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When making a video, if the video has a language organization error, it needs to be re-recorded. It is not possible to remove inappropriate or unnatural pronunciation parts of the recording more effectively. In response to this problem, this paper studies the speech extraction, error correction and synthesis of video, which is divided into three parts: (1) Speech segmentation and speech-to-text of video; (2) Text recognition error correction; (3) Text-to-speech and video speech synthesis. For the first part, we applied the staged and efficient algorithm based on (Bayesian Information Criterion) BIC & (Statistical Mean Euclidean Distance) MEdist to segment the video voice, and then, the segmented audio is subtracted to reduce noise, and finally converted to text using the iFLYTEK interface. For the second part, we apply the (Double Automatic Error Correction) DAEC algorithm to text error correction. For the third part, we use the (Improved Chinese Realtime Voice Cloning) I-Zhrtvc for text-to-speech. Then merge the voice into the video. The simulation result shows that the staged and efficient algorithm based on BIC & MEdist, which accurately segmented by sentences, can identify audio with dialect accents, and has high accuracy in translating to text, up to an average of 95.8%. DAEC algorithm has a high error correction rate. The audio prosody accuracy after synthesis is high. ZVTOW text-to-speech (Mean Opinion Score) MOS up to 4.5.

This work developed a novel strategy for producing starch straws with desirable mechanical properties by a combination of extrusion, retrogradation, and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) cross-linking. The straws were prepared by first extruding starch, glycerin, and water (10:1:1) with a double screw extruder, then retrograding the resulting straws at 4 °C for 6 h, and finally cross-linking the straws. Rapid visco-analyzer profiles showed decreases in the viscosity of milled straws with increases in the cross-linking duration, perhaps reflecting a higher degree of crosslinking. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed evidence of more hydrogen bonds in the straws with a longer cross-linking duration, while thermogravimetric analysis indicated higher thermal stability for the cross-linked straws than for the controls. The straw cross-linked for 3 h showed 1.52 times higher stiffness after soaking in room-temperature water for 30 min (4967.56 g/s), and 1.88 times higher stiffness after soaking in 60 °C hot water for 5 min (5371.89 g/s) than the original straw. STMP cross-linking also improved the starch straw mechanical properties after soaking in common soft drinks. These findings identify a potential new way to produce biodegradable straws with desirable properties from starch, an affordable biomaterial, while also addressing the problem of petroleum-based plastic pollution.

A dual-core–shell structure, B@LiF@AP, B embedded with LiF as core and AP as shell, with multi-effect synergies, has been designed and successfully prepared to improve processibility, ignition and combustion of B.

In this study, the network strength of starch hydrogels was improved by adjusting the pH value (3-11.5) and adding iron ions (Fe

Toehold-mediated strand displacement and its regulatory tools are fundamental for DNA nanotechnology. However, current regulatory tools all need to change the original sequence of reactants, making the regulation inconvenient and cumbersome. More importantly, the booming development of DNA nanotechnology will soon promote the production of packaged and batched devices or circuits with specified functions. Regarding standardized, packaged DNA nanodevices, access to personalized post-modification will greatly help users, whereas none of the current regulatory tools can provide such access, which has greatly constrained DNA nanodevices from becoming more powerful and practical. Herein, we developed a novel regulation tool named Cap which has two basic functions of subtle regulation of the reaction rate and erasability. Based on these functions, we further developed three advanced functions. Through integration of all functions of Cap and its distinct advantage of working independently, we finally realized personalized tailor-made post-modification on pre-fabricated DNA circuits. A pre-fabricated dual-output DNA circuit was successfully transformed into an equal-output circuit, a signal-antagonist circuit and a covariant circuit according to our requirements. Taken together, Cap is easy to design and generalizable for all strand displacement-based DNA nanodevices. We believe the Cap tool will be widely used in regulating reaction networks and personalized tailor-made post-modification of DNA nanodevices.

Based on literature survey and critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, the variation in the presence or absence of filiform, tuberiferous stolons, shape and division degree of leaflets of basal leaves, shape, vein number and hairiness of sepals, presence or absence of nectary scale of petals, length of styles and shape of carpels are clarified for Ranunculus ternatus (Ranunculaceae), a polymorphic eastern Asian species very widely distributed in central and southeastern China. Ranunculus huainingensis and R. lujiangensis, both described from Anhui province in China, are revealed to lie within the variation range of R. ternatus. We therefore place both R. huainingensis and R. lujiangensis in synonymy with R. ternatus herein.

As Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg compiled, there are nine hallmarks of cancer that are conducive to cancer cell development and survival. Previous studies showed that brother of the regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS) might promote cancer progression through these aspects. The competition between BORIS and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), which is crucial in the formation of chromatin loops, affects the normal function of CTCF and leads to neoplasia and deformity. In addition, BORIS belongs to the cancer-testis antigen families, which are potential targets in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we discuss the function and mechanisms of BORIS, especially in cancer development.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, plays an important in anti-aging and disease. Lactococcus lactis, an important probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has shown great potential for the biosynthesis of NMN, which will significantly affect the probiotic effects of the dairy products.We used the CRISPR/nCas9 technique to knockout nadR gene of L. lactis NZ9000 to enhance the accumulation of NMN by 61%. The nadE* gene from Francisella tularensis with codon optimization was heterologous in L. lactis NZ9000ΔnadR and has a positive effect on NMN production. Combined with optimization of the concentration of substrate nicotinamide, a final intracellular NMN titer was 2289 μmol LOur study provides a better understanding of the NMN biosynthesis pathway in L. lactis, and can facilitate NMN production in LAB via synthetic biology approaches. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Railway freight rates are seen as a key driving factor of global trade activities, influenced by numerous factors. Given the limitations of fuzziness and randomness of variable quantification in the previous studies, this paper proposes a cognitive cloud model of factors influencing railway bulk goods freight rates. In the cognitive cloud model, randomness and fuzziness are described by three parameters. Furthermore, a cloud generator including forwarding and backward cloud generators is designed to solve the bidirectional conversion between qualitative indicators and quantitative values. In addition, we propose a floating cloud gathering algorithm to determine the weight of the index system to solve the uncertainty problem in the transformation process of qualitative indicators. Finally, the cognitive cloud model and the adapted algorithm are used to perform an in-depth analysis of the affecting factors of Z Railway Bureau freight transport pricing.

Critical observations on herbarium specimens and studies of living plants in the wild and in cultivation demonstrate that plants of Thalictrum fortunei with bulbils borne in leaf axils do not deserve recognition as an independent variety, i.e. T. fortunei var. bulbiliferum, with bulbils frequently occurring in late flowering and fruiting plants of this species. We therefore reduce T. fortunei var. bulbiliferum to the synonymy of T. fortunei. The description of hairiness is added for this species, which has been previously described as glabrous throughout. Morphological and geographical confusion involving T. fargesii and T. fortunei is also clarified.

Delphinium kamaonense Huth (1893: 333). Figs.1, 3–11. Type:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kamaon (Kumaun), Nipshany Valley in Darma, 4300–4600 m, 31 August 1884, J.F. Duthie 2675 [probably G, E!, K!; see Munz (1967) and Yuan & Yang (2017)]. = Delphinium sordidecaerulescens Ulbrlich (1935: 358). D. tatsienense f. sordidecaerulescens (Ulbrlich) Handel-Mazzetti (1939: 61). Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Songpan, Huang-chen-kuan (= Huang-sheng-guan), in prato herboso, alt. ca. 3400 m, 19 August 1922, H. Smith 3983 (holotype UPS!). = Delphinium pseudograndiflorum Wang (1962: 275). Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Heishui, grassland at mountain top, alt. 3300 m, 16 August 1957, X. Li 74016 (holotype PE!, isotypes NAS!, SZ!). = Delphinium pseudograndiflorum var. glabrescens Wang (1962: 275). D. kamaonense var. glabrescens (Wang) Wang (1979a: 449). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Zayu, alt. 3200 m, 24 July 1960, G.C. Xia & K.T. Mi 336 (holotype IDM!). = Delphinium pseudograndiflorum var. lobatum Wang (1962: 275). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Qamdo, 11 August 1951, Y.W. Tsui 5224 (holotype PE!). = Delphinium obcordatilimbum Wang (1979b: 616). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Riwoqe, alt. 3850 m, 21 July 1976, Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 9213 (holotype PE!, isotype PE!). = Delphinium latilimbum Wang (2020: 124), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Cona, on the way from Marmang town to Cona county town, slopes, alt. 3449–4414 m, PE Xizang Exped. 6429 (holotype PE!, isotype PE!). Fig. 1. Description:—Perennial herbs. Rootstock digitate, somewhat tuber-like when fresh, ca. 3.5 cm long, thickened to ca. 5 mm in diameter. Stems solitary, simple or branched distally, 5–50 cm tall, proximally sparsely retrosely and somewhat spreading white puberulent, subglabrous or very sparsely spreading puberulent elsewhere. Basal and proximal leaves more or less rosulate, long petiolate; petioles 5–12 cm long, proximally sparsely somewhat spreading white puberulent; blades sparsely puberulent with very short appressed hairs on adaxial surface, sparsely puberulent with longer hairs along veins on abaxial surface and along margins, orbicular-reniform or orbicular-pentagonal, 2–6.5 cm long, 2.5–6.5 cm broad, deeply 5-lobed, lobes further divided into narrowly oblong segments 1–4 mm broad, obtuse or acute; cauline leaves few to several, petiolate; blades orbicular, finely dissected into linear or narrowly linear segments 1–3 mm broad or less. Inflorescence simple or compound racemes, rachis flexuous, very sparsely somewhat spreading puberulent or subglabrous, few- to several-flowered; proximal bracts leaflike, distal ones narrowly linear or subulate, ciliate; pedicels ascending to more or less divaricate, densely puberulent distally, subglabrous elsewhere; bracteoles borne in upper part of pedicels, subulate, 4–6.5 mm long, ciliate. Sepals deep blue or purplish, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 1.1–1.8 cm long, appressed puberulent outside, spur subulate, straight or slightly curved upward, longer than sepals, 2–2.2 cm long. Petals glabrous, nearly rounded at apex. Staminodes blue, obovate, 2-lobed, ciliate, ventrally yellowish barbate; claws ca. 4.5 mm long. Stamens glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Carpels 3; ovaries densely puberulent. Follicles densely puberulent. Distribution and habitat:— Delphinium kamaonense is widely distributed in China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang), northwestern India, and Nepal (Fig. 12). It often grows on open grassy slopes or in scrubs at altitudes of 2800–4800 m. Phenology:—Flowering from July to September; fruiting from September to October.. Additional specimens examined: CHINA. Gansu: Hezuo, X. Yin et al. LiuJQ-GN-2011-219 (KUN); Jone, W.Y. Hsia 8381 (WUK), T.P. Wang 5572 (PE, WUK); Luqu, Tao River Exped. 427 (KUN); Maqu, X. Yin et al. LiuJQ-GN-2011-218 (KUN); Xiahe, K.T. Fu 1486 (IBSC, PE, WUK), W. Qi LJQ-2008-GN-365 (KUN), Tao River Exped. 041 (KUN), Q.R. Wang & M.S. Yan 10643 (PE), Q.R. Wang & M.S. Yan 10738 (PE); Tewo, J.F. Rock 13178 (NAS, PE), J.F. Rock 14594 (NAS). Qinghai: Chindu, Anonymous 726 (PE), T.N. Ho et al. 1720 (BM), S.W. Liu 00494 (PE), S.W. Liu 2463 (HNWP), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 419 (PE); Henan, S.W. Liu 1934 (HNWP); Jigzhi, D.E. Boufford et al. 39466 (PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 632 (HNWP); Maqen, T.N. Ho et al. 437 (HNWP), Y.H. Wu 4633 (HNWP); Nangqen, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0681 (KUN), S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0701 (KUN), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7199 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7246 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7887 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8191 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8303 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8315 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8376 (HNWP), P.C. Kuo & W.Y. Wang 8385 (HNWP), Z.D. Wei 21913 (HNWP), Z.D. Wei 22089 (HNWP), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1038 (HNWP, PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1188 (PE), B.Q. Xu et al. Xianh0072 (KUN), Y.C. Yang 1189 (HNWP, PE,WUK); Qumarleb, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0799 (KUN); Tongde, Y.H. Wu 5372 (HNWP); Tongren, P.C. Kuo 25892 (HNWP), S.W. Liu 3561 (HNWP), Q.E. Yang 9516 (PE); Yushu, Anonymous 388 (HNWP, PE, WUK), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7167 (HNWP), T.N. Ho et al. 1972 (BM, PE), T.N. Ho et al. 2044 (BM, PE), T.N. Ho et al. 2264 (E), T.N. Ho et al. 2488 (BM, E), B. Ren 014 (PE), B. Ren 033 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 428 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 431 (PE); Zadoi, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0714 (HNWP, KUN), S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0758 (HNWP, KUN); Zekog, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0932 (KUN), L.H. Zhou & L.L. Sun 1640 (HNWP). Sichuan: Aba, D.E. Boufford et al. 39432 (PE), X. Li 72042 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Baiyu, Anonymous 0134 (SM), D.E. Boufford et al. 37004 (PE), H.Y. Li 139 (PE), Z.X. Tang et al. 770 (PE), H.S. Ye s.n. (PE); Barkam, Z.B. Feng 960318 (WCSBG), X. Li 71757 (IBSC, NAS, PE), X. Li 72254 (IBSC, NAS, PE), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 22806 (NAS), Sichuan Veg. Exped. 9528 (CDBI, IBSC, PE); Batang, Anonymous 1545 (PE), Anonymous 1667 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 35550 (PE), K.Y. Lang et al. 2392 (KUN, PE), K. Yao 891 (NAS); Danba, Anonymous 257 (SM); Dawu, Anonymous 5689 (CDBI, PE), Anonymous 5789 (PE), Anonymous 5871 (CDBI, PE), Anonymous 15758 (SM), W.K. Hu & C. Ho 10877 (HGAS, PE), W.K. Hu & C. Ho 10905 (HGAS, PE), S. Jiang et al. 9601 (PE), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 15758 (NAS), L. Wang et al. 2338 (IBSC); Dege, D.E. Boufford et al. 36400 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 36421 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 36700 (PE), Dege Exped. 0510 (SM), Dege Exped. 0636 (SM), S.X. Jia s.n. (PE), S.X. Jia 133 (PE), Sichuan Veg. Exped. 7345 (PE), Z.X. Tang et al. 609 (PE), Y.W. Tsui 5030 (PE); Derong, X.W. Tian 095 (PE); Garze, D.E. Boufford et al. 36332 (PE), W.K. Hu 13106 (PE), S. Jiang et al. 9601 (PE), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 15145 (NAS), Y.W. Tsui 4942 (PE), T.S. Ying 4545 (PE); Heishui, X. Li 73446 (PE), X. Li 73654 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Hongyuan, Anonymous 23636 (NAS, PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 40023 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 40051 (PE), S.Y. Chen et al. 5543 (SM), X. Li 2153 (NAS, PE), X. Li 72086 (IBSC, NAS, PE), X. Li 72101 (IBSC, PE), B.C. Ni 00284 (CDBI), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 20655 (NAS), Y.C. Tang et al. 20 (NAS, PE), Z.X. Tang 1710 (PE), Z.X. Tang 1778 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 307 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 310 (PE), K. Yao 610 (NAS), Q.S. Zhao 0261 (BM, P, PE), D. Zhou & W.Y. Wu B1 (PE), P. Zhuang et al. 2004099 (WCSBG); Jiuzhaigou, Anonymous 0880 (SM), Anonymous 1099 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 4114 (CDBI), Q.E. Yang 92020 (PE); Kangding, W.K. Hu 13106 (PE), Kunming & Edinburgh Sichuan Exped. 56 (E), J.A. Soulié 2389 (P), J.A. Soulié 2389a (P), C. Wang s.n. (BNU), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 260 (PE); Litang, D.E. Boufford et al. 42258 (PE), Hengduan Shan Veg. Exped. 4954 (PE), Kunming & Edinburgh Sichuan Exped. 161 (E), L. Wang et al. 3965 (IBSC); Lixian, Anonymous 33576 (PE), D.P. He 45697 (HNWP, WUK), D.P. He 45823 (HNWP, IBSC, WUK), D.P. He 46060 (HGAS), E.L. Liu 9 (PE), Y. Luo 328 (PE), Y. Luo 331 (PE), Q.S. Zhao 1241 (PE); Luhuo, D.E. Boufford et al. 33496 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 34250 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 34743 (PE), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037521 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037522 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037523 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037524 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037525 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037526 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037527 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037528 (SZ); Pingwu, L.M. Lu 2008355 (PE); Sertar, D.E. Boufford et al. 34568 (PE), J.H. Feng 06708 (CDBI, PE); Serxu, X.H. Hu 28363 (CDBI), Serxu Exped. 0113 (SM), L. Wang et al. 4066 (IBSC); Songpan, Anonymous 9528 (CDBI), T.G. Elumeeva 2539 (MW), X.M. Gao M113 (WCSBG), Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 4114 (CDBI), X.N. Tang 01013 (CDBI), X.N. Tang 00758 (CDBI), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 310 (PE), Y.B. Yang 0758 (CDBI); Tianquan, H.L. Tsiang 173 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Xiaojin, S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 6039 (PE), S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 6259 (CDBI), S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 646 2 (CDBI, PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 292 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 296 (BM, PE); Xiangcheng, Anonymous 0764 (SM); Xinlong, Anonymous 629 (SM), Q.W. Meng & H.Y. Xie s.n. (PE), L. Wang et al. 3987 (IBSC); Yanyuan, Yanyuan Exped. 577 (SM); Zamtang, D.E. Boufford et al. 38916 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 39038 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 39084 (PE); Zoige, Anonymous 0082 (SM), Anonymous 10276 (PE), Anonymous 20104 (SM), Anonymous 20395 (SM), D.E. Boufford et al. 39954 (PE), G.C. Chen et al. 1331 (HNWP), S.Y. Chen et al. 5840 (SM), X.Q. Li 0317 (CDBI), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 20104 (NAS), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 20395 (NAS), D.H. Zhu et al. 4604 (PE, WCSBG), D.H. Zhu et al. 4628 (PE, WCSBG). Xizang: Baqen, D.E. Boufford et al. 29985 (PE), D.D. Tao 11076 (KUN, PE); Baxoi, Anonymous 929 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 29694 (PE), C.C. Ni et al. 1255 (PE, XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-1166 (PE), Z.J. Ren s.n. (PE), L. Wang et al. 3329 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3383 (IBSC); Bomi, Anonymous 518 (KUN), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 685 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 710 (HNWP), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 323 (PE), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 328 (PE), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 463 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-126 (KUN, PE), Z.J. Ren 799 (PE), L. Xie BM11 (PE), T.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 650356 (PE), T.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 651114 (PE), J.W. Zhang 1735 (PE); Burang, Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 3889 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 4038 (HNWP, PE), J.H. Chen et al. Yangyp-Q-0030 (KUN), FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-0099 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 13009 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 13279 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 76-116 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 76-8240 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 76-8488 (PE); Chagyab, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12340 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 13003 (PE), L. Wang et al. 2407 (IBSC); Cona, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-0913 (PE), P.C. Kuo & W.Y. Wang 22822 (NAS), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 845 (BM), PE Xizang Exped. 6501 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 2359 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Suppl. Exped. 751714 (KUN, PE), Qinghai-Xizang Suppl. Exped. 751795 (KUN, PE), L. Wang et al. 3166 (IBSC); Dengqen, J.S. Yang 91 (PE), J.S. Yang 91-823 (KUN, PE); Gongbo’gyamda, Anonymous 0866 (XZ), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 2745 (PE), X.C. Chen et al. 5894 (XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7761 (PE), J.S. Yang 89-058 (IBSC, KUN) J.S. Yang 89-059 (PE), J.S. Yang 90- 314 (PE), J.S. Yang 90-642 (IBSC, KUN), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 503 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 506 (PE); Gyirong, Y.S. Chen et al. 288 (PE), S. Jiang et al. 283 (PE), B.S. Li et al. 13441 (PE), C. Liu et al. 18CS17492 (KUN), C.C. Ni et al. 2272 (PE, XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 5626 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 5709 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7041 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7084 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7180 (PE), L. Wang et al. 2685 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 2700 (IBSC), L. Wei & J.C. Hao 15434 (BNU), L. Wei & Y. He BNUXZ2016367 (BNU), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 679 (PE), X.W. Zhang et al. Liujq-09xz-lzt-085 (KUN), X.W. Zhang et al. Liujq-09xz-lzt-094 (KUN); Jomda, D.E. Boufford et al. 31231 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 31258 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 31578 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 33840 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12486 (PE), Y.W. Tsui 5289 (PE), L. Wang et al. 3425 (IBSC), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 463 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 467 (PE); Lhorong, D.E. Boufford et al. 40902 (KUN), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 8968 (PE); Lhozhag, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-1549 (PE), PE Xizang Exped. 6606 (PE); Lhunze, PE Xizang Exped. 5593 (PE), L. Wang et al. 3011 (IBSC); Mainling, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 74-3725 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 74- 4629 (PE); Markam, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 005226 (CDBI, KUN, PE); Nagarze, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7694 (PE); Nyalam, FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-0371 (PE), L. Wang et al. 2768 (IBSC), L. Wei & Y. He BNUXZ2016083 (BNU), L. Wei & Y. He BNUXZ2016107 (BNU), L. Wei & J.C. Hao 15272 (BNU), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1685 (HNWP, PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1688 (PE); Nyingchi, Anonymous 2193 (PE), Anonymous 2367 (KUN), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 1223 (PE), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 953 (PE), J. Luo et al. ML093 (HNWP, KUN, PE), J. Luo & S.L. Wang LiuJQ-08XZ-111 (KUN), PE Xizang Exped. 6875 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Suppl. Exped. 751277 (KUN, PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 3541 (HNWP, PE), C.Y. Wu et al. 75-1190 (KUN); Qamdo, Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 1964 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 2255 (HNWP), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 2815 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 29552 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 32462 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 32532 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12619 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12636 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-84 (KUN, PE), T.J. Tong et al. 338 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3404 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3411 (IBSC), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 475 (PE), X.Y. Zhu & Y.F. Du 20085 (PE); Riwoqe, D.E. Boufford et al. 31833 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 31979 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 40990 (PE), Kham Exped. 10-1460 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12909 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12923 (PE), L. Wang et al. 3447 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3459 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3495 (IBSC), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 478 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 479 (PE); Sog, D.D. Tao 10913 (KUN, PE), D.D. Tao 10930 (KUN, PE); Zayu, Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 1237 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 1320 (HNWP), FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-1388 (PE), R.F. Huang 480 (HNWP), Inst. Biol. Xizang Exped. 3892 (XZ), X.H. Jin et al. ST2435 (PE), X.H. Jin et al. ST2454 (PE), X.H. Jin et al. ST2539 (PE), X.H. Jin et al. ST2562 (PE), B.S. Li et al. 07233 (PE), C.C. Ni et al. 1030 (PE, XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-280 (PE), J.W. Zhang 1737 (PE); Zogang, Anonymous 76-59 (PE), Anonymous 76-591 (PE), L.M. Gao et al. GLM081381 (KUN), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 11005 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12909 (KUN). INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, F. Ludlow 775 (E), F. Ludlow 781 (E). NEPAL. Bajhang District, J.E.M. Arnold 12 (BM), J.B. Tyson 95 (BM); Dolpa District, JEST 4-63 (E), T.B. Shrestha 5421 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton 5553 (BM); Gorkha District, H. Ikeda et al. 20811118 (E), H. Ikeda 20811159 (E); Humla District, K.C. Madhu 2 (KATH); Manang District, N.P. Manandhar 9982 (KATH), D.P. Joshi & M.M. Amatya 73/614 (KATH); Mustang District, G. Miehe 250 (BM), M. Mikage et al. 9552514 (KATH), M. Mikage et al. 9967117 (TI), F. Miyamoto et al. 20230154 (KATH, TI), P.R. Shakya et al. 10595 (KATH), T.B. Shrestha & M.S. Bistha 1442 (KATH), T.B. Shrestha & M.S. Bistha 2458 (KATH), M.N. Subedi 210-2001 (KATH), M.N. Subedi 70/2002 (KATH), M.N. Subedi 0040094 (KATH), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 1871 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 1930 (E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 2026 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 2200 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 2233 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 7216 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 7351 (E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 7742 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 8035 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 8142 (BM, E); Rasuwa District, J.F. Dobremez 523 (BM), J.F. Dobremez 1003 (BM), J.F. Dobremez 1005 (KATH), Durham Univ. Himalayan Exped. 237 (BM), Durham Univ. Himalayan Exped. 240 (BM), D.G. Long et al. 477 (E), D.H. Nicolson 2183 (BM, KATH), S. Noshino 9194533 (KATH), O. Polunin 1576 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton 5172 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton 7267 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton 7420 (E), M.N. Subedi 00400283 (KATH). Notes:—In general aspect, Delphinium kamaonense is closely similar to D. yuanum Chen (1948: 176), a species distributed in northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan (Daocheng, Xiangcheng) and southeastern Xizang (Zayu), China, but differs by having stems sparsely retrosely and somewhat spreading white puberulent proximally, subglabrous or very sparsely spreading puberulent elsewhere (, Published as part of Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIV): D. latilimbum, recently described from southern Xizang (Tibet), is another new synonym of D. kamaonense, a Sino-Himalayan species, pp. 136-152 in Phytotaxa 600 (3) on pages 140-151, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8080768, {"references":["Huth, E. (1893) Neue Arten der Gattung Delphinium. Bulletin de L'Herbier Boissier 1: 327 - 336.","Munz, P. A. (1967) A synopsis of the Asian species of Delphinium, sensu stricto. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 48: 476 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 185735","Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q. E. (2017) Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XIV): Two new synonyms of D. kamaonense. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 25: 1 - 10.","Ulbrlich, E. (1935) Ranunculaceae novae vel criticae X. 355 - 359. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 12: 355 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994896","Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1939) Plantae sinensis a Dre. H. Smith annis 1921 - 1922, 1924 et 1934 lectae. XXXIII. Ranunculaceae. Acta Horti Gotoburgensis 13: 37 - 219.","Wang, W. T. (1962) Kriticeskij obzor roda Delphinium iz ljutikovych flory kitaja. Acta Botanica Sinica 10: 264 - 284.","Wang, W. T. (1979 a) Delphinium L. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 326 - 462.","Wang, W. T. (1979 b) Addenda. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 603 - 621.","Wang, W. T. (2020) A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (II). Guihaia 40 (suppl.): 1 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.3847 / 1538 - 4365 / aba 190","Chen, F. H. (1948) Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Delphinium of western China. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, n. s., 1: 163 - 183.","Wang, W. T. (1983) Notulae de Ranunculaceis sinensibus (VI). Acta Botanica Yunnanica 5: 153 - 163.","Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q. E. (2015) Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (VII): The identity of D. yanwaense. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 23: 479 - 491.","Hunt, D. R. (1978) Tab. 768, Delphinium coeruleum (Ranunculaceae). Curtis's Botanical Magazine 182 (part 2): 81 - 83.","Jacquemont, V. V. (1844) Voyage dans l'Inde, vol. 4. Firmin Didot Fre`res, Paris, pp. 1 - 56."]}

Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIV): D. latilimbum, recently described from southern Xizang (Tibet), is another new synonym of D. kamaonense, a Sino-Himalayan species. Phytotaxa 600 (3): 136-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.2

Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China. Phytotaxa 599 (5): 291-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.3

Delphinium bhutanicum Munz (1967: 507). Figs. 1–5, 7. Type:— BHUTAN. Trashi Yangtse, Me La, alt. 13000 ft, among scrub jungle, 25 August 1934, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 887 (holotype BM000570580!, isotype E00168757!). Fig. 1. = Delphinium conaense Wang in Wang & Li (1987: 34), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Cona, southern slope of Bo Shan, alt. 3400–3500 m, moist places in forest, 10 September 1975, Qinghai-Xizang Supplement. Exped. 75–1959 (holotype PE00026974!, isotype KUN 1203909!). Fig. 3. Description:—Perennial herbs. Rootstock often slightly thickened. Stems erect, slender, ca. 0.5−1 m high, distally laxly branched, more or less retrorsely strigulose throughout, scattered leafy. Lower leaves withered by anthesis; upper leaves 4−10 cm broad, divided almost to base into cuneate-rhombic segments, adaxially finely strigulose, abaxially more or less pubescent especially along the veins; segments 3-lobed about halfway, then lobulate into linear-lanceolate to lanceolate lobules 5−15 mm long, 2−5 mm broad; petioles 10−20 cm long, slightly dilated at base; uppermost leaves much reduced and bractlike. Inflorescence lax, 2- to few-flowered, subcorymbose, strigulose; upper bracts lanceolate, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels 2−5 cm long, suberect, strigulose; bracteoles broadly linear, 4−6 mm long, slightly below the flower. Flowers blue; sepals strigulose abaxially, the upper sepal broadly obovate, 1.5−1.6 cm long, 1.1−1.2 cm broad, subtruncate at apex, spur 1.5−1.6 cm long, ca. 3 mm broad at base, spreading-decurved, lateral sepals oblongobovate, ca. 1.6 cm long, ca. 8 mm broad, rounded at apex, lower sepals slightly shorter and wider; petals blue, lamina somewhat oblique, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 3 mm broad, glabrous, entire at the somewhat rounded tip, spur ca. 1.5 cm long; staminodes obovate, 8−9 mm long, 5−7 mm broad, bifid ca. 3 mm into 2 rounded-oblong lobes, white-bearded, the claw ca. 5 mm long; stamens 5−6 mm long, glabrous; carpels 3, densely pubescent. Follicles densely pubescent. Distribution and habitat:— Delphinium bhutanicum is distributed in Bhutan and China (southern Xizang) (Fig. 6). It grows on alpine grassy slopes, in scrubs or in forests at altitudes of 3400–4000 m above sea level. Phenology:—Flowering from August to September; fruiting from September to October. Additional specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Bumthang, R.E. Cooper 2239 (E), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 19686 (BM); Trashi Yangtse, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 1016 (BM). CHINA. Xizang: Cona, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 873 (BM), L. Wang et al. WL3146 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. WL3168 (IBSC); Lhunzê, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 2495 (BM000926556, BM000926557); Mêdog, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 2671 (BM000926561). Notes:— Munz (1967) described Delphinium bhutanicum on the basis of five collections. These include R.E. Cooper 2239 (E; Fig. 2A), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 887 (BM, E; Fig. 1), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 1016 (BM; Fig. 2B) and F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 19686 (BM; Fig. 2C), all from Bhutan, and F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 873 (BM; Fig. 2D) from Cona in southern Xizang, China, with the BM sheet of the second collection designated as holotype (Fig. 1A). Grierson (1984) recognized this species, recording its occurrence only in northern Bhutan. Although one of the paratypes, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 873 (Fig. 2D), was collected from Cona county in southern Xizang, China (Fletcher 1975), the occurrence of this species in China has been previously totally overlooked. It was not recorded in any of the accounts of Delphinium in the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae vol. 27 (Wang 1979), Flora Xizangica (Wang 1985), and Flora of China (Wang & Warnock 2001). Wang in Wang & Li (1987) described Delphinium conaense on the basis of a single specimen, Qinghai-Xizang Supplem. Exped. 75-1959 (PE; Fig. 3A), also from Cona county in southern Xizang, China. In the protologue, the author stated that it was probably related to D. sparsiflorum Maximowicz (1877: 307), but readily differed by having stems shorter, ca. 60 cm tall, densely white appressed puberulous (vs. taller, glabrous), inflorescence simple, short, densely white appressed puberulous (vs. compound racemose, glabrous), sepaline spur longer, 1.5 cm long (vs. shorter, 6–11 mm long), and pubescent (vs. glabrous) carpels. Our survey of Delphinium specimens at KUN resulted in discovery of an isotype of D. conaense (KUN; Fig. 3B), which has more flowers arranged in a subcorymbose inflorescence. Wang & Warnock (2001) and Wang (2020) recognized D. conaense as an independent species. A critical comparison of the type and non-type specimens, together with our critical observations on living plants in two populations in Cona (Figs. 4, 5), indicates that Delphinium conaense is indeed remarkably distinct from D. sparsiflorum, a species characterized by having glabrous stems, petioles, inflorescence axis, pedicels and carpels and also by having very small flowers with a short sepaline spur and distributed in eastern Qinghai, central and southern Gansu and southern Ningxia, China (Wang 1979, 2020; Yuan & Yang 2016). In fact, the only point of superficial similarity between D. conaense and D. sparsiflorum lies in their 3-sect leaves. However, D. conaense is not essentially different from D. bhutanicum in any characters. The stems are rather slender, scattered leafy (Figs. 4A, 5), retrorsely white puberulent (Figs. 4B, 5); the leaves are 3-sect (Figs. 4C, 5); the inflorescence is 2- to few-flowered, subcorymbose (Figs. 4D, E, 5); the inflorescence axis and pedicels are appressed white puberulent (Figs. 4F, G, 5); the bracteoles are broadly linear, slightly below the flower (Figs. 4 I, J, 5); the carpels are pubescent (Figs. 4J, 5A). We therefore place D. conaense in synonymy with D. bhutanicum and report D. bhutanicum as a newly recorded species for China herein. In addition to the collection from Cona, our survey of specimens at BM resulted in discovery of another two collections of D. bhutanicum from southern Xizang, one from Lhunzê county and the other from Mêdog county (Figs. 6, 7). Munz (1968) referred Delphinium bhutanicum to his informal group VI of the Asian species of Delphinium, placing it in the neighborhood of D. caeruleum Jacquemont ex Cambessedes in Jacquemont (1844: 7), a species widely distributed and very common in the Sino-Himalayan region (Wang 1979, Wang & Warnock 2001, Yonekura 2008, Wang 2020). Morphologically D. bhutanicum is similar to D. caeruleum in having appressed puberulent stems, inflorescence axis and pedicels and usually a subcorymbose inflorescence, but differ immediately by the usual absence (vs. presence) of basal leaves and by having finely (vs. grossly) laciniate leaves and 3 (vs. 5) follicles per flower. From a morphological perspective it seems that these two species are only distantly related to each other and their relationship needs a further study. In his recently published treatise on Chinese Delphinium, Wang (2020) cited a collection from Cona, PE Xizang Exped. 6212 (PE; Fig. 8A, B), under D. conaense, and he identified another collection from Cona, FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-0849 (PE; Fig. 8C, D), as D. conaense on the determination slip in 2013, but he did not cite it in this treatise. From their habit, leaf division and shape, inflorescence shape, and position of bracteoles, these two collections certainly do not belong to D. bhutanicum and may represent a hitherto undescribed species. We will describe this new species elsewhere. In addition, judging from the long, 20-flowered raceme and the leaf shape, the color photograph referred to D. conaense by Wang (2016) should belong to D. gyalanum Marquand &Airy-Shaw in Marquand (1929: 156), a species fairly common in Xizang.Although Wang (2016) stated that D. conaense was endemic to Cona in southern Xizang, this photograph was not taken in Cona, but in Lhunzê in southern Xizang by Dr. You-sheng Chen. Two voucher specimens of this photograph, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-0872 (PE02000415, https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=e8244242; PE02000417, https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=e82441b9), are kept at PE. Both specimens indeed belong to D. gyalanum., Published as part of Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China, pp. 291-300 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 292-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8043036, {"references":["Munz, P. A. (1967) A synopsis of the Asian species of Delphinium, sensu stricto. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 48: 476 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 185730","Wang, W. T. & Li, L. Q. (1987) Notulae de la Ranunculaceis sinensibus (X). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 25: 24 - 38.","Grierson, A. J. C. (1984) Delphinium L. In: Grierson, A. J. C. & Long, D. G. (Eds.) Flora of Bhutan, vol. 1, part 2. Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburgh, pp. 309 - 314.","Fletcher, H. R. (1975) A Quest of Flowers: The Plant Explorations of Frank Ludlow and George Sherriff Told from their Diaries and Other Occasional Writings. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 387 pp.","Wang, W. T. (1979) Delphinium L. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 326 - 462.","Wang, W. T. (1985) Delphinium L. In: Wu, C. Y. (Ed.) Flora of Xizangica, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 39 - 59.","Wang, W. T. & Warnock, M. J. (2001) Delphinium Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 6. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 223 - 274.","Maximowicz, C. J. (1877) Diagnoses plantarum novarum asiaticarum. Bulletin de l'Academe Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg 23: 305 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46308","Wang, W. T. (2020) A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (II). Guihaia 40 (Suppl.): 1 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.3847 / 1538 - 4365 / aba 190","Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q. E. (2016) Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XIII): The identity of D. angustipaniculatum. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 24: 703 - 712.","Jacquemont, V. V. (1844) Voyage dans l'Inde, vol. 4. Firmin Didot FreIres, Paris, pp. 1 - 56.","Yonekura, K. (2008) Ranunculaceae. In: Ohba, H., Iokawa, Y. & Sharma, L. R. (Eds.) Flora of Mustang, Nepal. Kodansha Scientific Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 61 - 94.","Wang, W. T. (2016) Ranunculaceae. In: Wang, W. T. & Liu, B. (Eds.) Higher Plants of China in Colour, vol. 3. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 332 - 451.","Marquand, C. V. B. (1929) The botanical collection made by Captain F. Kingdon Ward in the eastern Himalaya and Tibet in 1924 - 1925. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 48: 149 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1929. tb 00587. x"]}

Zijun Wu,1,2,&ast; Qin Yang,3,&ast; Kai Xu,2 Juanjuan Wu,2 Bin Yang1,2 1The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Yang, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nos.1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18062601971, Email sszxkyb1@163.comBackground: IL-27 involves psoriasis pathogenesis potentially by promoting excessive keratinocyte proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the key genes and molecular mechanisms of IL-27-induced keratinocyte proliferation.Methods: Primary keratinocytes and immortalized human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were treated with different concentrations of IL-27 for 24 h and 48 h respectively. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and Western blot was used to detect the expression of CyclinE and CyclinB1. Primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells were treated with IL-27, and their differentially expressed (DE) genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. Then Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed to predict related pathways, and the long non-coding RNA-microRNA-messenger RNA network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed to screen key genes. Biochemical experiments were performed to assess the content of glucose (Glu), lactic acid (LA), and ATP. Flow cytometry and Mito-Tracker Green staining were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential and the number of mitochondria respectively. Western blot was performed to assess the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1) (s637) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2).Results: IL-27 concentration-dependently increased keratinocyte viability and the expression of CyclinE and CyclinB1. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the enriched pathways of DE genes were closely associated with cellular metabolism. miR-7-5p, EGFR, PRKCB, PLCB1 and CALM3 were key genes. IL-27 increased the content of LA, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression of GLUT1, HK2, LDHA, PGK1, p-DRP1 (s637), and MFN2, accompanied by decreased contents of Glu and ATP (P< 0.001).Conclusion: IL-27 potentially promotes keratinocyte proliferation by enhancing glycolysis, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial fusion. The findings of this study may be conducive to revealing the role of IL-27 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Keywords: psoriasis, RNA-seq, glycolysis, mitochondria

Based on critical observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae), described from Cona county in southern Xizang (Tibet), China, is conspecific with T. reniforme, an elegant Himalayan species widely distributed in Bhutan, China (southern Xizang), northeastern India (Sikkim), and Nepal. We therefore reduce T. cuonaense to the synonymy of T. reniforme herein. Lectotypification is proposed for T. reniforme. Taxonomic notes are provided for another two distinctive Himalayan species, T. chelidonii and T. neurocarpum, to clarify their identification confusion with T. reniforme. The identity of T. tamurae, described from central-western Myanmar, is also discussed.

Commercial supercapacitors using available carbon products have long been criticized for the under-utilization of their prominent specific surface area (SSA). In terms of carbonaceous electrode optimization, excessive improvement in SSA observed in the gaseous atmosphere might have little effect on the final performance because cracked/inaccessible pore alleys considerably block the direct electrolyte ion transport in a practical electrochemical environment. Herein, mesopore-adjustable hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets are fabricated based on a micelle-size-mediated spatial confinement strategy. In this strategy, hydrophobic trimethylbenzene in different volumes of the solvent can mediate the interfacial assembly with a carbon precursor and porogen segment through π-π bonding and van der Waals interaction to yield micelles with good dispersity and the diameter varying from 119 to 30 nm. With an increasing solvent volume, the corresponding diffusion coefficient (3.1-14.3 m

It's common practice to speed up machine learning (ML) training by distributing it across a cluster of computing nodes. Data-parallel distributed ML (DML) training relieves the pressure of computing node; however, the communication traffic introduced during parameter synchronization becomes bottleneck of DML training. Regarding communication bottleneck, we identify two primary causes: high contention of concurrent communication and large volume of redundant transmission in the push and pull stage while synchronizing parameters. To address these issues, we propose a novel Group Stale Synchronous Parallel (GSSP) scheme, which divides the nodes into groups and coordinates groups to synchronize in a circular order. GSSP mitigates network contention and is proven to converge. We provide analysis of the optimal group's number based on bandwidth and buffer size. For reducing traffic redundancy, we propose a multicast-based scheme, which generates multicast trees by minimizing links overlap and allocates transmission rate to multicast flows by solving the min-max optimization problem. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of our proposals. We simulate parameter transmission of All-Reduce and parameter server in Fat-Tree with traffics trace of ML models. Simulation results show that our proposals provide communication-efficiency for DML training by mitigating contention and reducing redundancy.

The controlled isomerization and functionalization of alkenes is a cornerstone achievement in organometallic catalysis that is now widely used industrially to produce detergents, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals. In particular, the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H(2)) to an alkene, also known as the oxo-process, is used in a constantly expanding industry that produces linear aldehydes from crude alkene feedstocks. In these catalytic reactions, isomerization is governed by thermodynamics, giving rise to functionalization at the most stable alkylmetal species. Despite the ubiquitous industrial applications of tandem alkene isomerization/functionalization reactions, selective functionalization at internal positions has remained largely unexplored. Here we report that the simple W(0) precatalyst, W(CO)(6), catalyzes the isomerization of alkenes to unactivated internal positions and subsequent hydrocarbonylation with CO. The 6- to 7-coordinate geometry changes that are characteristic of the W(0)/W(II) redox cycle and the conformationally flexible directing group are key factors in allowing isomerization to take place over multiple positions and stop at a defined unactivated internal site that is primed for in situ functionalization.

Understanding gene regulatory networks is essential to elucidate developmental processes and environmental responses. Here, we studied regulation of a maize (Zea mays) transcription factor gene using designer Transcription Activator-Like effectors (dTALes), which are synthetic type III TALes of the bacterial genus Xanthomonas and serve as inducers of disease susceptibility gene transcription in host cells. The maize pathogen Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum was used to introduce two independent dTALes into maize cells to induced expression of the gene glossy3 (gl3), which encodes a MYB transcription factor involved in biosynthesis of cuticular wax. RNA-seq analysis of leaf samples identified, in addition to gl3, 146 genes altered in expression by the two dTALes. Nine of the ten genes known to be involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis were up-regulated by at least one of the two dTALes. A gene previously unknown to be associated with gl3, Zm00001d017418, which encodes aldehyde dehydrogenase, was also expressed in a dTALe-dependent manner. A chemically induced mutant and a CRISPR-Cas9 mutant of Zm00001d017418 both exhibited glossy leaf phenotypes, indicating that Zm00001d017418 is involved in biosynthesis of cuticular waxes. Bacterial protein delivery of dTALes proved to be a straightforward and practical approach for the analysis and discovery of pathway-specific genes in maize.

Strand displacement reaction is a crucial component in the assembly of diverse DNA-based nanodevices, with the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction representing the prevailing strategy. However, the single-stranded Watson-Crick sticky region that serves as the trigger for strand displacement can also cause leakage reactions by introducing crosstalk in complex DNA circuits. Here, we proposed the toeless and reversible DNA strand displacement reaction based on the Hoogsteen-bond triplex, which is compatible with most of the existing DNA circuits. We demonstrated that our proposed reaction can occur at pH 5 and can be reversed at pH 9. We also observed an approximately linear relationship between the degree of reaction and pH within the range of pH 5–6, providing the potential for precise regulation of the reaction. Meanwhile, by altering the sequence orientation, we have demonstrated that our proposed reaction can be initiated or regulated through the same toeless mechanism without the requirement for protonation in low pH conditions. Based on the proposed reaction principle, we further constructed a variety of DNA nanodevices, including two types of DNA logic gates that rely on pH = 5/pH = 9 changes for initiating and reversing: the AND gate and the OR gate. We also successfully constructed a DNA Walker based on our proposed reaction modes, which can move along a given track after the introduction of a programmable DNA sequence and complete a cycle after 4 steps. Our findings suggest that this innovative approach will have broad utility in the development of DNA circuits, molecular sensors, and other complex biological systems.

Triplet excitons are ubiquitous in organic chromophores and possess intrinsically longer lifetimes than their singlet exciton counterparts, and thus potentially larger diffusion lengths that have been considered beneficial for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, existing triplet-generating materials rarely possess low bandgap, high triplet energy and yield, and good crystallinity and charge mobility within a single compound. In this account, I first describe the rationales behind our “roller-wheel” type molecular structural designs through a brief literature survey and our initial attempt in Pt-containing conjugated polymers. Then, a series of novel Pt-bisacetylide containing small molecules will be discussed. I mainly focus on the thought process on selecting the building blocks and detail their synthetic strategies, as well as their solid-state structures, especially that of the single crystals, confirming the effectiveness of our structural designs. Next, photophysical properties of these compounds are discussed in the context of optical spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy, which is corroborated by theoretical calculations. Organic solar cells employing these compounds are introduced next, one of which displayed record-setting performance among Pt-containing materials. I end this account with an outlook on future works with a focus on molecular engineering to control triplet excited state energetics and dynamics.

The paper aims to discover the frequent and specific errors of Chinese-speaking learners of Spanish as a foreign language when using discourse markers in written texts. For this purpose, the methodological foundations of the corpus analysis of learners developed by Ramos (2016) are considered, as well as Corder's (1971) error analysis. The results quantify the errors and present a classification of these, while offering a beginning explanation of the mechanisms that lead to their production. In this way, the results can be useful for anticipating the difficulties encountered by learners, as well as for designing a didactic implementation and producing material adapted to them., El objetivo del trabajo es descubrir los errores frecuentes y específicos de los aprendientes sinohablantes de español como lengua extranjera cuando usan conectores discursivos en los textos escritos. Para ello, se consideran los fundamentos metodológicos del análisis de corpus de aprendices desarrollado por Ramos (2016), así como el análisis de errores de Corder (1971). Los resultados cuantifican los errores y presentan una clasificación de estos, a la vez que ofrecen un principio de explicación de los mecanismos que propician su producción. De esta manera, los resultados pueden ser de utilidad para anticipar las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes; asimismo, permitiría diseñar una implantación didáctica y producir un material adaptado a ellos., O objectivo do artigo é descobrir os erros frequentes e específicos dos aprendizes sino-espanholes de espanhol como língua estrangeira quando utilizam conectores discursivos em textos escritos. Para este efeito, são considerados os fundamentos metodológicos da análise do corpus de aprendentes desenvolvida por Ramos (2016), bem como a análise de erros de Corder (1971). Os resultados quantificam os erros e apresentam uma classificação destes, assim como oferecem um início de explicação dos mecanismos que conduzem à sua produção. Desta forma, os resultados podem ser úteis para antecipar as dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos, bem como para conceber uma implementação didáctica e produzir material adaptado aos mesmos.

We herein report a transition-metal-free cross-coupling reaction of acetals and Grignard reagents. The method provides a modular preparation of diarylmethyl alkyl ethers, triarylmethanes, and 1,1-diarylalkanes that constitute the core structures of many bioactive molecules and synthetic motifs. A series of readily accessible acetals bearing aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl substituents efficiently coupled with commercially available aryl, alkyl, and allylic magnesium bromides to give the products in high yields. In addition to acyclic and cyclic acetals, ketal and orthoester also serve as viable substrates to afford sterically hindered tertiary ether and ketal respectively. A sequential difunctionalization of acetals led to the rapid synthesis of triarylmethanes and diarylalkanes.

In this study, the characteristics of indica rice kernels (IRK) and flour (IRF) annealed in different conditions were evaluated, and the quality of rice noodles made with these IRK and IRF was determined. Native IRK and IRF were annealed in deionized water at a kernel or flour to water ratio of 1:3 (w/v) and temperatures of 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C for 12 and 24 h. Annealing increased the paste viscosity of IRK while decreasing that of IRF. Both annealed IRK and IRF exhibited increases in the gelatinization enthalpy change and relative crystallinity. Annealed IRK gel showed higher hardness, and annealed IRF gel displayed greater springiness. Unlike native rice noodles, annealed IRK noodles exhibited denser pores, while annealed IRF noodles exhibited a looser microstructure. With increasing annealing temperature and time, both annealed IRK and IRF noodles showed enhanced tensile properties. Rice noodles made from IRF annealed at 65 °C for 12 h exhibited a fracture strain of 2.7 times that of native rice noodles. In brief, IRK and IRF exhibited different degrees of susceptibility to annealing. Annealing had more significant effects on IRF than IRK. This study highlights the possibility of using annealed IRK and IRF in rice noodles.

Ranunculus trigonus Handel-Mazzetti (1931: 304). Figs.1, 3–19, 21–23. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Ninglang, Yongning (= Yungning) town, alt. ca. 2725 m, 22 July 1914, H. Handel-Mazzetti 3141 (holotype WU0039284!). Fig. 4. = Ranunculus yanshanensis Wang (1996: 161), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Yanshan, Panlong town, alt. 1200 m, in moist places by river, 24 October 1939, C.W. Wang 84625 (holotype KUN1262283!; isotypes KUN365880!, PE00466455!). Fig. 1. = Ranunculus tengchongensis Wang (2008: 519), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Tengchong, Daju, Beihai, alt. 1730 m, 29 May 2006, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 29700 (holotype CAS474694!; isotype KUN1409969!). Fig. 3. Description:—Perennial herbs, sometimes with stolons. Roots fibrous, cylindric. Stems 4.5–48 cm tall, prostrate or ascending, subglabrous, sparsely spreading hirsute, subappressed hirsute, or densely spreading hirsute, usually branched. Basal leaves 3–6; blade simple or ternate, 2–5.7 cm long, 2–7 cm broad, subglabrous or subappressed hirsute on both sides; blades 3-partite or 3-sect, with central lobe or leaflet rhombic-cuneate or rhombic-obovate, 3-partite or 3- lobed, incised-dentate and lateral lobes or leaflets obliquely rhombic or obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-cleft; petioles 2–28 cm long, subglabrous, sparsely spreading hirsute, subappressed hirsute, or densely spreading hirsute. Lower stem leaves similar to basal ones; upper stem leaves 3-sect. Inflorescence monochasial or compound monochasial, 2–10- flowered. Flowers 1–1.4 cm in diameter. Pedicels 2–5 cm long, sparsely or densely subappressed hirsute. Receptacle hirsute, inflated at fruiting stage. Sepals 5, ovate or broadly ovate, 4–5 mm long, 2–3 mm broad, abaxially sparsely or densely subappressed hirsute, reflexed at anthesis. Petals 5, rarely 3 or 7, oblong, 5–6 mm long, 2–2.5 mm broad, apex rounded, with inconspicuous claw at base and nectary covered by a scale. Stamens 15–25; filaments linear, 1.2–2 mm long; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm long. Gynoecium subglobose. Carpels numerous, obliquely ovate; ovaries ca. 1.3 mm long, with very short and slightly curved styles. Aggregate fruit subglobose or globose, 6–8 mm in diameter. Achenes flat, obliquely obovate, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm broad, glabrous, narrowly marginate, with short, acute beaks at apex. Phenology:—Flowering from March to June; fruiting from May to July. Distribution and habitat:— Ranunculus trigonus is distributed in northwestern Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, southeastern Xizang (Tibet), and Yunnan (Fig. 24). It grows by roadsides, riverbanks, or in farmlands at elevations of 1300–3300 m above sea level. Additional specimens examined (barcodes are cited when available):— CHINA. Guizhou: Weining, Anonymous 165 (HGAS 013365), Y.P. Zeng 58 (IBSC). Sichuan: Daocheng, Anonymous 768 (CDBI0025669), T.T. Yu 13236 (KUN0688325, PE00466458); Muli, F.Q. Lu 7750 (CDBI0025667; SZ00091769), T.T. Yu 7214 (PE00466418, PE00466419); Yanyuan, H.Handel-Mazzetti2229 (WU0039285), Yanyuan Exped.360 (SM704604258, SM704604310). Xizang: Zayü, Z.C. Ni et al. 529 (PE00466470). Yunnan: Binchuan, Anonymous 65-0600 (KUN00051668); Dali, G. Forrest 4374 (P00193607), H. Koyama et al. 846 (KUN0691513), C.W. Wang 63499 (KUN0688343, LBG00051663, NAS00185275, PE00466420, PE00466421), Q.E. Yang 9407 (PE02344185), Q.E. Yang 9428 (PE00466437), Z.J. Yin & H.J. Dong 535 (KUN1215331); Dayao, Y. Chen & B. Bai 61 (KUN0691624); Dêqên, Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 8344 (PE00048478); Eryuan: J.M. Delavay 1080 (P00193774), J.M. Delavay 2171 (P00193779), J.M. Delavay s.n. (P); Fengqing, C.W. Wang 71958 (PE00466450, PE00466453); Fuming, B.Y. Qiu 59220 (KUN365926); Guangnan, C.W. Wang 87228 (KUN377504, PE00466457), C.W. Wang & Y. Liu 87447 (KUN365882, PE00466454); Heqing, J.M. Delavay 1515 (P00193776, P00193777, P00203884), Q. Lin et al. 771826 (KUN0691531, KUN0691531); Jianchuan, Q.E. Yang 94132 (PE02344183); Jingdong, M.K. Li 3105 (KUN0687344), Y.P. Zeng 21 (IBSC), Y.P. Zeng 25 (IBSC); Kunming, Anonymous 50776 (PE00466447), W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 253 (IBSC), K.H. Liang 168 (KUN0687346), T.N. Liou 13553 (PE00466466), T.N. Liou 13747 (PE00466467), T.N. Liou 16940 (PE00466442), T.N. Liou 19470 (KUN378507, PE00466443), B.Y. Qiu 70124 (CDBI0025670, IBK00356836); Lijiang, D. Chamberlain et al. SBL 000000132 (E, K), R.C. Ching 20284 (KUN0688352, KUN0688353, PE00466433), H. Li et al. 611 (KUN0691536), Q. Lin et al. 771015 (KUN0691522, KUN0691522), S.H. Nie 71406 (PE01458722), C. Schneider 3387 (K), C.W. Wang 65016 (KUN0688341, PE00466426, PE 00466430), C.W. Wang 71462 (KUN0688340, LBG00051841, PE00466422, PE00466431), Q.E. Yang 94131 (PE00459650), Q.E. Yang 94154 (PE02344184), S.W. Yu 65061 (KUN365907, PE00466427, PE00466432), S.W. Yu & A.L. Zhang 100864 (KUN378522), Zhongdian Exped. 674 (KUN0688334, PE00466428, PE00466429); Longling, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 17637 (KUN1409911); Luquan, P.I. Mao 1338 (KUN365901, PE00466461); Lushui, W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 216 (IBSC); Mengzi, M. Tanant s.n. (P00193782); Ninglang, Y.P. Zeng & Y.F. Luo 500 (IBSC), T.J. Tong & Y. Hong 61 (IBSC); Precise locality unknown, J.M. Delavay 488 (P00186621), J.M. Delavay 2314 (P00186623), F. Ducloux 6179 (P00186624); Shangrila, Anonymous 78 (HITBC), Y.P. Zeng & Y.F. Luo 520 (IBSC), X.W. Tian et al. 466 (PE00500487, SZ00378189), Q.E. Yang & H.Z. Kong 98-241 (PE0234425, PE0234426), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan Yangqe 2028 (PE02032596), Q.S. Yang et al. ZhouZK-07ZX-0201 (KUN1232831), Zhongdian Exped. 63-2732 (KUN0688357); Shizong, Shizong Exped. 78 (IBK00356777); Shuangjiang, C.W. Wang 72986 (NAS00185278, PE00466451, PE00466452); Songming, B.Y. Qiu 51347 (KUN0688330), B.Y. Qiu 51649 (KUN51649, PE51649); Tengchong, W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 223 (IBSC), H. Li 11334 (E00208506, PE1409868), Y.Z. Zhou zhyz-205 (KUN1232845); Weixi, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6490 (KUN0691599, PE00466459, PE01108284, PE01108286); Wenshan, Y.M. Shui 2322 (PE00466434); Yangbi, R.C. Ching 22285 (KUN378513, PE00466424), H. Hara & K.Y. Guan 325 (KUN377401); Yanshan, W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 248 (IBSC), W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 252 (IBSC); Yimen, W.Q. Yin 39 (PE00466460); Yongsheng, NW Yunnan Jinsha River Exped. 6462 (KUN068326, PE00458477, PE00466423), Yongsheng Chin. Med. Resour. Exped. 5307220520 (IMDY0001862); Yunlong, Q.E. Yang 93050 (PE00466438); Zhenkang, T.T. Yu 16979 (KUN378514, PE00466445, PE00466446). Notes:—Morphologically Ranunculus trigonus is somewhat similar to R. chinensis in having hirsute stems, obliquely ovate carpels with very short and slightly curved styles, and flat, obliquely obovate, glabrous, narrowly marginate achenes with short, acute beaks. However, R. trigonus (Figs. 10–14, 18, 19, 21) is easily distinguishable from R. chinensis (Fig. 20) by having subglobose (vs. long ovoid) gynoecium, subglobose or globose (vs. long ovoid-cylindric) aggregate fruit, and ovoid (vs. long ovoid-cylindric) receptacle. Ranunculus trigonus var. strigosus Wang (1996: 164) was described on the basis of a single specimen, C.W. Wang 72869 (KUN1262286; Fig. 25A), from Gengma county in Yunnan province, China. In the protologue, Wang (1996) stated that this variety was distinguishable from the type variety, var. trigonus, by having densely strigose (vs. spreading pubescent) stems and petioles, larger flowers (ca. 1.5 cm vs. 0.6–1 cm in diameter), longer sepals (ca. 5 mm vs. ca. 6 mm), and larger petals (7–8 mm × 3–4 mm vs. 3.2–6 mm × 1.6–4 mm). Our survey of herbarium specimens resulted in the discovery of four duplicate sheets of the holotype of R. trigonus var. strigosus, three at PE (Fig. 25B–D) and one at LBG (not shown here). In 1975, L. Liou identified two of the PE sheets (Fig. 25B, C) as R. chinensis, and the remaining one at PE (Fig. 25D) as R. cantoniensis Candolle (1824: 43). However, the latter PE one (Fig. 25D) was identified as R. laetus Wallich ex Royle (1834: 53) in December 1955 and R. silerifolius Léveillé (1909: 257) in October 2004, by W.T. Wang, the author of R. trigonus var. strigosus. The LBG sheet has not as yet been identified. Based on critical observations on type specimens of R. trigonus var. strigosus, we suspect that this variety may be a hybrid, with R. chinensis and R. silerifolius as its parents, because its basal leaves is somewhat similar to those of R. chinensis in shape, and its carpels is somewhat similar to those of R. silerifolius in having long, recurved styles at apex. Further studies, particularly observations on living plants in the wild and molecular work, are needed to determine the relationships among R. chinensis, R. silerifolius, R. trigonus var. strigosus and R. trigonus var. trigonus., Published as part of Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus, pp. 7-36 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 24-35, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7889465, {"references":["Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1931) Ranunculaceae. In: Symbolae Sinicae, vol. 7. Julius Springer, Wien, pp. 265 - 321.","Wang, W. T. (1996) Notulae de Ranunculaceis Sinensibus (XIX). Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 2: 155 - 166.","Wang, W. T. (2008) New taxa of Ranunculaceae from Yunnan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 30: 519 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.3724 / SP. J. 1143.2008.00423","Candolle, A. P. (1824) Ranunculaceae. In: Prodromus Sysematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 1. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, pp. 2 - 66.","Royle, J. F. (1834) Ranunculaceae. In: Illustrations of the Botany and Other Branches of the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere, vol. 1. Wm. H. Allen & Co., London, pp. 51 - 57.","Leveille, H. (1909) LXVII. Decades plantarum novarum. XXIII. Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 7: 257 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19090071605"]}

Mercury(II) ion (Hg2+) is one of the most widespread pollutants that poses a serious threat to public health and the environment. Research efforts on selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ have therefore drawn considerable attention in recent years. Herein, we report a facile approach to detect Hg2+ based on quantum dot (QD)-based nanosensor. The two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) used in this work are modified with biotin (ssDNA–biotin) and fluorescence black hole quencher BHQ2 (ssDNA–BHQ2). These two strands are complementary but with TTT-recognized base sequences for the Hg2+ to form a T–Hg2+–T complex. The biotin-modified ssDNA (ssDNA–biotin) is first bound to the streptavidin-modified QDs, forming a QDs/ssDNA–biotin assembly, which may be further hybridized with the ssDNA–BHQ2, producing a complex of QDs/ssDNA–biotin/ssDNA–BHQ2. The BHQ2 serves as an effective quencher of QDs with the QDs and BHQ2 in a proximity within the QDs/ssDNA–biotin/ssDNA–BHQ2 complex. The decrease of fluorescence intensity therefore serves as an indication of the presence of Hg2+. The fluorescence reduction is observed linearly correlated with the concentration of Hg2+ in the range of 1.0–20.0 nmol/L, with a detection limit at 0.87 nmol/L. The presented QD-based method is expected to provide a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of Hg2+ in environmental water samples.

Chemical-induced dysregulation of DNA methylation during the fetal period is known to contribute to developmental disorders or increase the risk of certain diseases later in life. In this study, we developed an iGEM (iPS cell-based global epigenetic modulation) detection assay using human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells that express a fluorescently labeled methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD), which enables a high-throughput screening of epigenetic teratogens/mutagens. 135 chemicals with known cardiotoxicity and carcinogenicity were categorized according to the MBD signal intensity, which reflects the degree of nuclear spatial distribution/concentration of DNA methylation. Further biological characterization through machine-learning analysis that integrated genome-wide DNA methylation, gene expression profiling, and knowledge-based pathway analysis revealed that chemicals with hyperactive MBD signals strongly associated their effects on DNA methylation and expression of genes involved in cell cycle and development. These results demonstrated that our MBD-based integrated analytical system is a powerful framework for detecting epigenetic compounds and providing mechanism insights of pharmaceutical development for sustainable human health.

Blue oat mite species, including Penthaleus major and P. tectus, are pests widely distributed across China that cause damage to winter wheat. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of P. major and P. tectus on Triticum hosts collected from 23 geographic locations based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. We identified nine haplotypes in 438 P. major individuals from 21 geographic locations and five haplotypes in 139 P. tectus individuals from 11 geographic locations. Meanwhile, P. major exhibits high values of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) (Hd = 0.534 > 0.5 and Pi = 0.012 > 0.005), representing a large stable population with a long evolutionary history. P. tectus shows low values of Hd and Pi (Hd = 0.112 < 0.5 and Pi = 0 < 0.005), which suggest recent founder events. Moreover, demographic analysis suggested that P. major and P. tectus have not undergone a recent population expansion. The lowest genetic variation was observed in Xiangzhou (XZ-HB), Zaoyang (ZY-HB), Siyang (SY-JS), and Rongxian (RX-SC), with only one species and one haplotype identified in over 30 individuals. Robust genetic differentiation was found in P. major compared to P. tectus, which provides a theoretical basis for the widespread distribution of P. major in China.

In recent years, with the fine exploration of carbonate reservoirs in the Qixia Formation, central Sichuan Basin, researchers have made important oil and gas discoveries in the dolomite reservoirs. However, the characteristics, genesis and controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs in the Qixia Formation in this area are still unclear. In this paper, the petrology, pore structures, physical properties and geochemical characteristics of the dolomite reservoirs in the Permian Qixia Formation in the central Sichuan Basin have been systematically studied based on a large number of cores, thin sections, physical property and geochemical tests. Furthermore, the genesis and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs are clarified. The study shows that the dolomites have the characteristics of small single-layer thickness and multi-layer development, and they are usually interbeded with the limestones. The reservoir types are mainly fine crystal and fine medium crystal dolomite, and the reservoir spaces include intercrystalline pores and dissolution pores (or caves). Moreover, the reservoir physical properties are characterized by medium porosity and medium to high permeability. Quasi-syngenetic dolomitization is the main origin of dolomite in the target layer, and the dolomite was slightly modified by hydrothermal solution at the end of the Maokou Formation period. The development of dolomite reservoirs in the Qixia Formation in the study area is affected by palaeogeomorphology, sedimentation and diagenesis. The granular shoal facies developed in the high parts of the paleogeomorphology provides the material basis for the formation of dolomite reservoirs. The high frequency sequence interface controls the development of dolomite reservoirs in the highstand systems tract. In addition, the quasi-syngenetic dissolution promots the development of the early secondary pores and provids an effective channel for the migration of the diagenetic fluids in the later stage. In the direction of orthogonal horizontal deposition, the dolomites have the characteristics of thin monolayer thickness, multiple sequences and are interbedded with limestone. The dolomite shoals in the study area are distributed as clumps in the plane, which has great potential for hydrocarbon exploration.