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Bacterial disease outbreaks in filter feeder bivalve Hyriopsis cumingii as water contamination become more frequent in the water ecosystem, especially in intensive aquaculture habitats. To characterize host-pathogen interactions between H. cumingii and bacterial infection, we investigated the effects of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HOP3 and Aeromonas veronii GL1 on the antioxidant response, tissue invasion and transcriptome expression of H. cumingii by infectivity trials. We showed that bacterial infections resulted in tubular necrosis of the hepatopancreas and induced the acute immune response in H. cumingii. The transcriptomic study identified a total of 5957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after A. veronii challenge. These DEGs were implicated in 302 KEGG pathways, notably in Apoptosis, Phagosome and Lysosome. The results showed that the relative expressions of all six immune-related DEGs were effectively stimulated with A. veronii, accompanied by tissue differences. Overall, these findings will contribute to an analysis of the immune response of H. cumingii to bacterial infection at the transcriptomic level and its genomic resource for research.

Android platforms and its applications (apps) have gained tremendous popularity recently, hence the reliability of Android apps is becoming increasingly important. Due to the novelty of the Android platform, apps are prone to errors, which would affect user experience and requires frequent bug fixes. In this paper, an empirical study on bugs in some widely-used open-source Android apps from diverse categories such as media, tools and communication were performed. Based on the findings of the empirical study, an approach for automating the testing process for detecting Android apps GUI bugs was presented. We show how the approach helped to re-discover existing bugs and find new bugs, and how it could be used to prevent certain bug categories. Our empirical study and automated testing approach have the potential to help developers increase the quality of Android apps.