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Copyright © The Author(s) 2022. While the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are broadly framed with 17 goals, the goals and their targets inherently connect with each other forming a complex system. Actions supporting one goal may influence progress in other goals, either positively (synergies) or negatively (trade-offs). Effective managing the synergies and trade-offs is a prerequisite for ensuring policy coherence. This is particular relevant at the river basin scale where the implementation of national policies may generate inequalities at the sub-basin levels, such as the upstream and the downstream. In the existing literature, there is still a lack of methodologies to assess the SDG interlinkages and their differences at the subnational levels. This paper presents a methodology on the development of an SDG interlinkages analysis model at the basin scale and its application to a case study in China’s Luanhe River Basin (LRB). Seven broad areas, namely land use and land cover change, climate change, ecosystem services, flood risks, water sector, urbanisation, and energy, were set as the scope of study. Through a systematic review, key elements of the SDG interlinkages system were identified and their interactions were mapped. The resulting generic SDG interlinkages model were validated with expert survey and stakeholders’ consultation and tailored to the LRB. Quantification of the SDG interlinkages was conducted for 27 counties in the LRB and demonstrated by the results of 3 selected counties located in the upstream, midstream and downstream areas, respectively. The methodology and its applications can be used to support integrated water resource management in river basins. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/S012427/1), UK; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan;IGES’ Strategic Research Fund (FY2019, FY2020 and FY2021).

Understanding how ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) are affected by human-induced landscape changes is important to minimise trade-offs and maximise synergies between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets, and for equitable development across governance scales. However, limited research investigates how ES and EDS can change under past, current, and future land uses. This study, conducted in the Luanhe River Basin (LRB), demonstrates the interaction between humans and the environment under past, current, and future land uses at the river basin scale in China, using a stakeholders’ participatory capacity matrix to characterise both ES and EDS. Results indicate that forests and water bodies provided the highest overall ES capacity, while the lowest scores were reached in built-up and unused land areas. Built-up land and cropland provided the highest overall EDS, while the lowest EDS scores were for water bodies. By applying the ecosystem services potential index (ESPI) and ecosystem disservices potential index (EDSPI), we found that the ESPI of all the ES declined from 1980 to 2018 and would continue to decline until 2030 without sustainable and conservation development strategies in the LRB. The EDSPI under all future scenarios in 2030 was projected to increase compared to the baseline in 1980. This study recommends establishing and implementing sustainable environmental protection policies and cross-regional and trans-provincial eco-compensation schemes for minimising trade-offs in ES. The study proposes an integrated research framework that could be useful for understanding the effect of historical and future human–environment interactions on ES and EDS, and SDGs achievement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-01078-8.

Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses.

In this paper, the aging, testing procedures, testing standards and evaluation of communication equipment are discussed from all aspects. By obtaining the aging law of components, chips and cables, the index aging model of communication equipment is studied, and the determination model of performance test standard value during communication equipment testing is established. By using the measured data, the model and algorithm are repeatedly modified, and the evaluation standard of communication equipment testing is finally determined. For the next step to carry out the actual communication equipment detection work to provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for reference.

This paper introduces the method of electronic equipment upgrading in detail, including how to upgrade the emergency equipment or software maintenance, through a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing electronic equipment, and finally gives the system of penis upgrading. And the method and specific process of software upgrading and transformation, for the upgrading and transformation of other electronic equipment, including software and hardware has a guiding significance.

This paper proposes a multiple participants based on RFID and WSN middle-long-distance timing problem. The current preliminary 2 nodes in the 400 - meter runway standard setting, cadets read RFID tags to carry through time, with the aid of WSN network, data statistics 3000 meters total has 16. By recording student movement time of each point and the artificial timing results than, the error of the 800 m and 3000 m between 3 to 6 seconds, a fitness test system based on RFID and WSN scheme is used in the sport automatic timing is feasible.

Monitoring and management system of large-sized watercraft is a non-linear complex system with many parameter. Monitoring and management system of large-sized watercraft based on networks is different from other conventional system, its basic idea is: at first large-sized watercraft is divdied into many multi-layer subsystem, computation of every rock-bottom system is finished by networks, and then give effect level of every factor, and then the effect level is taked as input value of the previous subsystem, after neural computation, and we can know evaluation of the previous subsystem of the subsystem, analogy according to this until we give evaluation of the large-sized watercraft. Experiment data and result is the same as the reslult the system give. Knowledge library of the system is easy to renew and maintain, and enhance self-learning ability of the system, and avoid the problem of “knowlegye explosion” in conventional expert system.

Peatlands are important global terrestrial carbon stores as well as sources of regional potable water supply. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters have increased across Europe and parts of North\ud America in the past decades, resulting in increased water treatment problems and cost. However, it is unclear how\ud climate change may impact DOC in peatland-derived potable water. Here we use a physically based hydrological\ud model (PERSiST) and a biogeochemical organic carbon model (INCA-C) to predict discharge and DOC concentration in nine hotspots of peatland-derived potable water use in the UK under a range of 21st-Century climate\ud and sulphate-deposition scenarios. These catchments supply 72 % of all peat-derived water consumed in the UK,\ud and 57 % of the global total. The annual average and seasonal variability of DOC concentrations are likely to increase while the mean discharges are likely to decrease under all future scenarios. The large increases (by as much\ud as a factor of 1.6) in DOC concentration in the 2090s over the baseline period are projected in the autumn and\ud winter, a time when DOC concentrations are already high in the baseline datasets. However, the total DOC flux is\ud largely insensitive to future climate change because the projected increase in DOC concentration is mostly counterbalanced by the projected decrease in discharge. To fulfil regulations on DOC concentrations in water supplies\ud for all nine study catchments in the 2090s, at least £.5 billion of the capital investment for new treatment plants\ud will be required. Thus, more efficient water treatment technology and responsible stewardship of peatlands will be\ud necessary.

The depth distribution of the Moho discontinuity and the P-wave velocity structure in and around the Tan–Lu fault were analyzed employing data from seismic reflection and refraction sounding from greater than 40 profiles. The results suggest that high P-wave velocity zones have emerged in the upper crust of the Dabie and Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belts. Anomalous zones of low velocity in the lower crust and the deep Moho discontinuities imply that the low crustal velocity structure zones exit in the Dabie and Sulu region. The high-velocity anomalous zones in the upper crust and low-velocity anomalous zones in the lower crust beneath the Sulu region are all located northeast of the northern segment of the Tan–Lu fault. The high- and low-velocity anomalous zones beneath the Dabie region are located southwest of the southern segment of the Tan–Lu fault. Such a distribution pattern of the velocity-anomalous zones may show some evidence of the left strike-slip motion regime of the Tan–Lu fault. The low velocity structure in the crust emerged beneath the joining region between the Dabie and Sulu orogens near the Tan–Lu (T–L) fault.

In the present study seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous media is numerically simulated by using the pseudospectral method with the staggered grid RFFT differentiation in order to clarify the cause for the complicated distribution characteristics of strong ground motion in regions with basin structure. The results show that the maximum amplitudes of simulated ground acceleration waveforms are closely related to the basin structure. Interference of seismic waves in the basin strongly affects the distribution of maximum seismic waveforms, which may result in peak disasters during earthquakes. Peak disasters might be away from basin boundaries or earthquake faults. Seismic energy transmitted into the basin from the bedrock can hardly penetrate the bottom of the basin and then travel back into the bedrock region. The seismic energy is absorbed by basin media, and transferred into the kinematical energy of seismic waves with great amplitude in the basin. Seismic waves between basins may result in serious damage to buildings over the basin. This is significant for aseismatic research. Geological surveys in and around urban areas would benefit aseismatic research and mitigation of seismic disasters of a city. Such geological surveys should involve seismic velocity structure in the media above the bedrock besides such subjects as active faults and geological structure.

Offshore active faults, especially those in the deep sea, are very difficult to study because of the water and sedimentary cover. To characterize the nature and geometry of offshore active faults, a combination of methods must be employed. Generally, seismic profiling is used to map these faults, but often only fault-related folds rather than fracture planes are imaged. Multi-beam swath bathymetry provides information on the structure and growth history of a fault because movements of an active fault are reflected in the bottom morphology. Submersible and deep-tow surveys allow direct observations of deformations on the seafloor (including fracture zones and microstructures). In the deep sea, linearly aligned cold seep communities provide indirect evidence for active faults and the spatial migration of their activities.

Conventional libaray adapt work mode of bar code and magnetic stripe, so operrational is very complex, and efficiency is lower, and RFID can enhance work efficiency of management circulation of and collection. This paper argue some key problems and systemic structure of libaray intelligent management system based on RFID, and analyse key techniques and difficulty. Libaray intelligent management system combine advanced RFID and libaray management methods, and labrary intelligent management system base on RFID can be circulated as a unattached labrary management system, but it can be connected in school networks so as to share information and borrow. Libaray intelligent management system can enhance speed and veracity of information processing, and improve efficency of work.

This paper introduced the BP neural network model and the BP algorithm in detail, and points out the BP neural network exists the defects of local optimal tendency of local optimal, slow convergence speed etc. Through the introduction of modified BP algorithm, we can solve the problems existing in the traditional BP algorithm successfully, simulation results for odd-even discrimination of integer number based on MATLAB BP algorithm show that modified BP model compared with BP model, has faster training speed and high study accuracy. Modified BP neural network models is used in practice, as long as it is complementary with effective measures, and we can get satisfactory result completely.

The distance of microphones in sound intensity probe have great relations with effective sound frequency band measured during measuring sound intensity,. To adapt different measured frequencies, the position of every microphone in sound intensity probe should be adjusted. On the basis of discussing the theory of measuring sound intensity with four microphones from three dimensions, using the theory about keeping place of brace framework and parallelogram, we designed a new 3D sound intensity probe including four microphones. Because space among different microphones in sound intensity probe can be adjusted, it can choose appropriate measurement bandwidth according to the range of sound frequencies measured actually. 3D sound intensity probe with four microphones, whose measurement frequency can de adjusted, retained original advantages of 3D sound intensity probe, and overcome the shortcomings of measuring fixed bandwidth.

Put forward the method of Instantaneous feature extraction of non-stationary signal based on complex wavelet Morlet. Aiming at the characteristics of non-stationary signal signal, we construct two groups of combination information suitable for feature extraction combining amplitude and phase information which complex wavelet transform provide. The example of linear frequency-modulated signals and application examples of bearing vibration signal show that the model and the method have better antinoise ability, and have higher precision to the Instantaneous feature of non-stationary signal, and it can extract Instantaneous feature of non-stationary signal This method can realize its fast algorithm by Fourier transform, and has the simple and fast characteristics of algorithm, and realize the real-time analysis of the instantaneous characteristics of non-stationary signal

Double tree after wavelet transform has good direction selectivity and invariant parallel movement. Based on analysing histogram of modulus sub-band corresponding to six high frequency sub-band after double tree wavelet decomposition, we put forwaord a new kind of subtle character, namely combination character of Lognormal distribution parameters and Gamma distribution parameter. Using the character to segment signal feature, and using edge smooth technology in the process of segmentation and using k-means clustering to realize unsupervised segmentation. Experiments show that the method of feature extraction is new, and edge accuracy of segmentation results and regional consistency has antinoise character, and it is a kind of effective subtle segmentation method.

The big screen of a indoor stadium is mainly used to show score in sports game. This paper introduces the specific methods of using AUTHERWARE multimedia application software to realize the application software of big screen which has interactive function, including the construction of the whole framework and the division and the function of every branch framework, and introduces the key technologies systematically, and then gives specific procedures of using AUTHERWARE multimedia production software to realize the big screen display in detail. it have certain practical value When we make text and images of indoor and outdoor big screen.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy is used for time-resolved detection of chlorine atoms produced by photodissociation of chlorine molecules. The rate constants of elementary reaction Cl+Cl+Cl2=2Cl2 are determined.

The properties of the stress field in the West China region has been analyzed based on the 174 new solutions of focal mechanism of earthquakes with magnitudes (Mb) from 4.5 to 6.2 and the earthquake generating stress field from smoothed radiation patterns using more than 5000 initial motions of P waves of 169 earthquakes in the six concerned regions. Almost all events discussed in this paper were shallow ones. These data were obtained from the Bulletin of the International Seismological Center during the period from 1971 to 1980. The main results are as follows: In the West China region, the compressional axes mostly lie in N-S and NE-SW directions, and the tensional axes mostly lie in E-W and NW-SE directions. This general view of the distribution of the stresses over a wide area suggests that there is the transmission of tectonic forces from the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate along the Himalayan mountains through the Tibetan plateau. In the Himalayan mountains, along the margins of the Tibetan plateau and in the northwestern China regions, earthquakes caused by reverse faulting and strike-slip faulting are predominant. A lot of events with normal faults are concentrated in the western and central area of the Tibetan plateau with elevations higher than 5000m. It shows that the tensional forces in the WNW-ESE direction are predominant in this region. The directions of P-axes and T-axes are not so simple along the margins of microplates as are those in their inner part. Comparing various geological and geophysical data, the reason for the generation of such distribution of stress fields was disscused.

The temporal evolution of stark-broadening of Hβ line in laser-induced plasma in methane is investigated and the electronic density is determined from the Stark-broadened linewidth of the Balmer beta line. The maximum half-width of the line is more than 100A and the deduced electronic density is about 4×1017 cm-3.

On the basis of ref. [1], the time-resolved absorption spectrum of vibrational excited states v3 in BCl3 molecules are observed and investigated in higher laser energy flux. The excitation of vibrational states and a variety of energy transfer processes in relaxation, as well as their dependence on the pumping laser energy, the pressure of BCl3 and other parameters are measured. The result shows that there exists an ensemble of nonthermal distribution in vibrational states and the rotational energy transfer plays an important role in generating this nonthermal distribution. The processes of development of the BCl3 vi-bratioal excited absorption spectrum are discussed by using a simplified dynamical collision model. A simple relation Prv-v= c/K′(Tv,T

The absorption spectrum of the vibrational excited state in BC13 has been obtained by means of a infrared double resonance technique. A variety of relaxation processes and energy transfer processes were observed. The relationship PτV-V(11BCl3)= 3μs·torr has been obtained. A radial sound modulation was observed on the double resonance signal. The sound velocity is 2×104cm/sec and it agrees with the calculated value.