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This article discusses the event-triggered consensus problem for a switched multi-agent system (MASs) with switching topologies. An observer-based dynamic event-triggered (DET) controller with a discontinuous nonlinear term is designed to reduce arduous communication. With the designed approach, the error system can reach a tracking consensus. Then, a continuous observer-based DET protocol is created using the boundary layer method to prevent chattering effects. Moreover, by employing the Riccati equation and the switched Lyapunov function method, some sufficient criteria are put forward to guarantee the tracking consensus of the systems. The suggested observer-based DET protocol can also exclude the Zeno behavior. Finally, two examples verify the validity of the analysis.

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging medical imaging modality based on the non-linear response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and imaging the concentration of the SPIONs. At present, MPI reconstruction mainly includes x-space and system matrix methods. The x-space method has an extremely fast reconstruction speed and the final reconstructed image can be seen as the result of convolution of particle distribution with point spread function (PSF), but it causes anisotropic resolution and artifacts due to the effect of anisotropic PSF. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach that combines the x-space and model-based system matrix methods to remove the PSF blur and reconstruct the isotropic resolution and artifact removal MPI images. We first build the system matrix in the time domain transformed by the ideal MPI scan model in the time domain. Then, we convert the x-space reconstruction process into a matrix operation, and subsequently combine several matrices into a system matrix (forward model). The input of this forward model is particle distribution and the output is the x-space reconstructed image, which is affected by the PSF blurring. The PSF blur removal is then converted to an inverse problem solving, which we implement using the Kaczmarz method to obtain isotropic resolution and artifact removal images. The results of simulation and phantom experiments demonstrate that our method could achieve the best isotropic resolution and image quality comparing with the standard x-space method and other PSF removal methods., International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)

Objective To explore the correlation between a body shape index (ABSI) and target organ injury in patients with hypertension. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to collect related clinical indicators of patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University from March 2020 to January 2021. ASBI quantile method was used to divide the patients into low ASBI group, medium ASBI group and high ASBI group. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between ASBI and target organ injury in patients with hypertension. Results A total of 685 patients with hypertensive meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, of which 445 had target organ damage; 229 cases were in the low ASBI group (ABSI≤0.076), 228 cases were in the medium ASBI group (0.076 < ABSI≤0.078), 228 cases were in the high ASBI group (ABSI > 0.078). The detection rate of left ventricular hypertrophy in the high ASBI group was higher than that in the low ASBI group(27.63% vs. 12.66%, P < 0.001). The detection rates of carotid atherosclerosis, and renal function impairment of the high ASBI group were higher than those of the medium ASBI group(39.04% vs. 26.32%, P=0.015;14.04% vs. 5.26%, P=0.007) and low ASBI group(39.04% vs. 25.76%, P=0.008;14.04% vs. 2.62%, P < 0.001). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ABSI was associated with increased left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.24-3.50, P < 0.001) and renal injury (OR=6.47, 95% CI: 2.53-16.54, P < 0.001) in hypertensive patients. Conclusion The increased ABSI is related to the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and renal damage in hypertensive patients.

Additional file 1. Search strategy.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Clinical characteristics of the enrolled patients for serum UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics.

Additional file 1. Supplementary materials and methods: The details of metagenomic bioinformatic analysis and 2bRAD-M bioinformatic analysis.

Additional file 3: Figure S1. Diversity differences in the gut microbiome. Figure S2. Comparison of gut microbiota between recovers without GI symptoms at 3 months of follow-up after COVID-19 and those with mild disease. Figure S3. Diversity differences in the oral microbiome. Figure S4. Comparison of oral microbiota between recovers without GI symptoms at 3 months of follow-up after COVID-19 and those with mild disease. Figure S5. Alteration of specific metabolites in patient serum.

Additional file 5: Table S3. Differential metabolites in serum between follow-up group and normal group.

Additional file 4: Table S2. Differential metabolites in serum between follow-up group and mild group.

BackgroundInsulin resistance is associated with atrial remodeling as well as atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there was limited evidence on the relationship of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index, a simple, valuable marker of insulin resistance, with AF. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between TyG index and AF among hospitalized patients.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in Daping Hospital, which included 356 hospitalized patients from the Department of Cardiology. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected from electronic medical records and AF was diagnosed from electrocardiogram (ECG) findings.ResultsWe found that the TyG index was significantly higher in the AF group than in the group without AF. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that hypertension (OR = 1.756, 95%CI 1.135-2.717, P = 0.011) and TyG index (OR = 2.092, 95%CI 1.412-3.100, PP = 0.001), the optimal critical value was 8.35, the sensitivity was 65.4%, and the specificity was 52.0%. Additional subgroup analyses of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were also performed and found the TyG index was increased in non-diabetic subjects with AF. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis showed TyG index was associated with AF (OR = 3.065, 95% CI, 1.819-5.166, PConclusionElevated TyG index is an independent risk factor for AF among non-diabetic hospitalized patients.

Attribute-based cryptography becomes one of the hot topics in cryptography, since it can provide fine-grained access control and good privacy. Σ-protocol is a 3-move public-coin honest verifier zero-knowledge proof protocol, and has important applications in many fields of cryptography. Firstly, combining the concept of attribute-based cryptography with the zero-knowledge proof, a notion of attribute-based Σ-protocol is introduced with its formal security model. Secondly, based on the standard Σ-protocol, the trapdoor samplable relation and the smooth secret sharing, a general construction of decentralized attribute-based Σ-protocol and corresponding scheme are proposed with the proofs of its securities. Finally, as the applications of decentralized attribute-based Σ-protocol, general constructions of decentralized attribute-based signature and decentralized attribute-based two-tier signature are presented by Fiat-Shamir transformation, respectively. Some concrete schemes are also presented. Performance analysis shows that the proposed attribute-based two-tier signature scheme has obvious advantages in both sizes and computation costs compared with existing schemes.

Objective To observe the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin as the first-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 50 cases of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed pathologically. Among them, 24 cases were treated with the combination of anlotinib and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (experimental group), and 26 cases were treated with paclitaxel plus cisplatin regimen (control group). The efficacy and adverse reactions were observed and followed up. Results The objective response rates of the experimental and control groups were 83.33% and 53.84% (P < 0.05), the disease control rates were 100% and 96.15% (P > 0.05), mPFS were 10.6 and 9.13 months (P < 0.05), and mOS were 13.4 and 11.8 months (P < 0.05). The common adverse events in the experimental group were hand-foot syndrome (12.5%), hypertension (12.5%), epistaxis (8.33%) and proteinuria (4.16%), all of which were grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and controllable without affecting the continuity of chemotherapy. Conclusion The combination of anlotinib, paclitaxel and cisplatin as the first-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can improve the curative effect and the adverse effects are endurable.

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the role of systemic therapeutic hypothermia remains controversial. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of systemic therapeutic hypothermia in patients with AMI receiving PCI.

Acute pancreatitis is a common critical and acute gastrointestinal disease worldwide, with an increasing percentage of morbidity. However, the gene expression pattern in peripheral blood has not been fully analyzed. In addition, the mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced acute pancreatitis has not been investigated. Here, after bioinformatic analysis with machine-learning methods of the expression data of peripheral blood cells and validation in local patients, two functional gene modules in peripheral blood cells of acute pancreatitis were identified, and S100A6, S100A9, and S100A12 were validated as predictors of severe pancreatitis. Additionally, through a combination analysis of bulk sequencing and single-cell sequencing data of COVID-19 patients, a pivotal subtype of neutrophils with strong activation of the interferon-related pathway was identified as a pivotal peripheral blood cell subtype for COVID-19-induced acute pancreatitis. These results could facilitate the prognostic prediction of acute pancreatitis and research on COVID-19-induced acute pancreatitis.

It is evident that Western traditions have influenced people's behavior in the East. Historically, Western systems have been viewed as modern, and developing countries such as Thailand have had a strategy of adopting and adapting numerous Western methods in order to modernize the country. This is still going on today. It can be argued that through globalization, powerful countries, particularly those in the West, impose their cultures, whether original or transcultural, that are created in the West on the rest of the world; and refusing this global imposition appears to be an act of separating oneself from the rest of the world.

A novel synchronous adaptive framework for multi-band image fusion is proposed, based on integrated model- and data-driven (MDDR) techniques. This approach includes a deep stack convolutional neural network (DSCNN) for multi-band images, established by redefining convolutional kernels in the first layer using Gaussian and Gaussian-Laplace filters. The structure of the convolutional neural network (CNN) was improved by removing a sample CNN layer to reduce information loss, prior to decomposing and reconstructing input images in an adaptive framework. A deep gate convolution neural network (DGCNN) was then established using a gate structure principle common in long short-term memory (LSTM) techniques. As a result, the network can adaptively fuse high- and low-frequency components, similar to conventional image fusion rules in model-driven algorithms. Finally, a synchronous adaptive multi-band image fusion neural network (SAMIFNN) was constructed by embedding the DGCNN into decompose- and reconstruct-subnets in the DSCNN. Data from ImageNet IL SVRC2013 and TNO image fusion datasets were used for training (80%) and testing (20%). SAMIFNN was then compared with seven state-of-the-art methods applied to eight groups of representative images, the TRICLOBS dynamic multiband image dataset, and a series of medical CT, MR, and PET scans. The proposed network required significantly lower runtimes than conventional algorithms, producing satisfactory results across 21 different evaluation metrics (compared with a maximum of 15 achieved by conventional techniques). These experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can successfully implement synchronous adaptive multi-band image fusion with higher contrast, better visual perception, and less distortion, without requiring a priori knowledge or manual intervention.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-car-10.1177_19476035221137722 for Expression of m6A Methylation Regulator in Osteoarthritis and Its Prognostic Markers by Di Zhang, DanDan Zhang, XiaoLi Yang, Qiang Li, RongQiang Zhang and YongMin Xiong in CARTILAGE

Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the technique of deep brain stimulation (DBS) plays a potential role in the regulation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet it still desires for ongoing studies including clinical trials, theoretical approach and action mechanism. In this work, we develop a modified thalamo-cortico-thalamic (TCT) model associated with AD to explore the therapeutic effects of DBS on AD from the perspective of neurocomputation. First, the neuropathological state of AD resulting from synapse loss is mimicked by decreasing the synaptic connectivity strength from the Inter-Neurons (IN) neuron population to the Thalamic Relay Cells (TRC) neuron population. Under such AD condition, a specific deep brain stimulation voltage is then implanted into the neural nucleus of TRC in this TCT model. The symptom of AD is found significantly relieved by means of power spectrum analysis and nonlinear dynamical analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of DBS on AD are systematically examined in different parameter space of DBS. The results demonstrate that the controlling effect of DBS on AD can be efficient by appropriately tuning the key parameters of DBS including amplitude A, period P and duration D. This work highlights the critical role of thalamus stimulation for brain disease, and provides a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical studies in treating AD.

Major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity briefly after the acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, knowledge concerning long-term kinetics of antibody responses in convalescent patients is limited. During a one-year period post symptom onset, we longitudinally collected 162 samples from 76 patients and quantified IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing the nucleocapsid (N) protein or the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S). After one year, approximately 90% of recovered patients still had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies recognizing N and RBD-S. Intriguingly, neutralizing activity was only detectable in ~43% of patients. When neutralization tests against the E484K-mutated variant of concern (VOC) B.1.351 (initially identified in South Africa) were performed among patients who neutralize the original virus, the capacity to neutralize was even further diminished to 22.6% of donors. Despite declining N- and S-specific IgG titers, a considerable fraction of recovered patients had detectable neutralizing activity one year after infection. However, neutralizing capacities, in particular against an E484K-mutated VOC were only detectable in a minority of patients one year after symptomatic COVID-19. Our findings shed light on the kinetics of long-term immune responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and argue for vaccinations of individuals who experienced a natural infection to protect against emerging VOC.

In this study, high-throughput Illumina sequencing was employed to assemble the complete mitochondrial genome of the Meiren yak (Bos grunniens), a local yak breed from Gansu Province, China. The mitochondrial genome is 16,321 bp long with an A + T-biased nucleotide composition and harbors 13 protein-coding, 22 Trna, and 2 rRNA genes, and a noncoding control region. The mitogenomic organization and codon usage are highly similar to those of previously published congeneric mitochondrial genomes. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis indicates that Meiren yak is most closely related to nine other yak breeds (incl. Datong, Huanhu, Pali, Pamir, Polled, Qilian, Seron, Sunan, and Tianjun yaks).

The soft-shell turtles Apalone spinifera (AS) and Apalone ferox (AF) are two important economic species. AF is found in the Yellow River of China, and is a confirmed member of the Trionychidae family. However, the classification of AS was in dispute. Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been widely used for species identification, as well as population and phylogenetic analysis. In order to understand the phylogenetic and mitogenomic features of AS and AF, the complete mitogenomes were sequenced, annotated and analyzed in this study. The complete mitogenomes of AS and AF are 16,817 bp and 16,756 bp in length, respectively. Both mitogenomes contain 37 genes, seven short intergenic spacers and two long intergenic spacers. Comparative analysis showed that there are 1,137 variation sites (6.79%) between the two mitogenomes. AS and AF mitogenomes both show a usage preference in terms of nucleotides, codons and amino acids. In addition, the non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate indicates that all protein-coding genes (PCGs) have undergone a strong purifying selection. Phylogenetic trees constructed by 13 PCGs show a clear phylogenetic relationship of the soft-shell turtles and suggest that AS is a sister species to AF of the genus Apalone. The data could be useful for further research of species identification, population analysis and the mitogenomic features of soft-shell turtles.

Healthcare professionals responsible for patients with gastrointestinal diseases need a particular level of nursing knowledge and abilities to ensure excellent care. This study aims to propose a set of core competencies for the gastroenterology nursing specialists (GNS) in China. This research integrates quantitative and qualitative research methods. Literature review, semistructured interview, and the Delphi approach were used to develop the core competency items of GNS in China. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Finally, 28 of 30 experts participated in the study resulting in a consensual list containing 7 domains (clinical nursing practice, communication and collaboration, education and counseling, critical thinking, leadership, ethical and legal practice, and professional development), 23 aspects, and 66 competencies required for GNS. The authority coefficient (Cr) of the consensus was 0.77, and the Kendall (W) value of each level of competencies all scored above 0.5. Results of the study can serve as a foundation of work performance evaluation for GNS as well as promote nurses' professional development.

Presentation 20925

The recently emerged pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly, leading to a global pandemic. In this study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with clinically significant lower level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), which can be used as indicators of disease severity and poor prognosis. Importantly, we found the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2-S) bound to HDL. Antagonists of HDL receptor-Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1), strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, the lipids transfer function of SR-B1 was indispensable for this inhibition, offering explanations for the reduced serum HDL level observed in COVID-19 patients. Basing on findings here, we speculate that SR-B1-mediated pulmonary HDL-vitamin E uptake could participate in mediating SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells, and the unique expression profile of SR-B1 may also affect SARS-CoV-2 cell and tissue tropism. These findings might help to provide further insights into viral transmission, pathological characteristics and reveal therapeutic targets.

Introduction: Seborrheic alopecia (SA) has clinical manifestations, duration of disease, and priorities. In the current situation where there are many and complicated clinical treatments, Western medicine treatment can delay and control the development of the disease and promote hair regeneration. However, some patients may aggravate symptoms after taking the drug, and the condition is easy to repeat after stopping the drug. Acupuncture is an important method for non-surgical treatment of SA, and it has various methods, low side effects, high safety, and simple and economical. Therefore, we will use a clinical randomized controlled study to explore the effect of acupuncture on SA, and provide a new idea and reference for the treatment of this disease. Methods/design: We will select 60 patients diagnosed with SA. They will be randomly divided into intervention group and control groups. The control group will be given conventional treatment measures. The intervention group will receive acupuncture. Efficacy will be evaluated by comparing the skin lesion score and dermatological quality of life index before and after treatment. Discussion: This trial may provide evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for patients with SA. Trial registration number: CTR2000030430

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform distinct functions in various biological processes in mammals, including sex differentiation. However, the roles of lncRNAs in other vertebrates, especially in the Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), remain to be clarified. In this study, we performed genome-wide analysis of the lncRNA expression profiles in gonad tissues and screened numerous sex-specific lncRNAs in the Chinese soft-shell turtle. Of the 363,310,650 clean reads obtained, 5,994 sequences were typed as lncRNAs, of which 4,463 were novel. A selection of sex-specific lncRNAs (♀ 932, ♂ 449) from female ovaries and male testis were shown to act on target genes in cis and in trans, and most were involved in gonad differentiation based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Furthermore, interactions among the differentially expressed lncRNA-mRNAs and protein coding genes were identified by construction of correlation networks. Overall, our systematic analysis of lncRNA expression profiles in gonad tissues revealed numerous sex-specific lncRNAs in P. sinensis. Thereby, these findings provide new insights into the function of lncRNAs in sex differentiation and highlight a group of candidate lncRNAs for future studies.

The Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis, Testudines: Pelodiscus) shows geographical variation, and one strain is the inked turtle. Wild population numbers have dropped substantially during the past decades, and the species is now classed as vulnerable. However, little genetic data exists so this study aimed to sequence and analyze the complete mitochondrial genome. The circular double-stranded genome is 17,145 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, an L-strand replication origin and a control region. The base composition is 35.5% A, 27.3% T, 11.8% G and 25.4% C, with an AT content of 62.8%. Trionychidae species were divided into two clades based on phylogenetic analysis, and the closest genetic distance was between Trionyx axenaria and P. sinensis. This study provides basic genetic data for future studies on conservation biology, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of this inked strain of the Chinese soft-shell turtle.

The early Pliocene fan delta complex developed in the south of Lake Albert Basin which is located at the northern end of the western branch in the East African Rift System. The stratigraphy of this succession is composed of distributary channels, overbank, mouthbar and lacustrine shales. Limited by the poor seismic quality and few wells, it is full of challenge to delineate the distribution area and patterns of reservoir sands. Sedimentary forward simulation and basin analogue were applied to analyze the spatial distribution of facies configuration and then a conceptual sedimentary model was constructed by combining with core, heavy mineral and palynology evidences. A 3D geological model of a 120 m thick stratigraphic succession was built using well logs and seismic surfaces based on the established sedimentary model. The facies modeling followed a hierarchical object-based approach conditioned to multiple trend constraints like channel intensity, channel azimuth and channel width. Lacustrine shales were modeled as background facies and then in turn eroded by distribute channels, overbank and mouthbar respectively. At the same time a body facies parameter was created to indicate the connectivity of the reservoir sands. The resultant 3D facies distributions showed that the distributary channels flowed from east bounding fault to west flank and overbank was adhered to the fringe of channels while mouthbar located at the end of channels. Furthermore, porosity and permeability were modeled using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) honoring core observations and petrophysical interpretation results. Despite the poor seismic is not supported to give enough information for fan delta sand distribution, creating a truly representative 3D geomodel is still able to be achieved. This paper highlights the integration of various data and comprehensive steps of building a consistent representative 3D geocellular fan delta model used for numeral simulation studies and field development plan.

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism and is upregulated in cancer. However, the correlations of PYCR1 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of PYCR1 and its clinical relevance in RCC patients. PYCR1 mRNA expression differences between RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Subsequently, the expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunochemistry using 30 paired frozen samples of RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein expression of PYCR1 was evaluated by immunostaining formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of RCC samples from 96 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, and its relationship with clinical features were analyzed. Nonpaired t tests were used to statistically analyze the differences between the 2 groups. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival (OS) among RCC patients were performed. The expression of PYCR1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared to adjacent normal renal tissues in the TCGA database (P

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) are two important multi-satellite precipitation products in TRMM-era and perform important functions in GPM-era. Both TMPA and CMORPH systems simultaneously upgraded their retrieval algorithms and released their latest version of precipitation data in 2013. In this study, the latest TMPA and CMORPH products (i.e., Version-7 real-time TMPA (T-rt) and gauge-adjusted TMPA (T-adj), and Version-1.0 real-time CMORPH (C-rt) and Version-1.0 gauge-adjusted CMORPH (C-adj)) are evaluated and intercompared by using independent rain gauge observations for a 12-year (2000–2011) period over two typical basins in China with different geographical and climate conditions. Results indicate that all TMPA and CMORPH products tend to overestimate precipitation for the high-latitude semiarid Laoha River Basin and underestimate it for the low-latitude humid Mishui Basin. Overall, the satellite precipitation products exhibit superior performance over Mishui Basin than that over Laoha River Basin. The C-adj presents the best performance over the high-latitude Laoha River Basin, whereas T-adj showed the best performance over the low-latitude Mishui Basin. The two gauge-adjusted products demonstrate potential in water resource management. However, the accuracy of two real-time satellite precipitation products demonstrates large variability in the two validation basins. The C-rt reaches a similar accuracy level with the gauge-adjusted satellite precipitation products in the high-latitude Laoha River Basin, and T-rt performs well in the low-latitude Mishui Basin. The study also reveals that all satellite precipitation products obviously overestimate light rain amounts and events over Laoha River Basin, whereas they underestimate the amount and events over Mishui Basin. The findings of the precision characteristics associated with the latest TMPA and CMORPH precipitation products at different basins will offer satellite precipitation users an enhanced understanding of the applicability of the latest TMPA and CMORPH for water resource management, hydrologic process simulation, and hydrometeorological disaster prediction in other similar regions in China. The findings will also be useful for IMERG algorithm development and update in GPM-era.

The traditional geometrical depolarization model that single transmitter to single receiver provides a simple method of polarization channel modeling. It can obtain the geometrical depolarization effect of each path if known the antenna configuration, the polarization field radiation pattern and the spatial distribution of scatters. With the development of communication technology, information transmission spectrum is more and more scarce. The original model provides only a single channel polarization state, so the information will be limited that the polarization state carries in the polarization modulation. The research is so significance that how to carries polarization modulation information by using multi-antenna polarization state. However, the present study shows that have no depolarization effect model for multi-antenna systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-antenna geometrical depolarization model. On the basis of a single antenna to calculate the depolarization effect of the model, and through simulation to analysis the main factors that influence the depolarization effect. This article provides a multi-antenna geometrical depolarization channel modeling that can applied to large-scale array antenna, and to some extent increase the speed of information transmission.

Rationale: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by clinical and radiological features, including headache, disturbed consciousness, seizures, and cortical blindness associated with findings indicating posterior leukoencephalopathy on imaging studies. Ours is the first case of PRES developing after postpartum hemorrhage and uterine artery embolization. Patient concerns: An 18-year-old patient had postpartum hemorrhage after a normal delivery. She required uterine artery embolization to stop the bleeding; however, she developed PRES 2 hours after the surgery. Diagnoses: Brain computed tomography suggested subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. However, findings on magnetic resonance imaging were highly indicative of PRES. Interventions: The patient received diazepam and midazolam to prevent seizures. Outcomes: Seizures were controlled on the first day. The patient's visual acuity returned to normal on the fourth day of admission. Thirteen days after admission, her neurological signs and symptoms were completely managed. Lessons: PRES may be related to postpartum hemorrhage, blood pressure fluctuation, inflammation, and contrast agents. Collectively, they cause a breakage in the blood–brain barrier and endothelial cell damage, eventually leading to PRES. We also found PRES had many features similar with contrast-induced encephalopathy.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, The vitreous sample has been used for the diagnosis of uveitis and intraocular malignancy for decades. The sample volume is usually limited to 1 mL with current techniques. In the present study, a novel technique for higher amount of vitreous sample acquisition, that is, Binocular Indirect Ophthalmo Microscope-assistant gas-perfused pars plana vitrectomy (BAG-PPV) was invented. For diagnostic purpose, BAG-PPV with 23-ga vitrectomy system was performed on a 54-year-old Chinese male with the symptom of bilateral atypical uveitis. More than 3 mL of vitreous sample per eye was collected without any significant complications. Cytopathology was confirmed on the basis of cell surface markers and released cytokines by flow cytometry analysis and cytokine assays respectively. A monoclonal B-cell population with the pattern of CD5−, CD10−, cyKi67+, CD71+, FMC7+, CD23−, and kappa light chain single expression for the right eye and a monoclonal B-cell pattern with CD5−, CD10−, cyKi67+, and kappa light chain restriction for the left eye were identified. The cytokine assay revealed high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (90,838.30 and 41,098.0 pg/mL for the right and left eyes, respectively) and IL10/IL6 ratios for both eyes (with 90.78 and 63.26 for the IL10/IL6 ratios of the right and left eyes, respectively), while those for the cerebrospinal fluid were low (4.77 pg/mL for the IL10 level and 0.65 for the IL10/IL6 ratio). Based on the results, the patient was diagnosed with primary intraocular lymphoma for bilateral eyes. Our results demonstrated that diagnostic vitrectomy with BAG-PPV using the 23-ga vitrectomy system was safe, efficient, and able to provide useful diagnostic information for suspicious intraocular malignancy and other atypical uveitis.

Delayed sowing (DS) is a critical factor influencing grain yield and quality under climate change. This study was conducted to determine maize grain yield and quality traits responses to DS and varied genotypes in rain-fed condition, northeast of China. Two typical hybrids ZD958 (higher starch type) and LM33 (higher protein type) and three sowing dates: 30 April (DS0) as normal, 10 May (DS10) and 20 May (DS20) were compared. Results demonstrated maize grain yield, biomass, kernel number per square, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain nutrition yield, N concentration and grain test weight were significantly reduced by DS. Compared to high protein type LM33, high starch type ZD958 had a higher yield potential and lower yield reduction with delayed sowing. Grain yield loss under DS could be mainly attributed to reduction of the BMP and biomass, thereby leading to the reduction of TKW and kernels number per unit. DS didn’t affected grain nutritional content (starch, protein and oil), while significantly reduced grain nutrition yield of starch, oil and protein with delayed sowing. This study suggests that, early sowing should be recommended to the framers and varieties adjustments maybe a possible approach to reduce and compensate for the loss of yield caused by delayed sowing in rain-fed condition under climate change in NCP.

With the development of rehabilitation medicine and kinematics, the study of Electromyographic (EMG) signal come into people’s sight. The information obtained from the surface EMG signals can not only reflect the motion state of muscles and joints, but also judge people's motion type, which is one of the important indexes in the study of human body. Based on the EMG as the research object with the detailed analysis to understand the EMG of time domain, frequency domain and SNR, etc. The study of EMG signal denoising and feature extraction is of great value and significance in the field of medical diagnosis. Such as using sEMG signals to assess muscle status and determine postoperative recovery status. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based on hilbert-huang is a time frequency analysis method for non-linear and non-stationary signals like EMG signals, which has unique advantages and broad prospects in signal analysis and processing. In this paper, we used EMD to decompose signal which contain multiple frequency component into a series of inherent modal parameters, and then combine the method of EMD decomposition and wavelet transform to carry out denoising processing and feature extraction for EMG signals, which can effectively weaken the noise of surface EMG signals and reflect the essential characteristics of the original signal, and classify the damage of EMG signals by analyzing the characteristic values.

Feature extraction is very difficult for handwritten Chinese character because of large Chinese characters set, complex structure and very large shape variations. The recognition rate by currently used feature extraction methods and classifiers is far from the requirements of the people. For this problem, this study proposes a new feature extraction method for handwritten Chinese character recognition based on Kernel Independent Component Analysis (KICA). Firstly, we extract independent basis images of handwritten Chinese character image and the projection vector by using KICA algorithm and then obtain the feature vector. The scheme takes full advantage of good extraction local features capability of ICA and powerful computational capability of KICA. The experiments show that the feature extraction method based on KICA is superior to that of gradient-based about the recognition rate and outperforms that of ICA about the time for feature extraction.

This thesis proposed a parameter-optimized iterative reconstruction method (optimized-CGTV) for tomographic reconstruction with limited projections subject to the minimization of the total variation (TV). The reconstruction problem is solved with a parameter optimization applying a discrete L-curve. The optimized-CGTV reconstruction method is incorporated into an automatic framework of parallel 3D reconstruction on a computer cluster to achieve a rapid reconstruction process.

Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) was characterized in regenerating bone marrow, which can increase osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. The carboxy-terminal pentapeptide is a naturally occurring human and murine mitogen equipotent to OGP. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of OGP10-14 in regulation of hematopoiesis in human hematopoietic stem cells and animal model. Our results showed CD34+ stem cells from umbilical cord blood (UBC) were significantly increased in OGP10-14 treated samples, which is nearly equivalent to the results obtained from the combinations of IL3, IL11, G-CSF, and EPO group. OGP10-14 can also stimulate the differentiation of stem cells from bone marrow at the level of noncommitted progenitor stem cells, thus increasing the number of reconstituted red and white cells as well as platelets after injected i.m. everyday continuing for 5 days in hematopoietic function damage mice comparing with the OGP-untreated group. These data implicate that the role of OGP10-14 regulating hematopoiesis is in the early stage of the whole hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) regulating network, just like the position of interleukin 13 in the hematopoiesis network.

Objective: This study is to investigate anemia management trends in patients on peritoneal dialysis in Huashan Hospital in the past 10 years. Methods: A total of 463 cases of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis from July 2004 to March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients enrolled in this study all were elder than 18 years old, those who had been followed up for at least 1 quarter. Clinical data of anemia including hemoglobin, serum iron, iron saturation, dosage of erythropoietin (EPO) and iron supplements were collected quarterly and then analyzed those data. Results: In the first period of 25 quarters, in a certain range, increased dose of erythropoietin and iron content, can make the patient’s hemoglobin gradually increased to the ideal level, which helps to treat the symptoms of anemia patients. Results of comparation before and after the education program showed that with the enhance the EPO injection compliance and treat anemia with the proper dose of EPO, the PD patients have stable level of Hemoglobin, accompanying with the decreased dose of oral Iron and intravenous iron. Conclusion: It was shown that hemoglobin value was constantly stable. Treat anemia with proper dose of EPO individually could cure anemia effectively with the reducing of iron supplement improvement peritoneal dialysis patients’ anemia related knowledge, and the good compliance of injection of EPO, serum iron and iron saturation could still keep stable, although declined intake of iron supplements. Therefore, optimizing anemia management in peritoneal dialysis patients is helpful to improve their quality of life.

Most of methods on malicious data identification are based on the residual in power system applications. Residual error method, which is an effective method to identify a single malicious data can be basically divided into weighted residual error method and normalized residual error method. In this paper the states and measurement estimated value can be calculated firstly by the traditional weighted least squares state estimation algorithm. Then the measurement residual and the objective function value can be also calculated. The algorithm of weighted residual error method is tested on IEEE5 bus system by MATLAB and the analysis on the results of calculation example shows that this method is an effective one which a single malicious data can be effectively dealt with, and it can be applied to malicious data identification. In this paper the largest weighted residues in the case of single malicious data are 8.361 and correspond to real power injection at bus2, which are far above the threshold to improve the efficiency of malicious data identification.

doctoral, 創造科学技術大学院, 甲第872号