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Endüstri devriminin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilen 18. yüzyıldan günümüze bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmeler endüstrileşme sürecini oluşturmuş ve bu süreç belirli dönemlere ayrılmıştır. 20. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren bilim ve teknolojideki ilerlemelerle endüstride ortaya çıkan gelişmeler Dördüncü Endüstri Devrimi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dördüncü Endüstri Devrimi robotik, yapay zekâ, özerk taşıtlar, nesnelerin interneti, üç boyutlu yazıcılar, nano-teknoloji, biyo-teknoloji, malzeme bilimi gibi çok çeşitli alanlarda yenilikçi teknolojik atılımları kapsamaktadır. Yeniliklerin çok daha hızlı bir biçimde dünyayı şekillendirdiği 21. yüzyılda moda endüstrisi de değişimlerden etkilenmektedir. Çalışma bu süreçte moda endüstrisinde meydana gelen değişimleri ürün tasarımı, üretimi, satış ve dağıtım başlıkları çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Süreçte ortaya çıkan durumun betimlenmesi, moda tasarımcıları ve üreticileri için oluşturacağı fırsat ve güçlüklerin açıklanması amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma süreçte ortaya çıkan bu yenilikleri sınıflandırarak, daha sonra ortaya çıkabilecek yenilikleri takip etmek isteyen tasarımcı ve araştırmacılar için bir yol haritası geliştirilmesi hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada Dördüncü Endüstri Devrimi kapsamında genel eğilimlerin moda endüstrisine yansıması olarak ortaya çıkan yeni uygulamalar açıklanarak, metin betimleyici örneklerle zenginleştirilmektedir.

For the first time, the present review critically evaluates biodegradable polymer matrix composites containing graphene-related materials (GRMs) for antibacterial applications while discussing their development, processing routes, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity. Due to its suitable biological properties and processability, chitosan has been the most widely used biodegradable polymer for the fabrication of GRM-containing composites with antibacterial properties. The majority of biodegradable polymers (including cellulose-, gelatine-, PVA-, PCL-, and PHA-based polymers) exhibit little to no antibacterial effect alone; however, they show significant antibacterial activity (gt;70%) when combined with GRMs. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that GRMs functionalization with biodegradable polymers also reduces potential GRM cytotoxicity. Overall, GRMs in biodegradable polymer matrices provide attractive antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria (gt;30 different bacteria) along with improved mechanical properties over pristine polymers, where the type and the degree of improvement provided by GRMs depend on the specific matrix. For example, the addition of GRMs into chitosan, PVA, and PCL matrices increases their tensile strength by 80%, 180%, and 40%, respectively. Challenges remain in understanding the effects of processing routes and post-processing methods on the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of biodegradable polymer/GRM composites. Given their promising properties and functionality, research on these composites is expected to further increase along with the implementation of new composite systems. These would include a wide range of applications, e.g., wound dressings, tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, and photo-thermal therapy, as well as non-medical use, e.g., antibacterial food packaging, water treatment, and antibacterial fabrics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Graphene-related materials (GRMs) in polymer matrices can provide excellent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria together with improved mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength and elastic modulus) over pristine polymers; thus, research efforts and applications of biodegradable polymer matrix composites containing GRMs have increased notably in the last ten years. For the first time, the present review critically evaluates biodegradable polymer matrix composites containing GRMs for antibacterial applications while discussing their development, processing routes, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity. Future research directions for each composite system are proposed to shed light on overcoming the existing challenges in composite performance (e.g., mechanical properties, toxicity) reported in the literature.

Purpose This study aims to elucidate the relationship between nutritional status and various biochemical parameters and migraine symptoms. Design/methodology/approach The disability of individuals aged 19–64 years old with episodic migraine (n = 80, female n = 64, male n = 16) was assessed with the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, and migraine severity was evaluated with the visual analog scale. The metabolic risks of individuals were determined by analyzing body composition, various biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements. Nutrients and energy intake levels were measured using the food consumption recording form. Findings Body muscle mass percentage was correlated directly with migraine severity and inversely with the attack duration (r = 0.26, p = 0.01 and r = −0.29, p = 0.007, respectively). High bone mass was associated with low attack frequency (r = −0.23, p = 0.03), while high body fat percentage was associated with long attack duration (r = 0.28, p = 0.009). A significant direct correlation was found between total cholesterol level and migraine severity and attack duration (r = 0.25, p = 0.02) and between triglyceride level and attack duration (r = 0.26, p = 0.01). There was a direct correlation between serum thyroxine (T4) level and migraine attack severity (r = 0.23, p = 0.03). There was a significant direct correlation between energy and carbohydrate intake and migraine severity (r = 0.26, p = 0.02 and r = 0.30, p = 0.009, respectively), protein and vitamin B2 intake and attack frequency (r = 0.24, p = 0.03 and r = 0.23, p = 0.04, respectively) and an inverse correlation between monounsaturated fatty acid, fiber and vitamin C intake and migraine severity score (r = −0.35, p = 0.002; r = −0.25, p = 0.02; and r = −0.41, p = 0.001, respectively). Originality/value The findings confirm that nutritional status, body composition and some biochemical parameters can affect the course of migraine.

The extensive use of smartphones and wearable devices has facilitated many useful applications. For example, with Global Positioning System (GPS)-equipped smart and wearable devices, many applications can gather, process, and share rich metadata, such as geolocation, trajectories, elevation, and time. For example, fitness applications, such as Runkeeper and Strava, utilize the information for activity tracking and have recently witnessed a boom in popularity. Those fitness tracker applications have their own web platforms and allow users to share activities on such platforms or even with other social network platforms. To preserve the privacy of users while allowing sharing, several of those platforms may allow users to disclose partial information, such as the elevation profile for an activity, which supposedly would not leak the location of the users. In this work, and as a cautionary tale, we create a proof of concept where we examine the extent to which elevation profiles can be used to predict the location of users. To tackle this problem, we devise three plausible threat settings under which the city or borough of the targets can be predicted. Those threat settings define the amount of information available to the adversary to launch the prediction attacks. Establishing that simple features of elevation profiles, e.g., spectral features, are insufficient, we devise both natural language processing (NLP)-inspired text-like representation and computer vision-inspired image-like representation of elevation profiles, and we convert the problem at hand into text and image classification problem. We use both traditional machine learning- and deep learning-based techniques and achieve a prediction success rate ranging from 59.59\% to 99.80\%. The findings are alarming, highlighting that sharing elevation information may have significant location privacy risks., 16 pages, 12 figures, 10 tables; accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (October 2022). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1910.09041

Araştırmanın amacı, uluslararası lisans öğrencilerinin mevcut durumlarının analizinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve 2015-2016 öğretim yılı verileriyle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırma Karabük Üniversitesi’nde farklı fakültelerde ve sınıflarda 2021-2022 öğretim yılında eğitim gören uluslararası öğrencileri kapsamaktadır. Uluslararası öğrencilerin, demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri, Türkiye’yi tercih nedenleri ve Türkiye ile ilgili görüşleri, Karabük Üniversitesi’ni tercih nedenleri ve görüşleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada anket yöntemi ile Karabük Üniversitesi’nde eğitim gören 385 uluslararası öğrenciden veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, 29 farklı ülkeden öğrencinin katılımı sağlanmış olup, katılımcıların yarısından çoğunun aileleri tarafından geçimlerinin sağlandığı, farklı ülkelerden arkadaş çevreleri olduğu, katılımcıların yarısından çoğunun Türkiye’de eğitime devam etmek istedikleri ve aynı şekilde yaşamak için de Türkiye’yi tercih ettikleri; başkalarına da hem eğitim hem de yaşamak için Türkiye’yi önereceklerini belirtmektedirler. 2016 yılındaki araştırma sonuçları ile paralellik gösterdiği belirtilmelidir. Karabük Üniversitesi’ni tercih nedenlerinin eğitim kalitesi olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcılarının çoğunun Karabük ilinde sorun yaşamadığı görülürken, sırası ile pahalılık ve konaklama gibi konuların öncelikli olduğu da dikkati çekmektedir.

Kitle iletişim araçlarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin öğrenilmesinde ve pekiştirilmesinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle bireylerin küçük yaşlardan itibaren tanıştığı bir araç olarak televizyon, diziler aracılığıyla yeniden ürettiği temsillerle toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde incelenmesi gereken ürünler ortaya koymaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımına dayalı davranış kalıplarının çok görüldüğü dizi türlerinden biri olarak polisiyeler ise bu anlamda dikkat çekmektedir. Uluslararası alanyazında polisiye dizilerde toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin pek çok çalışma olmasına karşın Türkiye’de bu alanda yapılmış araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarının yerli polisiye dizilerdeki ana karakterler üzerinden incelenmesidir. Bu bağlamda Türk televizyonlarında yüksek izlenme oranlarıyla uzun soluklu bir yayın sürdürmüş olan altı yerli polisiye dizi amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiş ve betimsel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. İncelemenin odak noktasının polis karakterler olması nedeniyle dizi içinde karakterlerin tanıtıldığı ilk iki bölüm toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında karakterlerin fiziksel özellikleri ve giyimleri, karakterlerin aile ilişkileri, karakterlerin kurumsal ilişkileri, fiziksel güç ve silah kullanımı, karakterlerin dil ve konuşma yapıları ile toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin söylemleri başlıkları altında çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları yerli polisiyelerin toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımına dayalı davranış kalıplarını normalleştirdiğini göstermektedir. Yerli polisiye diziler, kahraman erkek polislerle karakterize olan ataerkil otoriteye olan güveni perçinlerken, kadınların erkeğin bir iktidar alanı olarak resmedilen polislikte varoluşunu, erkek gibi olmakla mümkün kılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kadınlığını bastırdığı polisler karşısında erkek polisleri kahramanlaştırarak var olan ataerkil düzeni yeniden üretmektedir.

Objective: De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment. Treatment options include conservative measures, injections, and surgery. The main purpose of this study is to eliminate uncertainty in the choice of treatment and to recommend the appropriate treatment to the patient based on Michigan hand questionnaire. Material and Methods: The age, sex, and treatment modality of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Patients' Michigan outcomes were assessed, and patients were divided into three groups: Patients who benefited from conservative treatments (Group 1), from injections (Group 2), and from surgery (Group 3). Statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: The mean age of the 56 patients (54 women, 2 men) was 35.1±11.4 years. There was a difference between all groups in total hand function and pain scores (p < 0.05). Patients in group 1 were significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Various methods have been described for De Quervain's tenosynovitis’s treatment. Choosing the right therapeutic steps for the right patients is important. It is possible to select treatment options by assessing overall hand function and activities of daily living with the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire

In this study, the role of the 19th century English education system and schools has been examined in the popularization of fair play that is always at the top of the agenda in today's sporting activities. Social, politic, economic, and religious consideration, which affected popularization of understanding fair play, was aimed to specify. Fair play became a central term in 19th century England by the reasons of interest of existing social classes England social life, a reflection of sports, which these social classes were interested in and with the idiom of "Muscular Christianity" the goal of English educationists to bring up stronger Christian teenagers in terms of morally and physically. This view was popularized to the public in favor of education reform, which was occurred in English public and boarding schools., Bu çalışmada, günümüz sportif faaliyetlerin içerisinde sürekli gündeme gelen fair play kavramının yaygınlaşmasında 19. Yüzyıl İngiliz eğitim sistemi ve okullarının rolü ile fair play anlayışının yaygınlaşmasına etki eden sosyal, siyasi, ekonomik ve dini etkenler belirlenmek istenmiştir. İngiliz sosyal hayatında mevcut sosyal sınıfların uğraşları, bu sosyal sınıfların ilgilendiği sporların okul sporlarına yansıması ve İngiliz eğitimcilerin "Kaslı Hıristiyanlık” deyimi ile ahlaki ve bedeni açıdan sağlam Hıristiyan gençler yetiştirme amaçları ile fair play anlayışı 19. Yüzyıl İngiltere'sinin merkezindedir. İngiliz devlet ve yatılı okullarında gerçekleştirilen eğitim reformu sayesinde okullardan halka bu anlayış yayılmıştır.

Türk Sineması’nda büyük seyirci kitlelerine ulaşan filmlerin önemli bir kısmını güldürü türündeki filmler oluşturmaktadır. 2000 sonrasında üretilen bu filmlerde yapımcıların seyirciye lümpen olarak adlandırılabilecek tiplerin anlatısını sunmayı tercih ettiği görülmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, Marx’ın toplumsal bir grubu tanımlamak amacıyla ortaya attığı lümpen kavramı üzerinden oluşturulan mizahın, yerli güldürü sinemasındaki yansımasını incelemektir. Araştırmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemi doğrultusunda hem ana hem de yardımcı kahramanları lümpen tipler olan Geniş Aile: Yapıştır (2015) ve Geniş Aile 2: Her Türlü (2016) filmleri seçilmiş, bu filmler anlatı analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Filmlerdeki lümpen tipler üzerinden yapılan çözümlemeler, lümpenliğin filmlerin anlatılarında bir mizah unsuru olarak kullanıldığına işaret etmekte, lümpen tiplerin ise mizahın Üstünlük, Uyumsuzluk ve Rahatlama Kuramları aracılığıyla kurgulandığı görülmektedir., Comedies occupy a significant place among Turkish films that reach a large audience. Considering those produced after 2000, one may not that film makers have favored the narratives of people with characteristics best described as “lumpen.” This article examines the humor created through Marx’s concept of “lumpen,” the term he used to identify this social group. The film series Geniş Aile: Yapıştır (2015) and Geniş Aile 2: Her Türlü (2016) are selected for the purposive sampling method, because they feature primary and secondary characters who are both lumpen and flat. It is also pointed out that the analyzed characters are consistent with Superiority, Incongruity and Relief theories of humor. Findings of the analysis show that lumpenism is used as an important element of humor in the narratives of the sampled films.

Amaç: Sağlık profesyonellerinin gıda-ilaç etkileşimi bilgi düzeyi, tedavinin etkinliği ile ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle bilgi düzeyini ölçmek önemlidir. Bu çalışma, sağlık çalışanlarının gıda-ilaç etkileşimi bilgi düzeylerini ölçebilecek ve bu konudaki farkındalığı artırabilecek bir ölçek geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Metot: Araştırma için tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile Ankara’da çalışan toplam 200 kişi (her meslekten 50 kişi: tıp doktoru, hemşire, diyetisyen ve eczacı) seçilmiştir. Ölçek 25 maddeden ve her biri için “Doğru”, “Yanlış” ve “Bilmiyorum” olmak üzere üç seçenekten oluşmaktadır. Değerlendirmede her uygun yanıt 1 (bir) puan, diğerleri (yanlış ve bilinmeyen) 0 (sıfır) puana eşittir. Ölçeğin geçerliği için içerik geçerliği ve madde analizi yapılmış ve ayrıca Cronbach alfa katsayısı hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda toplam puanla toplam korelasyonu 0,15'in altında olan 4 madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin madde güçlükleri 0.20 ile 0.96 arasında değişmekte olup, ölçeğin ortalama madde güçlükleri 0.61±0.18 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçek 21 maddelik çeyrek puan üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre 21 maddeden 25'inci yüzdelik dilim 5,25, 50'nci yüzdelik dilim 10,25 ve 75'inci yüzdelik dilim 15,75'tir. 5'ten küçük puan sınıflandırması “düşük” bilgi düzeyi, 6-11 arası “orta”, 11-15 arası “iyi” ve 16-21 arası “çok iyi” anlamına gelmektedir.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bu ölçeğin sağlık profesyonellerinin gıda-ilaç etkileşimi bilgi düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabilecek oldukça geçerli ve oldukça güvenilir olduğu görülmüştür., Objectives: Health professionals’ food-drug interaction knowledge level is related with efficiency of treatment. Given that, it’s important to measure the knowledge level. This study aims to develop a scale that can measure food-drug interaction knowledge level of health care professionals and increase awareness on this issue.Methods: A total of 200 individuals (50 from each profession: medical doctor, nurse, dietician and pharmacist) working in Ankara were selected. The scale consists of 25 items and three options for each: “True”, “False” and “I do not know”. In the evaluation, each correct answer equals to 1 (one) point, while the others (wrong and absent) equal to 0 (zero). Content validity and item analysis were conducted for the validity, and Cronbach alpha coefficient was measured. Results: Consequently, 4 items whose total correlation with the total score less than 0.15 were removed from the scale. Item difficulties in the scale vary between 0.20 and 0.96, and average item difficulty of the scale was found to be 0.61±0.18. The scale was evaluated on the basis of quarter points of 21 items. Accordingly, 25th percentile of 21 items was 5.25, 50th percentile was 10.25, and 75th percentile was 15.75. Score classification less than 5 means “low” knowledge level, between 6 and 11 “intermediate”, between 11 and 15 “good” and between 16 and 21 “very good”.Conclusions: Hereby, this scale was found to be highly valid and quite reliable to be used in order to determine the food-drug interaction knowledge levels of health care professionals.

Aim of this study is to investigate effects of stem cells derived from the peripheral nerve and adipose tissues following the nerve crush injury in control and obese rats. For this aim, 41 Wistar Albino female rats were separated into eight equal groups; non-obese control (NOC) obese control (OC), non-obese injury (NOH), obese injury (OH), non-obese adipose (NOY), obese adipose (OY), non-obese nerve (NOPS), obese nerve (OPS). At the end of 8 weeks, all experimental animals without control groups were subjected to nerve crush procedure and sciatic nerve or fat stem cell homogenates were injected on the treatment group rats, and then, recovery process has been observed and histopathological, stereological, electrophysiological analyses and bioinformatic evaluation were made on removed sciatic nerves. Stereological results showed that adipose homogenate gave more successful results than peripheral nerve homogenates in the NOY group in comparison to the NOPS group in terms of myelinated axon number. Peripheral nerve homogenate has shown more successful results in the OPS group in comparison to the OY group. The number of unmyelinated axons was increased following treatment with adipose tissue homogenate in NOY and OY groups. In terms of myelin sheath thickness; we detected that treatments by peripheral nerve and especially adipose tissue homogenates lead to increase in the thickness of the axons of the peripheral nerves belong to the control and obese injury groups. All results showed that mesenchymal stem cell treatment by fresh tissue homogenates is successful in peripheral nerve regeneration and fat tissue is a considerable source of the stem cells for clinical applications.

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital anterior chest wall deformity. Currently, a wide variety of diagnostic protocols and criteria for corrective surgery are being used. Their use is predominantly based on local preferences and experience. To date, no guideline is available, introducing heterogeneity of care as observed in current daily practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate consensus and controversies regarding the diagnostic protocol, indications for surgical correction, and postoperative evaluation of pectus excavatum. METHODS: The study consisted of 3 consecutive survey rounds evaluating agreement on different statements regarding pectus excavatum care. Consensus was achieved if at least 70% of participants provided a concurring opinion. RESULTS: All 3 rounds were completed by 57 participants (18% response rate). Consensus was achieved on 18 of 62 statements (29%). Regarding the diagnostic protocol, participants agreed to routinely include conventional photography. In the presence of cardiac impairment, electrocardiography and echocardiography were indicated. Upon suspicion of pulmonary impairment, spirometry was recommended. In addition, consensus was reached on the indications for corrective surgery, including symptomatic pectus excavatum and progression. Participants moreover agreed that a plain chest radiograph must be acquired directly after surgery, whereas conventional photography and physical examination should both be part of routine postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Through a multiround survey, international consensus was formed on multiple topics to aid standardization of pectus excavatum care. 01 juli 2023

The aim of this research project is to investigate the relationship between expectation and perceived time of events. Time perception is a complex and subjective process that is influenced by various factors such as attention, emotion, and expectation. While the impact of attention and emotion on perceived time has been extensively studied, the role of expectation in shaping our perception of time remains underexplored. To fully understand the intricacies of time perception, it is crucial to consider testing participants’ subjective perception of time through the use of different perceptual modalities, such as visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli and responses. This study will build upon previous findings on temporal effects on duration perception by examining the impact on the moment at which an event is perceived. The study hypothesizes that implicit expectation of the target will change the perceived time of events. By investigating the relationship between expectation and perceived time, this study will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying time perception and shed light on the role of expectation in shaping our subjective experience of time.

Anadolu Rock müziğinin en önemli temsilcilerinden olan Cem Karaca’nın yaptığı müzikle olduğu kadar sol siyasi duruşu ile de öne çıktığı bilinmektedir. Şarkılarında komünizm propagandası yaptığı iddiasıyla hakkında yargılama süreci başlatılan Karaca, yurt dışında olduğu sırada 12 Eylül 1980 Askeri Darbesi gerçekleşmiştir. Hakkındaki yargı sürecinin tamamlanması için geri çağrılan Karaca bu talebi reddetmiş, sonrasında da 1983’te Türk vatandaşlığından çıkarılmıştır. Karaca, darbe yönetiminin ardından ANAP (Anavatan Partisi) döneminde yumuşayan siyasi atmosfer sayesinde 1987’de Türkiye’ye dönebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç, Suskunluk Sarmalı Kuramı’nın Türk basınındaki etkisini Karaca’nın vatandaşlıktan çıkarılışı ve Türkiye’ye dönüşü süreçleriyle ilgili haberler üzerinden araştırmaktır. Bu çerçevede Cumhuriyet gazetesindeki haberler, eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, Cumhuriyet gazetesinde Karaca’nın hem vatandaşlıktan çıkarılışına hem de Türkiye’ye dönüşüne ilişkin haberlerde farklı tutumlar yansıtılmasına karşın her iki süreci işleyen haberlerin de resmi söylemle uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Hem darbe yönetimi sürecinde hem de ANAP döneminde, muhalif olma iddiasındaki bir gazetedeki haberlerin bile baskın görüşle örtüşmesi, ‘Suskunluk Sarmalı’nın varlığını açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.

Küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ) milli hasılaya, istihdama ve teknolojik gelişmelere katkıları açısından ekonomiler için oldukça önemli bir konumdadır. Söz konusu katkılarına rağmen KOBİ’lerin finansmana erişim meselesi henüz çözüme kavuşturulamamıştır. KOBİ’lerin tam anlamıyla karşılanamayan finansman ihtiyacı ve teknolojik imkanların gelişmesi finansal teknolojiler bağlamında yeni çözümleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bunlar arasından son on yılda ciddi büyüme kaydeden kitlesel fonlama sektörü ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kitlesel fonlama platformlarına yönelik 2019 yılında yürürlüğe giren Türkiye’deki yasal düzenlemeler ile bu hususta Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da en fazla referans alınan Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri’ndeki (BAE) düzenlemeler kitlesel fonlama platformlarının kapsamı, Şer’i uyumu, girişimci ve yatırımcı olmak için gereken şartlar ve ikincil piyasalar açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir. Karşılaştırmanın neticesinde elde edilen bulgular, BAE’deki yasal çerçevenin Türkiye’dekine kıyasla daha esnek ve daha az sınırlandırıcı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Her ne kadar iki ülkedeki düzenlemeler girişimciler ve yatırımcılar için benzer koşullar barındırsa da Türkiye’deki düzenleyiciler her bir koşul için belirli sınırlar tayin ederken BAE’deki düzenleyiciler sadece koşulları tanımlamakla yetinerek limitlerin ve diğer detayların belirlenmesi hususunda platformlara sorumluluk yüklemektedir. İkinci yaklaşımın, BAE’de daha rekabetçi bir kitlesel fonlama piyasasına imkan tanıdığı söylenebilir., Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for economies in terms of their contributions to gross national product, employment, and innovation. Besides their contribution, the issue of financial inclusion of SMEs has not been solved yet. The unsatisfied needs of SMEs for financing and the improvements in the technological facilities lead to new financial solutions within the scope of financial technologies. Among them, crowdfunding comes into prominence with its enormous growth in the last decade. In this study, the current regulatory framework for the crowdfunding platforms in Turkey launched in 2019 has been analyzed comparatively with the regulation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the most benchmarked jurisdiction in the Middle East and North Africa, in terms of the scope of the crowdfunding platforms, Shari’ah-compliance, the conditions for the entrepreneurs and the investors, and secondary markets. Based on the comparison, the findings imply that the legislative framework of the UAE is more flexible and less restrictive compared to that of Turkey. Although both regulations consist of the same type of conditions for the entrepreneurs and the investors, regulators in Turkey specify each condition with specific limits, while the regulators in UAE only define the types of conditions and charge the platforms with setting the limits and other details. It can be said that the second approach leads to a more competitive crowdfunding market in the UAE.

Purpose: This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function and some anthropometric measurements and body composition in healthy young women with different body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: One hundred seventeen (n:117) women, aged between 19-30 years, participated in this study. Some anthropometric measurements of the participants (body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and neck circumference) and body composition were evaluated by the researchers. Results: There was no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC values of individuals according to BMI classification. In terms of disease risk according to anthropometric measurements, no difference was found between the groups in the pulmonary function test values (except for the waist circumference). Participants whose waist circumference were 80-88 cm were found to have a significantly higher FEV1/FVC value than participants whose waist circumference were >88 cm. It was determined that there was a positive correlation between body weight, lean body mass, body fat mass, total body water values, and FVC, FEV1 values. Conclusion: Differences in body composition and anthropometric measurements and pulmonary function assessment may be due to methodological and group-specific changes in the studies. Long-term studies that question the body composition of individuals, food consumption and physical activity levels, will be beneficial.

In this paper, we analyze the demand side of the credit card market. Using unique survey data and a discrete choice model, we uncover consumer preferences for all price and nonprice features of credit cards. Our results provide evidence for an alternative explanation for the credit card pricing puzzles. We show that consumers view credit cards as highly differentiated products with both bank-level and card-level nonprice features. When selecting their credit cards, they predominantly prioritize these nonprice features over prices. Although private banks charge higher prices for their credit card services than other banks, the majority of consumers choose them as issuers due to their bank-level and card-level nonprice features. Consumers who prioritize prices tend to choose the credit cards of participation or public banks. Widespread branch/automated teller machine networks as bank-level features and installments, bonuses/rewards/miles and the prestige of the card as card-level features are particularly effective in consumers’ decisions to choose private banks as issuers. Such strong preferences for nonprice features seem to furnish private banks with market power. Hence, we argue that underlying issuers’ market power is also this differentiated nature of credit cards, for which regulatory measures are not self-evident.

International audience; Patients with inherited CARMIL2 or CD28 deficiency have defective T cell CD28 signaling, but their immunological and clinical phenotypes remain largely unknown. We show that only one of three CARMIL2 isoforms is produced and functional across leukocyte subsets. Tested mutant CARMIL2 alleles from 89 patients and 52 families impair canonical NF-κB but not AP-1 and NFAT activation in T cells stimulated via CD28. Like CD28-deficient patients, CARMIL2-deficient patients display recalcitrant warts and low blood counts of CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells and CD4 + T REG s. Unlike CD28-deficient patients, they have low counts of NK cells and memory B cells, and their antibody responses are weak. CARMIL2 deficiency is fully penetrant by the age of 10 yr and is characterized by numerous infections, EBV + smooth muscle tumors, and mucocutaneous inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with somatic reversions of a mutant allele in CD4 + T cells have milder phenotypes. Our study suggests that CARMIL2 governs immunological pathways beyond CD28.

This paper analyzes the collection of George Viau (1855-1939) from a computational perspective. Indeed, this dental surgeon, close to the Impressionists, collected several hundred works of art in the first half of the 20th century: the auctions of his collection, in 1907, 1930 and after his death, in 1942, 1943 and 1948, accounted for 642 artworks and, during the Occupation, the 1942 sale produced a total of more than 46 million francs. Thanks to statistics, econometrics, network analysis and cartography, it is possible to understand the salient features of the collection and its place in the world of Parisian auctions.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a substantial issue in public health. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the effectiveness of using herbal supplements for T2DM. Among the herbal supplements, turmeric (

Digital technologies, which have changed the media environment, have witnessed a significant change with the emergence of OTT platforms in television broadcasting. With the opening of national OTT platforms in Turkey, a change has begun in terms of television production practices and audience preferences/experiences. From this point of view, this study aims to examine the opinions and attitudes of young audiences in Turkey towards watching dizi (Turkish TV drama) on OTT platforms and the consistency of their experiences and practices reflected in their watching behaviours. In this context, two-stage research consisting of survey and focus group interviews was designed. The first stage -an internet survey- determines the differences and similarities of audience experience on the traditional television dizi versus on OTT platform dizi. In the second stage of the study, the research questions were deepened on a limited sample based on the data that half of the dizi audience were between the ages of 18-34, in line with the survey findings. In this context, focus group discussions were held with eighteen participants in three sessions. In the sessions, questions categorized in three themes according to the survey results were asked. The data obtained from both studies were evaluated together; collected under three thematic titles, visualized through tables, and analyzed and interpreted in the context of critical theories prominent in recent audience studies.

Counterfeited products are costing the global economy hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Radio frequency identification(RFID) technology provides a promising solution for this problem, wherein each product is fitted with a secure tag, which is difficult to forge. However, RFID technology is faced with numerous security threats, for example, if the communication link between the reader and the tag is compromised, then it will be possible for a malicious adversary to obtain the private data stored on the device. Tag cloning attacks have also been demonstrated to be feasible, which severely undermines the capabilities of the RFID technology to protect against counterfeiting. One solution to this problem is the use of authentication protocol, however, existing schemes do not support mutual authentication and are still vulnerable to tag cloning attacks. In this paper, a new security mechanism is proposed, which consists of a lightweight three-flights-mutual authentication protocol and an-anti-counterfeit tag design. The proposed solution is based on combining the Rabin encryption scheme with physically unclonable functions (PUF) technology. The protocol security is formally analysed and compares favorably with existing schemes. Our results show that the proposed design is up-to 50% more area-efficient compared to those based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC).

Amaç: Sedoanaljezi eşliğinde entübasyon olmadan video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi (VATS) son on yılda minimal invaziv prosedürler için giderek daha popüler bir cerrahi teknik haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, sedasyon veya torasik epidural anestezi kullanılamayan hastalarda sadece lokal anestezi ile uygulanan video yardımlı torakoskopi tekniğinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2009-2019 yılları arasında, genel anestezi riski yüksek olarak sınıflandırılarak uyanık halde video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi yapılan 43 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. 10 ml izotonik ile sulandırılan 10 ml %0,5 bupivakain, cilt altına ve kas içine uygulandı. 15 dakika sonra 10 mm 0 derece videotorakoskop için toraksa tek bir port insizyonunu takiben VATS uygulandı. Yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru yakınmaları, lateralite, efüzyon tipi, sitoloji sonuçları, hastaların komorbiditeleri, hastanede kalış süresi, efüzyon miktarı, ameliyat süresi ve patoloji sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 67,32 (45-85) olan kırk üç hastanın 23’ü erkek, 20’si kadındı. En sık yakınma (n = 40) dispne idi. 22 sol ve 21 sağ hemitoraksa VATS uygulandı. 39 hidrotoraks, 4 pnömotoraks olgusu vardı. Hidrotoraks tanılı olgulardan drene edilen ortalama sıvı miktarı 1311 ml (400-4000 ml) idi. Bül nedeniyle pnömotoraks gelişen 2 olguya wedge rezeksiyon yapıldı. Hiçbir hastaya kas gevşetici veya sedasyon verilmedi. Sonuç: Uyanık VATS seçilmiş hastalarda, kas gevşetici ve sedoanaljezi gerektirmediğinden güvenli bir tekniktir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, faklı beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değerlerine sahip yetişkin bireylerin hedonik açlık durumlarının ve yeme davranışının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 19-64 yıl arasında değişen, 541 erkek (%42.4) ve 735 kadın (%57.6) olmak üzere toplam 1276 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma anketi online olarak (sosyal medya veya e-mail) katılımcılara iletilmiştir. Uygulanan anket formu ile bireylerin bazı demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu sorgulanmıştır. Hedonik açlığın değerlendirmesinde Besin Gücü Ölçeği-Tr (BGÖ-Tr), yeme davranışının değerlendirilmesinde Hollanda Yeme Davranışı Anketi ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bireyler BKİ sınıflamasına göre üç ayrı gruba ayrılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bireylerin %57.9’u normal vücut ağırlığına sahipken, %31.2’si fazla kilolu ve %10.9’u obez sınıflamasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma sonunda BGÖ-Tr toplam puanının obez grupta normal gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p

© 2022 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.Background: Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency are recently described disorders that present with susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and lymphoproliferation. Clinical and immunological comparisons of the diseases with long-term follow-up have not been previously reported. We sought to compare the clinical and laboratory manifestations of both diseases and investigate the role of flow cytometry in predicting the genetic defect in patients with LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency. Methods: Patients were evaluated clinically with laboratory assessments for lymphocyte subsets, T follicular helper cells (TFH), LRBA expression, and expression of CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA4 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) at baseline and 16 h post-stimulation. Results: LRBA-deficient patients (n = 29) showed significantly early age of symptom onset, higher rates of pneumonia, autoimmunity, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive compared to CTLA-4 insufficiency (n = 12). In total, 29 patients received abatacept with favorable responses and the overall survival probability was not different between transplanted versus non-transplanted patients in LRBA deficiency. Meanwhile, higher probability of survival was observed in CTLA-4-insufficient patients (p = 0.04). The T-cell subsets showed more deviation to memory cells in CTLA-4-insufficiency, accompanied by low percentages of Treg and dysregulated cTFH cells response in both diseases. Cumulative numbers of autoimmunities positively correlated with cTFH frequencies. Baseline CTLA-4 expression was significantly diminished in LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency, but significant induction in CTLA-4 was observed after short-term T-cell stimulation in LRBA deficiency and controls, while this elevation was less in CTLA-4 insufficiency, allowing to differentiate this disease from LRBA deficiency with high sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (90%). Conclusion: This cohort provided detailed clinical and laboratory comparisons for LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency. The flow cytometric approach is useful in predicting the defective gene; thus, targeted sequencing can be conducted to provide rapid diagnosis and treatment for these diseases impacting the CTLA-4 pathway.

Okul çağı çocukluk döneminde kazanılan sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları ve yeme davranışları yetişkinliğe kadar devam edebilmekte, obezite ve Tip 2 diyabet gibi kronik hastalıkların gelişme riskini artırabilmektedir. Özellikle okul çağı çocuklarda yeme alışkanlıklarında erken yapılan doğru değişikliklerin sağlığı geliştirebileceği ve sonraki yaşamda hastalık geliştirme riskini azaltabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle okul temelli beslenme eğitim programları da dâhil olmak üzere erken dönemde sağlıklı beslenmeyi destekleyen programların önemi artmaktadır. Çeşitli araştırmalar, cinsiyet, yaş, sosyoekonomik durum ve yaşanılan ülke gibi demografik özelliklerden bağımsız olarak, ebeveynlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının çocukların beslenme davranışları üzerinde büyük bir etkisi olduğunu gözlemlemiştir. Aile ile birlikte yeme, ebeveynlerin rol model olması, ebeveyn beslenme bilgi düzeyi, ebeveyn teşvikinin artması ve aşırı baskının azalmasının çocukların beslenme davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ebeveynleri tarafından sağlıklı beslenme konusunda teşvik edilen çocukların okul temelli beslenme eğitim programlarından edindikleri bilgileri daha uzun süre kullanım potansiyelleri vardır. Bu durum, ev ortamının çocuklarda sağlıklı beslenme davranışını desteklemedeki önemli rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Ebeveyn katılımlı çocuk besleme eğitimlerinin, diyetle ilgili hastalıkları önlemek için gelecekte uygulanacak diyet müdahalelerinin ve politikalarının tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilecek değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri olarak değerlendirildiği çalışmalar artırılmalıdır. Bu derleme de, ebeveyn beslenme eğitiminin okul çağı çocuklarında verilen beslenme eğitimine etkisinin değerlendirildiği çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

Fractures of the triquetrum are the second most common form of isolated carpal bone fracture after the scaphoid. However, data on triquetrum morphology and morphometry are sparse. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of triquetrum using anatomical landmarks, evaluate its morphometric features, and determine its vascular entry points. The morphological and morphometrical features of 87 adult dry triquetral bones (39 left, 48 right) were determined by measuring length, width and thickness. The number and locations of nutrient foramina wider than 0.5 mm were recorded. Mean length, width and thickness were 17.37 mm (range, 14.26-22.13), 12.65 mm (range, 10.37-15.85) and 11.41 mm (range, 8.98-18.23), respectively. The facet articulating with the pisiform was oval in 40 bones, round in 8 and amorphous (neither round nor oval) in 39. The mean length of the interarticular ridge was 7.09 ± 0.9 mm. The mean number of nutrient foramina was significantly greater on the dorsal than on the other aspects. The dorsal predominance of nutrient foramina makes the bone weaker in the dorsal region, which could explain why fractures are more common in this region. Also, the dorsal aspect is rich in blood supply, which could explain why avascular necrosis is less common in triquetral fractures. As most of the vascularization is on the dorsal side, there is need for caution when performing triquetrum surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2.

Bazı kelimelerin anlam kapasiteleri bazılarına nazaran daha geniş ve çeşitlidir. Bu tür kelimeler ifadeye zenginlik ve derinlik kattıkları için rağbet görürler. Fakat aynı gerekçe kastedilen anlamın kapalı kalmasına da yol açabilmektedir. Anlam çerçevesi geniş olan bu kabil kelimeler ekseriyetle yabancı kökenli kelimelerdir. Türkler İslâmiyeti kabul ettikten sonra yeni dinî kavramlarla karşılaşmışlardır. Bu kavramların Türkçede karşılıkları olmadığı için Arapça ve Farsçadan kelimeler alınmıştır. Örnekleri az olmayan bu kelimelerden biri “himmet” kelimesidir. Arapça kökenli olan bu kelime Türkçeye Farsça üzerinden gelmiştir. Himmet kelimesi Türkçede Arapçadaki anlamından daha farklı bir anlamda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada himmet kelimesinin Türkçede hangi anlamda kullanıldığı üzerinde durulacaktır. Bunun için öncelikle sözlükler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Türk edebiyatının kadim metinlerinden olan Dîvân-ı Hikmet ve Garib-nâme’de himmet kelimesinin hangi anlamlarla yer aldığı üzerinde durulmuştur. he semantic capacity of some words are wider and more diverse than others. Such words are widely used since they add amplitude and depth to the expression. However, the same reason may cause the meaning to be implicit. These words, which have a wide semantic framework, are mostly words of foreign origin. After the Turks emberaced Islam, they encountered new religious concepts. Since these concepts do not have equivalents in Turkish, words were loaned from Arabic and Persian. One of these words, whose examples are not few, is the word “himmet”. The word himmet, which is of Arabic origin, came to Turkish through Persian. The word himmet is used in a different meaning in Turkish than in Arabic. In this study, it will be emphasized in which sense the word himmet is used in Turkish. For this purpose, firstly, dictionaries were examined. In addition, the meaning of the word himmet in Dîvân-ı Hikmet and Garib-nâme, which are among the earliest texts of Turkish literature, is dwelled on.

Küçük hücre dışı akciğer kanserlerinde cerrahi başarı, iyi bir anatomik rezeksiyon sonrası makroskobik ve mikroskobik olarak temiz gelen cerrahi sınır olması ve lenf nodlarında yayılım görülmemesidir. Cerrahi, akciğer kanserlerinde özellikle erken evrelerde en büyük tedavi şansını oluştururken tümör ve komşu dokuların birlikte anblok rezeksiyonları, cerrahi sınırda tümör dokusunun kalmayışı en uzun süreli sağkalımı sağlamaktadır. Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanserli hastaların yaklaşık %70’inde kullanılan lobektomi standart bir anatomik rezeksiyondur. Uygulanan teknik pulmoner venlerin, arterin ve bronşun ayrı ayrı serbestleştirilmesi ve ardından mutlak bir şekilde hiler lenf nodları ve lenfatiklerin dikkatli diseksiyonudur. Akciğer rezeksiyonu geçirecek bütün hastalar için rezeksiyon öncesi evreleme; hastalığın seyri ve onkolojik girişimlerin algoritması için mutlaka yapılmalıdır.

Bu çalışma Türkmenistan ekonomisi için 1996-2019 döneminde doğrudan yabancı yatırımların, kaynak gelirlerinin ve kamu harcamalarının iktisadi büyümeye olan etkisini araştırmaktadır. Bu çerçevede söz konusu ilişki VAR analizi ile test edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme analizinin bulgularına göre reel büyüme ile söz konusu üç değişken arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki mevcuttur. Diğer taraftan Granger nedensellik testine göre kısa dönemde %10 anlam düzeyinde reel büyümeden DYY ’ye ve kamu harcamalarından DYY ’ye doğru pozitif bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Bunun yanında kaynak gelirleri ile büyüme arasında çift yönlü pozitif nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Diğer değişkenler arasında ise nedensellik ilişkisi yoktur. Çalışmanın etki-tepki analizi ile ulaşılan üçüncü bulgusu ise büyümenin üzerinde özellikle doğrudan yabancı yatırımların etkisinin nispeten büyük olduğudur. Ek olarak Varyans ayrıştırmasında doğrudan yabancı yatırımların büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin nispeten daha önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Severe combined immunodeficiency is an inborn error of immunity characterized by impairments in the numbers and functions of T and B lymphocytes due to various genetic causes, and if it remains untreated, patients succumb to infections during the first 2 years of life. Purpose and Methods: This study reported retrospective data from 72 infants diagnosed with SCID including their major clinical features, HSCT characteristics, and outcomes over a 20-year period (1997–2017). Results: Sixty-one of 72 SCID patients in the study underwent HSCT from 1997 to 2017. Median ages at the time of diagnosis and transplantation were 3.5 months and 5 months, respectively. Consanguinity was present in 68% of the patients, and T − B − NK + phenotype was predominantly identified. The overall survival was 80.3% over a 20-year period. However, the patients transplanted during an active infection had a lower survival rate of 73.9% compared to 100% for patients transplanted infection-free or with a previous infection that had resolved. The survival rate was significantly higher among recipients of HLA-identical transplants (92.9%), compared to recipients of mismatched related transplants (70%). The overall survival increased from 50 (1997–2006) to 85% (2007–2017) during the last 10 years. Conclusions: This is one of the largest single-center studies in Turkey with extensive experience about SCID patients. Early diagnosis of SCID patients before the onset of an infection and early transplantation are shown to be extremely important factors affecting the outcome and increasing the survival regardless of the donor type based on the results of this study. WOS:000659780700002 34114123 Q1

The objectivity of physical and electrodiagnostic tests is limited in detecting carpal tunnel syndrome and its recurrence. Predicting the median nerve blood supply using superb microvascular imaging will allow exact diagnosis and a good follow-up system. The aims of this study include using superb microvascular imaging to correlate with electromyographic diagnosis, and to determine the impact of surgery on improvement in superb microvascular imaging.Between July of 2019 and January of 2020, 32 wrists of 21 patients were evaluated prospectively. After preoperative electrodiagnostic studies and vascular index measurement with superb microvascular imaging, open carpal tunnel release was performed by a single surgeon, and 3 months later standardized superb microvascular imaging was performed. Preoperative vascular indexes were compared with the mild, moderate, and severe electrodiagnostic study results. Preoperative and postoperative vascular index results were compared.The average of the preoperative and postoperative imaging groups was 2.77 and 1.48, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p0.05). Although no significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative vascular index values in patients presenting with mild carpal tunnel syndrome (p0.05), there was a significant decrease in vascular index values in patients presenting with moderate and severe carpal tunnel syndrome after surgical decompression.Superb microvascular imaging is emerging as a groundbreaking, new, and reliable technique. Evaluation of the median nerve blood supply is a reliable method that would be helpful for early diagnosis, planning treatment, determining the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome, and postoperative follow-up.Diagnostic, IV.

Tarihsel mirasında kurumsal vergi sistemine sahip olmayan ekonomiler bağımsızlıklarıyla birlikte vergi sistemi tesisi arayışına girmişlerdir. Böyle bir sistemin esas unsuru olan vergi yapısı ise geçiş ekonomilerinin serbest piyasa reformlarının finansmanı anlamına gelmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, 31 geçiş ekonomisinin mevcut vergi yapısını değerlendirmektir. Ek olarak, vergi yapısı ve vergi sisteminin kurumsal yapısının etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla 24 geçiş ekonomisinde yolsuzluk ile toplam vergi yükü, kişi başına düşen GSYH, dışa açıklık, ekonomik özgürlük, kurumlar-gelir-tüketim vergisi oranları ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla statik ve dinamik panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlarına göre ekonomik özgürlük endeksi düşük olan ülkelerde yolsuzluk yüksek seyretmektedir. Benzer şekilde yolsuzluğun yüksek olduğu ekonomilerde kişi başına düşen GSYH düşüktür. Vergi yükünün yüksek, gelir dağılımında adaletin düşük ve vergi idarelerinin kurumsal zayıflığı gibi nedenlerden dolayı geçiş ekonomilerinde rüşvet, verginin ikamesi olarak görüldüğü söylenebilir. Bu çerçevede statik analiz bulgularına göre geçiş ekonomilerinde kişi başına düşen gelirde bir birimlik artış yolsuzluğu %0,0371, dışa açıklık %0,0134, ekonomik özgürlük %0,0394 ve gelir vergisi oranı %0,0122 pozitif etkilemektedir. Dinamik analizin bulgularına göre yolsuzluğu negatif etkileyen iki değişken bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ekonomik özgürlük yolsuzluğu %0,073 ve tüketim vergileri %0,108 negatif etkilemektedir. Diğer taraftan vergi gelirleri (0,064), kişi başına düşen gelir (0,056), ticari açıklık (0,073) ve gelir vergisi oranı (0,063) yolsuzluğu pozitif etkilemektedir., Economies that do not have a corporate tax system in their historical heritage have sought to establish a tax system with their independence. The tax structure means the financing free-market reforms of transition economies. The study aims to evaluate the current tax structure of 31 transition economies. Also, the relationship between corruption and total tax burden, GDP per capita, openness, economic freedom, corporate-income-consumption tax rates in 24 transition economies were examined to evaluate the tax structure and the effectiveness of the institutional structure of the tax system. Corruption is high-ranking in countries with a low economic freedom index. GDP per capita is lower in economies with high corruption. Bribery in transition economies is seen as a substitute for tax due to reasons such as high tax burden, low justice in income distribution, and institutional weakness of tax administrations. According to static analysis, a one-unit increase in income per capita in transition economies positively affects corruption at 0.0371%, openness at 0.0134%, economic freedom at 0.0394%, and income tax rate at 0.0122%. According to dynamic analysis, two variables negatively affect corruption. Economic freedom negatively affects the corruption index by 0.073% and excise taxes by 0.108%. On the other hand, tax revenues (0.064), per capita income (0.056), the trade deficit (0.073), and income tax rate (0.063) positively affect corruption.

Aim: Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum and Abramson procedure for pectus carinatum are used as minimally invasive methods for surgical treatment of chest wall defomities. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of bar-related complications, and to present technical details of their management. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent minimally invasive correction surgery with the diagnosis of pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum between 2011-2020 in our clinic were included in this study. The surgical treatments, bar related complications, and follow-up records of patients were recorded and analyzed retrospectively. Results: 141 patients with a mean age of 16.08 ± 4.38 were included in the study. Postoperative bar-related complications were encountered in 28 (19.8%) of all patients. There were no life-threatening early or late complications. The most common complication was skin reaction in 7 (4.9%) cases. Conclusion: Bar-related complications are problems that can cause morbidity and disrupt patient comfort, thus management of complications should be focused on.

The convergence of various technologies, such as smartwatches, smartphones, etc. has proven to be beneficial, although poses various security and privacy risks. In this paper, we explore one such risk where a smartwatch can be exploited to infer what a user is typing on a physical keyboard while wearing the smartwatch. We exploited the acoustic emanations of the keyboard as recorded by the smartwatch to perform the proposed attack-SIA. To address various environment-related challenges, SIA employs four stages: Noise Cancelling, Keystroke Detection, Key Identification, and Word Correction, where several digital signal processing, machine learning, and natural language processing techniques are utilized to produce the final inference. Our results show that an acoustic emanation of a physical keyboard captured by a smartwatch recovers up to 98% of the typed text. We also showed that utilizing the noise cancellation, SIA is robust to the changes in the attack environment, which further boosts the practicality of the attack. The findings are alarming and call for further investigation on methods to cope with inference attacks due to the convergence of those technologies.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to observe whether short-term weight loss program changes dietary carbon footprint (CF) and its effect on the risk of chronic disease. Design: This study was carried out between April 2019- January 2020. Participants received a diet intervention for four weeks. Their anthropometric measurements and food records were evaluated before and at the end of the study. Participants: 61 individuals (51 female; 10 male) aged 19-59 years and with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. Results: Their dietary CF of sweets/snacks, drinks, potatoes/bread/pasta, meat, and butter/oil also decreased statistically significantly according to the eight major food groups. The total dietary CF increased in this study (p=0.018). This increase resulted from the increase in the consumption of dairy/egg food group. At the end of the study the body weight, BMI, waist, hip and neck circumference, waist-hip ratio, and the waist-height ratio of participants decreased statistically significantly after the weight loss program (p

Unhealthy eating habits and eating behaviors gained during school-age childhood can continue into adulthood, increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes. It is stated that early, correct changes in eating habits, especially in school-age children, can improve health and reduce the risk of developing the disease in later life. For this reason, the importance of programs that support healthy nutrition in the early period, including school-based nutrition education programs, is increasing. Various studies have observed that parents' dietary habits have a great influence on children's eating behaviors, regardless of demographic characteristics such as gender, age, socioeconomic status, and country of residence. Eating with the family, role models of parents, level of parental nutrition knowledge, increased parental encouragement, and reduction of excessive pressure suggest that children's nutritional behaviors can be positively affected. Children who are encouraged by their parents to eat healthily have the potential to use the knowledge they have gained from school-based nutrition education programs for a longer period of time. This highlights the important role of the home environment in supporting healthy eating behavior in children. Studies in which parent-involved child nutrition education is evaluated as modifiable risk factors that can help design future dietary interventions and policies to prevent diet-related diseases should be increased. In this review, studies evaluating the effect of parental nutrition education on nutrition education given to school-age children were examined., Okul çağı çocukluk döneminde kazanılan sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları ve yeme davranışları yetişkinliğe kadar devam edebilmekte, obezite ve Tip 2 diyabet gibi kronik hastalıkların gelişme riskini artırabilmektedir. Özellikle okul çağı çocuklarda yeme alışkanlıklarında erken yapılan doğru değişikliklerin sağlığı geliştirebileceği ve sonraki yaşamda hastalık geliştirme riskini azaltabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle okul temelli beslenme eğitim programları da dâhil olmak üzere erken dönemde sağlıklı beslenmeyi destekleyen programların önemi artmaktadır. Çeşitli araştırmalar, cinsiyet, yaş, sosyoekonomik durum ve yaşanılan ülke gibi demografik özelliklerden bağımsız olarak, ebeveynlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının çocukların beslenme davranışları üzerinde büyük bir etkisi olduğunu gözlemlemiştir. Aile ile birlikte yeme, ebeveynlerin rol model olması, ebeveyn beslenme bilgi düzeyi, ebeveyn teşvikinin artması ve aşırı baskının azalmasının çocukların beslenme davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ebeveynleri tarafından sağlıklı beslenme konusunda teşvik edilen çocukların okul temelli beslenme eğitim programlarından edindikleri bilgileri daha uzun süre kullanım potansiyelleri vardır. Bu durum, ev ortamının çocuklarda sağlıklı beslenme davranışını desteklemedeki önemli rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Ebeveyn katılımlı çocuk besleme eğitimlerinin, diyetle ilgili hastalıkları önlemek için gelecekte uygulanacak diyet müdahalelerinin ve politikalarının tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilecek değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri olarak değerlendirildiği çalışmalar artırılmalıdır. Bu derleme de, ebeveyn beslenme eğitiminin okul çağı çocuklarında verilen beslenme eğitimine etkisinin değerlendirildiği çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

Background: In this study, we aimed to examine the development of knowledge on pectus deformities through a meticulous analysis of the 100 most-cited articles published on this topic. Methods: Publications related to pectus deformities from January 1975 to April 2020 were scanned using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publications were ranked from maximum to minimum according to the number of citations and were examined in detail. Results: The 100 articles were published in 27 different journals and received a total of 8,290 citations. The average of the impact factors of journals in 2018 was 4.441. The mean citation density of all articles was 5.1±3.8. In the past years, a surgical technique definition and experience transfer were more frequently used, while complications and technical details were started to be presented in recent years. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the studies of pectus deformities would continue and, from now on, issues such as complications and technical details would come to the forefront in the articles.

Maternal beslenme birçok bulaşıcı olmayan kronik hastalığın gelişiminde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Gebelik boyunca maternal beslenme durumu programlanmada değişikliklere neden olup yetişkin dönem hastalıklarının gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Plasenta yetmezliği, glukokortikoidlere maruz kalma, beslenme yetersizlikleri ya da fazlalıkları ve stres gibi çeşitli perinatal sorunlar ile birlikte maternal intestinal mikrobiyom fetusun/yavrunun gelişimini değiştirerek kronik bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların oluşmasında yatkınlığa yol açabilir. Aynı zamanda gebelik sürecince yapılan beslenme müdahaleleri, programlama sürecinin tersine çevrilerek bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların önlenmesini amaçlayan yeni stratejilerin oluşturabilmesi için çok değerlidir. Fetal gelişim sırasında gen ekspresyonu epigenetik mekanizmalardan etkilenebilir. Özellikle deoksiribonükleik asit metilasyonunda rol alan genlerin epigenetik modifikasyonları, histon modifikasyonları ve mikroRNA’lar hayatın sonraki dönemlerinde metabolik hastalıkların gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu derlemede epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ve hayvan modellerinden elde edilen veriler ışığında maternal beslenmenin fetal programlama üzerine etkilerinin altında yatan mekanizmalardan biri olan epigenetik mekanizmalar ele alınmıştır.

Patients with autosomal recessive protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) deficiency suffer from childhood-onset autoimmunity, including systemic lupus erythematosus. They also suffer from recurrent infections that overlap with those seen in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a disease caused by defects of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and a lack of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We studied an international cohort of 17 PKC delta-deficient patients and found that their EBV-B cells and monocyte-derived phagocytes produced only small amounts of ROS and did not phosphorylate p40(phox) normally after PMA or opsonized Staphylococcus aureus stimulation. Moreover, the patients' circulating phagocytes displayed abnormally low levels of ROS production and markedly reduced neutrophil extracellular trap formation, altogether suggesting a role for PKC delta in activation of the NADPH oxidase complex. Our findings thus show that patients with PKC delta deficiency have impaired NADPH oxidase activity in various myeloid subsets, which may contribute to their CGD-like infectious phenotype. Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics - National Human Genome Research Institute [UM1HG006504]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [5R01AI089970, 5R37AI095983, R01AI127564-01]; National Center for Research ResourcesUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [8UL1TR001866]; Rockefeller University; St. Giles Foundation; INSERMInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)European Commission; University of Paris; French Foundation for Medical ResearchFondation pour la Recherche Medicale [EQU201903007798]; Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID]; SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science; French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investments for the future programFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-IAHU-01]; ANR-IFNPHOX [ANR-13-ISV3-0001-01]; ANR-GENMSMDFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-16-CE17-0005-01]; ANR-GENCMCD [ANR-11-BSV3-005-01]; ANR-HGDIFDFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-14-CE15-0006-01]; Bettencourt Schueller Foundation; International PhD program of the Imagine Institute; Japanese Foundation; EURO-CMC project [ANR-14-RARE-0005-02]; Societe Nationale Francaise de Medecine Interne (Bourse Marcel Simon); INSERM PhD program for medical doctors (poste d'accueil INSERM); Fulbright grant (Franco-American commission); MD-PhD program of Imagine Institute; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa National PhD Fellowship Program; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR); Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany's Excellence StrategyGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [EXC 2155, 390874280]; REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine through the State of Lower Saxony [MWK: ZN3440] This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Asghar Agha-mohammadi, who passed away in November 2020, and made immense contributions to the understanding and treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. We thank all patients, their relatives, and the treatment teams for their cooperation in this study. We thank all the members of the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases for helpful discussions. We also thank Christine Rivalain, Cecile Pa-tissier, Lazaro Lorenzo-Diaz, Dominick Papandrea, Dana Liu, and Yelena Nemirovskaya for administrative assistance and Gaspard Kerner for statistical advice. We thank the Necker Institute Imaging Facility for technical advice. The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com under subscription. This research was supported by the Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics funded by the National Human Genome Research Insti-tute (UM1HG006504) . The Howard Hughes Medical Institute lab-oratory was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grants 5R01AI089970, 5R37AI095983, and R01AI127564-01) , the National Center for Research Resources, and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (grant 8UL1TR001866 for J-L. Casa-nova) , the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, INSERM, the University of Paris, the French Foundation for MedicalResearch (EQU201903007798) , the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) , the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, and the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investments for the future program (grant ANR-10-IAHU-01) , ANR-IFNPHOX (grant ANR-13-ISV3-0001-01 for J. Bustamante) , ANR-GENMSMD (grant ANR-16-CE17-0005-01 for J. Bustamante) , ANR-GENCMCD (grant ANR-11-BSV3-005-01 for A. Puel) , and ANR-HGDIFD (grant ANR-14-CE15-0006-01 for J. Bustamante) . A-L. Neehus was sup-ported by the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation and the Interna-tional PhD program of the Imagine Institute, K. Moriya by a Japanese Foundation for Pediatric Research fellowship grant and EURO-CMC project (grant ANR-14-RARE-0005-02 for J. Bustamante) , R. Levy by the Societe Nationale Francaise de Medecine Interne (Bourse Marcel Simon) , the INSERM PhD program for medical doctors (poste d'accueil INSERM) , and the Fulbright grant (Franco-American commission) , T. Le Voyer by the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation and the MD-PhD program of Imagine Institute, and A. Nieto-Patlan by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa Na-tional PhD Fellowship Program. All research at the Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust is sup-ported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre. P.A. Brogan also acknowledges support from the Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity. N. Lachmann acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Ger-many's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2155-project number 390874280 and the REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine funded through the State of Lower Saxony (MWK: ZN3440) . Author contributions: A-L. Neehus, J-L. Casanova, A. Puel, and J. Bustamante conceived and designed the study. A-L. Neehus, K. Moriya, T. Le Voyer, A. Nieto-Patlan, R. Levy, M. Roynard, K. Haake, M. Migaud, and K. Dorgham performed the experiments. A. ozen, E. Karakoc-Aydiner, S. Baris, A. Yildiran, E. Altundag, F. Dogu, S. Has-kologlu, E. Ince, G. Uzel, A. Kiykim, K. Boztug, M.R. Roderick, M. Shahrooei, P.A. Brogan, H. Abolhassani, G. Hancioglu, N. Parvaneh, A.; Belot, and A. Ikinciogullari were the treating physicians respon-sible for clinical diagnosis, deep phenotyping, sample collection, and patient follow-up. G. Gorochov, L. Abel, N. Lachmann, J. El-Benna, and A. Belot provided conceptual advice. A-L. Neehus, J-L. Casanova, A. Puel, and J. Bustamante analyzed the results and wrote the man-uscript. All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. Disclosures: P.A. Brogan reported personal fees from Sobi, No-vartis, Roche, and GSK, and grants from Sobi outside the sub-mitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

CCNE1 gene amplification is associated with overexpression of Cyclin E1 protein and is an important oncogenic driver. CCNE1 amplification is common in high grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) and is associated with platinum resistance and poor patient outcomes. Importantly, Cyclin E1 overexpression can also occur in the absence of gene amplification in ovarian cancer. Overexpression of Cyclin E1 increases CDK2 activity and accelerates entry into S phase of cell cycle, resulting in replication stress and rendering cells more dependent on DNA repair. WEE1 participates in the DNA damage response by controlling essential checkpoints of the cell cycle, preventing cells from entering mitosis and allowing for DNA repair before cell cycle progression. Thus, we hypothesize that ovarian cancers overexpressing Cyclin E1, either via CCNE1 gene amplification or through other independent mechanisms, are more sensitive to WEE1 inhibition. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a range of preclinical cancer models using azenosertib, a novel, selective, and orally bioavailable WEE1 inhibitor currently in clinical development. Ovarian cancer cell lines overexpressing Cyclin E1 protein (Cyclin E1high) were more sensitive to azenosertib than ovarian cancer cell lines with lower levels of Cyclin E1 protein (Cyclin E1low) inducing significant cytotoxic effects (GRmax < -0.5). In Cyclin E1low ovarian cancer cell lines, overexpression of Cyclin E1 increased sensitivity to azenosertib. In contrast, silencing of CDK2 in Cyclin E1high cells reduced sensitivity to azenosertib. In vivo, higher levels of baseline expression of Cyclin E1 in tumor cells were associated with better response to azenosertib, with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) ranging from 51.5% in a Cyclin E1low SKOV3 model to 88% in a Cyclin E1high OVCAR3 model. Azenosertib synergized with chemotherapy agents in multiple ovarian cancer models. In vitro, we report that Cyclin E1high cancer cells were more sensitive to the combination of azenosertib and chemotherapeutics than Cyclin E1low cancer cells. In vivo, the synergy between azenosertib and paclitaxel was stronger in Cyclin E1high OVCAR3 model (46% reduction of initial tumor volume/104% TGI) than Cyclin E1low A2780 model (85% TGI). Taken together, these data suggest that Cyclin E1 overexpression via gene amplification or independent mechanisms sensitize ovarian cancer cells to azenosertib alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This observation supports the use of Cyclin E1 expression to enrich for azenosertib responders in ovarian cancer and possibly other tumor types. Two subsets of Cyclin E1-driven platinum resistant ovarian cancer patients, as defined by gene amplification or protein overexpression, are being enrolled in an azenosertib monotherapy trial. Citation Format: Jianhui Ma, Wen Liu, Heekyung Chung, Hooman Izadi, Petrus DeJong, Olivier Harismendy, Jia li, Fernando Doñate, Ahmed Samatar, Mark Lackner, Laure Escoubet, Kevin Bunker, Daehwan Kim, Nathan Jameson, Tugba Yildiran Ozmen, Kangjin Jeong, Dong Zhang, Wen-An Pan, Gordon Mills. Cyclin E1 protein overexpression sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to ZN-c3, a novel, selective and oral bioavailable inhibitor of Wee1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2153.