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Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic substance extracted from many traditional Chinese medicines, exerts a mitigative effect in dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the pathological mechanisms of CGA against AD remain obscure. Objective: To elucidate the core targets, functional characteristics, and underlying mechanisms of CGA against AD using network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking technologies. Methods: GEO database was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD. PharmMpper, TargetNet, and SwissTargetPrediction predicted the CGA-related targets. STRING and Cytoscape were employed to construct and analyze the PPI network. Moreover, the Metascape platform was used to perform the GO biological processes and KEGG pathways enrichment. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina software. Results: A total of 5437 targets related to AD were identified with |log2Fold Change (FC)| ≥ 1 and P < 0.05. Based on public databases, 193 putative target genes of CGA were screened. Using the Venn diagram, we found 137 co-targets between CGA and AD. According to the PPI network, 23 core targets for CGA to treat AD were obtained. KEGG enrichment displayed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were several important signaling pathways involved in CGA against AD. SRC, EGFR, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, RHOA, and PIK3R1 were hub targets associated with the activities of CGA against AD. Molecular docking analysis revealed a good binding affinity between CGA and these targets through hydrogen bonds. Conclusion: CGA might exert therapeutic effects in AD by regulating multiple targets and signaling pathways. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to thoroughly confirm the detailed targets and mechanisms of CGA against AD.

Previous research has suggested that bullying victimization is associated with higher suicidal risk among young people; however, the mechanisms underlying this relation have not been well examined. The current study aimed to illuminate the developmental links between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation by examining the mediating roles of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and substance use. The study sample consisted of n = 1465 participants (51.7% male) from the normative z-proso study. Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models and three waves of longitudinal data (ages 15, 17, and 20), the hypothesized mediation effects at the within-person level were tested while partialling out between-person confounds. The results suggested that, at the within-person level, bullying victimization did not predict subsequent suicidal ideation via depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or substance use. However, age 15 bullying victimization predicted within-person increases in age 17 depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. In addition, depressive symptoms at age 15 and tobacco and cannabis use at age 17 were associated with within-person increases in bullying victimization at ages 17 and 20, respectively. The results also indicated that cannabis use and suicidal ideation were positively and reciprocally related over time. Future studies collecting data at multiple timescales are needed to understand proximal and longer-term mechanisms underlying the relation between bullying victimization and suicidality.

The frequency of large-scale anomalous precipitation events over China has increased during 1961–2018. However, it remains challenging to understand the mechanisms associated with these anomalous events showing different spatial patterns. Here, we applied an autoencoder technique to identify large-scale anomalous precipitation events for both observations and model simulations, which were then classified into several patterns through a self-organizing map method. The synoptic behavior and atmospheric circulation background of different anomalous patterns were also analyzed using simultaneous composite analyses. Results show that occurrences of different anomalous precipitation patterns have increased significantly, except those centered in North China, Northeast China, and the Yangtze River basin. The anomalous precipitation patterns manifest various intraseasonal distributions, which are linked to zonal oscillations of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and meridional displacements of East Asia westerly jet (EAJ). Accompanied by the westward movement of WNPSH, anticyclonic systems transport warm moist air from the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea to converge with the cold air caused by anomalous cyclones over the northwest flank of the WNPSH, leading to large-scale anomalous precipitation in these regions. Besides WNPSH, the northward and southward displacements of EAJ also favor the occurrence of anomalous precipitation events in northern and southern China, respectively. Our study also illustrates that the occurrence frequency of anomalous precipitation events is projected to increase remarkably under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5–8.5 (SSP585) scenario by rates of twofold to fourfold.

Background: Insufficient or disrupted sleep increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms by which sleep modulates atherogenesis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of circulating exosomes in endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis under sleep deprivation status and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: Circulating exosomes were isolated from the plasma of volunteers with or without sleep deprivation and mice subjected to 12-week sleep deprivation or control littermates. miRNA array was performed to determine changes in miRNA expression in circulating exosomes. Results: Although the total circulating exosome levels did not change significantly, the isolated plasma exosomes from sleep-deprived mice or human were a potent inducer of endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis. Through profiling and functional analysis of the global microRNA in the exosomes, we found miR-182-5p is a key exosomal cargo that mediates the proinflammatory effects of exosomes by upregulation of MYD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) and activation of NF-ĸB (nuclear factor kappa-B)/NLRP3 pathway in endothelial cells. Moreover, sleep deprivation or the reduction of melatonin directly decreased the synthesis of miR-182-5p and led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in small intestinal epithelium. Conclusions: The findings illustrate an important role for circulating exosomes in distant communications, suggesting a new mechanism underlying the link between sleep disorder and cardiovascular disease.

Summary Aphelenchoides koreanus n. sp. isolated in Ningbo Port, P.R. China, from Pinus packaging wood from South Korea is described. It is characterised by the female length of 603 (511-687) μm, stout body shape (a = 24.4 (21.9-26.7)). The lateral field has four incisures. The slender stylet is 12.3 (11.7-13.4) μm long and has small basal swellings. The excretory pore is located posterior to the nerve ring. The hemizonid is immediately posterior to excretory pore, but sometimes invisible. The vagina is not sclerotised, and the vulva has strongly protruding lips and lacks a flap. The PUS is well developed and forms ca 30.6-41.9% of the vulva to anus distance. Tail sub-cylindrical, terminus bluntly rounded or slightly pointed, always bearing a very short mucron or a small projection, about 1 μm long. Males absent. The new species belongs to the group 1 category of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences confirmed its status as a new species.

Ferroptosis is a new cell death process characterized by massive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumorigenesis. Targeting it is a potentially effective cancer prevention and treatment strategy in the clinic. A comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms of targeting ferroptosis in cancer by natural products needs to be re-summarized and updated due to the advances in research. We searched and reviewed relevant literature through the database Web of Science, mainly focusing on the regulatory effects of natural products and their active compounds in treating or preventing cancer by regulating ferroptosis. A total of 62 kinds of natural products and their active compounds were reported to exert antitumor effects via causing ferroptosis of cancer cells by regulating the System Xc−-GPX4 axis and lipid, mitochondrial, and iron metabolism. Natural products have advantages in improving chemotherapy’s therapeutic effects by causing cancer cell ferroptosis through their polypharmacological actions. These molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation by natural products will pave the way for developing natural antitumor drugs based on regulating ferroptosis.

The reasonable application of the random sampling consistent algorithm can be used to eliminate the theoretically possible error points and then complete the initial aiming pairing. The interior points obtained after this algorithm are used to estimate the relative adjacent poses of the new robot in the operation of the least squares method, so as to make certain improvements to the ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm, making it useful for accurate aiming pairing. Finally, by using the optimization method of G20, the posture of the new mobile robot relative to the adjacent position is optimized to a certain extent. In order to reasonably plan and design the landscape of mountain villages, this paper proposes the corresponding solution by analyzing the multidimensional value and landscape design data of traditional mountain villages, which not only needs to adapt to modern economic development but also needs to live in harmony with the natural ecological environment. Taking a village as a case for analysis, the village houses, roads, services, greening, ecology, and other aspects were reconstructed, and then, the detailed landscape design of the multimedia multidimensional resource village was analyzed and implemented.

The materiality approach has been recommended as the instrument in capital market for scoping and defining the content for sustainability reporting or reports that ESG factors that are relevant to both businesses and stakeholders. The study aims to analyze whether firms’ ESG disclosure comply with the expectation of the Hong Kong Stock Market. This research selects 51 samples among year 2020 ESG reports from 107 number of Hong Kong listed companies in consumer staples industries to conduct statistical comparison analysis. Hong Kong listed companies in consumer staples industries’ concerns about environmental and social topics in ESG report are unevenly distributed. These companies that provides materiality assessment mark social aspects as priority whereas the environment aspects as least relevant to both the company and the stakeholders. This research reveal that Hong Kong food companies have different weight on disclose from HKEx. The suspected reason for low materiality level of environment aspect by those corporations is that high fine for environment disturbance may disclose by the ESG report of such companies. The speculated causes for companies mark high materiality might be in response to the current government policy of talent employment retention. The proposed suggestion to the Hong Kong Stock market as they have the imitative to regulate listed companies. To improve the quality of listed company through their ESG report, the Hong Kong exchange market could implement punishment and premium to promote these company to meet the disclose standard.