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PurposeInvestigating the changes of regional homogeneity (ReHo) values and both static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) before and after Traditional Chinese Manual Therapy (Tuina) in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Based on this, we observe the effect of Tuina on the above abnormal changes.MethodsPatients with LDH (n = 27) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 28) were recruited. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning was performed two times in LDH patients, before Tuina (time point 1, LDH-pre) and after the sixth Tuina (time point 2, LDH-pos). And for one time in HCs which received no intervention. The ReHo values were compared between LDH-pre and HCs. The significant clusters detected by ReHo analysis were selected as seeds to calculate static functional connectivity (sFC). We also applied the sliding-window to perform dynamic functional connectivity (dFC). To evaluate the Tuina effect, the mean ReHo and FC values (both static and dynamic) were extracted from significant clusters and compared between LDH and HCs.ResultsIn comparison to HCs, LDH patients displayed decreased ReHo in the left orbital part middle frontal gyrus (LO-MFG). For sFC analysis, no significant difference was found. However, we found decreased dFC variance between LO-MFG and the left Fusiform, and increased dFC variance in the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus and left precuneus. Both ReHo and dFC values revealed after Tuina, the brain activities in LDH patients were similar to HCs.ConclusionThe present study characterized the altered patterns of regional homogeneity in spontaneous brain activity and those of functional connectivity in patients with LDH. Tuina can reshape the function of the default mode network (DMN) in LDH patients, which may contribute to the analgesic effect of Tuina in LDH patients.

BACKGROUND: The study of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is limited by the absence of ideal animal models to reproduce the plaque instability observed in humans. In this study, we attempted to develop a novel animal model for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques using dehydrated ethanol lavage in rabbits fed a Western diet (WD). METHODS: A total of 30 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were randomized to 5 groups, including a control group with or without WD, a balloon injury with WD group, and an ethanol injury with or without WD group. Operations were conducted using the right common carotid artery as the target vessel. All animals were followed up for 3 months unless a vascular event occurred. Blood samples and carotid artery specimens were ultimately collected for analysis of atherogenesis. RESULTS: Compared to rabbits in which lesions were induced by balloon injury, those subjected to an ethanol lavage with high cholesterol diet showed progressive atherosclerotic lesions in all carotid artery segments, which were characterized by greater plaque burden, smaller minimum lumen area (MLA), and increased vulnerability as indicated by abundant macrophages, scattered smooth muscle cell (SMC) composition, higher matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in plaques, thinner fibrous cap thickness, and higher possibility of stroke event (50% vs. 0%). Meanwhile, the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the ethanol injury group with a high-cholesterol diet were significantly higher than those in the balloon injury group after 3 months (all P

The hot deformation characteristics of a GH4169 superalloy are investigated at the temperature and strain rate ranges of 1193–1313 K and 0.01–1 s−1, respectively, through Gleeble-3500 simulator. The hot deformed microstructures are analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technology. The effects of deformation parameters on the features of flow curves and annealing twins are discussed in detail. It is found that the shapes of flow curves are greatly affected by the deformation temperature. Broad peaks appear at low deformation temperatures or high strain rates. In addition, the evolution of annealing twins is significantly sensitive to the deformation degree, temperature, and strain rate. The fraction of annealing twins first decreases and then rises with the added deformation degree. This is because the initial annealing twin characters disappear at the relatively small strains, while the annealing twins rapidly generate with the growth of dynamic recrystallized grains during the subsequent hot deformation. The fraction of annealing twins is relatively high when the deformation temperature is high or the strain rate is low. In addition, the important role of annealing twins on dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors are elucidated. The obvious bulging at initial twin boundaries, and the coherency of annealing twin boundaries with dynamic recrystallized grain boundaries, indicates that annealing twins can motivate the DRX nucleation during the hot deformation.

Background Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a rare and sight-threatening complication following refractive surgery. SmartSurfACE surgery is the result of combining transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (trans-PRK) with Smart Pulse Technology (SPT) to diminish surface irregularities of the residual stromal bed after surgery with less pain, faster re-epithelialization, and better postoperative visual acuity. In this article, we report the first case of HSK following SmartSurf ACE without history of herpetic eye disease. Case presentation A 21-year-old woman underwent bilateral SmartSurfACE without history of clinical herpetic infection, active eye disease, or systemic disease. Mild superficial punctate keratitis occurred on the tenth postoperative day. The condition was not improved by ophthalmic drugs of anti-inflammation or epithelial healings. Dendritic corneal ulcer appeared within one month, which is the commonly recognized clinical manifestation of herpes simplex keratitis. The patient was managed with topical and systemic antiviral agents. After nine days of antiviral therapy, the lesion healed up, remaining mild stromal scarring in both eyes ultimately. Conclusion Herpes simplex keratitis is a rare but sight-threatening complication following refractive surgery. For the ocular irritation symptoms of postoperative patients, we should consider the possibility of HSK and give timely treatment.

PurposeLumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the leading causes of low-back pain and results in a series of clinical symptoms, including pain, reflex loss, and muscle weakness. Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can relieve pain and promote internal and external stabilization of the lumbar spine. In this study, we investigated whether the brain alterations of LDH patients with SMT were frequency-dependent based on the calculation of Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF). Further, we established a cohort of LDH patients to evaluate the contribution of SMT treatments to brain functional reorganization.MethodsA total of 55 participants, including 27 LDH patients and 28 health controls (HCs), were collected. All LDH patients underwent two fMRI scans (before SMT and after the sixth SMT session). To represent LDH-related brain oscillatory activities, we calculated the ALFF and fALFF in the conventional band (0.01–0.08 Hz), the slow-4 band (0.027–0.073 Hz), and the slow-5 band (0.01–0.027 Hz). Moreover, we extracted ALFF and fALFF values in clusters with significant differences to evaluate the SMT effect.ResultsCompared with HCs, the LDH patients before SMT (LDH-pre) exhibited increased fALFF in right lingual gyri in the conventional band, and showed increased fALFF in left Cerebelum_Crus1 in the slow-4 band. We further examined the abnormal brain activities changes before and after the SMT intervention. The ALFF and fALFF values of LDH-pre group were higher than those of the HCs and LDH-pos groups. After SMT, the increased ALFF and fALFF values were suppressed for patients in conventional band and slow-4 band.ConclusionThe present study characterized the altered regional patterns in spontaneous neural activity in patients with LDH. Meanwhile, SMT is an effective treatment of LDH, and we supposed that it might have been involved in modulating dysfunctional brain regions which are important for the processing of pain. The findings of the current study may provide new insights to understand pathological mechanism of LDH.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on albuminuria, nephrin (NPH) and transforming-growth-factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) levels in urine and low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D ) patients.Methods: A randomized, blank-controlled clinical trial included 68 T2D patients and 10 controls. Based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), 68 diabetic patients were stratified into three levels, UACR in urine were measured as indications of podocyte injury and renal fibrosis. Low-grade inflammation was assessed by the levels of IL-6, TNFα and hsCRP.Results: After 12 weeks of SGLT2i treatment, the levels of UACR and NPH decreased, UTGF-β1 increased in the T2D with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups, NPH (1.12[0.59,1.29] vs 0.71[0.41,1.07] ug/ml, P=0.022) and (1.29[0.99,1.96] vs 0.93[0.57,1.31] ug/ml, P=0.002), UTGF-β1 (4.88±1.31vs 7.27±1.21 pg/ml, P˂0.001) and (4.30±1.34 vs 6.78±2.59 pg/ml, P˂0.001), respectively. The changes in NPH were positively correlated with the UACR and negatively correlated with UTGF-β1 in T2D with albuminuria.Conclusions: SGLT2i alleviate nephrin loss and enhance TGF-β1 excretion in urine in T2DM with albuminuria. The anti-albuminuric effect of SGLT2i could be attributed to mitigating podocyte apoptosis and attenuating renal fibrosis.Trial registration:This clinical trial was registered on 15/10/2019, in ClinicalTrials.gov, and the registry number is NCT04127084.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on albuminuria, nephrin(NPH) and transforming-growth-factor-beta1(TGF-β1) expression in urine, glucose and lipid metabolism, low grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes(T2D ) patients.Methods: Sixty-eight patients with T2D were divided into three groups according urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR), UACR in urine were measured as indications of podocyte injury and renal fibrosis. Low grade inflammation was assessed by the levels of IL-6,TNFα and hsCRP.Results: After 12 weeks SGLT2i treatment, UACR and NPH remarkably decreased, TGF-β1 dramatically increased in urine in T2D with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups, NPH(1.12[0.59, 1.29] vs 0.71[0.41, 1.07] ug/ml, P=0.022) and (1.29[0.99, 1.96] vs 0.93[0.57, 1.31]ug/ml, P=0.002), UTGF-β1(4.88±1.31 vs 7.27±1.21pg/ml, P˂0.001) and (4.30±1.34 vs 6.78±2.59pg/ml, P˂0.001), respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analyses show that TGF-β1, BMI, UACR, HDL-C, TNFα and IL-6 have significant effects on NPH levels.Conclusions: Our study showed that SGLT2i alleviate nephrin loss and enhance TGF-β1 excretion in urine in T2DM with albuminuria. The anti-albuminuric effect of SGLT2i could be attributed to mitigating podocyte apoptosis and attenuating renal fibrosis.Trial registration: This clinical trial has been registered on September 30, 2019 in ClinicalTrials.gov and the registry number is NCT04127084.

Liver abscess is a common clinical liver disease mainly caused by suppurative bacteria or amoebae, with early clinical signs of chills, high fever, jaundice, and other symptoms. Establishing its early diagnosis is difficult, which may lead to misdiagnosis.To observe the effects of psychological guidance combined with evidence-based health intervention in patients with liver abscess treated with ultrasound.A total of 120 patients with bacterial liver abscess admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to February 2021 were selected and divided into groups according to their intervention plan.After the intervention, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), and quality of life scores (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, mental health) were lower than before the intervention in the two groups. The observation group had lower negative sentiment, SPBS, and quality of life scores than the control group. In the observation group, 31 and 24 patients had good and general compliance, respectively, with a compliance rate of 91.67%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group. The observation group had significantly lower total incidence of incision infection, abdominal abscess, hemorrhage, and severe abdominal pain than the control group.Three-dimensional psychological guidance combined with evidence-based health intervention in treating liver abscess can reduce patients' burden and negative emotions, improve patient compliance and quality of life, and reduce complications.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy with prevalence of 1/500-1/200. Up to now, 1500 mutations in more than 30 genes have been found to be related to the disease. Pathogenic gene mutations together with polymorphisms of modifying genes and environmental factors play various roles in the disease processes, resulting in phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease, ranging from no symptoms to sudden cardiac death. The pathological phenotypes of HCM mainly include cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, disordered array, fibrosis, myocardial ischemia, and others. In recent years, many research efforts have been devoted to exploring the influence of HCM genotype on phenotype, and development of treatment methods based on genetics. This article focuses on the correction between HCM genotype and phenotype and summarizes the research progresses on HCM in terms of pathogenic genes, pathogenesis, associated modification factors and treatment methods, thereby providing insights on the future research and development on the genetics of HCM.肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)是一种以左心室肥厚为突出特征的常染色体显性遗传病,其发病率为1/500~1/200。目前已发现超过30个基因的1500种突变与该疾病的发生发展相关,致病基因变异连同修饰基因多态性、环境因素等影响因素发挥作用,使得疾病表型极具异质性,临床表现上从无任何症状到心源性猝死均可发生,病理表型主要包括心肌细胞肥大、排列紊乱及纤维化、心肌缺血等。近年来,许多研究致力于探究HCM基因型对表型的影响, 并基于遗传背景对HCM的治疗方法进行研发。本文以HCM基因型-表型的关联为重点,从HCM的致病基因、关联影响因素和最新治疗手段等多方面综述了HCM的研究进展,以期为研究HCM的发生发展及治疗方向提供遗传学方面的思路。.

Staggered spinning is an advanced method to manufacture thin-walled cylindrical parts. The microstructure evolution, which dominantly influences the overall performance, is very complex during the staggered spinning of Ni-based cylinder. In this work, the influences of feed rate and wall thickness reduction on the microstructures of a thin-walled Hastelloy C-276 cylinder during staggered spinning are investigated. It is found that the deformation of parts is highly inhomogeneous, and the microstructures are sensitive to the feed rate and wall thickness reduction during the staggered spinning. When the wall thickness reduction is small, the single slip is responsible for the deformation of grains. The deformation mechanism changes from single slip to cross slip with the increase of wall thickness reduction. Moreover, the uniform deformation of thin-walled Hastelloy C-276 cylinder can be obtained when the feed rate is about 0.8 mm/r or the wall thickness reduction is about 44.1%. These findings provide guidance for controlling the microstructures of thin-walled cylindrical parts during staggered spinning.

Background Although many studies have reported the effectiveness of nursing interventions on the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer, the results have not been synthesized. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions on the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Review methods A comprehensive search was conducted in 11 databases from inception to October 7, 2021. Studies evaluating the effects of nursing interventions on sexual quality of life were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Results This review pooled 38 studies with 3,664 participants. Meta-analysis results showed that nursing interventions significantly improved sexual quality of life, including sexual function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.60–1.37], P < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI = [0.41–1.57], P < 0.001). In addition, depression (SMD = −1.16, 95% CI = [−2.08–−0.24], P = 0.01) and general quality of life (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.08–0.33], P = 0.002) were significantly improved, but body image (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = [−0.08–0.41], P = 0.19) and anxiety (SMD = −0.45, 95% CI = [-0.93–0.02], P = 0.06) did not significantly improve. Subgroup analysis showed that nursing interventions had a stronger long-term effect on sexual function (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI = [0.51–1.80], P = P < 0.001) and was more effective in younger patients (SMD = 1.43, 95% CI = [0.63–2.23], P = P < 0.001). Nursing interventions showed a statistically significant short-term effect on sexual satisfaction (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI = [0.44–2.20], P = 0.003) and a significant effect in older patients (SMD = 1.27, 95% CI = [0.46–2.08], P = 0.002). Conclusions Nursing intervention may be an effective way to improve the sexual quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Nursing interventions had a stronger long-term effect on sexual function, and the group with the strongest effect is the younger patients. Nursing interventions showed a significant short-term effect on sexual satisfaction, and older patients had significant improvement in sexual satisfaction.

To investigate the difference of parent's cognition of children's space loss and its influencing factors, to provide reference for children's oral health education, in order to reduce the incidence of malocclusion.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information and related problems of 36 parents whose children received space loss treatment. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.Parents paid more attention to the common oral problems of their children, the awareness of oral prevention and health care were weak, the attention to treatment was higher than that of prevention. The attitude of parents to the cognition and targeted treatment of malocclusion caused by space loss was low(27.78%), which was significantly different from that of caries (75.00%) and premature loss of deciduous teeth (63.89%). The total cognition of space loss was 61.11%. The cognitive degree of parents with different characteristics was different: the cognitive degree of parents over 50 years old was lower(14.29%), the cognitive degree of parents with higher education was higher(82.35%), there was no significant difference in cognitive degree among different gender, occupation and family monthly income groups. Parents paid more attention to the basic oral health of their children, most of the interval time between this visit and the last visit was 3 months(63.89%). The main purpose of the visit was caries or tooth pain caused by caries(63.89%). Most of parents did not know the harmful effect of space loss(72.22%). There were more parents who did not know the necessity of treatment to space loss(58.33%). Parents mainly learned the treatment to space loss through the doctor's education during dental visits(72.22%). The number of active visits were less when space loss occured(22.22%), and most of parents were recommended by dentist when they came to the clinics(72.22%). Most parents were able to accept the dentists' advice on the treatment of space loss(77.78%).It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda, coverage and depth of oral health education care, strengthen the awareness of oral preventive health care, especially for the parents with special personality on the importance of space loss, to prevent primary teeth caries and premature loss of primary teeth, avoid the loss of dental space, make the complete primary dentition to form a normal permanent dentition.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was induced to form cold-set gel by using glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and sodium chloride (NaCl), and characteristics of the gel and its embedding potential to bioactive molecules were investigated. The results from texture analyzer indicated that hardness and springiness of BSA cold-set gel were improved by increasing GDL or NaCl, but the gel with lower concentration of GDL (1.0%) and NaCl (0.2 M) had better water holding capacity (WHC). GDL had a significant influence on storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G″) but it did not appear to be applicable to NaCl. Light transmittance at 500 nm and average particle size were used to characterize formation of BSA cold-set gel as pH values decreased, and the results suggested that BSA molecules had aggregated at the pH value of the gel point. Microstructure and fractal analysis from confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) further suggested that electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction played important roles in the formation of the cold-set gel and it could be deduced that structure and properties of the gel were closely related to the forces. BSA cold-set gel showed an excellent embedding performance to encapsulate bioactive molecules (used quercetin as representative), and achieved effective slow-release action, especially in simulated intestinal juice of pH 7.5. BSA cold-set gel may have important potential application in encapsulation, protection, delivery and controlled-release of some fragile bioactive components, so the research provides a theoretical basis for its application.

The biological responses of artificial biomaterials are affected strongly by its interfacial topography, especially from nano- to microscale. The structure controllability is essential for the design and synthesis of novel biomedical materials. Herein, the effect of soluble silk fibroin (SF) on the cathodic electrolytic deposition (ELD) behavior of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) coating is studied. It is observed that the addition of soluble SF does not change the inorganic phase of the coating (OCP), but it has a remarkable effect on the microstructure of the deposited coating. As a result, the OCP/SF composite coating possessed a micro/nano multilevel structure is finely constructed on titanium implant by using ELD technology. Such OCP/SF composite coating significantly promotes preosteoblast cells adhesion, spreading and proliferation. In general, effects have been made to produce an in-depth understanding of protein incorporated ELD technology to extend its application in the biomedical field. It provides a promising strategy to design and synthesize biomaterials with specific biomimetic structures and functions.

Staggered spinning is a cost-effective method to manufacture axisymmetric components, especially for the ultrathin cylindrical parts. However, due to the complex material flow behavior during staggered spinning of Ni-based thin-walled cylindrical parts, the accurate control of geometric precision is still a great challenge. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) is developed to investigate the effects of staggered spinning parameters on the dimensional accuracy of a thin-walled Hastelloy C-276 cylindrical part. It is found that the deviations of wall thickness and inner diameter are sensitive to spinning parameters. Based on the results from the finite element analysis, the optimized spinning parameters are obtained for the studied thin-walled cylindrical part, i.e., an appropriate wall thickness reduction range is 30%–40% during the single pass spinning. Meanwhile, the effects of feed ratio on the uniformities of wall thickness and inner diameter are significant, and a suitable feed ratio is 0.8 mm/r. Finally, the industrial three-roller staggered spinning experiments are carried out to verify a fact that the developed FEM, as well as the optimized spinning parameters, can be effectively used for the staggered spinning of thin-walled Hastelloy C-276 cylindrical parts.

In this study, a strategy based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to control the microstructures of a Ni-based superalloy during hot forging. This strategy is composed of three parts, namely, material models, optimality criterions, and a PSO algorithm. The material models are utilized to predict microstructure information, such as recrystallization volume fraction and average grain size. The optimality criterion can be determined by the designed target microstructures and random errors. The developed strategy is resolved using the PSO algorithm, which is an intelligent optimal algorithm. This algorithm does not need a derivable objective function, which renders it suitable for dealing with the complex hot forging process of alloy components. The optimal processing parameters (deformation temperature and strain rate) are obtained by the developed strategy and validated by the hot forging experiments. Uniform and fine target microstructures can be obtained using the optimized processing parameters, which indicates that the developed strategy is effective for controlling the microstructural evolution during the hot forging of the studied superalloy.

Sn-based N-doped carbon composites (Sn–CN) were simply fabricated via a one-pot thermal reaction. This experiment uses SnCl4·5H2O, resorcinol, formaldehyde and melamine as raw material. In order to...

The hot deformation behaviors of an aged Inconel 718 superalloy are investigated by isothermal compression experiments at four strain rates and five deformation temperatures on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The experimental results show that the true stresses are obviously affected by strain rate and deformation temperature. The true stress increases rapidly at the beginning of hot compressive deformation, which ascribes to the intense work hardening. The true stresses at high deformation temperatures are lower than those at lower deformation temperatures. The dynamic softening induced by DRX is weak at a relatively low deformation temperature. A strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive equation linked with true stress, strain rate and deformation temperature is developed for the studied superalloy. The material constants ( α \alpha , n, Q and A) in the developed model are expressed as the functions of true strain. The flow stresses calculated by the developed constitutive equation are nicely consistent with the experimental ones, which confirms that the developed constitutive equation can accurately describe the hot deformation behaviors of the studied superalloy.

The influences of solution cooling on the microstructures, mechanical properties and hot corrosion resistance of a nickel-based superalloy are researched. It is found that the mechanical properties and hot corrosion resistance are greatly influenced by the solution cooling methods including furnace-cooling (FC), water-cooling (WC) and air-cooling (AC). For the FC superalloy, large amount of coarse γ′′ (Ni3Nb) and γ′ (Ni3Al) phases precipitate from the matrix, and δ (Ni3Nb) phase preferentially precipitates on grain boundaries. Besides, compared with the WC and AC superalloys, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and micro-hardness of the FC superalloy are higher, but the elongation to fracture is lower. Additionally, the hot corrosion behavior can be well described by the sulfidation-oxidation model and the alkaline-base melting model. Furthermore, the FC superalloy has the best hot corrosion resistance among the three solution cooled superalloys

Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in youth is escalating rapidly. We aimed to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on beta-cell function, metabolic productions of oxidative stress, low grade inflammation compared with metformin in young patients with recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive 8-week liraglutide or metformin treatment. Beta-cell function was assessed by modified beta cell function index (MBCI), early phase of insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30), proinsuin to insulin ratio (P/I) and the insulin area under the curve (AUCins). The expression of 8-OH-dG and 8-iso-PGF2α and hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured as indications of oxidative stress and low grade inflammation. Results After 8 weeks liraglutide treatment, MBCI, ΔI30/ΔG30, AUCins significantly increased, 8-OH-dG, 8-iso-PGF2α, P/I and hs-CRP remarkably reduced. The differences before and after 8-week liraglutide treatment in ΔMBCI (11.1 [2.81, 43.08] vs 0.00 [− 8.16, 10.47], P = 0.017), ΔLNΔI30/ΔG30 (0.44 [0.04, 0.85] vs − 0.09 [− 0.33, 0.36], P = 0.049), ΔAUCins (117 [− 8, 376] vs − 21 [− 314, 109] mIU/L, P = 0.013), ΔP/I (− 0.05 [− 0.09, − 0.03] vs − 0.02 [− 0.04, 0.01], P = 0.026)were remarkably enhanced compared to those of the metformin therapy. The expression of 8-OH-dG, 8-iso-PGF2α and hs-CRP also decreased after 8-week metformin treatment. Conclusions These data demonstrated that liraglutide administration was more effective on ameliorating beta-cell function than metformin treatment in young patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both liraglutide and metformin could alleviate the level of oxidative stress and attenuate low grade inflammatory, we speculate this effect may not the main mechanism of beta-cell function improvement by liraglutide in diabetic patients. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials registry, chiCTR1800018008, Registered 27 August 2018—retrospectively registered.

Purpose To establish an environment-induced dry eye model in rabbits using a controlled drying system (CDS). Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The rabbits in the dry group were housed in the CDS, in which the relative humidity, airflow, and temperature were controlled at 22% ± 4%, 3 to 4 m/s, and 23°C to 25°C for 14 days. The rabbits in the control group were housed in a normal environment at the same time. A Schirmer test, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining were performed. On day 14, the eyeballs and lacrimal glands were processed for evaluating the corneal epithelial thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration index, goblet cell density, and expression of the MUC5AC protein and caspase-3 protein. The mRNA expression of the involved inflammatory genes was analyzed. Results The CDS was able to maintain a dry environment, in which the tear production decreased, and the ocular surface staining increased over time in the rabbits. In the dry group, the corneal epithelium became thinner, inflammatory cells were noted, goblet cells and MUC5AC proteins decreased, and the increased levels of caspase-3 proteins and inflammatory cytokines were observed in the ocular surface tissues and lacrimal glands. Conclusions This CDS could create a dry environment, in which the rabbits exhibited a pathological change in dry eye similar to that in humans. Translational relevance This model would be helpful in offering a platform to identify and test candidate therapies for environment-induced dry eye and to explore its underlying mechanisms.

Dan Li,1,* Ai-li Wang,2,* Yan-fen Gu,1 Qin Liu,3 Xiao-min Chen,4 Zi-ying Wang,5 Hui-ren Zhuang,1 Miao Du,6 Chi Chen,7 Hai-ping Yu1 1Department of Nursing, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric Clinics, Shanghai United Family Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nursing, Shanghai SIPO Polytechnic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Finance, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Nursing, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Teaching and Training, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hai-ping YuDepartment of Nursing, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13501868164Email pingping670@sina.comChi ChenDepartment of Teaching and Training, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18930935171Email chichen2003@163.comObjective: Effective teamwork can provide safe and effective care in various medical systems. Thus, there is increasing recognition of the value of interprofessional collaborative practice. The Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Health Care Teams Scale (ATIHCTS) has been applied to a wide variety of health professions for evaluating attitudes toward health care teams. The ATIHCTS has been widely used internationally, but no Chinese version has been developed. The aim of this study was to adapt a Chinese version of the ATIHCTS among Chinese health care professionals and to test its validity.Methods: The English version of the ATIHCTS was translated into Chinese, back-translated, and modified for cultural adaptation according to Brislin’s guideline. A total of 306 health professionals in a Shanghai tertiary hospital were investigated using the Chinese version of the ATIHCTS to test its validity.Results: The Chinese version of the ATIHCTS was adjusted based on expert review and pilot testing. According to expert opinions, the text that did not conform to the Chinese language habits and the Chinese medical environment was adjusted. A total of five adjustments were made. After the pilot testing, minor corrections were made to improve the sentence structure of the scale instructions to make it easier to understand. Factor analysis was subsequently conducted with 306 respondents. The Chinese version of the ATIHCTS had 14 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors, quality of care and time constraints, with the cumulative variance contribution rate reaching 70.011% and the load value of each entry on its common factor > 0.4. In addition, for scale confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio (X2/df) was 1.46, the normed fit index (NFI) was 0.97, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) was 0.99, the incremental fit index (IFI) was 0.99, the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.99, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.04. The fitting values all met the judgment criteria, and the scale had good structural validity. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version of the ATIHCTS was 0.861, and the Cronbach’s α values of each factor were 0.949 and 0.838, respectively. The split-half reliability was 0.644, and the Guttman split-half coefficients of each factor were 0.904 and 0.779, respectively.Conclusion: The Chinese version of the ATIHCTS has good validity. It is a valuable tool for evaluating attitudes toward interprofessional health care teams among the health care professionals in China.Keywords: interprofessional health care teams, attitudes, reliability, validity

As a large-scale livelihood project, the Dateng Gorge water conservancy project needs to consider many factors such as safety, resettlement, environment, energy, and flood control, which involve all aspects of technical problems. Effective management of the technologies can improve the construction efficiency of the project. With the development of science and technology, informatization of technology management becomes an inevitable trend. Especially in the current information sharing era, only with multi-dimensional and in-depth informatization can the increasing needs for technology management be met. In the present study, a multi-dimensional technology management system was established for the Dateng Gorge water conservancy project, featuring full-cycle tracking, information sharing and interdepartmental collaboration. Innovative solutions based on the investment systems, BIM management, three-dimensional application, data certificate CA and mobile office were employed to realize informatized management of technologies in the water conservancy project.

As an epigenetic modification, DNA hydroxymethylation plays a significant role in regulating gene expression. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that suggests abnormal changes of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) family proteins in cardiovascular diseases, indicating cardiovascular diseases are closely connected with DNA hydroxymethylation. The level of DNA hydroxymethylation is affected by some common risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as aging, gender, hypertension and smoking. It is also related to the immune and inflammatory reaction involved in the process of atherosclerosis as well as the function of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and research status of DNA hydroxymethylation and TET family proteins towards atherosclerosis, aiming to provide a reference for the development, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.DNA羟甲基化作为一种表观遗传学修饰,对基因的表达调控起到了重要作用。近年来,越来越多的研究发现在心血管疾病中可见5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5hmC)和染色体10/11易位(ten-eleven translocation, TET)家族蛋白的异常改变,提示这些心血管疾病与DNA羟甲基化的调控密切相关。DNA羟甲基化水平与动脉粥样硬化常见的危险因素如衰老、性别、高血压和吸烟存在一定关联,并且和动脉粥样硬化发生过程中所涉及的免疫炎症反应以及内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的功能相关。本文综述了DNA羟甲基化和TET家族蛋白对于动脉粥样硬化的作用机制及研究现状,以期为动脉粥样硬化的发生发展及诊断治疗提供表观遗传学方面的研究思路。.

BackgroundPreventing relapse of schizophrenic patients is really a challenge. The present study sought to provide more explicit evidence and factors of different grades and weights by a series of step-by-step analysis through χ2 test, logistic regression analysis and decision-tree model. The results of this study may contribute to controlling relapse of schizophrenic patients.MethodsA total of 1,487 schizophrenia patients were included who were 18–65 years of age and discharged from 10 hospitals in China from January 2009 to August 2009 and from September 2011 to February 2012 with improvements or recovery of treatment effect. We used a questionnaire to collect information about relapse and correlative factors during one year after discharge by medical record collection and telephone interview. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors and high-risk factors firstly, and then a decision-tree model was used to find predictive factors.ResultsThe χ2 test found nine risk factors which were associated with relapse. Logistic regression analysis also showed four high-risk factors further (medication adherence, occupational status, ability of daily living, payment method of medical costs). At last, a decision-tree model revealed four predictors of relapse; it showed that medication adherence was the first grade and the most powerful predictor of relapse (relapse rate for adherence vs. nonadherence: 22.9 vs. 55.7%, χ2 = 116.36, p < 0.001). The second grade factor was occupational status (employment vs. unemployment: 19.7 vs. 42.7%, χ2 = 17.72, p < 0.001); the third grade factors were ability of daily living (normal vs. difficult: 28.4 vs. 54.3%, χ2 = 8.61, p = 0.010) and household income (household income ≥ 3000 RMB vs.

To the Editor,In early December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan. It has been named COVID-19 and to date it has spread to more than 120 countries. It has become a glob...

Background Recent studies have focused on initial clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is the mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei. Aim This study aims to reveal more data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, Zhejiang, China. Design This study was a retrospective case series. Methods Eighty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed and three cases of clinically confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020. Results and discussion Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2, three (3.30%) cases were clinically diagnosed. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5–57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample, 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the disease from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, eight (8.79%) patients had contacted with people from Wuhan, and 11 (12.09%) patients were diagnosed after having flown together in the same flight with no passenger that could later be identified as the source of infection. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (interquartile range 3–8) days and the median time from the first visit to a doctor to the confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1–2) days. According to the chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia. Conclusions Social activity cluster, family cluster and flying alongside with persons already infected with COVID-19 were how people got infected with COVID-19 in Zhejiang.

BACKGROUND: Stent failure is more likely in the lipid rich and thrombus laden culprit lesions underlying ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study assessed the effectiveness of post-dilatation in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for acute STEMI. METHODS: The multi-center POST-STEMI trial enrolled 41 consecutive STEMI patients with symptom onset 16 atm pressure. Strut apposition and coverage were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intracoronary verapamil administration via thrombus aspiration catheter, post pPCI and at 7-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was rate of incomplete strut apposition (ISA) at 7 months after pPCI. RESULTS: There were similar baseline characteristics except for stent length (21.9 [SD 6.5] mm vs. 26.0 [SD 5.8] mm, respectively, P=0.03). In post-dilatation vs. control group, ISA rate was lower (2.5% vs. 4.5%, P=0.04) immediately after pPCI without affecting final TIMI flow 3 rate (95.2% vs. 95.0%, P>0.05) or corrected TIMI frame counts (22.6±9.4 vs. 22.0±9.7, P>0.05); and at 7-month follow-up (0.7% vs. 1.8%, P

The tunable photoluminescent materials has drawn extensive attention in recent years. The position of the substituents tuned the luminescent materials are one of attractive methods. Herein, we present a feasible and facile strategy to achieve a 4-amino-1,2,4-1H-triazole-based organic materials. A set of compounds based on 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole group, namely, x,x'-(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dianiline [x ​= ​2 (1), x ​= ​3 (2), x ​= ​4 (3)] (the formulas are C14H14N6, C14H14N6 and C14H16N6O for compounds 1–3, respectively), were obtained. The title compounds 1–3 have been characterized by IR, UV–Vis, element analysis (EA), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). In these compounds, a plenty of hydrogen bonds (C/N–H⋯O/N) and C–H … π can be obviously found. The order of the packing interactions is represented as the following: 2 ​> ​3>1. The Hirshfeld surface analyses reveal that the contribution order of the H⋯H bond contacts in compounds 1–3 is listed: 2 ​> ​3>1, which is in a good agreement with that of the stacking interactions. The solid-state luminescent spectra of 1–3 show that the emission maxima are observed at 404, 377 and 457 ​nm, respectively, where the order of the peaks is represented as 3 ​> ​1>2. The Hirshfeld surface analyses show that the contribution order of the C⋯H/H⋯C close contacts is listed: 3 ​> ​1>2, which is in a good accordance with that of the fluorescent maxima.

Platinum matrix composite is a new type of functional pottery material, which has excellent mechanical, electrical and optical properties. Due to the complexity of the synthesis method and the expensive equipment, the development of cermet material is extremely slow, so that the method to solve the problem is urgently needed. In view of the excellent performance of the Pt-C compounds, by hydrothermal method and high temperature roasting method, a new synthesis method for the composite is proposed using melamine and four platinum chloride at 60 °C by the polymerization reaction with a molar ratio of 20:1. The synthetic of Pt-C compounds provides a new synthesis method and new ideas and at the same time the Pt-C compounds has excellent performance, showing the excellent applications in machining.

Graphene, whose structure is composed of a single-atom-thick sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atom, provides large specific surface area, excellent mechanical and chemical properties. In this paper, reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (rGO/CNT) composite, which had superior electrochemical performance, was synthesized via a facile, handy and cheap method. Electrochemical tests showed that rGO/CNT composite that the weight ratio of graphene oxide (GO) to CNTs is 7.5 to 1 exhibited the specific capacitance was 346.84 F/g at the current density of 2 A/g in 1 M H2SO4. The good performance of rGO/CNT composite was ascribed to huge surface area of rGO and homogeneous distribution of CNT, which prevented the aggregation of rGO sheets, increased the path of electron circulation and speeded up the electrolyte penetrating into the materials. Therefore, rGO/CNT composite had great potential on supercapacitors.

The metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) behaviors of a solid-solution GH4169 superalloy were studied by two-pass hot compression tests. The effects of pre-strain (deformation degree of the first pass) on MDRX behaviors were analyzed. Results show that the MDRX behaviors intensely depend on the pre-strain. The MDRX fraction first increases and then drops with the increased pre-strain. This is because a relatively large pre-strain can facilitate the nucleation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains, which promotes the subsequent MDRX behaviors. However, due to the decreased stored deformation energy at relatively high pre-strain, the number of DRX grains cannot continuously increases. Thus, the MDRX fraction is reduced with the further increase of pre-strain. The segmented MDRX kinetics models were proposed and validated to describe the significant strain dependence of MDRX behaviors.

A set of compounds based on 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole group, namely, 4,4′-(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoic acid (1), 4,4′-(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dianiline (2), 4,4′-(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol (3), were obtained through reacting different aromatic nitrile and hydrazine under the solvothermal conditions, respectively. The title compounds 1–3 have been characterized by IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, element analysis (EA), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). In these compounds, a plenty of hydrogen bonds (C/N–H⋯O/N) and C H∙∙∙π can be obviously obtained, through which a three-dimensional framework will be constructed. The solid-state luminescent spectra of 1–3 show that the emission maxima are observed at 398, 464 and 402 nm, respectively. The order of maximal peaks is 1

The grain growth behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy after full recrystallization are investigated by hot compression test plus annealing treatment. Electron backscattered diffraction technology (EBSD) is utilized to analyze the grain boundary features. It is found that the annealing parameters greatly affect the average grain size, and annealing twin boundaries, including ∑3, ∑9, and ∑27 boundaries. The fully-recrystallized grains can rapidly grow up at relatively high annealing temperatures with the increase of annealing time. Meanwhile, large fractions of annealing twin boundaries form at the initial stage of annealing treatment. However, with the further increase of annealing time, the content of annealing twins slightly drops due to the migration of grain boundaries or twin boundaries. When the annealing temperature is increased, the shape of annealing twin is apparently lengthened while the number of annealing twin sharply decreases. In addition, the kinetics model for grain growth after full recrystallization is established and validated by the experimental observations.

A set of compounds based on 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole group, namely, x,x'-(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl) diphenol [x ​= ​2 (1), x ​= ​3 (2), x ​= ​4 (3)], were obtained through reacting a set of cyano-phenol and hydrazine under the solvothermal conditions, respectively. The title compounds 1–3 have been characterized by IR, element analysis (EA), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). A lot of hydrogen bonds (C/N/O–H⋯O/N) and C–H … π can be clearly observed in these compounds. It surprisedly occurs the presence of trans- and cis-conformation for compounds 3. The increasing order of the dihedral angles between the phenyl and triazole-yl rings is 1 ​ ​2>3. The luminescent maximal peaks decrease with the diminution of hydroxylic steric effects. The Hirshfeld surface analyses reveal that the contribution order of the O⋯H/H⋯O contacts in compounds 1–3 is listed: 1 ​

To investigate the hot deformation behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy, the hot compressive tests are conducted at the deformation temperature range of 920–1040 °C and strain rate range of 0.001-1s−1. It is found that the effects of strain rate and deformation temperature on the grain boundary maps are significant. An almost competed dynamic recrystallization (DRX) microstructure occurs at relatively low strain rates. However, the increased strain rate easily leads to the uneven microstructures. The DRX degree notably increases with the increase of deformation temperature, because the high temperature enhances the grain boundary migration mobility and facilitates the nucleation and growth of DRX grains. Based on the experimental results, multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP), artificial neural network (ANN) and Arrhenius type phenomenological models are established to predict the flow stress. Due to the obvious over-fitting problem of MGGP model, a Hannan-Quinn information criterion based MGGP (HQC-MGGP) approach is proposed. The performances of MGGP, HQC-MGGP, ANN and phenomenological models are compared. It is found that HQC-MGGP model has the best performance to predict the flow stress under the experimental conditions. Therefore, HQC-MGGP model is accurate and reliable in describing the hot deformation behaviors of the studied nickel-based superalloy.

The present study was designed to develop a novel method for identifying significant pathways associated with human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), based on gene co-expression analysis. The microarray dataset associated with HCM (E-GEOD-36961) was obtained from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute database. Informative pathways were selected based on the Reactome pathway database and screening treatments. An empirical Bayes method was utilized to construct co-expression networks for informative pathways, and a weight value was assigned to each pathway. Differential pathways were extracted based on weight threshold, which was calculated using a random model. In order to assess whether the co-expression method was feasible, it was compared with traditional pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, which were identified using the significance analysis of microarrays package. A total of 1,074 informative pathways were screened out for subsequent investigations and their weight values were also obtained. According to the threshold of weight value of 0.01057, 447 differential pathways, including folding of actin by chaperonin containing T-complex protein 1 (CCT)/T-complex protein 1 ring complex (TRiC), purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis and ubiquinol biosynthesis, were obtained. Compared with traditional pathway enrichment analysis, the number of pathways obtained from the co-expression approach was increased. The results of the present study demonstrated that this method may be useful to predict marker pathways for HCM. The pathways of folding of actin by CCT/TRiC and purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis may provide evidence of the underlying molecular mechanisms of HCM, and offer novel therapeutic directions for HCM.

We report a family cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a presymptomatic case. There were 9 family members, including 8 laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19, and a 6-year-old child had no evidence of infection. Among the 8 patients, 1 adult and a 13-month-old infant were asymptomatic, and 1 adult was diagnosed as having severe pneumonia.

The combination of field trial and indoor incubation experiment were conducted to examine the long-term effects of one-time application of bio-organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon (C) components, organic C mineralization, and enzyme activity in cucumber continuous cropping. Compared with CK, bio-organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of soil organic C, activated C pool, slow-release C pool and inert C pool during four continuous cucumber planting seasons. With the increases of the number of consecutive crops, the proportion of soil inert carbon gradually increased. After four continuous seasons of cucumber planting, the cumulative and daily mineralization rate of soil organic C in the bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased by 17.3%-31.0% and 7.8%-43.0%, respectively. In the stage of cucumber ripening, bio-organic fertilizer application increased the activities of continuous soil urease, catalase, sucrose and neutral phosphatase by 10.5%-62.1%, 4.8%-25.5%, 3.9%-21.4% and 4.6%-66.4%. The activities of those four enzymes increased with the increases of the application amount of organic fertilizer. Results from the correlation and path analysis showed that the activity of the four enzymes were significantly correlated with the dynamics of organic carbon components in soil cucumber continuous cropping process. Soil urease and invertase activities significantly affected organic carbon mineralization during the continuous cropping process of cucumber. Application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase soil organic carbon content and enzyme activity, improve inert carbon ratio of soil organic carbon pools, cumulative and mineralization rate of organic carbon in continuous cropping process, thereby enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity.采用田间定位试验和室内培养试验相结合的方法,研究了一次性施用生物有机肥对黄瓜连作土壤有机碳组分、有机碳矿化和酶活性的持续效应.结果表明: 连续种植4季黄瓜过程中,与对照处理(CK)相比,施用生物有机肥可明显增加黄瓜连作土壤总有机碳、活性碳库、缓效碳库和惰性碳库的有机碳含量,且随着黄瓜连作季数的增加,土壤惰性碳库比例逐渐增加;连续种植4季黄瓜后,施用生物有机肥处理中土壤有机碳累计矿化量和日均矿化量与CK相比分别增加了17.3%～31.0%和7.8%～43.0%,且在同一季黄瓜成熟期,施用生物有机肥还能提高黄瓜连作的土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶(中性)的活性,增幅分别为10.5%～62.1%、4.8%～25.5%、3.9%～21.4%和4.6%～66.4%.相关分析和通径分析结果表明,黄瓜连作过程中4种酶的活性与土壤有机碳各组分动态变化均呈显著相关,且黄瓜连作过程中土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性是影响有机碳矿化的主要生物酶.施用生物有机肥可提高黄瓜连作过程中土壤有机碳各组分含量和酶活性,增加土壤惰性碳库比例、有机碳累计矿化量和矿化速率,从而增强土壤固碳能力.