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Dendritic cells (DCs) vaccines are a major focus of future anti-tumor immunotherapy for their pivotal role in eliciting reactive tumor-specific T-cell responses. Tumor cell-mediated DCs (TC-DC) activation and tumor antigen-mediated DCs (TA-DC) activation are two conventional modes of DC vaccine construction in clinical studies. The former physiologically mimicks the tumor identification and rejection, significantly contributing to DC-based immune recognition and migration towards the complexed tumor microenvironment (TME). However, as immunosuppressive molecules may exist in TME, these TC-DC are generally characterized with aberrant lipid accumulation and inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α)-X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) hyperactivation, which is provoked by overwhelming oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in TC-DC malfunction. Oppositely, without contacting immunosuppressive TME, TA-DC vaccines perform better in T-cell priming and lymph nodes (LNs) homing, but are relatively weak in TME infiltration and identification. Herein, we prepared a KIRA6-loaded α-Tocopherol nanoemulsion (KT-NE), which simultaneously ameliorated oxidative stress and ER stress in the dysfunctional lipid-laden TC-DC. The TC-DC treated by KT-NE could maintain immunological activity, simultaneously, exhibited satisfactory chemotaxis towards LNs and tumor sites in vivo, and effectively suppressed malignant progression by unleashing activated tumor-reactive T cells. This study generated a new DC-vaccine that owned puissant aptitude to identify complicated TME as well as robust immunological activity to boost T-cell initiation, which may provide some insights into the design and application of DC-vaccines for clinical application.

Flower-like cobalt–molybdenum mixed-oxide microspheres (CoMo-FMs) with hierarchical architecture were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal process and subsequent calcination step. The characterization results show that CoMo-FMs were assembled from ultrathin mesoporous nanosheets with thicknesses of around 4.0 nm, providing the composite with a large pore volume and a massive surface area. The synthesized CoMo-FMs were employed as catalysts for the aerobic oxidative desulfurization (AODS) of fuel, and the reaction results show that the optimal catalyst (CoMo-FM-2) demonstrated an outstanding catalytic performance. Over CoMo-FM-2, various thiophenic sulfides could be effective removed at 80–110 °C under an atmospheric pressure, and a complete conversion of sulfides could be achieved in at least six consecutive cycles without a detectable change in chemical compositions. Further, the catalytic mechanism was explored by conducting systemic radical trapping and transformation experiments, and the excellent catalytic performance for CoMo-FMs should be mainly due to the synergistic effect of Mo and Co elements.

Opisthorchiosis is a parasitic liver disease found in mammals that is widespread throughout the world and causes systemic inflammation. Praziquantel remains the drug of choice for the treatment of opisthorchiosis, despite its many adverse effects. An anthelmintic effect is attributed to the main curcuminoid of Curcuma longa L. roots—curcumin (Cur)—along with many other therapeutic properties. To overcome the poor solubility of curcumin in water, a micellar complex of curcumin with the disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Cur:Na2GA, molar ratio 1:1) was prepared via solid-phase mechanical processing. In vitro experiments revealed a noticeable immobilizing effect of curcumin and of Cur:Na2GA on mature and juvenile Opisthorchis felineus individuals. In vivo experiments showed that curcumin (50 mg/kg) had an anthelmintic effect after 30 days of administration to O.felineus-infected hamsters, but the effect was weaker than that of a single administration of praziquantel (400 mg/kg). Cur:Na2GA (50 mg/kg, 30 days), which contains less free curcumin, did not exert this action. The complex, just as free curcumin or better, activated the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (Cyp7A1, Fxr, and Rxra), which was suppressed by O.felineus infection and by praziquantel. Curcumin reduced the rate of inflammatory infiltration, whereas Cur:Na2GA reduced periductal fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, a decrease in liver inflammation markers was found, which is determined by calculating the numbers of tumor-necrosis-factor-positive cells during the curcumin treatment and of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase-positive cells during the Cur:Na2GA treatment. A biochemical blood test revealed a normalizing effect of Cur:Na2GA (comparable to that of curcumin) on lipid metabolism. We believe that the further development and investigation of therapeutics based on curcuminoids in relation Opisthorchis felineus and other trematode infections will be useful for clinical practice and veterinary medicine.

In the process of film and television production, clear images can give the audience a real sensory experience, but high-resolution images require a massive amount of production time and highly specialized imaging equipment, which is not a cost-effective solution at the moment. To achieve a better cost efficiency during video production, we propose a multichannel featured superresolution network model that utilizes rendered low-resolution images according to their characteristics. This model includes a feature extraction layer, a series of subnetworks, and a reconstruction module. Inside the network model, a series of subnetworks are cascaded to improve the information flow from coarse to fine, which helps to fully extract the depth, normal vector, edge, and texture features from low-resolution rendered images to reconstruct the high-resolution image. Additionally, residual learning is introduced at each stage to further improve the reconstruction performance. We experiment with the model on the classic Disney Monte Carlo datasets and compare it with several related algorithms. The results show that our algorithm is able to reconstruct the image with clearer details and texture. Thus, our research not only helps to maintain the audience’s sensory experience but also increases the efficiency of film and television production, which also brings considerable economic benefits.

Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the main treatment for port wine stain (PWS), but a considerable number of patients show low clearances. The reason for the poor efficacy is related to PDL-induced angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in PDL-induced angiogenesis and can activate the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in endothelial cells. It triggers a full range of responses, and then participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Tivozanib is an inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity, which can block the pro-angiogenic effect of VEGF and reduce vascular permeability.Different energy densities of PDL were used to irradiate the abdominal skin of rats. According to the general and pathological changes of the irradiated area, the energy density of 8 J/cmThe number of blood vessels in the 0.5% Tivozanib group and 1% Tivozanib group was significantly reduced on the 7, 10, and 14 days compared with the control group. The number of blood vessels in the 1% Tivozanib group was significantly reduced compared with the 0.5% Tivozanib group, indicating that Tivozanib successfully inhibited PDL-induced angiogenesis, and the inhibitory effect of 1% Tivozanib was more significant than that of 0.5% Tivozanib. Transcriptome sequencing results showed a total of 588 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 90 upregulated genes and 498 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the significantly differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways which were closely related to angiogenesis. Finally, real-time PCR was used to verify the genes with higher expression differences, the top ranking and closely related to angiogenesis, namely, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl3, Cxcl6, Ccl3, Csf3, IL1β, iNOS, Mmp9, Mmp13, Plau, Ets1, Spp1, Nr4a1. The results were consistent with the trend of transcriptome sequencing results, which proved the reliability of this study.This study explored the inhibitory effect of Tivozanib on PDL-induced angiogenesis, and provided a new idea for the treatment of clinical PWS. Transcriptome sequencing explored the mechanism and provided reliable clues for later in-depth research.

In the era of "green economy", how to maintain rapid economic growth under the constraints of resources is one of the hot issues concerned by the government and experts. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the trend of international transfer of industries is becoming more and more obvious. China is a country with relatively rich resources and low labor costs. In recent years, China has gradually become a resource-intensive undertaking country characterized by high pollution and high energy consumption industries. The transfer of international industries has not only greatly promoted the development of China's economy, but also further increased the demand for resources in China. To realize the sustainable growth of economic development, we must adjust the relationship between trade and resources. Metal products industry belongs to China's manufacturing industry, and it is also a typical industry with high energy consumption and high pollution, which is bound to face severe resource constraints in future construction. Therefore, this paper takes resource constraint as the basic condition, discusses the influence of China's metal products industry under the new situation, analyzes the influence mechanism of resource constraint, and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.

RNF214 is an understudied ubiquitin ligase without any knowledge of its biological functions or specific protein substrates. Using an APEX2-mediated proximity labeling method coupled with the mass spectrometry technique, we identified the TEAD transcription factors in the Hippo pathway as interactors of RNF214. We showed that RNF214 induces non-proteolytic ubiquitylation at a conserved single lysine residue of TEADs, enhances the interactions between TEADs and the transcription coactivators of the Hippo pathway including YAP and TAZ, and then promotes transactivation of the downstream genes of the Hippo signaling. Moreover, we proved that YAP and TAZ could bind polyubiquitin chains, implying the underlying mechanisms by which RNF214 regulates the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, we found that RNF214 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical and statistical analysis indicated that high expression levels of RNF214 are associated with low differentiation status and poor prognosis of HCC. Consistently, we showcased that RNF214 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells and HCC tumorigenesis in mouse models via the Hippo pathway. Collectively, our data revealed that RNF214 is a critical component in the Hippo pathway by forming a new signaling axis of RNF214-TEAD-YAP, thereby upregulating the transcriptional activities of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex. More importantly, our results suggest that RNF214 serves as an oncogene of HCC and could be a potential drug target of HCC therapy.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in ophthalmological disease screening and diagnostics, medical image diagnostics, and predicting late-disease progression rates. We reviewed all AI publications associated with macular edema (ME) research Between 2011 and 2022 and performed modeling, quantitative, and qualitative investigations.Methods: On 1st February 2023, we screened the Web of Science Core Collection for AI applications related to ME, from which 297 studies were identified and analyzed (2011–2022). We collected information on: publications, institutions, country/region, keywords, journal name, references, and research hotspots. Literature clustering networks and Frontier knowledge bases were investigated using bibliometrix-BiblioShiny, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace bibliometric platforms. We used the R “bibliometrix” package to synopsize our observations, enumerate keywords, visualize collaboration networks between countries/regions, and generate a topic trends plot. VOSviewer was used to examine cooperation between institutions and identify citation relationships between journals. We used CiteSpace to identify clustering keywords over the timeline and identify keywords with the strongest citation bursts.Results: In total, 47 countries published AI studies related to ME; the United States had the highest H-index, thus the greatest influence. China and the United States cooperated most closely between all countries. Also, 613 institutions generated publications - the Medical University of Vienna had the highest number of studies. This publication record and H-index meant the university was the most influential in the ME field. Reference clusters were also categorized into 10 headings: retinal Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) fluid detection, convolutional network models, deep learning (DL)-based single-shot predictions, retinal vascular disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), automated macular pathology diagnosis, dry age-related macular degeneration (DARMD), class weight, and advanced DL architecture systems. Frontier keywords were represented by diabetic macular edema (DME) (2021–2022).Conclusion: Our review of the AI-related ME literature was comprehensive, systematic, and objective, and identified future trends and current hotspots. With increased DL outputs, the ME research focus has gradually shifted from manual ME examinations to automatic ME detection and associated symptoms. In this review, we present a comprehensive and dynamic overview of AI in ME and identify future research areas.

Background: Gender and reproductive status differences exist in both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and body composition. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between body composition and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD in different gender and reproductive status populations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 880 participants (355 men, 417 pre-menopausal women, 108 post-menopausal women). Liver steatosis and fibrosis and body composition data were measured using FibroScan and a bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer (BIA), respectively. Multiple ordinal logistic regression (MOLR) was used to analyze the correlation between body composition indicators and liver steatosis grade and fibrosis stage in different gender and menopausal status populations. Results: Men have higher waist circumference (WC), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), fat free mass (FFM), and fat free mass to fat mass ratio (FFM/FM) than pre- or post-menopausal women, while pre-menopausal women have higher percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), and fat mass (FM) than the other two groups (p < 0.001). Besides, men have greater controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values (p < 0.001). For MOLR, after adjusting for confounding factors, WC (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12; P = 0.011) and FFM/FM (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.89; P = 0.017) in men and visceral obesity (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.09-15.90; P = 0.037) in post-menopausal women are independently associated with liver steatosis grade. WC, PBF, and visceral obesity are independently associated with liver fibrosis stage in men (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09, P = 0.013; OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = 0.018; OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.97-7.81; P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Increased WC and low FFM/FM in men and visceral obesity in post-menopausal women are independent correlates of aggravated liver steatosis. In addition, increased WC, PBF, and visceral obesity are independent correlates of worsening liver fibrosis in men. These data support the gender- and reproductive status-specific management of NAFLD.

Objective Palliative care (PC) can improve the quality of life of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and their carers. However, the impact of PC services on patients with PD remains unclear. This research was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators influencing PC services for patients with PD based on the Social Ecological Model (SEM) framework. Methods This research was conducted through semi-structured interviews, employing SEM to organize themes and identify potential solutions across multiple levels. Results A total of 29 interviewees (5 PD clinicians, 7 PD registered nurses, 8 patients, 5 caregivers, and 4 policy makers) completed the interviews. Facilitators and barriers were identified according to the levels of the SEM. Several facilitators were identified, i.e., (1) individual level: the critical needs among PD patients and their relatives and the desire for PC knowledge among health professionals; (2) interpersonal level: social support; (3) organizational level: the investments towards systematization of PC; and nurses are the bridge between patients and doctors; (4) community level: the convenience of community services; and hospital-community-family-based services; (5) culture and policy level: existing policy. Conclusion The social-ecological model proposed in this study helps illuminate the complex and multilevel factors that may influence PC delivery to PD patients.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Currently, the prevalence and mortality of DKD are increasing annually. However, with no effective drugs to prevent its occurrence and development, the primary therapeutic option is to control blood sugar and blood pressure. Therefore, new and effective drugs/methods are imperative to prevent the development of DKD in patients with diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multi-differentiation potential and paracrine function have received extensive attention as a new treatment option for DKD. However, their role and mechanism in the treatment of DKD remain unclear, and clinical applications are still being explored. Given this, we here provide an unbiased review of recent advances in MSCs for the treatment of DKD in the last decade from the perspectives of the pathogenesis of DKD, biological characteristics of MSCs, and different molecular and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize information on combination therapy strategies using MSCs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for clinical application.

Tailored management of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is important for effective coping; however, it has been hindered by the lack of a comprehensive tool that assesses both symptoms and treatable influencing factors.The aim was to develop a cancer-related fatigue comprehensive assessment scale (CRF-CAS) and assess its psychometric properties.This was a mixed-method study.The study included two phases which were conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. In phase one, a literature search, brainstorming sessions, Delphi studies, cognitive interviews and a pilot study were conducted to construct and revise CRF-CAS indicators. In phase two, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among cancer survivors. Item analysis was used to select and optimize indicators. Cronbach's α was calculated for reliability analysis. Validity analysis included concurrent validity and structural validity.A 93-item tool was initially constructed. Phase one ended with revision and optimization. The preliminary scale included five dimensions (CRF symptoms, physical activity, cognitive-emotional status, sleep status, nutritional status) and 30 items. The mean item-content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) were .98, and the adjusted mean values of Kappa for indicators ranged from .91-1, as evaluated by the expert group. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the CRF-CAS and criterion scales ranged from .337-.862. Cronbach's α coefficient ranged from .624-.728. Respondents agreed that the scale was acceptable for administration and that it contributed to decision-making in fatigue management. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the CRF-CAS fit well.The construction process of the CRF-CAS, involving panel discussion and expert and participant evaluations, was shown to be scientific and feasible. The CRF-CAS had relatively good validity and reliability in version 5 of its preliminary scale, which requires further improvement in future studies.

Hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy (PTX) results in tetany, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmia, and even sudden death. However, a meta-analysis or systematic evaluation of risk factors with the occurrence and development of hypocalcemia in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after PTX has never been performed.A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, was performed to retrieve relevant studies from database inception to June 2021. Quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were used for meta-analysis. The random-effects model was adopted to calculate the 95% CIs (Thirteen studies including 2990 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. The overall quality of the enrolled studies had a score of7 points. Risk factors significantly related to hypocalcemia in patients with SHPT after PTX were preoperative serum calcium (OR 0.19, 95%CI 0.11-0.31), preoperative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), and preoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.20-1.58). Meanwhile, age (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.87-1.10) was not significantly correlated with hypocalcemia after PTX.Based on the current evidence, preoperative serum calcium, preoperative ALP, and preoperative iPTH were significant predictors of hypocalcemia in patients with SHPT after PTX. More attention should be given to patients with these risk factors for the prevention of postoperative hypocalcemia.

To develop self-management support platform on mobile for Chinese patients with lung cancer.A stepwise approach with combination of methods.Literature review was carried out to construct preliminary framework and develop detailed content for self-management modules. A semistructured interview was conducted to elicit preference in the content and platform of self-management modules with 15 patients with lung cancer. Delphi study was performed to evaluate and improve the content of modules with 13 experts. A pilot study was conducted to test the mobile health-based self-management support modules with 13 patients with lung cancer.A social network software-based WeChat public account "Symptom Self-Management" for patients with lung cancer was developed and preliminarily tested with positive feedback. Three modules were designed and presented, including symptom management (cancer-related fatigue, cough, dyspnoea, pain, nausea and vomiting), emotion management and role management.This study showed that patients with lung cancer have diversified supportive care needs after discharge. A bottom-up and stepwise approach to develop mobile health-based self-management support tool has shown to be feasible and valuable. Theory guidance, user requirement exploration, evidence-based information and expert evaluation are key elements of the process.The WeChat Public Account "Symptom Self-Management" could be used as sustainable platform to support patients with lung cancer in dealing with common challenges. It provides professional information, self-assessment tools, self-management skills and peer-support platform. Information presented in both text and audio forms enables patients' easy access to the platform.

ObjectiveLarge pneumothorax is a rare but dangerous complication following thoracic and lumbar tumor surgery. There is little discussion about the features of large pneumothorax following spinal tumor surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of postoperative pneumothorax, identify factors related to large pneumothorax, and propose a management algorithm for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsIncluded in this retrospective study were 118 patients who developed pneumothorax after receiving thoracic and lumbar tumor surgery between January 2015 and October 2021. A measurement of lung compression ≥20% on chest CT or x-ray was defined as large pneumothorax, and potential risk factors for large pneumothorax were identified by univariate analysis.ResultsSpinal tumor history and intraoperative blood loss were risk factors for large pneumothorax. The common symptoms of postoperative pneumothorax were chest pain, chest tightness and dyspnea. The mean longest transverse diameter of tumors was 6.63 ± 2.4 cm. En bloc resection was performed in 70 patients, with a mean operation time of 6.9 ± 2.5 h and mean intraoperative blood loss of 1771 ± 1387 ml. The most common pathologies were chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumors of bone, and neurogenic tumors.ConclusionDuring surgery, an artificial dura mater patch and a prolene suture can be used to repair the pleural and lung defects. We recommend chest CT as the preferred method for identifying postoperative pneumothorax. If a patient presents severe dyspnea, a large pneumothorax or concurrent pleural effusion, application of chest drainage is strongly recommended.

Objectives 6-Hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA) is an organic acid component in extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves and acts as a major contributor to neurorestorative effects, while its oral bioavailability was low. Therefore, using prodrug method to improve the bioavailability and brain content of 6-HKA is significant. Methods Three structural modified compounds of 6-HKA were synthesized, and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of these structural modified compounds in rat plasma and rat brain homogenate were established and comprehensively validated. The methods were effectively applied to investigate the effects of structural modification on apparent permeability coefficients in cells, the pharmacokinetics and the brain distribution in rats. Key findings The results illustrated that esterification can greatly improve the apparent permeability coefficient and bioavailability of 6-HKA. Comparing with direct oral administration of 6-HKA, the bioavailability of isopropyl ester was greatly improved (from 3.96 ± 1.45% to 41.8 ± 15.3%), and the contents of 6-HKA in rat brains (49.7 ± 9.2 ng/g brain) were significantly higher after oral administration. Conclusions The bioavailability and the brain content of 6-HKA can be improved by the prodrug method. Among three structural modified compounds, isopropyl-esterified 6-HKA was the most promising treatment.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underlines the urgent need for effective mRNA vaccines. However, current understanding of the immunological outcomes of mRNA vaccines formulated under different nanoplatforms is insufficient. Here, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor binding domain mRNA delivered via lipid nanoparticle (LNP), cationic nanoemulsion (CNE), and cationic liposome (Lipo) was constructed. Results demonstrated that the structural and biochemical characteristics of nanoparticles shaped their tissue dissemination, cellular uptake, and intracellular trafficking, which eventually determined the activation of antiviral humoral and cellular immunity. Specifically, LNP was mainly internalized by myocyte and subsequently circumvented lysosome degradation, giving rise to humoral-biased immune responses. Meanwhile, CNE and Lipo induced cellular-preferred immunity, which was respectively attributed to the better lysosomal escape in dendritic cells and the superior biodistribution in secondary lymphoid organs. Overall, this study may guide the design and clinical use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

To assess the variations of soil quality among land use types and with altitude in the rocky mountain area of northern Hebei Province is critical for preventing further human-induced degradation of land and vegetation, and for formulating a strategic plan on vegetation restoration after the Beijing Winter Olympics. Taking为防止北方土石山区的土地和植被在人类活动下进一步退化,为冬奥会赛后制定战略性植被恢复计划,以白桦天然林、落叶松人工林、天然灌草地和弃耕农地为研究对象,基于土壤容重、孔隙度和土壤养分含量等13种土壤理化指标,对冀北土石山区不同土地利用类型土壤质量进行综合评价。结果表明: 冀北土石山区不同土地利用类型土壤质量呈现出白桦天然林天然灌草地落叶松人工林弃耕农地。白桦天然林的土壤质量显著高于其他3种土地利用类型,其土壤全氮(3.24±1.42 g·kg

Plant invasion is one of the most serious global problems, destroying ecosystem structure and function. With the severity of plant invasion, it is particularly important to understand the mechanisms of plant invasion in order to control and solve the problem. We summarized different mechanisms of plant invasion and the synergy among them, expounded the allelopathy, the plant-soil feedbacks, the reciprocal symbiosis, the effects of plant functional traits and phenotype plasticity in the process of plant invasion, and comprehensively analyzed the synergy of multiple mechanisms on plant invasion trajectory. According to the results, the invasion trajectory of alien plants in the invasive site was divided into four stages: introduction, colonization, establishment, and invasion. Integrating all kinds of obstacles and promoting factors encountered into it and putting forward the invasion curve of plants would contribute to the future research and management of invasive plants. We further highlighted the current research deficiencies and future research directions and objectives based on analyzing current research methods of plant invasion.植物入侵是最严重的全球问题之一,严重破坏生态系统的结构和功能。随着植物入侵现象日益严峻,要控制和解决外来植物入侵问题,了解和掌握植物入侵机制尤为重要。本文概述了植物入侵的多种机制及不同机制间的协同作用,阐述了植物入侵过程中的化感作用、植物-土壤反馈机制、互惠共生关系,以及植物功能性状和表型可塑性对入侵过程的影响,并对多种机制协同与植物入侵轨迹的关系进行综合分析。根据分析结果将外来植物在侵入地的入侵时间轨迹分为引入、定植、建立和侵入4个阶段,把遇到的各种阻碍和促进因素融入其中,提出外来植物入侵曲线图,有助于未来对入侵植物及其影响的研究和管理。对现有的植物入侵研究方法进行分析,提出现阶段研究的不足以及未来的研究方向和目标。.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to the beneficial effect produced from low-energy light irradiation on target cells or tissues. Increasing evidence in the literature suggests that PBM plays a positive role in the treatment of retinal diseases. However, there is great variation in the light sources and illumination parameters used in different studies, resulting in significantly different conclusions regarding PBM’s therapeutic effects. In addition, the mechanism by which PBM improves retinal function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted a narrative review of the published literature on PBM for treating retinal diseases and summarized the key illumination parameters used in PBM. Furthermore, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of PBM at the retinal cellular level with the goal of providing evidence for the improved utilization of PBM in the treatment of retinal diseases.

Glass-forming ability is a long-standing concern in the field of metallic glasses (MGs), which greatly limits their maximum casting size and extensive applications. In this work, we report an ultrasonic-assisted rapid cold welding of bulk MGs without using any additives. MGs with various compositions are welded together under a 20,000-Hz high-frequency ultrasonic vibration without losing their amorphous nature. The ultrasonic technology offers the advantages of rapid bonding (< 1 s) at low temperature (near room temperature) and low stress (< 1 MPa). According to the phenomenon observed in the experiment, the activated fresh atoms diffuse through the broken channel port under continuous rupture of the oxide layer, and the ultrasonic vibration accelerates the atomic-diffusion process. Finally, stable bonding of the MG interface is realized. This universal ultrasonic-assisted welding process can realize the composition design of dissimilar MGs as well as tuning of new materials with new performance.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological condition of glucose intolerance associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of developing maternal type 2 diabetes later in life. Metabolomics is finding increasing use in the study of GDM. To date, GDM-specific metabolomic changes have not been completely elucidated.In this pilot study, metabolomics fingerprinting data, obtained by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS), of 54 healthy pregnant women and 49 patients with GDM at the second and third gestational trimesters were analyzed. Multilevel statistical methods were used to process complex metabolomic data from the retrospective cohorts.Using univariate analysis (p 0.05), 41 metabolites were identified as having the most significant differences between these two groups. Lipid metabolites, particularly glycerophospholipids, were the most prevalent class of altered compounds. In addition, metabolites with previously unknown connection to GDM - such as monoacylglycerol, dihydrobiopterin, and 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid - were identified with strong discriminative power. The main metabolic pathways affected by GDM included glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism.Our data provide a comprehensive overview of metabolite changes at different stages of pregnancy, which offers further insights into the pathogenesis of GDM.

On the basis of the photoelectric properties and hydrophilicity and multimode interference of Graphene Oxide (GO), this study proposes an all-fiber humidity sensor. Two core-offset regions are constructed with a fiber fusion splicer, and a GO film is coated on a single-mode fiber (SMF) between the core-offset regions to form a humidity-sensitive Mach–Zehnder interference structure. As the external humidity environment changes, the refractive index of the GO changes, and the light in the SMF is modulated by humidity. External humidity is measured by detecting the changes in the wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the sensing structure. A saturated salt solution is used to build a stable humidity environment. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.05 nm/% relative humidity (RH) at 35.3%–95.8% RH, and the linear relationship between the characteristic wavelength and RH is 88%. In addition, the linear relationship between the light intensity and the RH of the sensor at a single wavelength at 1571 nm is analyzed, and the linearity is 97.45%. According to this finding, photoelectric conversion is used to convert the light intensity signal into a voltage signal. The data are processed by a computer to achieve the real-time and visual monitoring of the humidity environment. The fiber optic humidity sensor proposed in this work has a simple structure, simple production, low cost, and high sensitivity. This work provides a new method for humidity sensing.

Objective We investigated the correlation between zinc levels and Nrf2 expression and potential effects on the clinicopathology of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods We selected 30 patients with DN, diagnosed via renal biopsy at our hospital from March 2018 to November 2019, and enrolled 30 healthy individuals from a medical examination center as the control group. Patients with DN were divided into normal-zinc and low-zinc groups. We detected the levels of zinc, copper, and Nrf2 mRNA in their serum, and collected the clinical and pathological data of DN patients. Results Serum zinc level and Nrf2 mRNA expression were significantly decreased in patients with DN compared to those of healthy people (P P > 0.05). However, the expression of Nrf2 in the kidney tissue of the low-zinc group was significantly lower compared to the normal-zinc group (P P P P Conclusion Patients with DN were more likely to have zinc deficiency and lower expression of Nrf2. Additionally, DN patients with zinc deficiency were prone to have more severe clinical and pathological manifestations.

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes. Hyperoside has been widely reported to ameliorate diabetes-associated disease. The current study is designed to explore the mechanism of hyperoside in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, high glucose was used to treat podocytes. Diabetic nephropathy mice models were established by high-fat feeding followed by multiple low dose injections of streptozocin. Western blot analysis was conducted for detection of extracellular matrix accumulation, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. We found out that hyperoside improved high glucose-induced cell injury. Additionally, hyperoside prevented mice with diabetic nephropathy from diabetic symptoms and renal dysfunction. Mechanistically, hyperoside inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of APC. MiR-499-5p was found to be an upstream negative mediator of APC, and hyperoside induced the upregulation of miR-499-5p. MiR-499-5p bound with the 3' untranslated region of APC to inhibit its expression. Finally, rescue assays revealed that the suppressive effects of miR-499-5p overexpression on renal dysfunction were rescued by upregulation of APC in mice with diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, these findings indicated that hyperoside ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via targeting the miR-499-5p/APC axis, suggesting that hyperoside may offer a potential tactic for diabetic nephropathy treatment.

Objective Tyloxapol is a non-ionic surfactant with diverse pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-malignant tumor and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of tyloxapol on osteoclastogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we intended to clarify the effect of tyloxapol on RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and the molecular mechanism both ex vivo and in vivo. Methods In vitro osteoclastogenesis assay was performed in BMMs and Raw 264.7 cells. The mature osteoclasts were visualized by TRAP staining. The osteoblsats were visualized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Von Kossa staining. To assess whether tyloxapol inhibited the function of mature osteoclasts, F-actin belts and pit formation assays were carried out in BMMs. To evaluate the effect of tyloxapol on post-menopausal osteoporosis, the OVX mouse model were utilized. The bone tissue TRAP staining was used to evaluate the osteoclast activity in vivo. The von kossa staining and micro computed tomography were used to evaluate the histomorphometric parameters. The Goldner's staining was used to evaluate the osteoblast activity. The expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated markers were evaluated by Real-time PCR. The NF-κB and NFATc1 transcriptional activities were illustrated utilizing the assay of luciferase reporter. The effect of tyloxapol pretreatment on IκBa degradation and p65 phosphorylation was evaluated using Western bloting assay. The effect of tyloxapol pretreatment on p65 nuclear translocation was evaluated utilizing immunofluorescence. The effect of tyloxapol pretreatment on the phosphorylatio of ERK, p38 and JNK was examined utilizing Western bloting assay. Results In our research, we found that tyloxapol suppresses RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in a dose dependent manner and in the initial stage of osteoclastogenesis. Through F-actin belts and pit formation assays, we found that tyloxapol had the ability to inhibit the function of mature osteoclasts in vitro. The results of animal experiments demonstrated that tyloxapol inhibits OVX-induced bone mass loss by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts but had a limited effect on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization. Molecularly, we found that tyloxapol suppresses RANKL-stimulated NF-κB activation through suppressing degradation of IκBα, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65. At last, MAPK signaling pathway was also suppressed by tyloxapol in dose and time-dependent manners. Conclusion Our research illustrated that tyloxapol was able to suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomized-induced bone loss in vivo by restraining NF-κB and MAPK activation. This is pioneer research could pave the way for the development of tyloxapol as a potential therapeutic treatment for osteoporosis. The translational potential of this article This study explores that tyloxapol, also known as Triton WR-1339, may be a drug candidate for osteoclastogenic sicknesses like osteoporosis. Our study may also extend the clinical therapeutic spectrum of tyloxapol.

Many elderly individuals suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD), which causes a growing concern. We investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of vitamin D (VD) as a prophylactic treatment. A mouse model of okadaic-acid-induced AD-like pathology was used in vivo and in vitro. Morris water maze and field trials were used to assess cognitive function. The expression levels of VDR, MTHFR, LCMT-1, PP2A, p-TAU (Thr396), and T-TAU and the methylation level of PP2A were measured by Western blotting, and a reversal of the increase in the levels of these proteins in an AD cell model was observed. We used MTHFR-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells to further test the effects of VD, treated these cells with cycloheximide and MG132, and used RT-PCR to explore the mechanism underlying MTHFR targeting. We found that the effects of VD on AD were impaired by MTHFR knockdown through a pretranscriptional mechanism. In addition, VD attenuated AD-induced cognitive impairment and significantly suppressed the expression of TAU. Our findings indicated that VD treatment alleviated TAU accumulation and rescued methylated PP2A by increasing the expression of LCMT-1 and MTHFR.

Considering the influence of heat radiation, heat conduction, and plastic deformation, a novel temperature model of the injection-rolling zone during continuous injection direct rolling (CIDR) was developed through a mathematical analysis method. Numerical simulations based on the novel temperature model in the injection-rolling zone were performed under different injection temperatures, injection speeds, roller temperatures, roller speeds, and exit plate thicknesses. The novel temperature model was validated with actual CIDR experiments. The results showed that the polymer flow in the injection-rolling zone was laminar, and the injection speed and roller temperature had a substantial influence on the exit temperature of injection-rolling. The temperatures obtained through numerical simulations based on the novel temperature model were highly consistent with the measured temperatures with an average error of 2.4%. The microstructure ultrathin polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) light guide plate with superior performance was manufactured through a CIDR experiment. The average height replication rate of microstructures with the aspect ratio 1:3 was 93.34%, and the average width replication rate was 101.13%. The average light transmittance was 88.32%, and the average reflectance was 8.7%.

An intermittent ultrasonic-assisted equal channel angular pressing (IU-ECAP) technique for grain refinement is proposed in this study. AZ31 Mg alloy samples were divided into two groups (IU-ECAP and ECAP) and processed using four passes along route BC, and the effects of ultrasonic vibration on the mechanical properties and microstructure were examined. Mechanical testing revealed that IU-ECAP significantly reduced the extrusion force relative to that for ECAP, whereas the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength were strengthened. The maximum true ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of the IU-ECAPed specimens were achieved using ultrasonic vibration with an amplitude of 35 μm and intermittent time of 2 s. In addition, the microstructures were the most homogeneous for the smallest grain sizes. The IU-ECAPed specimens also possessed less high-angle grain boundaries because of the lower temperature of the IU-ECAP die. Texture analysis revealed that after the 4th pass, the texture of the IU-ECAPed specimens along the (0001) crystal plane exhibited maximum reduction; furthermore, the textures along the (0001), ( $$01\bar{1}0$$ ), and ( $$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$$ ) crystal planes were scattered homogeneously. These findings may be related to ultrasonic-induced grain boundary rotation.

Purpose To identify the clinical characteristics, histopathological features, and prognosis of kidney disease in a large cohort of elderly patients from Northeast China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the renal disease spectrum in 7,122 patients who underwent renal biopsies at the Second Hospital of Jilin University from 2006 to 2020. Patients were grouped according to age: below 60 years (non-elderly group, n = 5923) and at least 60 years (elderly group, n = 1199). The clinical and pathological characteristics of renal biopsy patients in the groups were analyzed using the t-test and chi-square test. Results Compared with the non-elderly group, the elderly group had significantly fewer patients with primary glomerulonephritis, but more patients with tubulointerstitial disorders (p

The transmembrane glycoprotein Trop2 plays important roles in various types of human cancers, especially lung cancer. Although it has been found to form clusters on cancer cell membranes, the factors that affect its clustering are not yet fully understood. Here, using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), we found that Trop2 generated more, larger, and denser clusters on apical cell membranes than on basal membranes and that the differences might be related to the different membrane structures. Moreover, dual-color dSTORM imaging revealed significant colocalization of Trop2 and lipid rafts, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin disruption dramatically impaired the formation of Trop2 clusters, indicating a key role of lipid rafts in Trop2 clustering. Additionally, depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton decreased Trop2 cluster numbers and areas, revealing that actin can stabilize the clusters. More importantly, stimulation of Trop2 in cancer cells hardly changed the cluster morphology, suggesting that Trop2 is activated and forms clusters in cancer cells. Altogether, our work links the spatial organization of Trop2 to different membrane structures and Trop activation and uncovers the essential roles of lipid rafts and actin in Trop2 cluster maintenance.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Convallatoxin, a natural cardiac glycoside, exhibits potent anti-tumor activities. Literature has confirmed that PTHR1 is highly expressed in OS tissues and cells and downregulation of PTHR1 could decrease the invasion and growth of OS cells and increase tumor differentiation. In addition, PTHR1 could activate Wnt signaling pathway to promote the malignant functions of OS. In the present study, MG63 and U2OS cells were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 nM convallatoxin in order to elucidate the precise function of convallatox on the malignant behaviors of OS cells. Moreover, MG63 and U2OS cells treated with convallatoxin were transfected with Ov-PTHR1 or sh-DKK1, aiming to explore whether convallatoxin impeded the malignant progression of OS by modulating PTHR1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to assess the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. Differentiation markers (collagen 1, osteopontin, RANKL, Runx2, osteocalcin) were measured to evaluate OS cell differentiation. Results illuminated that convallatoxin suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as promoted osteogenic differentiation of OS cells. Besides, convallatoxin inhibited PTHR1 expression and inactivated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PTHR1 overexpression activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, PTHR1 overexpression or DKK1 knockdown reversed the suppressing effects of convallatoxin on OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the enhancing effect of convallatoxin on OS cell osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, convallatoxin may repress the malignant progression of OS by blocking PTHR1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

The clinical pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients has significant interindividual variability. T lymphocytes were selected to study the pharmacodynamic response of tacrolimus, which was significantly correlated with renal function and the outcome of renal transplant patients. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was performed to obtain the metabolic profiles of 109 renal transplant patients. A partial least squares (PLS) model was constructed to screen potential biomarkers that could predict the efficacy of tacrolimus. Multinomial logistic regression analysis established a bridge that could quantify the relationship between the efficacy of tacrolimus and biomarkers. The results showed a good correlation between endogenous molecules and the efficacy of tacrolimus. Metabolites such as serum creatinine, mesobilirubinogen, L-isoleucine, 5-methoxyindoleacetate, eicosapentaenoic acid, N2-succinoylarginine, tryptophyl-arginine, and butyric acid were indicated as candidate biomarkers. In addition, the key biomarkers could correctly predict the efficacy of tacrolimus with an accuracy of 82.5%. Finally, we explored the mechanism of individual variation by pathway analysis, which showed that amino acid metabolism was significantly related to the efficacy of tacrolimus. Moreover, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that there was no difference in key metabolites among different pharmacodynamic groups at 1 month and 3 months after dose adjustment, suggesting that pharmacometabonomics is a useful tool to predict individual differences in pharmacodynamics and thus to facilitate individualized drug therapy.

N

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a common type of cancer worldwide, is normally associated with a poor prognosis. It is difficult to treat successfully as it often metastasizes into brain or bone. Methods to facilitate the induction of effective programmed cell death (PCD) in NSCLC cells to reverse drug resistance, or to inhibit the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells, are currently under investigation. The present study summarized the regulatory functions of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis, in the context of NSCLC metastasis. It further summarized how regulatory agents, including long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and microRNAs, regulate PCD during the metastasis of NSCLC and characterized new potential diagnostic biomarkers of NSCLC metastasis.

We demonstrate the data transmission characteristics of a 1.96 µm laser in an indoor simulated smoke channel. An active mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser at 1961.63 nm can be generated, and the repetition rate is 2.11 GHz corresponding pulse duration of 12.47 ps. Therefore, the pulse can be modulated by a 2.11 Gb/s digital sequence to act as a carrier light source. The transmission characteristics of signal light under different visibility conditions of 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 km are studied. Compared with the back-to-back conditions, the signal-to-noise ratios of the carrier can decrease after passing through the smoke channels, which are 3.93, 7.1, and 9.08 dB, respectively. At the same time, the received power jitter can increase from ± 0.16 to ± 1.14 d B . The sensitivity can be − 19.52 d B m at the visibility of 0.005 km. The experimental results show that thulium-doped mode-locked laser has an excellent performance in a smoke channel.

Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) has a long history in the treatment of liver cancer. However, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. TCMSP and TCM were used to collect the active ingredients. Bioactive compounds targets were predicted by reverse pharmacophore models. The antiliver cancer targets of PTH were selected by gene comparison of liver cancer in the GEO database. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding activity of the targets and the active ingredients. The DAVID was used to analyze the gene function and signal pathway. A model was built with Cytoscape. The core genes were obtained by PPI network. We screened the 4 main medicinal ingredients of PTH to obtain 16 active ingredient, 190 potential targets, and 6 core genes. We found that active small molecules exert anticancer effects by multiple pathways. The core genes were involved in multiple biological processes. We also found that eight chemical components play a greater role in inhibiting liver cancer. PTH achieves the effect of inhibiting liver cancer through the synergistic effect of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. This study provides a potential scientific basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of action of PTH against liver cancer.

Background SHP2, a widely expressed phosphatase, which has been linked to the initiation, progression and prognosis of various malignancies. We previously identified a new SHP2 anchorage protein Hook1 in the alveolar II epithelial cells, and it is suggested that Hook1 is a novel endogenous suppressor molecule of SHP2 phosphatase activity. Nevertheless, few studies have been mentioned the clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of SHP2 and Hook1 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 61 patients with NSCLC receiving gemcitabine plus carboplatin chemotherapy were studied. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the protein expression of SHP2 and Hook1. The relationships between gene expression and clinical and pathological factors, as well as prognosis, were evaluated. Results A significant correlation was observed between the SHP2 and Hook1 expression, with a total expression rate of 71.4%. The positive expression of Hook1 in adenocarcinoma and in stage IIIb-IV was higher than that in patients with squamous (73.5% vs. 31.2%, P=0.013) and I-IIIa (75% vs. 48.8%, P=0.05), suggesting that Hook1 might act as an indicator of NSCLC status. However, no significant correlation was observed between Hook1 expression and survival time (P>0.05). In contrast, patients with negative SHP2 expression had a higher survival rate (median overall survival 68 vs. 24 months, P=0.003). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that SHP2 was an independent indicator for overall survival (P=0.009). Conclusions The present study suggested that NSCLC patients with negative SHP2 expression could benefit from gemcitabine plus carboplatin chemotherapy, and further study is needed to confirm the prognostic value of SHP2 and Hook1.

To assess cancer survivors' unmet supportive care needs and associated factors. Limited evidence is available about the supportive care needs of Chinese cancer survivors to inform future service planning. A cross-sectional survey was conducted (STROBE cross-sectional checklist used for report). Standardized questionnaires were administered to 364 cancer survivors. Using the Supportive Care Framework as conceptual framework, factors concerning individuals' cognitive appraisals of their situation and social resources were examined to explore their association with unmet supportive care needs. The most common unmet supportive care needs included concern about the cancer coming back (51.5%), the need for up-to-date information (49.3%), collaborative management with the medical team (48.8%), and financial support (48.8%). Factors associated with greater strength of unmet supportive care needs included being female, having higher personal support, and higher self-efficacy pertaining to social relationship. Having lower support from family and friends was a contributing factor associated with greater strength of unmet needs in comprehensive cancer care and relationship, as was lower self-efficacy pertaining to uncertainty management associated with greater strength of unmet needs in quality of life, and lower self-efficacy pertaining to health professional interaction associated with greater strength of unmet needs in information. Chinese cancer survivors experience a number of unmet supportive needs. Female and rural cancer survivors, and those with lower social support level and self-efficacy are susceptible to having higher levels of unmet supportive care needs. Consistent information provision and peer support system establishment are two potentially beneficial approaches to meet cancer patients' long-term supportive care needs. Females and rural cancer survivors, those with less support from family and friends, and those with lower self-efficacy in interactions with health professionals and in managing uncertainty are especially at risk for unmet supportive care needs.