Search

With the expanding scale of aquatic product imports, safety issues have arisen. Among them, the lack of supervision by government agencies, illegal importation by unscrupulous enterprises and the lack of regulatory bodies such as consumers are major reasons for the occurrence of unsafe imported aquatic products. Therefore, this paper adopts a two-by-two static game model between government agencies and importers, importers and consumers, and a three-way sequential dynamic game model between government agencies, importers and consumers to analyze the causes of quality and safety problems of imported aquatic products in China. The results show that when the safety problems of imported fishery products occur, consumers choose to report importers when the compensation they receive due to reporting increases or when the cost of reporting is reduced by not reporting; government agencies choose to strictly regulate importers when the cost of regulation is reduced by loose regulation and reputation loss increases, or when the revenue from fines obtained by strict regulation increases. It is further verified through empirical evidence that both government agency regulation and consumer monitoring have positive effects on importers’ self-regulation. Finally, countermeasures to ensure the quality and safety of imported aquatic products in China are proposed.

Salinity is a major limiting factor in crop productivity. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) transcription factors have been widely identified in a variety of plants and play important roles in plant stress responses. Studies on DREBs have primarily focused on the A-1 and A-2 DREB groups, while few have focused on the A-5 group. In this study, we concentrated on ScDREB5, an A-5b type DREB gene from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis. ScDREB5 is a transcription factor localized to the nucleus that exhibits transactivation activity in yeast. Ectopic ScDREB5 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased seed germination and improved seedling tolerance under salt stress. ScDREB5-overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed lower methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, but higher peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities compared to wild plants. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of stress marker genes, including RD29B, COR47, LEA6, LEA7, ERD1, P5CS1, and salt overly sensitive (SOS) genes (SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3), were upregulated in the transgenic lines when subjected to salt treatment. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses indicated that transgenic lines were accompanied by an increased expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes, as well as a higher JA content under salt stress. Our results suggest that ScDREB5 could improve salt tolerance by enhancing the scavenging abilities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing JA content by upregulating JA synthesis gene expression, regulating ion homeostasis by up-regulating stress-related genes, osmotic adjustment, and protein protection, making ScDREB5 a promising candidate gene for crop salt stress breeding.

Transcriptome sequencing during different time points of desiccation and rehydration of the extremely desication tolerance bryophyte erythritum dentatum in Gurbantonggute desert, Xinjiang

Jing Li,1 Ruirui Yang,1,2 Junjie Cui,1 Yongyu Guo3 1School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhengzhou Innovative Experimental School, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing 210097, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yongyu Guo Tel +86 13397176318Email yyguo@njnu.edu.cnBackground: Several studies have demonstrated that materialistic people tend to engage in impulsive buying. However, how to help them reduce such irrational behavior, especially in online shopping context, is not known. This study aimed to explore whether mental simulation moderates the relationship between materialism and online impulsive buying.Methods: A total of 200 Chinese college students participated in the experiment. We adopted an imaginary priming paradigm to manipulate three types of mental simulation: process simulation (i.e., imagining the detailed process of purchasing goods), upward outcome simulation (i.e., imagining possible positive outcomes after purchasing), and downward outcome simulation (i.e., imagining possible negative outcomes after purchasing). Then we asked participants to make purchase decisions in a simulated online store.Results: Results showed that mental simulation exerted a significant moderating effect. In the upward outcome simulation group, a higher level of materialism predicted more online impulsive buying. However, this association was not significant in the downward outcome simulation and process simulation groups.Conclusion: Our findings have implications for interventions in that mental simulation (process simulation or downward outcome simulation) can act as an effective way to help materialists reduce online impulsive buying.Keywords: materialism, online impulsive buying, mental simulation, moderation

Dehydration rates significantly impact the amount of damage and rate of recovery of desiccation-tolerant mosses and thus play a role in the ability of these plants to occupy desert ecosystems. The desiccation-tolerant moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. is a component of biological soil crusts in northwestern China and has been extensively studied, but the effects of dehydration rates on its physiological and molecular responses to desiccation and rehydration are still unclear. We evaluated the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of B. argenteum during and upon recovery from rapid dehydration, ambient air dehydration, and slow dehydration rates. Our results demonstrated that (1) photosynthesis decreased significantly in response to all dehydration rates and recovered to the control level following rehydration; however, recovery from slow dehydration was more rapid. Ultrastructural investigations revealed that chloroplasts did not degrade and remained intact during desiccation regardless of the dehydration rates. (2) The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased under all drying regimes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were the main scavenging enzymes that responded during the dehydration and rehydration processes. The transcripts encoding these enzymes also increased in abundance during desiccation and rehydration. (3) The extent of the increase of the abundance of stress-related transcripts was correlated with the dehydration rates, and all the transcripts displayed decreased abundance throughout rehydration. The majority of the transcripts showed similar accumulation patterns under the rapid and air dehydration treatments; however, slow dehydration resulted in a greater increase in transcript abundance. Our work provides insights into how desiccation and rehydration play roles in the ability of B. argentum to endure harsh environments.

To explore the brainstem injury associated with supratentorial lesions, we conducted analysis of ICP levels and detected ENG parameters by using the cold caloric reflex test and histopathological examinations of the brainstem. Rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage was well-established in the study of supratentorial lesions of varying severities (n=210). Intracerebral pressure monitoring and electronystagmography of the cold caloric reflex test were simultaneously performed in animals. Apoptotic, immunohistochemical, and histopathological changes in different segments of the brainstem were investigated at various time intervals. Electronystagmography parameters were analyzed by cold caloric reflex test. The result showed that the increase of intracerebral pressure was correlated with lesion severity including elevating levels and rostral-caudal progression of neuronal apoptosis, demyelination, N-methyl-D-aspartate cell receptor down-regulation (r=0.815), and histopathological changes. Mutiple discrimination analysis of electronystagmography parameters presented a diagnostic accuracy rate of 79.5% in localizing brainstem injury. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that electronystagmography monitoring along with the cold caloric reflex test performed a favorable effect on the estimation of brainstem injury in ICH rat model, which provided a potential bedside diagnostic tool to assess and predict the progress of supratentorial lesion patient in future.