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We investigate structure of C Λ 13 and discuss the difference and similarity between the structures of C 12 and C Λ 13 by answering the questions if the linear-chain and gaslike cluster states, which are proposed to appear in C 12 , survives, or new structure states appear or not. We introduce a microscopic cluster model called, Hyper-Tohsaki–Horiuchi–Schuck–Ropke (H-THSR) wave function, which is an extended version of the THSR wave function so as to describe Λ hypernuclei. We obtained two bound states and two resonance (quasi-bound) states for J π = 0 + in C Λ 13 , corresponding to the four 0 + states in C 12 . However, the inversion of level ordering between the spectra of C 12 and C Λ 13 , i.e. that the 0 3 + and 0 4 + states in C Λ 13 correspond to the 0 4 + and 0 3 + states in C 12 , respectively, is shown to occur. The additional Λ particle reduces sizes of the 0 2 + and 0 3 + states in C Λ 13 very much, but the shrinkage of the 0 4 + state is only a half of the other states, in spite of the fact that attractive Λ-N interaction makes nucleus contracted so much when the Λ particle occupies an S-orbit. In conclusion, the Hoyle state becomes quite a compact object with Be Λ 9 + α configuration in C Λ 13 and is no more gaslike state composed of the 3α clusters. Instead, the 0 4 + state in C Λ 13 , coming from the C 12 ( 0 3 + ) state, appears as a gaslike state composed of α + α + Λ 5 He configuration, i.e. the Hoyle analog state. A linear-chain state in a Λ hypernucleus is for the first time predicted to exist as the 0 3 + state in C Λ 13 with more shrunk arrangement of the 3α clusters along z-axis than the 3α linear-chain configuration realized in the C 12 ( 0 4 + ) state. All the excited states are shown to appear around the corresponding cluster-decay threshold, reflecting the threshold rule.

We investigate structure of CΛ13 and discuss the difference and similarity between the structures of C12 and CΛ13 by answering the questions if the linear-chain and gaslike cluster states, which are proposed to appear in C12, survives, or new structure states appear or not. We introduce a microscopic cluster model called, Hyper-Tohsaki–Horiuchi–Schuck–Röpke (H-THSR) wave function, which is an extended version of the THSR wave function so as to describe Λ hypernuclei. We obtained two bound states and two resonance (quasi-bound) states for Jπ=0+ in CΛ13, corresponding to the four 0+ states in C12. However, the inversion of level ordering between the spectra of C12 and CΛ13, i.e. that the 03+ and 04+ states in CΛ13 correspond to the 04+ and 03+ states in C12, respectively, is shown to occur. The additional Λ particle reduces sizes of the 02+ and 03+ states in CΛ13 very much, but the shrinkage of the 04+ state is only a half of the other states, in spite of the fact that attractive Λ-N interaction makes nucleus contracted so much when the Λ particle occupies an S-orbit. In conclusion, the Hoyle state becomes quite a compact object with BeΛ9+α configuration in CΛ13 and is no more gaslike state composed of the 3α clusters. Instead, the 04+ state in CΛ13, coming from the C12(03+) state, appears as a gaslike state composed of α+α+Λ5He configuration, i.e. the Hoyle analog state. A linear-chain state in a Λ hypernucleus is for the first time predicted to exist as the 03+ state in CΛ13 with more shrunk arrangement of the 3α clusters along z-axis than the 3α linear-chain configuration realized in the C12(04+) state. All the excited states are shown to appear around the corresponding cluster-decay threshold, reflecting the threshold rule.

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is pathologically characterized by tau deposits in neuronal and glial cells and by reactive astrogliosis. In several neurodegenerative disorders,Baseline and 1-year follow-up imaging were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography withThe 1-year follow-up scan images revealed thatLongitudinal increases in

Background: α+C12 clustering in O16 has been of historical importance in nuclear clustering. In the last 15 years the 4α condensate state has been proposed as a new-type cluster state. Purpose: The aim is to reveal a dynamical process of the formation of different kinds of cluster states, in terms of a “container” aspect of clusters, in O16. Method: The so-called THSR wave function for the 4α clusters is extended to inclusion of two different “containers” occupied independently by the C12(3α) and α clusters. Results: The five Jπ=0+ states with 4α tetrahedral shape, α+C12 cluster structures, and the 4α condensate character, are found to be represented, to good approximation, by single configurations of the extended THSR wave function with “containers” of appropriate shape and size. Conclusions: It is demonstrated in O16 that the dynamical evolution of cluster structures can be caused by size and shape evolution of a “container” occupied with clusters. The α condensate with gaslike 4α configuration appears as a limit of the cluster formation.

We study the electric and dust environment near a complex surface structure on the moon: a vertical hole. In order to model an electric field structure near the surface, we performed the particle-in-cell simulations. The simulations provide electric field and plasma current density profiles in three-dimensional space above the complex lunar surface topography. Subsequently, we applied the obtained electric field and plasma current density data to the test-particle simulation on the dynamics of submicronsized charged dust grains. We focus on an effect of a stochastic charging process of such small dust grains. Because of their small surface areas, the dusts will get/lose one elementary charge infrequently. The preliminary simulation results show an evidence of dust mobilization across the sunlight–shadow interface formed inside the lunar hole.We study the electric and dust environment near a complex surface structure on the moon: a vertical hole. In order to model an electric field structure near the surface, we performed the particle-in-cell simulations. The simulations provide electric field and plasma current density profiles in three-dimensional space above the complex lunar surface topography. Subsequently, we applied the obtained electric field and plasma current density data to the test-particle simulation on the dynamics of submicronsized charged dust grains. We focus on an effect of a stochastic charging process of such small dust grains. Because of their small surface areas, the dusts will get/lose one elementary charge infrequently. The preliminary simulation results show an evidence of dust mobilization across the sunlight–shadow interface formed inside the lunar hole.

The excited states in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ are investigated by using an extended version of the so-called Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-R\"opke (THSR) wave function, where both the $3\ensuremath{\alpha}$ condensate and $^{8}\mathrm{Be}+\ensuremath{\alpha}$ cluster asymptotic configurations are included. A new method is also used to resolve spurious continuum coupling with physical states. I focus on the structures of the ``Hoyle band'' states (${0}_{2}^{+},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{2}_{2}^{+}$, and ${4}_{2}^{+}$), which were recently observed above the Hoyle state, and of the ${0}_{3}^{+}$ and ${0}_{4}^{+}$ states, which were also quite recently identified in experiment. Their resonance parameters and decay properties are reasonably reproduced. All these states have dilute density structure of the $3\ensuremath{\alpha}$ or $^{8}\mathrm{Be}+\ensuremath{\alpha}$ clusters with larger root mean square radii than that of the Hoyle state. The Hoyle band is not simply considered to be the $^{8}\mathrm{Be}({0}^{+})+\ensuremath{\alpha}$ rotation as suggested by previous cluster model calculations, nor to be a rotation of a rigid-body triangle-shaped object composed of the $3\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles. This is mainly due to the specificity of the Hoyle state, which has the $3\ensuremath{\alpha}$ condensate structure and gives rise to the ${0}_{3}^{+}$ state with a prominent $^{8}\mathrm{Be}({0}^{+})+\ensuremath{\alpha}$ structure as a result of very strong monopole excitation from the Hoyle state.

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of thiol peroxidases, which have been suggested to serve as biomarkers for diseases caused by oxidative stress. In this study, we established a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying the amount of Prx2 in red blood cells (RBCs). RBC proteins were separated using HPLC, and a single peak was detected that matched that produced by recombinant Prx2. Under improved conditions, the calibration curve for Prx2 (reduced form) was linear over the range of 0.5-20.0μg with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The minimum detectable level of the recombinant Prx2 was 0.2μg, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 per 20μl of injection volume. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis showed that the proteins comprising the peak were almost exclusively Prx2. Further high-resolution analysis using nanoLC-MS/MS demonstrated that the oxidation sensitive, Cys-51 was carbamidomethylated by iodoacetamide-alkylation during in-gel digestion but was not modified with sulfinic acid (-SO2H) or sulfonic acid (-SO3H). These results indicated that the separated Prx2 was the reduced form and not the hyperoxidized form. These basic experiments allowed us to determine the relative amounts of native Prx2 in RBCs taken from healthy subjects. The average levels of Prx2 in male and female subjects were 7.28ng/mg and 8.29ng/mg, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the sexes. Therefore, the HPLC method with UV detection described herein offers a convenient method to quantitatively determine the levels of reduced form of Prx2 and its oxidative decrease in human RBCs.

Probability of practical applications of the DLC-Si coating by DC-PACVD accompanied with the pre-treatment for improving adhesion strength was examined to numbers of small steel specimens with shapes of large-scale production parts. The whole surface of long narrow holes of 15 mm diameter 100 mm long were covered with the DLC-Si coating with enough thickness and high adhesion strength because of the uniform plasma-sheath formation at the inside holes. The coating was done on some hundreds of pins and rings with small spreads of coating thickness, silicon content, and adhesion strength. The process was concluded to have large probability for practical applications in the industry.

We have developed laser-ignitable gas generating films to control a liquid stream for use in micro processing that can be ignited with both continous wave (CW) and pulsed lasers. Films of 100 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were coated with mixtures of nitrocellulose, trimethylolethanetrinitrate, and carbon black. A light beam from a Nd:YAG laser diode, or an Ar+ laser was focused onto the nitrocellulose layer through the PET substrate to ignite the layer. In the case of CW irradiation the delay time between the onset of irradiation and the ignition of the films was established by measuring the transmission of the laser light passing through the films. Gas generation dynamics were studied as a function of film thickness and irradiation conditions. In the case of pulsed laser irradiation, the dynamics were followed by imaging using a conventional double pulse pump-probe technique, with which it was possible to observe material ejection and the transient disturbance of a micro liquid stream in the path of emitted debris.

A simultaneous treatment for carburization and carburization prevention by hollow cathode discharge was carried out with methane and hydrogen mixing gas for preheating, carburization and diffusion treating in the same chamber simultaneously. The hardness, carbon distribution and microstructure of carburized chromium-molybdenum steel were investigated after the treatment of simultaneous plasma carburization and carburization prevention. It was found that the simultaneous treatment of carburization and carburization prevention depended on the methane content in the mixing gas, the flow rate of the mixing gas and the treating temperature. The experimental results indicate the possibilities for simultaneous treatment of plasma carburization and carburization prevention.

Low density states near the 3α and 4α breakup threshold in 12C and 16O, respectively, are discussed in terms of the α‐particle condensation. Calculations are performed in OCM (Orthogonality Condition Model) and THSR (Tohsaki‐Horiuchi‐Schuck‐Ropke) approaches. The 02+ state in 12C and the 06+ state in 16O are shown to have dilute density structures and give strong enhancement of the occupation of the S‐state c.o.m. orbital of the α‐particles. The possibility of the existence of α‐particle condensed states in heavier nα nuclei is also discussed.

In order to explore the 4α‐particle condensate state in 16O, we solve a full four‐body equation based on the 4α OCM (Orthogonality Condition Model) in a large 4α model space spanned by Gaussian basis functions. A full spectrum up to the 06+ state is reproduced consistently with the lowest six 0+ states of the experimental spectrum. It is suggested that the 06+ state is the analog to the Hoyle state of 12C, to be identified with the well known 06+ state at 15.1 MeV in 16O.

Recently, we reported an animal semiconductor PET with the spatial resolution of 0.8 mm FWHM within the central 20 mm-diameter of FOV for the purpose of biomedical study using rats and mice. This ultra high spatial resolution was obtained by the use of small CdTe elements of 1.1mm x 1.0 mm x 5 mm. The FOV of this PET is 64 mm in diameter and 26 mm in axis. We applied to observe small tumors in mouse and succeeded to 1 Q obtain [ F]FDG images of mouse mammary carcinoma of ~1mm size.

Many short-necked clams inhabit tideland, and it is generally thought that the short-necked clams take a part of a water purification function of the tideland and play important roles of an ecosystem of the tideland. 'SHIO-HIGARI' (Shellfish-gathering to catch short-necked clams) is popular leisure for Japanese. In the tideland in the suburbs of a big city in particular, it is anxious about the drying up of short-necked clam resources by SHIO-HIGARI. Indeed, much of adult short-necked clam disappears after the SHIO-HIGARI season at the tideland. We have been investigating quantity of living short-necked clams continuously at "Uminokouen" which is located at south east of Yokohama in Tokyo bay. As a result, the actual situation of human impact of the SHIO-HIGARI on the quantity is becoming clear. On the other hand, the reason why such a spatial distribution of the amount of the short-necked clams in the tideland becomes has not understood yet. Generally it is said that the distribution of short-necked clams depends on emersion time, sea floor topography and geology. In this study, at first, based on our investigation, we discuss relations among the amount and the spatial distribution of the short-necked clams and the emersion time and the sea floor topography. Furthermore, we investigate the relation among the initial spatial distributions of the short-necked clam, the spatial distributions of the amount of the caught the short-necked clam and the visitors' loci. Then we predict the human impact on the change of the short-necked clam during the season. Finally we analyze the annual change of the short-necked clam in the tidal land considering such huge human impact, the seabed topography and the emersion time.

To explore the four-alpha-particle condensate state in 16O, we solve a full four-body equation of motion based on the four-alpha-particle orthogonality condition model in a large four-alpha-particle model space spanned by Gaussian basis functions. A full spectrum up to the 0_{6};{+} state is reproduced consistently with the lowest six 0;{+} states of the experimental spectrum. The 0_{6};{+} state is obtained at about 2 MeV above the four-alpha-particle breakup threshold and has a dilute density structure, with a radius of about 5 fm. The state has an appreciably large alpha condensate fraction of 61%, and a large component of alpha+12C(0_{2};{+}) configuration, both features being reliable evidence for this state to be of four-alpha-particle condensate nature.

On-site underground background measurements were performed for the planned reactor-neutrino oscillation experiment KASKA at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power station in Niigata, Japan. A small-diameter boring hole was excavated down to 70m underground level, and a detector unit for $\gamma$-ray and cosmic-muon measurements was placed at various depths to take data. The data were analyzed to obtain abundance of natural radioactive elements in the surrounding soil and rates of cosmic muons that penetrate the overburden. The results will be reflected in the design of the KASKA experiment., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, final version for publication. Table 1 and Fig.5 have changed

Cute-1.7 is a pico-satellite mainly developed by students at Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech). This will be the second satellite built at Tokyo Tech after the first one, CUTE-I, which was launched in June 2003. The configuration of Cute-1.7 is a 10 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm box with a mass of 2 kg. The engineering objective of Cute-1.7 is to validate commercially available products such as Personal Digital Assistances (PDAs) in the space environment, and to demonstrate a "satellite core concept" which is dividing a satellite into a bus component and a mission component to adopt various missions. The scientific objective is to demonstrate the performance of avalanche photo diodes (APDs) as future X-ray detectors used in the space environment. Results of this mission will provide the first feedback for a space application of APD such as Japan's future X-ray astronomy mission NeXT.

New concept of clustering is discussed in $\Lambda$ hypernuclei using a new-type microscopic cluster model wave function, which has a structure that constituent clusters are confined in a container, whose size is a variational parameter and which we refer to as Hyper-Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-R\"opke (Hyper-THSR) wave function. By using the Hyper-THSR wave function, $2\alpha + \Lambda$ cluster structure in ${^{9}_\Lambda{\rm Be}}$ is investigated. We show that full microscopic solutions in the $2\alpha + \Lambda$ cluster system, which are given as $2\alpha + \Lambda$ Brink-GCM wave functions, are almost perfectly reproduced by the single configurations of the Hyper-THSR wave function. The squared overlaps between the both wave functions are calculated to be $99.5$%, $99.4$%, and $97.7$% for $J^\pi=0^+$, $2^+$, and $4^+$ states, respectively. We also simulate the structural change by adding the $\Lambda$ particle, by varying the $\Lambda N$ interaction artificially. As the increase of the $\Lambda N$ interaction, the $\Lambda$ particle gets to move more deeply inside the core and invokes strongly the spatial core shrinkage, and accordingly distinct localized $2\alpha$ clusters appear in the nucleonic intrinsic density, though in ${^{8}{\rm Be}}$ rather gaslike $2\alpha$-cluster structure is shown. The origin of the localization is associated with the strong effect of Pauli principle. We conclude that the container picture of the $2\alpha$ and $\Lambda$ clusters is essential in understanding the cluster structure in ${^{9}_\Lambda{\rm Be}}$, in which the very compact spatial localization of clusters is shown in the density distribution.

KASKA is a reactor neutrino experiment to measure θ 13 accurately. The sensitivity reach of sin 2 2 θ 13 will be 0.015 in its first phase. Higher accuracy θ 13 measurement, precise θ 12 measurement and first Δ m 13 2 measurement are also in consideration in future extensions of the experiment. A brief description of the KASKA project and its R&D activities are presented.

The Cute-1.7 was launched successfully in February 2006 as a piggyback satellite of the Astro-F mission. The Cute-1.7 dimensions are 10 × 10 × 20 cm 3 box with a total mass of 3.6 kg. It is the second pico-satellite to have been developed completely by students of the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech.) after the successful launch of the CUTE-I in June 2003. The goals of the Cute-1.7 mission are two-fold: (1) to validate high-performance, commercially available products for the first time in space. We particularly use personal digital assistants (PDAs) as a main computer in orbit (2) to demonstrate new potential uses for small satellites in various space studies, as proposed by the “satellite-core” concept. For the Cute-1.7 mission, we will carry avalanche photo diodes (APDs) as a high-count particle monitor in low-Earth orbit. Here we present details of various ground tests and pre-flight performance of the Cute-1.7 immediately before the launch. Results of the Cute-1.7 mission will provide quick feedback for space applications of APDs in Japan's future X-ray astronomy mission NeXT.

The effects of ion bombardment on the thermal reaction in the GeAuGaAs system have been investigated by means of Rutherford backscattering techniques. The reacted layer has also been examined by Auger depth profiling techniques. It has been revealed that the thermal reaction in this system is activated by ion bombardment, resulting in the lowering of the reaction temperature. SEM observation has shown that an extremely high surface uniformity can be obtained through the ion-bombarded-as-sisted reaction as compared with a conventional furnace-annealing technique.

Epitaxial NiSi2layers have been grown onto (100) and (111) Si substrates by multiple scan electron beam annealing. The formation and the composition of the silicides have been analyzed by Rutherford backscattering techniques and by electron diffractionobservation. The phase and the composition of the silicides depend on the power density of the electron beam. Under the optimum conditions, epitaxial NiSi2layers with a high surface morphology can be grown. An attempt has been made to form crystalline Si—NiSi2—Si heterostructures and the preliminary data are also presented.

A new triazole fungicide S-3308 was effective for control of powdery mildews, rusts, scabs and other phytopathoqenic diseases. It showed inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi and PGR activity on certain plants. Structure-activity study (substituent on phenyl ring, imidazole or triazoler configuration about double bond, ketone or alcohol structure, alkyl moiety and optical isomers) revealed that not only partial structures but also steric structures were important for high activities.

Tricuspid insufficiency is not infrequent in combined valvular diseases. We used Carpentier's De Vega's or Bex's annuloplasty with our own modification in combined tricuspid insufficiency and found the results much more satisfactory compared with previous methods. Of 152 patients with acquired valvular disease, 24 with combined valvular disease underwent one of these procedures. During the same period, three tricuspid valve replacements, using a glutaraldehyde-treated xenograft, were performed in patients with severly damaged tricuspid valves. Simultaneous procedures for other valves were open mitral commissurotomy in 14, mitral valve replacement in 9 and aortic and mitral valve replacement in 4 patients. Despite the seriousness of their preoperative condition, 25 of 27 patients survived, resulting in a mortality rate of 7.4%. We believe that these annuloplasty methods represent a remarkable progress in the treatment of tricuspid valve insufficiency in combined valvular diseases.

The effect of high-dose metoclopramide (2 mg/kg, 4 times every 2 hours) on the emesis of patients treated with CDDP (80 mg/m2) was examined by randomized control trial. The above metoclopramide regimen significantly suppressed the frequency of vomiting on the day of CDDP administration. The duration of nausea and anorexia after CDDP treatment was also shortened by high-dose metoclopramide administration.

Effect of methylprednisolone on the emesis of patients treated with CDDP was examined by randomized control trial. Methylprednisolone showed no effect on the frequency of vomiting on the day of CDDP administration as well as on the duration of nausea and anorexia after CDDP treatment.