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Precise prediction on vacant parking space (VPS) information plays a vital role in intelligent transportation systems for it helps drivers to find the parking space quickly to reduce unnecessary waste of time and excessive environmental pollution. By analyzing the historical zone-wise VPS data, we find that for the number of VPSs, there is not only a solid temporal correlation within each parking lot, but also an obvious spatial correlation among different parking lots. Given this, this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning framework, known as the dConvLSTM-DCN (dual Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory with Dense Convolutional Network), to make short-term (within 30 min) and long-term (over 30 min) predictions on the VPS availability zone-wisely. Specifically, the temporal correlations of different time scales, namely the 5-min and daily-wise temporal correlations of each parking lot, and the spatial correlations among different parking lots can be effectively captured by the two parallel ConvLSTM components, and meanwhile, the dense convolutional network is leveraged to further improve the propagation and reuse of features in the prediction process. Besides, a two-layer linear network is used to extract the meta-info features to promote the prediction accuracy. For long-term predictions, two methods, namely the direct and iterative prediction methods, are developed. The performance of the prediction model is extensively evaluated with practical data collected from nine public parking lots in Santa Monica. The results show that the dConvLSTM-DCN framework can achieve considerably high accuracy in both short-term and long-term predictions.

Objective:To develop the clinical practice ability evaluation scale for new nurses and test its reliability and validity. Methods: The clinical practice ability prediction test scale of new nurses [1]was formed through literature research, expert meeting, Delphi expert consultation and pre investigation. 578 new nurses were selected by stratified sampling method for investigation and analysis to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: The newly recruited nursing clinical practice ability evaluation scale included 5 dimensions and 45 items; Each item of the new nurses' clinical practice ability evaluation scale has a good differentiation, and the total correlation of each item is 0.437~0.697; Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitting index was good (2/df=1.035, RMSEA=0.008, GFI=0.932, AGFI=0.925, CFI=0.998, TLI=0.998, SRMR=0.028);The calibration correlation validity was 0.831; Content validity: S-CVI=0.93, I-CVI=0.833~1.000; The internal consistency of the scale is fine, the correlation coefficient between the total score of each dimension and the total score of the scale is 0.583~0.861, and the correlation coefficient between the dimensions of the scale is 0.262~0.362; Overall Cronbach's of the scale is 0.946, and the split half reliability is 0.682. Conclusion:The clinical practice ability evaluation scale for new nurses has good reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the clinical practice ability of new nurses.

In China, many special education schools are or have been rebuilt into resource centres. To support the national program of ‘Learning in Regular Classroom’ (LRC), these centres often recruit teache...

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the phenotype and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the general population in China. We analyzed spirometry-confirmed COPD patients who were identified from a population-based, nationally representative sample in China. All participants were measured with airflow limitation severity based on post-bronchodilator FEV1 percent predicted, bronchodilator responsiveness, exacerbation history, and respiratory symptoms. Among a total of 9134 COPD patients, 90.3% were non-exacerbators, 2.9% were frequent exacerbators without chronic bronchitis, 2.0% were frequent exacerbators with chronic bronchitis, and 4.8% were asthma-COPD overlap. Less than 5% of non-exacerbators ever had pulmonary function testing performed. The utilization rate of inhaled medication in non-exacerbators, exacerbators without chronic bronchitis, exacerbators with chronic bronchitis, and asthma-COPD overlap was 1.4, 23.5, 29.5, and 19.4%, respectively. A comprehensive strategy for the management of COPD patients based on phenotype in primary care is urgently needed.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of long non-coding RNA actin fiber-associated protein-1 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA AFAP1-AS1) on the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC).Based on meta-analysis, the association between the expression of AFAP1-AS1 and the prognosis of GC was estimated. GC tissue and non-cancer tissues from 136 patients were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and verified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to analyze the correlation between AFAP1-AS1 expression and GC prognosis.The pooled analysis from five studies revealed that the AFAP1-AS1 expression was significantly associated with GC overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.49 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.02-3.08, p 0.001). Compared with non-cancer tissues, AFAP1-AS1 expression level of GC tissues were significantly upregulated (p 0.001), which was confirmed by the results of GEPIA. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.893, and the high expression of AFAP1-AS1 was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with GC (p = 0.005). Clinical grade (HR = 1.912, 95% CI: 1.246-2.934, p = 0.003), pathologic tumor node metastasis (pTNM) (HR = 2.393, 95% CI: 1.431-4.033, p = 0.001), log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) (HR = 2.910, 95% CI: 1.787-4.793, p 0.001) and AFAP1-AS1 expression (HR = 2.393, 95% CI: 1.869-3.064, p 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for GC revealed by multivariate Cox-regression analysis.This study demonstrated that the AFAP1-AS1 may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC.

A series of hybrid materials comprising porous boron nitride and HKUST-1 (p-BN/HKUST-1) with micropore and mesopore hierarchical structures were successfully prepared by in situ growth method. The ...

Background: The two main causes of body inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute lung injury (ALI) are chronic inflammation and oxidant / antioxidant imbalances. Hydrogen (H2), a gaseous molecule without known toxicity, could react with hydroxyl radical to remove the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both in vivo and vitro studies support the protective effect of hydrogen on injuries caused by oxidative stress and inflammations. Methods: In vivo study, mice were randomly divided into three groups: H2 control group, LPS group and LPS+H2 group. The mice were euthanized at the indicated time points and the specimens were collected. The 72h survival rates, cytokines contents, pathological changes, expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and oxidative stress indicators were observed. In vitro study, according to different culture conditions, RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were divided into the following groups: PBS group, LPS group and LPS+H2 group. The cell Viability, intracellular ROS, cytokines and expression of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were observed. Results: In vivo, the 72h survival rate of hydrogen inhalation mice was increased to 80%, and H2 significantly lighten LPS-induced lung damages and decreased inflammatory cytokine release. Besides, H2 showed remarked anti-oxidative activity to reduce the MDA and NO contents in lung. In vitro, H2 down-regulated the levels of ROS, NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Second, H2 inhibited the expression of TLR4 and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). In summary, these findings supported that H2 attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses, which may be mediated by TLR4-NF-κB pathway.

Background Chronic inflammation and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance are two main pathological features associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The following study investigated the protective role of hydrogen (H2), a gaseous molecule without known toxicity, in LPS-induced lung injury in mice and explored its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods Mice were randomly divided into three groups: H2 control group, LPS group, and LPS + H2 group. The mice were euthanized at the indicated time points, and the specimens were collected. The 72 h survival rates, cytokines contents, pathological changes, expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and oxidative stress indicators were analyzed. Moreover, under different culture conditions, RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of H2 in vitro. Cells were divided into the following groups: PBS group, LPS group, and LPS + H2 group. The cell viability, intracellular ROS, cytokines, and expression of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were observed. Results Hydrogen inhalation increased the survival rate to 80%, reduced LPS-induced lung damage, and decreased inflammatory cytokine release in LPS mice. Besides, H2 showed remarked anti-oxidative activity to reduce the MDA and NO contents in the lung. In vitro data further indicated that H2 down-regulates the levels of ROS, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages and inhibits the expression of TLR4 and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Conclusion Hydrogen gas alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inflammatory response most probably through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly impacts the health of Chinese patients. Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) are used as the standard treatment for patients with RA. However, Chinese patients with RA have reported poor compliance with csDMARDs. This study aims to better understand the safety and compliance of using csDMARDs in RA treatment. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by questionnaires on safety and compliance of csDMARDs in 400 patients with RA and 100 rheumatologists from 13 cities in China. Rheumatologists were from Tier 3 Class A hospitals with independent rheumatology departments, who admitted more than 30 patients with RA per week. All patients were diagnosed for > 3 months before the survey and had been treated with csDMARDs for > 3 months. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) that attributed to csDMARDs estimated by rheumatologists was lower than that reported by patients for all four prescribed csDMARDs. Also, types of common AEs in rheumatologist’s perception differed from those in the patient’s report. Only 86% (116/135) of patients claimed they notified their rheumatologist about AEs, and 40.8% (150/368) of patients did not strictly adhere to their prescribed treatment. Reasons why patients were not compliant with their treatment, other than AEs, included symptoms being less severe, travel, and busy working life/business trips. This study revealed gaps in perceptions of csDMARDs-related AEs and medication adherence between rheumatologists and patients. These findings suggested adequate doctor-patient communications, and considerations of multiple real-world situations may improve adherence in the treatment of RA patients. Key Points• This study identified gaps in rheumatologists’ perception of the prevalence and type of AEs experienced by their patients, which could potentially help them improve their patients’ compliance with treatment.

Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Few studies on its rate were reported throughout China and for populations with chronic diseases. An estimation of the rates in China was accomplished.All data were from a national cross-sectional survey of a sample representing the population aged 40 years or older in mainland China in 2014-15. A total of 74,484 individuals with complete self-reported influenza vaccination status were analyzed in 2018-19.The overall influenza vaccination rate was 2.4% (95% CI 1.4-3.3) with 1.7% (95% CI 1.2-2.2) for the age group 40-59 years and 3.8% (95% CI 1.6-5.9) for the group ≥60 years. The rate was 4.0% (95% CI 2.0-5.9) among people with a chronic disease. People with asthma and people with emphysema had the highest rates (7.1%, 95% CI 3.2-11.0 and 6.6%, 95% CI 3.6-9.7) while people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and people with chronic bronchitis had the lower rates (3.6%, 95% CI 2.0-5.2 and 4.8%, 95% CI 2.6-7.0). The rate was the highest among former smokers (3.3%, 95% CI 2.3-4.4) compared to current smokers (1.8%, 95% CI 0.9-2.7) and never smokers (2.5%, 95% CI 1.4-3.6). People living with finance-reimbursed vaccination policy, a positive factor for vaccination, had a higher vaccination rate (11.5%, 95% CI 10.8-12.2) (p 0.05). People with older age, higher education level, occupation of professionals or technical personnel, living in rural areas or Northern China, former/never smoking were more likely to be vaccinated (p 0.05).The influenza vaccination rate is low among adults aged ≥40 years, those ≥60 years and those with chronic diseases in China. Reimbursement policy targeting the elderly should be implemented widely and strategies towards patients with chronic diseases need urgent attention to increase the influenza vaccination coverage.

Purpose: COPD prevalence has rapidly increased in China, but the geographical disparities in COPD prevalence remain largely unknown. This study aimed to assess city-level disparities in COPD prevalence and identify the relative importance of COPD related risk factors in mainland China. Patients and Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study of COPD recruited 66,752 adults across the mainland China between 2014 and 2015. Patients with COPD were ascertained by a post-bronchodilator pulmonary function test. We estimated the city-specific prevalence of COPD by spatial kriging interpolation method. We detected spatial clusters with a significantly higher prevalence of COPD by spatial scan statistics. We determined the relative importance of COPD associated risk factors by a nonparametric and nonlinear classification and regression tree (CART) model. Results: The three spatial clusters with the highest prevalence of COPD were located in parts of Sichuan, Gansu, and Shaanxi, etc. (relative risks (RRs)) ranging from 1.55 (95% CI 1.55–1.56) to 1.33 (95% CI 1.33–1.33)). CART showed that advanced age (≥60 years) was the most important factor associated with COPD in the overall population, followed by smoking. We estimated that there were about 28.5 million potentially avoidable cases of COPD among people aged 40 or older if they never smoked. PM2.5 was an important associated risk factor for COPD in the north, northeast, and southwest of China. After adjusting for age and smoking, the spatial cluster with the highest prevalence shifted to most of Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia, etc. (RR 1.65 (95% CI 1.63–1.67)). Conclusion: The spatial clusters of COPD at the city level and regionally varied important risk factors for COPD would help develop tailored interventions for COPD in China. After adjusting for the main risk factors, the spatial clusters of COPD shifted, indicating that there would be other potential risk factors for the remaining clusters which call for further studies.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constitutes the most significant air pollutant that causes health risks. However, the mechanism(s) underlying PM2.5-induced male reproductive injury has not been clarified. In the present study we explored whether PM2.5 activated the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK)/autophagy-signaling pathway, and whether this pathway mediated reproductive injury in male rats. We established a male Sprague–Dawley rat model of PM2.5 (1.5 mg/kg) exposure-induced reproductive injury, and observed the intervention effects of STF083010 (an IRE1 inhibitor, 1 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of exposure, reproductive injury-related indicators and IRE1-cascade protein expression were analyzed. Our results showed that sperm quality and serum testosterone level significantly decreased and apoptotic index increased after exposure to PM2.5. After STF083010 intervention, sperm quality and serum testosterone level were significantly improved, while the apoptotic index was reduced. Under light microscopy, we observed that the structure of spermatogenic cells in the PM2.5 group was loose, and that the numbers of spermatogenic cells and mature spermatozoa were reduced. After STF083010 intervention, the structural damage to spermatogenic cells was improved, and the number of cells shed was reduced. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of IRE1, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)II/LC3I proteins was significantly upregulated, and that the expression of p62 protein was significantly downregulated in the PM2.5 group. The concomitant administration of STF083010 significantly antagonized the aforementioned adverse effects. STF083010 exerted specific protective effects on reproductive injury-related effects in male rats exposed to PM2.5, with effects mediated via IRE1/JNK/autophagy signaling.

Aims PMNs (polymorphonuclear neutrophil) play important roles in early stage of inflammation induced ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). Both HBP (Heparin-Binding Protein) released from active PMNs and β2 integrins on the surface of PMNs are involved in vascular leakage. The role and relationship of HBP and β2 integrins on ARDS still requires study. Materials and methods We established ARDS model using C57BL/6 mice with cecal ligation and puncture and eliminating HBP and β2 integrin with respective antibodies. The mice were also challenged with HBP endotracheal instillation. Histopathology score, lung wet/dry ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, plasma HBP and β2 integrin on PMNs from all groups were measured. β2 integrin and HBP were analyzed after incubated PMNs with streptococcal and pretreat with anti-CD18, anti-HBP, 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. Key findings All lung injury indicatrix accompanied with HBP and β2 integrin elevated in CLP group, and HBP and β2 integrin were in correlation with each other and both were in correlation with the severity of lung injury. Endotracheal instillation HBP induced lung injury in CLP mice. Inhibiting both HBP and integrin ameliorated lung injury. HBP release was suppressed by inhibiting integrin and PI3K pathway, while integrin level did not decrease after eliminating HBP. Significance Both HBP and β2 integrin play important roles in ARDS. HBP released from PMNs is β2 integrin-PI3K signaling pathway dependent process revealing potential novel therapeutic targets for ARDS treatment.

This article reports the study design, methodological issues and early results of a pilot study testing methods for collecting nutrition, physical activity, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure data in a groundbreaking study in China. Epidemiological studies suggest that exposures across the entire life course, including in utero, early childhood, and adolescence, may be important in the etiology of adult cancers and other chronic diseases. The Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study intends to follow-up subjects from the 1993 to 1995 Community Intervention Program of folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects. This cohort is unique in that only folic acid exposure during pregnancy varies between groups as other supplements were not available, and there were nutrient deficiencies in the populations. Prior to launching a large-scale follow-up effort, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of recontacting original study participants to collect extensive diet, physical activity, and UV radiation exposure data in this population. The pilot study included 92 mothers and 184 adolescent children aged 14 to 17 years from 1 urban and 1 rural Community Intervention Program site. Subjects completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire, a 3-day food record, a physical activity questionnaire, a 3-day sun exposure diary together with 3 days of personal UV dosimetry, and 7 days of pedometry measurements and provided blood, saliva, and toenail samples. Grip strength and body composition measurements were taken, and ambient solar UV radiation was monitored in both study sites. While most of the assessments were successful, future studies would likely require different dietary intake instruments. The purpose of this report is to describe the study design and methodological issues emerging from this pilot work relevant for the follow-up of this large birth cohort.

Winter wheat fallow policy has a greater effect on water resource management, and the water-saving effect in the fallow process of winter wheat can provide data support for precise water resource utilization planning. In order to evaluate the water resource consumption of winter wheat and the related effect from winter wheat fallow, this study searched the changing trends of cultivated land evapotranspiration under five different scenarios through the object-oriented extraction method and a SEBS model based on multi-source data. The results indicated that the evapotranspiration during winter wheat growing period was higher than that of winter wheat fallow land, and there was no big difference in evapotranspiration between the fallow land during harvesting and the emergence of new crops. The evapotranspiration of winter wheat was higher than that of various fallow land, and the evapotranspiration of abandoned land was higher than other fallow land in the winter wheat growing season. From this point, this study concludes that the fallow land policy can effectively reduce evapotranspiration during the growing of winter wheat, which is conducive to the sustainable exploiting of water resources.

// Fujiao Duan 1, 2, 6 , Weigang Liu 3 , Xiaoli Fu 2 , Yajing Feng 2, 4 , Liping Dai 2, 6 , Shuli Cui 5 and Zhenxing Yang 1 1 Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2 College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 3 Medical Record Statistics Office, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China 4 Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 5 College of Professional Study, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 6 Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Correspondence to: Fujiao Duan, email: fjduan@yeah.net Zhenxing Yang, email: yangzhenxing59@126.com Keywords: miR-148/152 family, prognosis, cancer, systems assessment Received: July 14, 2017 Accepted: August 27, 2017 Published: September 11, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: The prognostic significance of MicroRNA-148/152 (miR-148/152) family expression in various cancers has been investigated by many studies with inconsistent results. To address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify this relationship. Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were recruited by a systematic literature search and assessed the quality of included studies based on Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival/progressive free survival/recurrence free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS) were calculated to estimate the effects of miR-148/152 family expression on prognosis. Results: A final total of 23 articles (26 studies) were considered in evidence synthesis. A significant association was observed between low miR-148a level and poor OS in patients (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14 – 2.20, P = 0.00), especially with digestive tract cancer (DTC) (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.63, P = 0.03), and another significant association was observed between low miR-148b level and poor OS in patients (HR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.70–2.56, P = 0.00), especially with (hepatocellular carcinoma) HCC (HR = 1.97, 95% Cl: 1.52–2.56, P = 0.00) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR = 2.29, 95% Cl: 1.64–3.18, P = 0.00). The significant correlation between miR-152 and DFS/RFS was found in our research (HR = 3.49, 95% Cl: 1.13–10.08, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that low miR-148/152 family expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis and may be a feasible prognostic biomarker in some cancers, especially in HCC and NSCLC.

Previous studies showed that microRNA-214 (miR-214) may act as a prognostic biomarker of cancer. However, the available evidence is controversial. This study summarizes evidence and evaluates the prognostic role of miR-214 in various cancers. We carried out a systematic literature review and assessed the quality of included studies based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Criteria and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival/progressive free survival/recurrence free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS) were calculated to measure the effective value of miR-214 expression on prognosis. Thirteen studies were included in pooled analysis. We found that miR-214 was significantly correlated with OS (HR=2.21, 95%CI: 1.33-3.68, P=0.00), no significant difference was found with DFS/PFS/RFS (HR=1.73, 95%CI: 0.78-3.83, P=0.18) in various carcinomas. In subgroup analysis, higher expression of miR-214 was significantly associated with poor OS in Asians (HR=2.27, 95%CI: 1.09-4.73, P=0.00) and Caucasians (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.47-3.30, P=0.00). On the contrary, high miR-214 expression significantly predicted favorable DFS/PFS/RFS (HR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.31-0.82, P=0.00) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group. Our data indicates that high miR-214 could be a promising biomarker for prognosis prediction of cancer. However, further clinical studies are needed for the current insufficient relevant data.

Background Emerging evidence shows that microRNA-130 (miRNA-130) family may be useful as prognostic biomarkers in cancer. However, there is no confirmation in an independent validation study. The aim of this study was to summarize the prognostic value of miRNA-130 family (miRNA-130a and miRNA-130b) for survival in patients with cancer. Methods The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength between miRNA-130 family expression and prognosis. Kaplan–Meier plotters were used to verify the miRNA-130b expression and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 2141 patients with OS and 1159 patients with disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed in evidence synthesis. For the miRNA-130a, the overall pooled effect size (HR) was HR 1.58 (95% CI: 1.21–2.06, P P = 0.009; HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.14–2.38, P = 0.008), and in gastric cancer (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.34–2.45, P P P P P = 0.004). The expression of miRNA-130b was significantly correlated with DFS/PFS (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.31–1.77, P P P P P = 0.0045). Conclusion The high expression of miRNA-130 family might predict poor prognosis in cancer patients. Prospectively, combining miRNA-130a and miRNA-130b may be considered as powerful prognostic predictor for clinical application.

Background Few studies in China have examined personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure using polysulfone dosimetry. Methods In this study, 93 mother and adolescent child pairs (N = 186) from two locations in China, one rural (higher latitude) and one urban (lower latitude), completed 3 days of personal UVR dosimetry and a sun/clothing diary, as part of a larger pilot study. Results The average daily ambient UVR in each location as measured by dosimetry was 20.24 Minimal Erythemal Doses (MED) in the rural location and 20.53 MED in the urban location. Rural mothers had more average daily time outdoors than urban mothers (5.5 h, compared with 1.5 h, in urban mothers) and a much higher daily average personal UVR exposure (4.50 MED, compared with 0.78 MED in urban mothers). Amongst adolescents, rural males had the highest average daily personal UVR exposure, followed by rural females, urban females and urban males (average 2.16, 1.05, 0.81, and 0.48 MED, respectively). Conclusions Although based on small numbers, our findings show the importance of geographic location, age, work/school responsibilities, and sex of the adolescents in determining personal UVR exposure in China. These results suggest that latitude of residence may not be a good proxy for personal UVR exposure in all circumstances.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Quality assessment of included studies based on the Newcastleâ Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of cohort studies.

Additional file 2: Table S2 Publication bias of miRNA-130 family for Beggâ s test and Eggerâ s test.

// Yajing Feng 1 , Fujiao Duan 2 , Chunhua Song 3 , Xia Zhao 2 , Liping Dai 3 , Shuli Cui 4 1 Department of Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P.R.China 2 Department of Hospital Infection Management, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, P.R.China 3 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P.R.China 4 College of Professional Study, Northeastern University, Boston, 02215 Massachusetts, USA Correspondence to: Yajing Feng, e-mail: grglfyj@163.com Fujiao Duan, e-mail: fjduan@yeah.net Keywords: miR-149, miR-27a, cancer, susceptibility, systematic evaluation Received: November 05, 2015 Accepted: February 24, 2016 Published: March 14, 2016 ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to provide a precise quantification for the association between miR-149 T > C (rs2292832) and miR-27a A > G (rs895819) and the risk of cancer. We conducted a systematic literature review and evaluated the quality of included studies based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strengths of the associations. We identified 40 studies for pooled analyses. Overall, the results demonstrated that the rs2292832 polymorphism was subtly decrease the risk of breast cancer (CT + CC vs TT: OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98, P = 0.03; CC vs CT + TT: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68–0.93, P = 0.00), and the rs895819 polymorphism wasassociated with significantly increased cancer risk in the Asian population (AG + GG vs AA: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.50, P = 0.02) and in colorectal cancer subgroup (GG vs AA: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10–1.92, P = 0.00; AG + GG vs AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15–1.58, P = 0.00; GG vs AG + AA: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77, P = 0.02). In addition, a subtly decreased risk was observed in the Caucasian population and in breast cancer subgroup. In conclusion, the rs2292832 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk, and the rs895819 polymorphism contributes to the susceptibility of colorectal and breast cancer.

Background Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of microRNA-124 abnormalities involving gene expression, methylation, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in multiple and diverse cancers, but the prognostic value of these abnormalities in cancer remains inconclusive. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of miR-124 in cancer. Methods We scrutinized the electronic databases and estimate the association between miR-124 expression, methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and prognosis in cancers. The pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (RFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated to estimate the effects of miR-124 expression, methylation, and SNPs on cancer prognosis. The Quality in Prognosis Studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were utilized to assess the quality of included studies. Results A total of 20 studies involving 3,574 participants were analyzed in evidence synthesis. Our findings showed that the low expression of miR-124 was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.91–2.94, P = 0.00; HR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.04–4.70, P = 0.00) and PFS/RFS (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.50–3.26, P = 0.00; HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.20–3.74, P = 0.00). The hyper-methylation of miR-124 was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.48–2.95, P = 0.00) and PFS (HR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.72–7.97, P = 0.00) (Table 3). The patients carrying with Allele C of miR-124 rs5315649 had a worse OS (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09–2.07, P = 0.00) and PFS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.20–2.33, P = 0.00) than the carriers with Allele G. Conclusion The low expression and hyper-methylation of miR-124 was strongly associated with poor prognosis, and genetic variations of miR-124 rs531564 affected prognosis in cancer patients.

Summary Background Because of the rapid change in economic development and lifestyle in China, and the ageing population, concerns have grown that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could become epidemic. An up-to-date nationwide estimation of COPD prevalence in China is needed. Methods We did a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of individuals from mainland China aged 40 years or older. The primary outcome was COPD, defined according to the 2017 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) lung function criteria. Findings Between Dec 29, 2014, and Dec 31, 2015, 66 752 adults were recruited to the study population. The estimated standardised prevalence of COPD was 13·6% (95% CI 12·0–15·2). The prevalence of COPD differed significantly between men and women (19·0%, 95% CI 16·9–21·2 vs 8·1%, 6·8–9·3; p

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) became epidemic in China. Little is known regarding its geographic and population disparities. The study aimed to identify the spatial distributions of COPD and detect the high-order interactive effect of key drivers in COPD prevalence in China. Methods: A nationally representative survey of COPD recruited 66,752 adults aged 40 years or older across mainland China. City-specific COPD prevalence was estimated by spatial kriging interpolation. Classification and regression tree model, a machine learning method, was used to assess the high-order interaction of risk factors and detect the high-risk population. Spatial cluster analysis was used to detect the high risk clusters based on difference drivers. Findings: Predicted COPD prevalence varied from 8·7% (95% CI 8·6-8·8) in Ali prefecture, Tibet to 21·8% (95% CI 21·6-22·0) in Deyang city, Sichuan. Among capital cities, the COPD prevalence in Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai ranked 5th, 10th and 19th, respectively. Age, smoking and asthma were the three most important drivers of COPD. People aged 60 years or older with the history of smoking and asthma had the highest COPD prevalence (67·6% (95% CI 59·5-79·0)). The geographic patterns of predicted COPD prevalence were generally persistent based on identified drivers, but the levels of COPD prevalence varied substantially in different population. For population without the key drivers, six main clusters of COPD were detected including Sichuan, Gansu, and Qinghai, etc. (relative risk (RR) 1·70 (95% CI 1·54-1·87)). Interpretation: COPD prevalence presents striking heterogeneity in China. More than one third of the elderly who had the history of smoking were patients with COPD. If they had never smoked, the number of the elderly with COPD would decrease by 15·6 million. Funding Statement: the Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China (National Key R&D Program of China: 2016YFC1303905), The Chinese central government (Key project of public health program, Grant No. 2014814). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol was approved by the ethical review committee of the National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. The written inform consents were obtained from all participants.

Background: Data on prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to sporadic gastric cancer have been published at a growing pace. However, there has been no comprehensive quantitative overview has been available. We aim to investigate the association between the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), clinicopathological factors and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods: We explored correlation of lncRNA with clinicopathological features and prognosis. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS)/Disease Specific Survival (DSS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated to estimate the association strength. Results: Literature search identified 80 eligible studies comprising 2205 cases which investigated senven gastric cancer associated clinicopathological factors. Overall, a significant association was observed between high lncRNAs level and poor OS in patients with gastric cancer (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.31-1.63, P

Attitudes, knowledge, and skills are widely recognised as the three pillars of professional competence of inclusive education teachers. Studies emerging from the Chinese context consider these three pillars important for the practice of Learning in Regular Classroomsan idiosyncratic Chinese form of inclusive education. Our mixed methods study reveals that agency is the fourth pillar of the professional competence for inclusive education teachers in Beijing, China. Results from comparative analysis indicate that the level of teachers' agency is significantly lower than that of their attitudes, knowledge, and skills. We offer some implications for policy and practice in inclusive education. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Special education in China has lagged behind regular education for many years, however, the past few decades, the government has made considerable efforts to develop and improve the special education system. While the citizens of China have had a generic moral interest in disability since ancient times, the development of special education schools did not occur until American and European missionaries started schools for the visually and hearing impaired in the 19th century. The next major influence in the development of the special education system occurred with China’s Cultural Revolution in 1978. Interestingly, there is not any exclusive legislation on special education but in the 1980s, the government started Learning in Regular Classrooms (LRC), which is China’s version of inclusion. LRC has progressed rapidly the past two decades; however, the quality of instruction is low due to a lack of specialists, a shortage of personnel, inadequate funding, and limited technology as well as other barriers that are delineated in the chapter. The chapter emphasizes the government’s recent efforts in in-service teacher training, the preparation of preservice teachers, working with families, developing community rehabilitation training programs, and implementing evidence-based practices. Special education in China today is at a good place but it has quite a way from the ideal situation.

Background: Mounting evidence showed that microRNAs may be useful as prognostic biomarkers of cancer. Therefore, we summarize the predictive role of microRNA-218 (miR-218) for survival in patients with various cancers. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and assessed the quality of included studies based on Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology group (MOOSE). Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the correlation between miR-218 expression and prognosis of different cancers. Results: We identified 10 studies for pooled analyses. For overall survival, a lower expression levels of miR-218 significantly predicted poorer survival, with the pooled HR of 2.61 (95% CI: 2.11–3.22, P

Although Berberine (BER) is popular in treating gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, its mechanisms are not clear yet. In order to investigate the effects and possible mechanism of BER on GI motility in rodents, we first explored GI motility by recording the myoelectrical activity of jejunum and colon in rats, and upper GI transit with a charcoal marker in mice. Then, the plasma levels of gastrin, motilin, somatostatin and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (Glp-1) were measured by ELISA or radioimmunoassay (RIA). Furthermore, endogenous opioid-peptides (β-endorphin, dynorphin-A, met-enkephalin) were detected by RIA after treatment with BER. Our results showed that BER concentration-dependently inhibited myoelectrical activity and GI transit, which can be antagonized by opioid-receptor antagonists to different extents. The elevated somatostatin and Glp-1, and decreased gastrin and motilin in plasma, which were caused by BER application, also could be antagonized by the opioid-receptor antagonists. Additionally, plasma level of β-endorphin, but not dynorphin-A and met-enkephalin, was increased by applying BER. Taken together, these studies show that BER plays inhibiting roles on GI motility and up-regulating roles on somatostatin, Glp-1 and down-regulating roles on gastrin, motilin. The pharmacological mechanisms of BER on GI motility and plasma levels of GI hormones were discovered to be closely related to endogenous opioid system.

To explore the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of inlet and outlet water of a sewage treatment plant in Zhengzhou to provide scientific basis for the safety of sewage reuse.Inlet water, secondary and tertiary processed outlet water were collected from the sewage treatment plant. Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the inlet and outlet water were detected by luminescent bacteria toxicity test and Vicia faba root tip cell micronucleus test, respectively.The luminosity inhibition rates of luminescent bacteria by inlet water, secondary and tertiary processed outlet water were (33.96 +/- 7.51)%, (14.32 +/- 7.36)% and (7.24 +/- 5.58)%, and the micronucleus rates were (12.67 +/- 2.08) per thousand, (6.33 +/- 1.53) per thousand and (2.67 +/- 0.58) per thousand, respectively. The pollution levels of these three samples were heavy, mild and scarce, respectively. The inhibition rates of luminescent bacteria by the secondary and tertiary processed water were significantly lower than that of inlet water (F = 12.159, P = 0.008). A similar result was observed for micronucleus rate (F = 56.850, P0.001).The acute toxicity and genotoxicity of processed water were decreased greatly. However, some potential ecological risks of the processed water still existed for environment.

To explore removal effect of riverside pumping project on microcystins in the Yellow River.In the summer and autumn of 2008, water samples of the Yellow River and five selected tube-wells in "9 x 5" beach of riverside pumping project were collected and microcystin contents in water were determined using ELISA.Microcystin contents in water in the Yellow River were less than microcystin-LR reference value in Drinking Water Standards. The average contents of the autumn of microcystins were more higher than those of the summer (P0.01). Microcystins contents of five tube-wells were more lower than those of the Yellow River. Removal effect of riverside pumping project on microcystins has nothing to do with the distance from the trunk of the Yellow River.Riverside pumping project has a good removal efficiency on microcystins.