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The article deals with the consideration of the most important modern achievements of information technologies. The author of the article makes an attempt to generalize the material concerning the history of creation, the principle of operation and the value of modern information technologies used in various spheres of human life. The article reveals the feasibility of using information technologies. In the end, the author concludes that a person is dependent on modern discoveries in the field of information technology, the patterns of further automation of human activity, and the priority of digital technologies in human life. Статья посвящена рассмотрению одной из социальных проблем современности – загрязнению окружающей среды. Данная проблема рассматривается автором, с одной стороны, как социальная проблема, с другой стороны, как экологическая. В статье анализируются основные виды и источники загрязнения экосистемы Земли. Раскрывая антропогенный характер данной проблемы, автор видит ее решение в изменении отношения общества к экосистеме Земли и росте его экологического сознания.

Цель работы – анализ научной результативности университетов на основе методологии институциональной экономической теории. В ходе исследования применялись методы системного, логического и экономического анализа, при обработке эмпирической информации использовались методы статистического анализа, корреляционного анализа. В результате исследования были идентифицированы институты научной результативности университета, предложены критерии эффективности этих институтов. Университеты Уральского федерального округа были сгруппированы по параметрам качества институтов научной результативности. The work purpose – the analysis of scientific productivity of universities on the basis of methodologies of the institutional economics. During research methods of the system, logical and economic analysis were applied, when processing empirical information methods of the statistical analysis, correlation analysis were used. As a result of research institutions for scientific productivity of university were identified, criteria of efficiency of these institutions are offered. Universities of Ural federal district were grouped in parameters of quality of institutions of scientific productivity (including to existence of effective institutions, institutional traps, institutional dysfunctions). Some dependences between efficiency of institutions of scientific productivity and sources of financing are revealed.

The article is devoted to the processes of knowledge generation at the enterprises of military-industrial complex, which are the leaders of the regional innovative activity. The target of the research is to develop the methodology based on the use of resource application potential for increasing the efficiency of knowledge generation at the instrument-making enterprises of military-industrial complex. The system analysis of the knowledge generation processes is conducted at one of them. It allows to draw a conclusion that such enterprises have a lack of the institutes of knowledge generation processes. The authors are offered a technique of the development of the knowledge generation system at the military-industrial entrprises based on the accounting of assets and opportunities of the enterprise in the realization of intellectual activity. The developed technique is based on the determination of the horizontal resource potential of knowledge generation and allows to determine the potential of resource application at each stage of product life cycle. The comparison of the actual and theoretical values of horizontal resource potential allows to correct the distribution of a share of each of resources within a stage, and therefore, to optimize the realization of tasks at a specific stage. The offered tools were implemented in 2015 at one of the regional military-industrial enterprises. The methodological tools of the research include the methods of expert assessment, mathematical statistics and the institutional analysis. On the basis of the offered technique and received empirical results, the institutional spiral of knowledge generation during the fiiling of state order at the military-industrial enterprise is developed. Its implementation will promote the decrease in the level of uncertainty during the whole life cycle of innovative activity product. The developed institutional spiral of knowledge generation at instrument-making military-industrial enterprises assumes the stimulation of knowledge generation processes at each of the stages of product life cycle. The results of this research can be used for the creation of the knowledge generation scheme as well as for the use of the efficiency increase mechanism of the knowledge generation processes at the enterprises of militaryindustrial complex. © E. V. Popov, M. V. Vlasov, A. Yu. Shishkina, A. V. Yakimova, 2016. Проведен системный анализ процессов генерации знаний на предприятии оборонно-промышленного комплекса. Исследованы функциональные элементы интегрированной методики расчета ресурсного потенциала предприятия. Рассмотрена спираль генерации знаний при выполнении госзаказа. Представлены этапы жизненного цикла изделия. The research has been supported by a Grant of the President of the Russian Federation MD-5743.2016.6 << Influence of sociocultural factors on institutional development of regional innovative system >>.

В статье рассматривается рейтинг субъектов Российской Федерации по различным показателям инновационной деятельности. Проанализированы причины, определяющие положение субъекта в данной позиции. Выявлены и подведены итоги. На основе проведенного исследования автором показано место отдельных субъектов Уральского Федерального округа и в целом его положение в России, достоинства и недостатки каждого региона, пути развития. В рейтингах рассмотрены субъекты по значению российского регионального инновационного индекса и по значению индекса «Социально-экономические условия инновационной деятельности». The article deals with the rating of the Russian Federation on various indicators of innovation. The reasons for defining the position of the subject in this position. Identified and summarized. On the basis of research by the author shows the location of individual subjects of the Urals Federal District and the whole of its position in Russia, the strengths and weaknesses of each region, the path of development. The ratings of the subjects discussed by the value of the Russian regional innovation index and the index value "Socio-economic conditions of innovative activity".