL assay. The oxidative metabolic changes were monitored by reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) detection. Results: miR-373 could specifically target the 3’-UTR of SIRT1 and reduce its expression in PC cells. Either elevated expression of miR-373 or partial loss of SIRT1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Accumulation of BAX and cleaved CASPASE-8/9/3, inhibition of PGC-1α/NRF2 pathway, increase oxidative stress and reduction of BCL-2 as well as uncleaved PARP were found in the presence of miR-373 or the absence of SIRT1. Overexpression of SIRT1 could reduce anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of miR-373. Conclusion: Overall, this study concluded that miR-373-dependent SIRT1 inhibition displays anti-proliferative and proapoptotic roles in PC cells via PGC-1α/NRF2 pathway, which highlights miR-373 as a potential target for PC treatment.

Background Some studies at home and abroad have discussed the related factors affecting the occurrence of lower limb lymphedema in patients with cervical cancer, but the conclusions are not consistent. Therefore, in this study, meta analysis was used to summarize the risk factors of lower limb lymphedema in patients with cervical cancer, and to explore the characteristics of cervical cancer high-risk population, so as to provide reference for early detection and prevention of lower limb lymphedema. Methods Electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database were consistently and exhaustively searched. Meta analysis of all eligible research results was carried out by using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results We will disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis via publications in peer-reviewed journals. Conclusions This study will summarize the risk factors of lower limb lymphedema for cervical cancer and provide evidence for clinical intervention strategies.

The amino dicarbonylation of aryl halides affording α-ketoamides with Pd catalysts is highly dependent on the stereoelectronic properties of the involved ligands. Ionic diphosphine ligand L4 can se...

We propose to develop a wide-field and ultra-high-precision photometric survey mission, temporarily named "Earth 2.0 (ET)". This mission is designed to measure, for the first time, the occurrence rate and the orbital distributions of Earth-sized planets. ET consists of seven 30cm telescopes, to be launched to the Earth-Sun's L2 point. Six of these are transit telescopes with a field of view of 500 square degrees. Staring in the direction that encompasses the original Kepler field for four continuous years, this monitoring will return tens of thousands of transiting planets, including the elusive Earth twins orbiting solar-type stars. The seventh telescope is a 30cm microlensing telescope that will monitor an area of 4 square degrees toward the galactic bulge. This, combined with simultaneous ground-based KMTNet observations, will measure masses for hundreds of long-period and free-floating planets. Together, the transit and the microlensing telescopes will revolutionize our understandings of terrestrial planets across a large swath of orbital distances and free space. In addition, the survey data will also facilitate studies in the fields of asteroseismology, Galactic archeology, time-domain sciences, and black holes in binaries., 116 pages,79 figures

Formic acid (FA) is one kind of important bulk chemicals, which is recognized as a sustainable and eco-friendly energy carrier to transport H2 via dehydrogenation or CO via decarbonylation. Expectantly, FA upon decomposition into H2 and CO could be used as the syngas alternative for hydroformylation. In this paper, the behaviors of FA to release H2 as well as CO following the distinct pathways were carefully investigated for the first time, and then established a new hydroformylation protocol free of syngas. It was found that the atmospheric hydroformylation of olefins with formic acid (FA) as syngas alternative was smoothly fulfilled over Xantphos (L1) modified Rh-catalyst under mild conditions (80 °C, Rh concentration 1 mol %, 14 h), resulting in >90% conversion of the olefins along with the high selectivity to the target aldehydes (>93%). By using FA as syngas source, the side-reaction of olefin-hydrogenation was greatly depressed. The in situ FT-IR and the high-pressure 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses were applied to reveal how FA behaves dually as CO surrogate and hydrogen source over L1-Rh(acac)(CO)2 catalytic system, based on which the deeply insight into the catalytic mechanism of hydroformylation of olefins with FA as syngas alternative was offered.

Water-based polymers have been widely used in coating materials, but their durability and service life are often greatly reduced due to macroscopic damage or cracking caused by external forces. In this paper, poly(propylene glycol) terminated with ortho-amiomethylphenyl diboronic acid (AMPBA-PPG) and cross-linked polymer containing boroxine (CLP-boroxine) were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution. Then the CLP-boroxine was introduced into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to prepare AMPBA-PPG/WPU composite emulsion for leather finishing and CLP-boroxine/WPU composite film. The self-healing characterization results showed that the self-healing efficiency of the 15 wt% CLP-boroxine/WPU film was as high as 93.6% after only 4 h of water stimulation at room temperature. Compared with neat WPU finished leather, the leather samples finished with AMPBA-PPG/WPU exhibited more excellent wear-resistance. More importantly, the leather coating finished with AMPBA-PPG/WPU still showed nice wear-resistance even after wear and self-healing treatment. These results are attributed to that the hydrogen bonds between AMPBA-PPG and WPU, WPU, and WPU, and the dynamic reversible covalent bonds in AMPBA-PPG can improve/increase the self-healing efficiency of the composite coating. In addition, the boron hydroxyl groups in AMPBA-PPG could also react with the hydroxyl groups on the leather surface, thereby further improving the wear-resistance of the leather coating. Dynamic boronate ester bonds can not only endow WPU excellent self-healing properties but also improve wear-resistance of its leather coating.

Family firms face many uncertainties in a dynamic entrepreneurial context. Previous studies have shown strategic entrepreneurship can help firms effectively cope with uncertainties. There are few studies on how family-firm entrepreneurs make strategic decisions and engage in strategic entrepreneurial behavior. This may prevent managers lacking the necessary action guidelines from effectively implementing entrepreneurial behavior. we aim to explore the micro-behavioral mechanisms of strategic entrepreneurship in family firms. A longitudinal single case study based on grounded theory was conducted to explore these issues. Results show that (i) the entrepreneur’s identity will constantly evolve to adapt to the entrepreneurial context during the life cycle of the corporation; (ii) entrepreneurs influence strategic entrepreneurial activities through the dynamic evolution and interaction of their identities; (iii) different entrepreneurial emotional states affect the strategic entrepreneurial behavior mechanisms. As a result, dynamic interactions between entrepreneurial identities have a significant impact on emotional states such as entrepreneurial well-being, which may significantly affect the implementation pattern of strategic entrepreneurial behaviors and the sustainable development of the firm. This paper provides a novel theoretical perspective on the path and behavioral choices of strategic entrepreneurship in firms, and also provides action guidelines and theoretical references for family business managers to implement strategic entrepreneurial behavior.

The one-pot synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 2-furoic acid with a yield of 57 % was achieved for the first time using a Pd-catalyzed bromination-hydroxycarbonylation tandem reaction in HOAc-NaOAc buffer. This synthetic protocol shows major improvements compared to previously reported methods, such as using biomass-based 2-furoic acid as low-cost raw material, one-pot synthesis without isolation of intermediate products, and no need for an acidification procedure. Experiments indicate that the involved Xantphos-modified Pd-catalyst and the buffer solution play significant promoting roles for each individual reaction whereas Br

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain patients' heterogeneous data that are collected from medical providers involved in the patient's care, including medical notes, clinical events, laboratory test results, symptoms, and diagnoses. In the field of modern healthcare, predicting whether patients would experience any risks based on their EHRs has emerged as a promising research area, in which artificial intelligence (AI) plays a key role. To make AI models practically applicable, it is required that the prediction results should be both accurate and interpretable. To achieve this goal, this paper proposed a label-dependent and event-guided risk prediction model (LERP) to predict the presence of multiple disease risks by mainly extracting information from unstructured medical notes. Our model is featured in the following aspects. First, we adopt a label-dependent mechanism that gives greater attention to words from medical notes that are semantically similar to the names of risk labels. Secondly, as the clinical events (e.g., treatments and drugs) can also indicate the health status of patients, our model utilizes the information from events and uses them to generate an event-guided representation of medical notes. Thirdly, both label-dependent and event-guided representations are integrated to make a robust prediction, in which the interpretability is enabled by the attention weights over words from medical notes. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, we apply it to the MIMIC-III dataset, which contains real-world EHRs collected from hospitals. Our method is evaluated in both quantitative and qualitative ways.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jis-10.1177_01655515221105038 for Improved PageRank and New Indices for Academic Impact Evaluation Using AI Papers as Case Studies by Rui Wang, Shijie Li, Qing Yin, Ji Zhang, Rujing Yao and Ou Wu in Journal of Information Science

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jis-10.1177_01655515221105038 for Improved PageRank and New Indices for Academic Impact Evaluation Using AI Papers as Case Studies by Rui Wang, Shijie Li, Qing Yin, Ji Zhang, Rujing Yao and Ou Wu in Journal of Information Science

The extraterrestrial materials returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu consist predominantly of low-temperature aqueously formed secondary minerals and are chemically and mineralogically similar to CI (Ivuna-type) carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we show that high-temperature anhydrous primary minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites exhibit a bimodal distribution of oxygen isotopic compositions: 16O-rich (associated with refractory inclusions) and 16O-poor (associated with chondrules). Both the 16O-rich and 16O-poor minerals probably formed in the inner solar protoplanetary disk and were subsequently transported outward. The abundance ratios of the 16O-rich to 16O-poor minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites are higher than in other carbonaceous chondrite groups but are similar to that of comet 81P/Wild2, suggesting that Ryugu and CI chondrites accreted in the outer Solar System closer to the accretion region of comets., Science Advances, 8 (50), ISSN:2375-2548

An efficient strategy for the construction of fused imidazole derivatives through a palladium-catalyzed isocyanide insertion reaction has been accomplished. The methodology provides an operationally simple and versatile route for the synthesis of indeno[1,2-d]imidazole and imidazo[1,2-a]indole skeletons which are rarely reported. The key features of the protocol are construction of sequential C-C/C-C/C-N bonds via C(sp2)-H functionalization of imidazole at the C2- and C4-position, respectively. The compounds can be synthesized with diverse scaffolds, easily accessible starting materials, and moderate to good yields.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. The treatment of cervical cancer mainly focused on surgery and radiotherapy, whereas the prognosis of invasive cervical cancer is still low. Ginkgo biloba is an ancient medicinal plant that has been used for decades to treat ischemic strokes and cognitive decline. Ginkgolide B, an active ingredient extracted from Ginkgo biloba, has multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Ginkgolide B has been found to have anti-tumor effects and inhibits the progression of multiple types of cancers. However, its potential role in cervical cancer is still unclear. In this study, we found that ginkgolide B suppresses the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Ginkgolide B also induces cell cycle arrest and stimulates cell apoptosis by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway. We, therefore, present a novel and promising anti-tumor drug for the treatment of cervical cancer.

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This article is devoted to the boundedness problem for a class of non-autonomous stochastic delay differential systems driven by G -Brownian motion. Using the G -Lyapunov function method, some sufficient conditions are derived for the pth moment asymptotical boundedness and stability.

Running is one of the ‘low-cost’ popular activities for both competition and leisure. High occurrence of running injuries are observed due to repetitive loading on the lower extremities musculoskeletal structure. Although the association between shoes cushioning with running biomechanics have been established, the detailed relationships are yet to be identified due to limited instrumentation setup in exploring such association. This study compares the mechanical aging of shoe cushioning via developed instrumentation system versus the hydraulic testing machine. Preliminary comparisons between the latter were explored in this study.

Flip-flops are common and popular among Malaysian, considering our hot and humid weather. However, thong-type flip-flops had often been blame as not provide support to lower extremities and thus may cause injury. Therefore the objective of this study is to assess the effect of non-contoured flip-flops during normal walking. Barefoot and flip-flops walking had been tested on 31 volunteers. Kinetic parameters were measured with embedded force plate treadmill, while kinematic parameters were measure using camera recording. Findings show that all different design of thong-type non-contoured flip-flops does not give significant impact on vertical ground reaction force. Walking with flip-flops will significantly increase the step length and stride length, and this decrease the cadence while comparing with barefoot walking. Flip-flops with wider base may help in prevent ankle sprain by significantly reduce the ankle angle during heel strike. The study suggested that flip-flops may not help in reducing the impact of VGRF on lower limb, but may help in reducing the ankle angle and hence prevent the chance of ankle sprain.

The shoe heel drop is defined as the heel-to-toe drop of the shoe and becomes one of the characteristics for choosing a pair of suitable running shoes. Higher heel drops which has more cushioning system is postulated to improve runner performance and to protect runners against high impact force. However, there is currently no evidence that different heel drop developed for the modern-day running shoes emerging on the market could improve running efficiency and injury prevention. In this study, a biomechanical analysis will be performed on non-trained leisure runner to investigate the association between shoe heel drop and the alteration of the lower extremity kinematic and kinetic parameters. 15 male healthy subjects were recruited to run on H/P Cosmos Instrumented Treadmill with three different conditions: (i) barefoot, heel drops of (ii) 4mm (D4) and (iii) 10mm (D10). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the differences across the shoe heel drop. The result revealed that compared to barefoot condition, step length, stride length and cadence significant greater in the footwear with heal conditions ( $\mathrm{p} ). There is no significant difference between conditions in the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and knee joint moments ( $\mathrm{p} > 0.05$ ).

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The Sari��i��ek howardite meteorite shower consisting of 343 documented stones occurred on 2 September 2015 in Turkey and is the first documented howardite fall. Cosmogenic isotopes show that Sari��i��ek experienced a complex cosmic ray exposure history, exposed during ~12-14 Ma in a regolith near the surface of a parent asteroid, and that an ca.1 m sized meteoroid was launched by an impact 22 +/- 2 Ma ago to Earth (as did one third of all HED meteorites). SIMS dating of zircon and baddeleyite yielded 4550.4 +/- 2.5 Ma and 4553 +/- 8.8 Ma crystallization ages for the basaltic magma clasts. The apatite U-Pb age of 4525 +/- 17 Ma, K-Ar age of ~3.9 Ga, and the U,Th-He ages of 1.8 +/- 0.7 and 2.6 +/- 0.3 Ga are interpreted to represent thermal metamorphic and impact-related resetting ages, respectively. Petrographic, geochemical and O-, Cr- and Ti- isotopic studies confirm that Sari��i��ek belongs to the normal clan of HED meteorites. Petrographic observations and analysis of organic material indicate a small portion of carbonaceous chondrite material in the Sari��i��ek regolith and organic contamination of the meteorite after a few days on soil. Video observations of the fall show an atmospheric entry at 17.3 +/- 0.8 kms-1 from NW, fragmentations at 37, 33, 31 and 27 km altitude, and provide a pre-atmospheric orbit that is the first dynamical link between the normal HED meteorite clan and the inner Main Belt. Spectral data indicate the similarity of Sari��i��ek with the Vesta asteroid family spectra, a group of asteroids stretching to delivery resonances, which includes (4) Vesta. Dynamical modeling of meteoroid delivery to Earth shows that the disruption of a ca.1 km sized Vesta family asteroid or a ~10 km sized impact crater on Vesta is required to provide sufficient meteoroids

Supplemental Figure 2. Adjusted associations of second trimester maternal thyroid and placental hCGalpha with expression and receptive communication measured by the Bayley’s Scales at 1 year of age. The x and y axis variables are labeled for each plot. The black lines and gray shaded areas represent the modeled association and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounding. The black dots represent the observed unadjusted values, not controlled for confounders.

Radio frequency crosslink is usually used in constellation which is composed by several satellites. Deviation of the antenna pointing angle can lead to failure in the setting process of crosslink. Satellites will involve more deviation of antenna pointing angles in real orbit condition. So it is important to test the engineering design accuracy of satellite antenna pointing algorithm. A test system of satellite antenna pointing performance based on dynamic orbit model is designed, which is used to solve the problem of timing deviation of data in the test process of satellite antenna pointing performance. The timing deviation model is analyzed. Using the timing recovery module, the test error results (with and without timing information) of antenna pointing angle are unified, both of which are within 0.001° when the test process is based on the same orbit condition. Thus, the test system proposed can get the reliable results of engineering design accuracy of satellite antenna pointing algorithm.

BACKGROUND: A new disposable percutaneous positioning device was developed which permits adjustment of the fixing puncture angle while performing a percutaneous core needle lung biopsy (CNLB). The aim of the study was to explore the positioning accuracy and clinical safety of the new device during CT-guided percutaneous CNLB. METHODS: A prospective, open and randomized controlled study with two parallel groups was conducted on 150 patients with pulmonary nodules between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019 including 101 males and 49 females who were divided (allocation ratio: 1:1) into a standard CNLB group without the percutaneous positioning device (control, n=75) and a new percutaneous positioning device group combined with CNLB (experimental, n=75). The efficacy was determined by the success rate of reaching the target location on the first percutaneous attempt, the number of CT scans performed and the time required for successful puncture positioning. Safety evaluations included complications related to percutaneous surgery and the new positioning device. RESULTS: The success rate of reaching the target location on the first percutaneous attempt in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group [96.0% (72/75) vs. 42.7% (32/75), P

3D games have become popular in recent years. However, it is easy to produce a symptom when playing games, called 3D discomfort or motion sickness. The current explanations mostly focus on the authenticity of the game or the differences in the physiological level of the viewer. There is a rare discussion about whether the game causes human visual and brain discomfort which are caused by the 3D game production process. As many people feel uncomfortable with 3D games, the players gradually lose enthusiasm for the game. This study aims to understand motion sickness through the experiment and confirm that the field of view and viewing distance causes motion sickness through data collection. The experiment in this study has open and closed scenarios for psychological and physical tests. In the experiment, the players determine the most comfortable and uncomfortable vision and distance. The responses using a questionnaire are collected and analyzed in the online community. Based on the data, we test whether motion sickness occurs in different scenarios. The result helps prevent motion sickness in the game and allows players to enjoy the game. The result also provides basic data to prevent motion sickness in the game.

There are more than half of the female in the world wearing of high heeled shoes on a daily basis, despite reported on lack of comfort and support. Carrying load with the increased of heel height will significantly can alter the gait pattern which may cause the serious impacts to body musculoskeletal system. This study was performed to investigate the combined effects of the asymmetric load and high heeled shoe to the ankle joints kinetics associated with the changes in lower extremity kinematic parameters. 15 female walked in high heeled shoes with the selection of their preferred walking speeds have been collected in this study. The result revealed that the barefoot gait has longer stride length and step length compared to 2 inch and 4 inch high heeled shoes. The maximum VGRF showed significant changes as the asymmetric load increased. The maximum VGRF of both loaded and unloaded limbs has significant increased as the load weight and heels height increased. Besides, ankle joint force is significant increased as heels height increased. Therefore, women are encouraging to avoid or minimize the wearing of higher heels while carrying heavier asymmetric load.

The study aims to investigate on the association between cognitive performance and genetic variance of DRD2 for the student with different educational background. A total of 77 subjects were recruited with 37 art students and 40 science students. The subjects were required to carry out a cognitive test and blood sample is collected for genetic variance test. Written consent was obtained before the data collection. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood for PCR. Genotype results revealed that both art and science groups have a similar allelic frequency which indicates that gene does not affect educational preference. The performance of the MCCB cognitive test was analyzed and it did not differ significantly in both groups. Thus, the study result suggested that educational background will not affect the cognitive performance. In addition, there was no significant association between gene and cognitive performance for subjects from different educational background. However, there was a strong positive correlation between the cognition performance of reasoning and problem solving and speed of processing.

Spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis and resolving inflammation. However, the mechanism triggering this apoptosis remains obscure. In the present study, we performed a global metabolomics analysis of neutrophils undergoing spontaneous apoptosis by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and found 23 metabolites and 42 related pathways that were altered in these cells. Among them, glutathione, which is known to be involved in apoptosis, was particularly interesting. We found that L-pyroglutamic acid, glutamate, and their glutathione-mediated embolic pathways were all changed. Our findings confirmed the glutathione levels decreased in apoptotic neutrophils. Exogenous glutathione and LPS treatment delayed neutrophil apoptosis and decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3. γ-glutamylcyclotransferase, 5-oxoprolinase, and ChaC1, which participated in glutathione degradation, were all activated. At the same time, the down-regulation of ATP production suggested the activity of glutathione biosynthesis may be attenuated even if glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase, which are two ATP-dependent enzymes participating in glutathione biosynthesis, were enhanced. To our knowledge, this is the first report highlighting a global metabolomics analysis using hydrophilic interaction chromatography ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the potential involvement of glutathione depletion in spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils demonstrating that LPS could delay this process.

In Shamir’s (k,n) secret sharing scheme, the distributor splits a secret into n shares(shadows), and sends the shares to n participants. Each participant has a different share. In the phase of secret reconstruction, only K or more participants with their shares can reconstruct the secret together, less than K participants can’t reconstruct the secret, and know nothing about the secret. Shamir’s scheme is unconditionally secure in theory. However, this scheme can’t prevent adversaries from cheating. In asynchronous communication, a dishonest participant or a foreign adversary sends a fake share to the honest participants after he gets the shares from other participants and will reconstruct the secret alone while the other honest participants cannot reconstruct the secret. This scheme does not verify the share and identify the participants. In this paper, an efficient share verification method based on Merkel tree will be discussed, in which the root and authentication paths of a Merkel tree are used to verify shares between the participants, so that they can reconstruct secrets correctly after verifying and eliminating the fake shares. This method does not need complex algorithms and estimating the number of cheaters in advance, and will not increase the size of each share.