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Latitudinal variation in egg size and number in anadromous masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou was examined. Relatively greater variation in egg size occurred among rivers than among females within rivers or within females. Egg size was generally greater and egg number generally lower at more northerly latitudes.

To visualize the simulation and experimental data, the fluid dynamics scientists and engineers have to possess a powerful visualization engine with CG package in their laboratories. We developed a Problem Solving Environment (PSE) system called "PIV Web Visualization System" to solve this obstacle, using computational grid common service tool "Globus", programming language Java and Java Servlet. This system has "Grid Portal" which enables us to view the visualization resources on the networks as a unified whole and can be accessed around the world through the Internet, and it combines PIV engine "KMU-PIV" on visualization server in Korea Maritime University with a nonlinear video editing system on Kanazawa University as a real application.

The results of meson and baryon spectroscopy composed of charm and strange quarks are reported by the use of quenched Wilson fermions on a 323 x 48 lattice at β = 6.3. Ground state hadrons composed of two or three quarks with different hopping parameters, in a region κ = 0.13 to 0.15, are measured. It is found that their masses are well described by a quadratic polynomial in terms of multi-1/κ variables in this region. Adjusting vector meson mass ratios between (ss), (sc) and (cc), the hopping parameters of strange quark and charm quark are determined to be κs = 0.14999(22) and κc = 0.13548(82) without chiral extrapolation. Masses of not yet observed ssc, scc and ccc baryons in GeV are estimated to be 2.778 ± 0.0]6 (ssc), 3.858 ± 0.015 (scc) for (12)+ and 2.813 ± 0.167 (ssc), 3.869 ± 0.055 (scc) 4.880 ± 0.017 (ccc) for (3/2)+. As for the meson spin splitting structure, the quenched Wilson spectrum is more degenerate in comparison with real hadrons, as already pointed out by many authors.

A parallelization study of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) simulation on a non-dedicated MIMD computer, Fujitsu AP1000, is reported. The AP1000 is a highly parallel computer with distributed memory. Data communication is fast not only among the nearest neighbor processing units, but also between widely separated ones. We study SU(3) quenched QCD simulation with lattice sizes of 324 and 323 × 48, on the 512-processor AP1000, and report parallelization techniques and physical results for a renormalization group study and hadron spectroscopy. The AP1000 is efficient for these QCD simulations and shows good performance. A bottleneck occurs in the current simulation as data is passed to the front-end processor for storage.

We study the autocorrelation time of blocked loops on 8 4 , 16 4 and 32 4 lattices in pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory over a wide range of β (= 6/ g 2 ) with high statistics. The critical exponent of integrated autocorrelation time by hybrid overrelaxation updating with fixed mixing ratio is found to be 1.74 ± 0.06. This suggests that the overrelaxation still suffer from critical slowing down toward the continuum limit.

We present very precise results from the MCRG analysis on large lattices performed in the frame of the QCD-TARO collaboration using the highly parallel computer AP1000 of Fujitsu. We find good scaling behavior of pure SU(3) theory with strong non-perturbative effects in the range 6 β

We present the QCD-TARO program of calculations which uses the parallel computer AP1000 of Fujitsu. We discuss the results on scaling, correlation times and hadronic spectrum, some aspects of the implementation and the future prospects.

Cerebellar hypoplasia characterized by severe depletion of granule cells and almost intact Purkinje cells was found in a male 19-month-old beagle dog used in a toxicity study. Microscopically, there was a narrow space lacking granule cells between the row of Purkinje cells and the medulla. Gliosis was not seen in any portion of the cerebellum including this space. No significant changes were seen in the Purkinje cells except for occasional cytoplasmic vacuolation. In the molecular layer and medulla, no histopathological abnormalities were observed.

Monte Carlo renormalization group analysis on SU(3) lattice at large β is studied. On 32 4 lattice, coupling shift Δβ is 0.48 ± 0.02 and 0.53 ± 0.02 at β =6.55 and 6.80, where the lattice remains in confinement phase. Δβ is approaching its 2-loop asymptotic scaling value. However, deviation is still 20% and 13% at β =6.55 and 6.80, respectively. We also report high statistics data on 16 4 lattice at β =6.80, giving Δβ = .52 ± 0.03 in the deconfined regime.

Quenched Wilson hadron spectroscopy at β = 6.3 has been studied by using parallel computer AP1000. Spectrum of hadrons composed of various combinations of hopping parameters are measured on 32 3 × 48 and 16 3 × 48 lattices. We report results of spatial size effects based on various hadron masses. Dependence on boundary conditions along the temporal direction is also examined and discussed.

We have performed high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on quasi-one-dimensional indium chains on the Si(111) surface to study the temperature-induced metal-insulator (MI) transition accompanied by the $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ to $8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ structural change. The band dispersion near ${E}_{F}$ shows an abrupt change at $120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, giving a relatively large energy gap compared to the energy scale of the transition temperature. The band dispersion of the $8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ phase shows no discernible temperature evolution, in sharp contrast to the conventional simple Peierls or structural transition. The experimental results suggest that the Peierls instability is important in the MI transition, while other structural effects are cooperatively involved.

Recently, there have been demands for greater functional diversity and higher performance in the information technology infrastructure. As a result, the complexity and scale of product design in the product development phase have increased. In addition, development periods need to be reduced so products can be marketed sooner. These requirements have rapidly increased the need to simulate and analyze efficiently in order to achieve optimum designs and verification. At the same time, the needs to do massive simulations effectively become large to avoid the risks in financial business. To satisfy these requirements, there are some technical issues to be solved. For this purpose, CyberGRIP has been developed as grid problem solving environments to realize the virtualization of heterogeneous distributed computing resources. This paper describes the detail explanation of CyberGRIP, its concrete applications and results for the product development in manufacturing industries and for the currency option in financial business

A middleware named EnGrid for distributed computing has been developed. The EnGrid employs the notion of pure peer-to-peer (P2P) for ease of use, not for sharing computer resources across the world as in conventional P2P. We have also developed three PSE systems on EnGrid for civil engineering applications: parameter sweep system for finite element method (FEM), parameter optimization system for FEM, and the visualization system for geological sections of 3 dimensional models. We show that the calculation time of these systems can be shortened by distributed computing on EnGrid. Due to its general nature, EnGrid will be useful not only for civil engineering but also in other fields as well

Desk Side Laboratory (DSLab), which allows scientists and engineers in geographically different locations to do state-of-the-art research and development through Internet on their Web browsers, has been developed only using commodity products. It has an easy-to-use user interface. It has been found that, when applied to an optimization design of mobile communication system, DSLab is very useful to determine optimization parameters in real time and can yield the results with high reliability in a short time. It has been expected that DSLab is useful for an interdisciplinary approach of state-of-the-art research and development

How primers are specific to target base sequences containing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is considered as the key to SNP analysis. In this study, we have attempt to develop a high-accuracy primer design. For that purpose, we have developed problem solving environment (PSE) on grid system and established an environment to execute Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) genome-widely. We have applied this primer design system in the PSE to drug-metabolizing enzyme and verified that this new design method generated highly accurate primers compared with the existing methods by means of computation and experiment. We have also developed a work/low system for the PSE on the grid system and achieved remarkable improvement in efficiency of the primer design. The new method have achieved more than 10 times efficiency compared with the existing methods

It has been shown that a pressurized water boiling (PWB) at 2 atmospheric pressures and 120 °C in an autoclave vessel accelerates significantly hydrogenation and neutralization of B acceptors in Si. Compared with boiling at atmospheric pressure, PWB reduces more the free‐hole IR absorption and increases more the sheet resistivity in B implanted p+ layer on n‐type substrate. An IR absorption of B–H stretching vibration (∼1907 cm−1) has been detected at 16 K for a p+ layer which was PWB processed for only 6 h. Concentration increase of H‐related species in water and faster diffusion of H in Si at higher temperature may be the cause. In contrast with other hydrogenation techniques, water boiling hardly passivates donors in Si even for 10 h PWB.

We report our analysis of MCRG study where we employ an improved blocking scheme and present our first trial to determine effective coupling constants obtained on the blocked lattices.

We discuss problems related to the analysis of finite temperature general mesonic correlators and provide preliminary results on the pion wave function and dispersion law in quenched QCD at T ⋍ 0.9 Tc.

We briefly summarize our results of quenched Wilson hadron spectroscopy at β = 6.3 on a 323 × 48 lattice. The spectrum of pseudo scalar and vector mesons, (1/2)+ and (3/2)+ baryons composed of up, down, strange and charm quarks are presented. A decrease of mass splitting between (1/2)+ and (3/2)+ baryons is observed when heavy quark masses increase, as in the case of the mass difference between pseudo scalar and vector masses.

Results of our autocorrelation measurement performed on Fujitsu AP1000 are reported. We analyze (i) typical autocorrelation time, (ii) optimal mixing ratio between overrelaxation and pseudo-heatbath and (iii) critical behavior of autocorrelation time around cross-over region with high statistic in wide range of $\beta$ for pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory on $8^4$, $16^4$ and $32^4$ lattices. For the mixing ratio K, small value (3-7) looks optimal in the confined region, and reduces the integrated autocorrelation time by a factor 2-4 compared to the pseudo-heatbath. On the other hand in the deconfined phase, correlation times are short, and overrelaxation does not seem to matter For a fixed value of K(=9 in this paper), the dynamical exponent of overrelaxation is consistent with 2 Autocorrelation measurement of the topological charge on $32^3 \times 64$ lattice at $\beta$ = 6.0 is also briefly mentioned., Comment: 3 pages of A4 format including 7-figures

We report the first results of a hadron spectrum measurement by the QCD_TARO Collaboration with the massively parallel computer AP1000. The main memory of AP1000 is currently 8Gbytes (final goal : 16 Gbytes), which allows us to treat rather large lattices. We measure the quenched Wilson spectrum on a 323 × 48 lattice at β = 6.3. We obtain a good agreement with an empirical curve on the Edinburgh plot.

We report results of a Monte Crlo renormalization group study with b = 2 blocking on a 34 4 lattice in progress. Δβ at β = 6.8 is consistent with previously obtained values at a large β and is smaller than the two-loop asymptotic value.

The finite temperature transition of QCD can be seen as a change in the structure of the hadrons and as a symmetry breaking transition -- a change in the structure of the vacuum. These phenomena are observed differently and carry complementary information. We aim at a correlated analysis involving hadronic correlators and the vacuum structure including field and density correlations, both non-trivial questions., Comment: 3 pages, Talk presented at LATTICE96(finite temperature)

The scaling behavior of pure gauge SU(3) in the region $\beta=5.85 - 7.60$ is examined by a Monte Carlo Renormalization Group analysis. The coupling shifts induced by factor 2 blocking are measured both on 32$^4$ and 16$^4$ lattices with high statistics. A systematic deviation from naive 2-loop scaling is clearly seen. The mean field and effective coupling constant schemes explain part, but not all of the deviation. It can be accounted for by a suitable change of coupling constant, including a correction term ${\cal O}(g^7)$ in the 2-loop lattice $\beta$-function. Based on this improvement, $\sqrt{\sigma}/\Lambda_{\overline {MS}}^{n_f=0}$ is estimated to be $2.2(\pm 0.1)$ from the analysis of the string tension $\sigma$., Comment: 4 pages of A4 format including 7-postscript figures

We measure the sweep-to-sweep autocorrelations of blocked loops below and above the deconfinement transition for SU(3) on a $16^4$ lattice using 20000-140000 Monte-Carlo updating sweeps. A divergence of the autocorrelation time toward the critical $\beta$ is seen at high blocking levels. The peak is near $\beta$ = 6.33 where we observe 440 $\pm$ 210 for the autocorrelation time of $1\times 1$ Wilson loop on $2^4$ blocked lattice. The mixing of 7 Brown-Woch overrelaxation steps followed by one pseudo-heat-bath step appears optimal to reduce the autocorrelation time below the critical $\beta$. Above the critical $\beta$, however, no clear difference between these two algorithms can be seen and the system decorrelates rather fast., Comment: 4 pages of A4 format including 6-figures

Glomerular lesions in WBN/Kob male rats with spontaneous diabetes were examined histopathologically. The glomerulopathy caused by diabetes was compared with lesions in chronic progressive nephropathy of non-diabetic SD and F344 male aged rats. Diffuse and global thickening of the mesangial area was observed only in WBN/Kob rats and showed a statistically significant correlation with serum glucose concentrations. Therefore, it suggested that the mesangial thickening was a result of hyperglycaemia. Fibrin cap-like lesions were seen in both WBN/Kob and non-diabetic SD or F344 male rats. The severity of these lesions was closely related to that of chronic progressive nephropathy and, therefore, the fibrin cap-like lesions were considered to be due to the chronic progressive nephropathy.

We report results of Monte Carlo simulations of full QCD on a small lattice (4∗∗4) by an exact algorithm at β=4.9, 5.1 and 5.3. We use dynamical Wilson fermions and observe phase transitions which can be interpreted as a confining-deconfining transition; they are accompanied with rapid change of . Performance of our program on VP400E is discussed.

A bacterium isolated from activated sludge formed a visible floc and also produced an exoenzyme that could bring about deflocculation. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that the cells were embedded in a film mesh in the floc, which disappeared after treatment with the deflocculating enzyme. Polysaccharides isolated from the floc were fractionated into three fractions by diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, whereas those from the free cells were fractionated into only two fractions. The missing fraction was a mucopolysaccharide composed of glucosamine, glucose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose and was hydrolyzed to oligosaccharides by the deflocculating enzyme. The other two fractions were resistant to the enzyme. These results show that the mesh structure of the floc is dependent on a mucopolysaccharide hydrolyzed by the deflocculating enzyme.

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed in order to simulate the process of the molecular-beam epitaxy for two-component Lennard-Jones systems where the atomic size of the incident beam is different from that of the substrate. A drastic but systematic change is observed in the overlayer growth pattern as the size difference changes. Effects of the substrate temperature on the overlayer growth pattern are also studied.

An automatic apparatus to study a fatigue process has been developed in which changes in internal friction and elastic modulus of specimens can be measured in situ during the progress of fatigue.

The mean spherical model (MSM) equation has been solved for the aquare-well potential. Comparison of the MSM results with the simulation results shows the MSM radial distribution function and energy to be satisfactory in the liquid states.