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Jingxia Huang,1,* Jing Lin,2,* Yun Xiong,2 Zhonghao Wang,2 Yanling Zhu,1 Huijing Ye,3 Wenjun Guo1 1Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orbital Disease and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenjun GuoState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 87331548Fax +86 20 87334825Email 402385889@qq.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative discomfort in patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus under general anesthesia, and to identify risk factors associated with the discomfort.PatientsandMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 consecutive patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus under general anesthesia. Postoperative discomfort including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache was recorded and quantified. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to detect the risk factors associated with postoperative discomfort.Results: Of 210 participants, 199 (94.76%) patients experienced mild discomfort after ambulatory strabismus surgery under general anesthesia, and 31 (14.76%), 11 (5.24%), 60 (28.57%), 23 (10.95%) patients suffered from nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache, respectively. A multivariate analysis indicated thatfemale sex, the surgery on inferior rectus, and the surgery on inferior oblique were the independent risk factors for postoperative vomiting while, mild anxiety was the independent risk factor for postoperative dizziness.Conclusion: Patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus surgery tended to experience postoperative nausea and dizziness. Female sex, the surgery on inferior rectus, mild anxiety, and the surgery on inferior oblique were the independent predictors of postoperative discomfort.Keywords: postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, strabismus surgery, ambulatory surgery, related factors

Rongxin Chen,1,* Huijing Ye,1,* Shu Liu,2,* Yueyan Lin,1 Wei Xiao,1 Shaowei Bi,1 Guo Chen,1 Te Zhang,1 Jingqiao Chen,1 Huasheng Yang1 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Huasheng YangState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 8733 1539Fax +86 20 8733 3271Email yanghs64@126.comPurpose: To improve public and medical awareness of the possibility of retinoblastoma (RB) in children who experienced inadvertent trauma with or without trauma-related symptoms and signs.Patients and methods: Retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of children with a trauma history preceding a diagnosis of RB at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, between January 2013 and August 2018, and the number of children hospitalized with eye trauma during the same period.Results: Among 793 consecutive patients with RB, 10 (1.3%) had a history of trauma. Two of these 10 patients (20%, accounting for nearly 0.2% of the 1103 eye trauma patients who were treated at our center) had undergone vitrectomy in an eye with unsuspected tumors. Of the 10 cases (12 eyes), only 5 (7 eyes) were initially diagnosed with RB or an intraocular space-occupying mass before referral to the oncology clinic, and 8 patients (80%) with 8 eyes that were ultimately staged as cT2b or higher underwent enucleation on referral to the oncology clinic. Although additional treatment was performed, two of these patients experienced intracranial metastasis and death during a mean follow-up time of 25.9 months from treatment.Conclusion: More attention should be paid to the possibility of underlying RB in children of preschool age who have experienced trauma with or without eye signs.Keywords: unsuspected retinoblastoma, injury, awareness

沖縄のマリンスポーツイントラクターの特性と行動について，関西圏の3 大学で大学生144 名を対象とした質問紙調査を実施した。その結果，雰囲気因子・技術因子・外見因子得点・指導力因子・安全性因子の5 因子が抽出された。男女ともに，雰囲気因子得点と技術因子得点が高く，外見因子得点・指導力因子得点・安全性因子得点よりも有意に高い結果が得られた。マリンスポーツ経験と各因子得点との相関分析の結果，経験回数と技術因子とで，男性はプラスの相関，女性はマイナスの相関分析結果が得られた。女性は，過去のパフォーマンスにポジティブイメージを持つことにより，達成動機や目標指向性の向上よりも方略的な快楽主義を優先し，男性は，より高い目標指向性を設定することと学んだことを喪失しないための方策として熟達回避目標が女性よりも高く設定されていると推察された。