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Additional file 6. Selection of colon and rectal cancer cases from the 45 and Up Study cohort for inclusion in this study.

Additional file 3. Colon and rectal cancer cases assigned to each treatment category based on treatment received in the 0-1, 0-2, and 0-5 years after diagnosis, by spread of disease.

Additional file 9. Cancer-specific 1- and 2-year survival after a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer, by spread of disease, based on NSWCR data to 31 December 2013.

Additional file 5. Detailed information on the subdistribution, separate Cox’s cause-specific and joint Cox hazard model and application of each method using the SAS procedure PHREG.

Additional file 13. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for associations between characteristics of rectal cancer cases and treatment received within 2 years from the cancer diagnosis. SHRs from the competing risks Fine-Gray model, and HRs from the cause-specific Cox hazard and joint Cox model were adjusted for all characteristics in the table. P-values with two asterisks (**) are significant after Bonferroni adjustment for 16 tests (i.e., p

Additional file 12. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for associations between characteristics of colon cancer cases and cancer treatment received within 2 years after cancer diagnosis. Subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) from the competing risks Fine-Gray model, and hazard ratios (HRs) from the cause-specific Cox hazard and joint Cox model were adjusted for all characteristics shown in the table. P-values with two asterisks (**) are significant after Bonferroni adjustment for 16 tests (i.e., p

Additional file 8. Overall 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival after a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer, by spread of disease, based on RBDM data to June 2017.

Additional file 1. Diagnosis codes used to identify conditions in the Admitted Patient Data Collection and derive Charlson’s comorbidity index score. The total index score was calculated as the total sum of updated weights for conditions captured in the 5 years prior to diagnosis.

Additional file 4. Characteristics of colon cancer and rectal cancer cases by type of cancer treatment received in the 0-2 years after diagnosis.

Additional file 10. Time from diagnosis to first cancer treatment received in the 0-2 years after diagnosis, by treatment category. The cumulative percentage was obtained using the cumulative incidence function (CIF).

Additional file 7. Age and spread of disease at diagnosis of colon and rectal cancer cases in the 45 and Up Study, and of all cases in NSW and Australia.

Additional file 2. Codes used to identify cancer treatment procedures in the different health datasets.

Additional file 2. Figure showing comparison of age-standardised incidence rates for cancers of the lung, colorectum, prostate and breast including death certificate only and people with multiple cancers for New South Wales and Australia, using data from Cancer Data in Australia, 1982-2016. Age-standardised using the Australian population in 2001.

Additional file 4: Cumulative percentage of female 45 and Up Study participants with self-reported age at menopause (years) below each age threshold. This figure illustrates the approach used to determine the age threshold for the reference approach (here, age ��� 55 years at baseline). The cumulative percentage of female participants with self-reported age at menopause below each age threshold is based on women aged 55 + years at baseline who had experienced natural menopause and reported their age at menopause, never used MHT, have not had an oophorectomy nor a hysterectomy, and were not using oral contraceptives at baseline (n = 30,591).

Additional file 7: Correspondence between directly self-reported, detailed derived and consolidated derived menopausal status in the 45 and Up Study (based on the reference approach, here, age ��� 55 years at baseline). The diagram illustrates the classification of female 45 and Up Study participants by directly self-reported menopausal status (left vertical bar), detailed derived menopausal status (middle vertical bar) and consolidated derived menopausal status (right vertical bar). The horizontal bands represent the re-classification of participants between the different status assignments, coloured according to the directly self-reported menopausal status. For example, ~ 19,000 participants had directly self-reported ���not sure��� status (light blue horizontal bands), of whom ~ 8,000 were assigned the ���no periods due to hysterectomy��� detailed derived menopausal status. Of these ~ 5,500 were then assigned ���post-menopause��� consolidated derived status in the final step, while ~ 2,500 were assigned ���unknown��� consolidated derived status.

Additional file 1. Table showing harmonisation of categories for characteristics across the 45 and Up Study and survey questionnaires. A. Harmonisation of categories for 45 and Up Study and ABS Census. B. Harmonisation of categories for 45 and Up Study, NDSHS and ANHS.

Additional file 4. Calculation of standardised incidence ratios.

Additional file 2: Systematic categorisation of the combinations of interventions that could affect menopausal status and frequency of each category in the 45 and Up Study (n = 142,973). Final categories are shown in dark red.

Additional file 7. Figure of unweighted and weighted Standardised Incidence Ratios (SIRs) for cancers of the lung, colorectum, breast and prostate for the 45 and Up Study cohort compared to the NSW and Australian population, using NSW Cancer Registry data (2009-2013).

Additional file 5: Frequency of self-reported menopausal status of female 45 and Up Study participants by single year age at baseline. This table illustrates the approach used to determine the age threshold for the conservative approach (here, ��� age 57 years at baseline). The frequency is based on female participants who had never used MHT, have not had an oophorectomy nor a hysterectomy, and did not use oral contraceptives at baseline (n = 63,742).

Additional file 6: Cumulative percentage of female 45 and Up Study participants who had experienced natural menopause by age at baseline. This figure illustrates the approach used to determine the age threshold for the least-conservative approach (here, age ��� 54 years at baseline). The percentage is based on all female 45 and Up Study participants who had never used MHT, have not had an oophorectomy nor a hysterectomy, and were not using oral contraceptives at baseline (n = 41,891).

Additional file 8: Age at menopause, prevalence of hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy and current MHT use in the 45 and Up Study compared to other Australian studies. 1 Estimates from InterLACE Study Team. Variations in reproductive events across life: a pooled analysis of data from 505 147 women across 10 countries. Hum Reprod. 2019;34(5):881���93. 2 Estimates from Wilson LF, Pandeya N, Byles J, Mishra GD. Hysterectomy status and all-cause mortality in a 21-year Australian population-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(1):83 e1���e11. 3 Estimates from Velentzis LS, Banks E, Sitas F, Salagame U, Tan EH, Canfell K. Use of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Bioidentical Hormone Therapy in Australian Women 50 to 69 Years of Age: Results from a National, Cross-Sectional Study. PloS one. 2016;11(3):e0146494-e.

Additional file 3: Assignment of the detailed derived menopausal status based on self-reported menopausal status, oophorectomy, hysterectomy, MHT use, and the timing of these interventions for women in the 45 and Up Study. Fewer than 5 women, actual number suppressed to preserve confidentiality.^ Missing either one or more responses to ever had a hysterectomy, oophorectomy, ever used MHT or self-reported menopause.

Additional file 3. Development of raking weights.