Search

Cell metabonomics focuses on discovering metabolic biomarkers and pathway changes in cells from biological systems to obtain the cell properties and functional information under different conditions. Baicalin possesses various pharmacological activities, and plays a vital role in the oncology research field. However, the detailed mechanism of its action is still unclear. In this work, we employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) based non-targeted metabolomics method associated with chemometrics analysis to explore metabolic pathways and biomarkers for investigating the efficacy and pharmacological targets of baicalin against thyroid cancer cells. In addition, morphological observation, parameter calculation of cell proliferation and apoptosis were carried out, which assisted in elucidation of pharmacological activity of baicalin on the human thyroid cancer cells. The results showed that baicalin possesses an intense stimulative apoptosis and inhibits proliferation activity on SW579 human thyroid cancer cells, and partially reversed the cell metabolite abnormalities. A total of nineteen differentiated metabolites in SW579 cells were identified and deemed as potential biomarkers after the baicalin treatment, involving nine metabolic pathways, such as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. High-throughput non-targeted metabolomics provide an insight into specialized mechanism of baicalin against thyroid cancer and contributes to novel drug discovery and thyroid cancer management in clinical practice.

According to origin of species, both animals and plants come from a common ancestor, so they all possess similar/same metabolic activities. Plants adapt to stress conditions by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) partly with secondary metabolites, which are often the medicinal ingredients. With this, the mechanism of pharmacological action and biological action of secondary metabolites may be the same. Radix saposhnikoviae the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata, has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was analyzed that the correlation between fever, analgesia and inflammation and the activities of POD, CAT, the H2O2 contents in serum before and after intravenous administration for cimicifugin, an active component. For the antipyretic, the correlation coefficient between the body temperature and the H2O2 contents was 0.9689 in the model group and 0.5221 in the treatment group, indicating that fever was closely related to the H2O2. In the presence of electron donor, POD can eliminate ROS, the correlation coefficient between POD activities and H2O2 content before and after administration were 0.8085 and -0.5070, respectively, indicating that cimicifugin can eliminate ROS through POD. At 39.5 ℃, POD activity was about 1.47 times that of normal body temperature, and the scavenging efficiency of POD was 2.94 times that of CAT, which indicated that cimicifugin enhanced the elimination of H2O2 mainly through POD. For the analgesic and anti-inflammatory, the correlation coefficients of POD activity with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were 0.6685 and 0.4466, respectively, indicating that they were closely related to the H2O2. In this paper, we found the ROS is an important factor of fever, pain and inflammation, the pharmacological actions of Radix Saposhnikoviae also is elimination of ROS through the synergistic action of chromone and POD, the mechanism of pharmacological action of Chromones being the same as the biological action of secondary metabolites.

Background: Plant have to face the more environmental stress than animal which can dodge unfavourable circumstances by moving about, it is inevitable that the reactive oxygen species(ROS), as a product of stress, are massive generated. Excessive ROS with a powerful oxidizability under stress could do harm to the protein, including enzymes. So it is impossible to eliminated too much ROS only by antioxidant enzymes. Plant have evolved a secondary metabolism as peculiar additional pathway, but the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites would be extremely costly due to the consumption of much material and energy during suitable condition, secondary metabolism are augmented only after the stress befall, meaning the secondary metabolites vary according to the ecological environment.Results: Using UHPLC -ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, a total of 24 differential compounts in root of Scutellaria baicalensis were identified between the drought and suitable condition. Based on Results of t-test analysis（P＜0.05）between various groups, ions whose VIP value ≧2, the most significant differential chemical markers of the drought condition were citric acid, shikimic acid, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyflavanone, 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7,8 -dimethoxyflavone, chrysin, eriodictyol, 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy flavone, highlighting that most of them were free flavonoids with many phenolic hydroxyl group of flavonoids, with a characteristic of higher avtivities. Conclusions: The diversity of secondary metabolites plays a crucial role, S. baicalensis modified the ability to eliminate ROS and matained the equilibrium of ROS through the biosynthesis and convertion between these flavonoid which contain many compounts, like an intricate buffer solution.

Background Plant have to face the more environmental stress than animal which can dodge unfavourable circumstances by moving about, it is inevitable that the reactive oxygen species(ROS), as a product of stress, are massive generated. Excessive ROS with a powerful oxidizability under stress could do harm to the protein, including enzymes. So it is impossible to eliminated too much ROS only by antioxidant enzymes. Plant have evolved a secondary metabolism as peculiar additional pathway, but the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites would be extremely costly due to the consumption of much material and energy during suitable condition, secondary metabolism are augmented only after the stress befall, meaning the secondary metabolites vary according to the ecological environment. Results Using UHPLC -ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, a total of 24 differential compounts in root of Scutellaria baicalensis were identified between the drought and suitable condition. Based on Results of t-test analysis(P

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an ancient medical system, has the advantages of multi-targeting and multi-ingredient preparations, and is different from modern pharmacology. However, because of the complexity of TCM and the limitation of present investigation method, the research for deciphering the scientific basis and systematic features of TCM is difficult to go further. Metabolomics has a significant increased study in recent years and enables mapping of early biochemical changes in disease and hence provides an opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers. Moreover, its method and design resemble those of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, it can provide useful tools for exploring essence of TCM, and will help to in-depth understand Chinese medicine syndromes. In this mini-paper, particular attention will be paid to the past successes in applications of robust metabolomics to contribute to small metabolites discovery in TCM development.

LDPC (low-density parity-check code) is a parity check code, and its performance is very close to Shannon limit. It is a sort of good channel code which has good ability of error correction. The coding can be introduced to an information-hiding algorithm because of its functional advantages. This way can improve robustness of a system in the process of information hiding, and it has a good application prospect. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed which concludes two steps. Firstly, the encryption information needs to be implemented scrambling dispose; secondly, LDPC codes and modulation are used in the algorithm, and the encryption information is embedded into the carrier image, so the process of watermark embedding is completed. The method realizes the double encryption of information, and it improves the system’s stability and security. Under the test of MATLAB emulation, the application of LDPC code in encryption algorithm is fully verified.

Recent advances in the study of high-throughput metabolomics combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry have accelerated our understanding of the efficacy, mechanisms, and application of natural products. In this study, we have used chemical metabolomics to investigate and discover small molecule metabolites for the potential mechanism of

The increasing demand of Chinese materia medica could not be supplied by wild resource, and the cultivated medicinal materials become popular, which led to decreased quality of many medicinal materials due to the difference of the circumstance between the wild and the cultivated. How to improve quality becomes key points of Chinese medicine resource. The leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis were sprayed with H₂O₂, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) changed little, but there had been a marked decrease of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbic oxidase (APX), which showed that the antioxidase system declined. Meanwhile, H₂O₂, as enhanced the expression of phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) as well as activity of PAL, promoted the biosynthesis and biotransformation of flavonoids. At the day 2 after treated, H₂O₂ of 0.004 μmol·L⁻¹ the contents of the baicalin and the wogonoside decreased slightly, but the contents of the baicalein and the wogonin increased significantly, the baicalein from 0.094% to 0.324%, the wogonin from 0.060% to 0.110%, i. e. increased 246% and 83.3%, respectively.

Introduction: 4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GML) is a conventional marker compound for quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Despite that, neither pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic information is available with regard to GML. As such, the aim of thisstudy was to assess the conventional evaluation indices for the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Materials and methods: Pyretic animal model, hot plate test, and ear edema model were established to evaluate and compare the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect of the chromone derivativescimifugin, prime-O-glucosylcimifugin (PGCN), and GML in Radix Saposhnikoviae. High performance liquid chromatography separation and analysis was used to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters. Simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was used to investigate the metabolite profiles of PGCN and GML in gastrointestinal tract. Results: Cimifugin exerted a marked dose-dependent antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect, whereas the effects of PGCN were relatively lower. GML had feeble pharmacodynamic effects. Pharmacokinetic study showed that only cimifugin was detected in the plasma sample of cimifugin and PGCN-treated animals, with drug concentration in the former much higher than the latter. No components were traced in the plasma samples from GML-treated rats. Stability study showed that PGCN and GML was predominantly biotransformed into cimifugin and 5-O-methyvisammiol, respectively. The latter was proven to be extremely unstable in liver tissue homogenate and plasma. Conclusions: A feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities was observed when GML was orally delivered. Given that Radix Saposhnikoviae extract is generally administered orally, we speculate that this compound might be a nonpharmacolagically active agent in real usage. Thus, it might be unscientific to evaluate the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae based on the content of GML. SUMMARY GML-derived cimifugin, which represents the potential pharma codynamic component of Radix Saposhnikoviae chromones, in plasma was almost nil in contrast to cimifugin and PGCN. And thus, feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities were found with GML. Abbreviations used: AUC:area under concentration-time curve, DNP:2,4-Dinitrophenol, HPLC:high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC-MS:high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrography, GML:4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, MVL:5-O-methyvisammiol, PGCN:prime-O-glucosylcimifugin, SGF:alkaline phosphatase. SIF:simulated intestinal fluid

In this paper, research the hypereutectic high chromium cast iron by the methed of semi-solid method for cooling inclined plate. Influence of cooling rate on size of primary carbides and mechanical property of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. The results showed that, speed up the cooling speed can effectively refine eutectic primary carbides in hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. The primary carbides was globularity and slug, provided with excellent mechanical properties. But when the cooling speed is too fast, the pouring temperature is too low, so that the liquid metal has high viscosity, poor mobility. there were a small amount of inclusions in the Preparation of casting. Although still generate pieces of fine carbides in the matrix, but the distribution is not uniform. disadvantage of the comprehensive performance.

Vegetative but not reproductive stage of Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turxz.) schischk possesses pharmacological activities. However, our recent study showed that reproductive S. divaricate supplemented with polysaccharide showed evidently elevated pharmacological activities and increased cimifugin content in rat serum. The aims of present study were to assess the influence of polysaccharides on the chromones pharmacological activities in Radix Saposhnikoviae (RS), the dried root of vegetative stage of S. divaricate, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Only cimifugin was detected in the plasma of chromone treated animals and RS polysaccharide significantly increased the plasma content of cimifugin. It was shown that neither cimifugin absorption nor glycoside components transformation in simulated digestive fluid was affected by RS polysaccharide. However, a significant promotion of transformation of cimifugin to more stable prime-O-glucosylcimifugin (PGCN) by RS polysaccharide, and a protective effect of polysaccharide on chromone components were observed in small intestine solutions. Meanwhile, RS polysaccharide produced a significant elevation of cimifugin and PGCN concentration in vivo. Based on these findings, we concluded that RS polysaccharide could greatly increase the content of cimifugin, which might be related to its degradation-proof effect on cimifugin, via transforming cimifugin to comparatively more stable PGCN and spatial structure protection.

In order to search for a new pathway to improve the yield of ginseng through growing at the full sun shine accompanied by salicylic acid (SA), the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in Panax ginseng leaves, and the content of ginsenosides in roots were compared under various concentrations of SA and full sun shine with the traditional shade shed. Under the full sun shine, 0.05, 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA increased net photosynthetic rate to a great extent. Under the cloudy day, the average net photosynthetic rate increased by 127.8% and 155.0% over the traditional shade shed, 13.9% and 27.5% over the treatment without SA respectively; under the clear day, 23.5% and 30.4% over the traditional shade shed, 8.6% and 14.6% over the treatment without SA, particularly obvious in the morning and late afternoon. With such concentration, SA increased activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and decreased the contents of the MDA. This difference resulted from different light intensity, rise of light saturation point, and fall of compensation point. Full sun shine decreased ginsenosides contents, but with SA, the ginsenosides regained, the content of Rg1 and Re, Rb1, total six types of ginsenosides in SA 0.2 mmol x L(-1) group were higher than those in the control group (P0.05) and other groups. The application of 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA under full sun shine during a short time has little threat to the P. ginseng in spring, and could enhance the resistance to the adversity, which would improve the yield of ginseng heavily.

Serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is designed to screen the efficacy material base of TCMs from the constituents absorbed into the blood after oral administration. The theory and method is in accordance with the effect characteristics of TCMs, and reflects the interaction between the body and the drugs, has become an effective pathway for researching the efficacy material base of TCMs which has been recognized and used widely. In the paper, the previous research contents and methods of the serum pharmacochemistry of TCM were reviewed, and on the basis of the further validity of the special administration form of the TCM formula and the corresponding property to TCM syndrome, the new strategy of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM integrating the metabonomics technologies was put forward. According to the strategy, we take the biological characters of TCM syndrome as a research starting point, taking TCM formula as object, using the metabolic biomarkers of syndromes or disease to evaluate the therapeutic effect of formula and screen the compounds of TCMs in serum which are highly correlated with the metabolic biomarkers through the correlation analysis, and by further biological validation to finally confirm the efficacy material basis of TCMs. Integrating with the systems biology technologies, the theory and method of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM will further develop, and open a new chapter in the interpretation of the theory of TCM.

Ceramic coatings were successfully fabricated on Mg-7Li alloy in Na2SiO3 electrolyte by microarc oxidation (MAO). The phase composition, formation mechanism and infrared emissivity of the coatings were investigated. Results show that the surface of MAO coating exists some micropores with a diameter of 2-6μm due to electric breakdown. The MAO coating with 13μm thickness is mainly composed of MgO, Li2O2 and Mg2SiO4. The infrared emissivity of the MAO coating is higher than that of bare Mg-7Li alloy, mainly because the coating consisting of ionic crystals has lower lattice vibration symmetry and larger dipole moment.

The excellent properties of Mg-Li alloys make them suitable light fabrication materials used extensively in many applications. The microstructure and the surface oxide film at different temperature of as-cast Mg-7Li alloy were investigated by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electronic analytical balance. Results showed that Mg-7Li alloy was composed of mainly α phase and β phase. With increasing temperature, the morphology of the alloy surface varied from the formation of a very thin oxide film, large amounts of oxide particles to the thick and coarse film with a mass of cellular protuberances in size of 40-80μm. The ratio of oxidation weight gains rose from 0.08% to 11.58%. The surface oxide film consisted of mainly magnesium oxide(MgO) phase and lithium peroxide(Li2O2) phase, resulting from the reaction of oxygen with Mg and Li. The volume of the oxides on β phase greater than that on α phase led to the formation of cellular protuberance on the surface of Mg-7Li alloy at high temperature.

The aim of this study is to describe the remineralization effect of the nano-HA on artificial caries. The artificial dental caries are made by using sour solution, and constructing an artificial mouth' plaque culture system in vitro respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the optical microscope are used to observe the surface of enamel specimens. The effect of remineralization is assessed with the polarized light microscopy (PLM) and the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) by measuring three lesion parameters (area, total and average fluorescence). The SEM analysis shows that the cavities and defects of enamel surface are decreased and many mineral salts are sedimentated, which indicate that the nano-HA could promote remineralization for the demineralized enamel. The inhibitory effect of the spherical nano-HA on dental caries is detected in the artificial mouth test. The CLSM shows that demineralization of enamel is reduced by adding the spherical nano-HA in artificial mouth. The results show that the spherical nano HA have a remineralization effect on the artificial dental caries dramatically, and can prevent and decrease caries.

Chitosan fibers(CSf) andCaSiO3 were incorporated into a poly (L-lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLLA/HA) matrix as reinforcements to prepare scaffold composites with adequate strength and high porosity for bone tissue engineering combined with emulsion freeze drying technique. The structural morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The porosity was tested by liquid substitute method. The mechanical property was measured. The effects of addition of CSf and CaSiO3 on composites were also discussed. Simulated body fluid (SBF) experiments were conducted to assess the bioactivity of the composites. The chemical components of resultants on surfaces after the immersion in SBF were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the composites with high connectivity have pore sizes of 100~250μm, a porosity of 60%~80%, compressive strength of 3.5~8.0MPa. In the SBF tests, Chitosan fiber reinforced PLLA/HA-CaSiO3 composite degraded stably, meanwhile, the formation of a layer of bone-like apatite on the surfaces of the samples indicated a good bioactivity. Studies suggest the feasibility of using CSf reinforced PLLA /HA-CaSiO3 composite for bone tissue engineering.

The Nano-HA powder was prepared by chemical precipitation. Magnesium powders were used to make porous ultramicron HA ceramic, and the biological properties of which were investigated by hemolysis rate and cytotoxicity tests. The experimental results shows that the hemolysis rate of the nano-HA powder and porous ultramicron HA ceramic were all less than 5% and none of them showed cytotoxicity. The results indicated that nano-HA and porous ultramicron HA ceramic were provided with good biocompatibility.

The Nano-HA powder were synthesized by chemical precipitation with Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O and Ca (OH)2 and porous HA was prepared by sintering with magnesium as pore-creator. Nano-HA powder and porous HA were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results show that HA powder synthesized by chemical precipitation is nanometer powder. Magnesium was ideal pore-creator for preparation of porous materials. The grain size of porous HA was sub-micron and MgO which existed in the grain boundary of HA as a second phase particles that played the roles of inhibiting the HA grain growth.

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic matrix with interconnected ducts was obtained using a porogen burnout technique at 1200°C. The HA/silk fibroin (SF) composite scaffolds were developed with the SF sponges formed inside the pores and ducts of the bioceramics by first introducing HA/SF slurries into the pores and ducts followed by a freeze-drying process. Phase components and morphology of materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Porosity was measured by Archimedean method. Compressive strength was also measured. The simulated body fluids (SBF) experiments were conducted to evaluate bioactivity. The results show that hydroxyapatite is the main phase compositions after sintering at 1200°C. The porosity of composite scaffolds reaches 70%~80%. The sizes of pores and ducts of HA matrix range from 150μm to 400μm and the pore sizes of SF sponges formed inside the macroporous structure of bioceramics are approximately 100μm,a structure favorable for bone tissue in-growth. The compressive strength of the composite scaffolds is greatly improved in comparison with that of HA matrix. In the SBF tests, a layer of randomly oriented apatite crystals form on the scaffold surface after sample immersion in SBF. The cell culture experiments show that the osteoblast cells are attached and proliferated on the surface of the composite scaffold, which suggest good bioactivity and cellular compatibility of the composite material.

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the synthetic nanohydroxyapatite (HA) on dental caries. The nano-HA was synthesized by using the depositing reaction of Ca (H2PO4)2. The artificial dental caries was made by using sour solution and inoculating Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) to the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat’s mouth respectively. After mineralization of solution of nano-HA for 10 days, the hardness of enamel was measured. The inhibitory effect of the synthetic nano-HA on dental caries was detected by gargling way to rinse the rat tooth with the solution of nano-HA in the animal test. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the dried HA particles were needle-like with ф5-20nm×60nm and the sintered HA particles were spherical with less than 100nm. The remineralized test indicated that the solution of nano-HA with different shapes enhanced the hardness of artificial caries and improved the remineralization of artificial caries. The animal test showed that the dried nano-HA had the inhibitory effect on dental caries. The good absorptive effect of the nano-HA on both the saliva protein and the glucans leads to the development of interventions that could reduce or modify bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces.

The porous scaffolds of silk fibroin-chitosan /nano-hydroxyapatite (SF-CS / n-HA) were fabricated through the freeze- drying technique. Component, structure and morphology of scaffolds were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffusion (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were measured. The simulated body fluid (SBF) experiments were conducted to assess the bioactivity of the scaffolds. Results indicate that chemical binding is formed between HA and organics, the macropore diameter of the scaffolds varies from 150 to 400μm. The porous scaffolds with interconnected pores possess a high porosity of 78%-91% and compressive strength of 0.26 -1.96MPa, which can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of organic phases and prefreezing temperature. In the SBF tests, a layer of randomly oriented bone-like apatite crystals formed on the scaffold surface, which suggested that the composite material had good bioactivity. Studies suggest the feasibility of using SF-CS /n-HA composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

A composite of needle-like nano-Hydroxyapatite / silk fibroin (n-HA/SF) with strong interfacial bonding was successfully prepared from calcium chloride (CaCl2) and diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as starting materials of HA in the presence of SF powders dissolved in a ternary solvent system of CaCl2-C2H5OH-H2O (1:2:8 in molar ration) at 80 °C for 30 min prior to preparation of n-HA/SF composite. The n-HA crystals in the composite were poorly crystallized and uniformly distributed in the composite with a crystal size of 4~6 nm in diameter and 20~40 nm in length, which was smaller than that of pure nano-HA. Molecular interaction and strong chemical bonds were formed between n-HA and SF in the composite, which were revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometric analysis (FTIR). The synthetic n-HA/SF composite had a good homogeneity and preferential orientation along c-axis and would have a great potential for bone tissue engineering.

The aim of this study is to describe the remineralization effect of the nano-HA toothpaste on artificial caries. The artificial dental caries is made using sour solution. The demineralized teeth specimen is put into five kinds of toothpaste solution respectively for 5 days and 10 days, which are: solution of containing needle like nano-HA, solution of containing spherical nano-HA, solution of general HA, fluorine sodium solution and physiological saline. The hardness of specimen is measured and the surface morphology is characterized by SEM. The remineralized test indicates that the nano-HA toothpaste can enhance the hardness of artificial caries and improve the remineralization of artificial caries. The SEM analysis shows that the cavities and defects of enamel surface are decreased and many mineral salts are sedimentated, which indicate that the nano-HA could promote remineralization for the demineralized enamel.

The paper deals with a kind of new method of the electro-deposition on titanium by a cathode revolves. The depositing characteristic and mechanic were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results show that the more fine uniformity and compact calcium phosphate bioactive coatings could be produced, compared with the conventional methods. The gradient Coating, which is fine inside and porous outside, could be obtained by controlling revolving velocity. The coating would transform to the hydroxyapatite after heat-treatment. After soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF), nano-depositions were formed on the surface of the coating, then those particles would grow up needle-like, net-like, and an apatite-like layer could be observed finally. The gradient porosity coatings produced by cathode revolving electrochemical deposition would have high anti-dissolution and bioactive.

The purpose of this study is to examine the inhibitory effects of nano-HA on the caries-inducing properties of a four-organism bacterial consortium in vitro. A series of in vitro anticarious experiments have been carried out by using a continuous culture system. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus have been chosen as the experimental bacteria. After 48 hours, the dental plaque surface structure is observed with the scan electron microscope and the bacterial colonization was evaluated on dental plaque. The results show that Spherical nano-HA and mixed nano-HA are proved to be effective in anticarious experiments, and especially spherical nano-HA is more striking. It is able to damage the formation of biofilms (dental plaque), postpone or end the process of acid generation of bacteria metabolism. After 7 days, the demineralization of the enamel has been detected by using TEM. The spherical nano-HA might have a remineralization to early caries to prevent and decrease caries.

The establishment of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine system that not only accords with Chinese medicine function characteristics but also is recognized as international medical circles, is an arduous task in urgent need of solving the current modernization of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of internationalization. It is difficult to evaluate atraditional Chinese medicine by detection of single active components in traditional Chinesemedicinewiththe western medicine quality controlmethod due to the overall effects of traditional Chinese drugs, the components of the overall diversity, targets, and the complexity of the interaction between components of unpredictable make the Long-term since, domestic and foreign scholars continue to explore and put forward a series of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarized the related academic ideas and developments to, providea new thought and perspective for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.

To provide the basis for improving ginseng production by exploring the difference of physio-biochemistry of Panax ginseng after increasing light intensity.Activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD), hydrogen peroxidase (CAT), and peroxydase (POD), as well as contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a and b under full-light condition were compared with those in the shade in spring and autumn.Activity of three kinds of enzymes in the anti-oxidation system (SOD,CAT and POD) were 27.52%, 41.96% and 37.7% higher than the shade group, respectively. The content of MDA was 11.23% lower. There had no obvious difference on the content of chlorophyll a, but chlorophyll b was decreased slightly.Increasing the light intensity properly can improve the activities of enzyme protection system, and lower the content of MDA, which indicates that the increasing of light will provide a theoretic guide for high-production technique of Panax ginseng.

The hydroxyapatite (HA) particle with different morphologies were prepared by adding a certain additive into Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O and controlling the bathing and sintering temperature, and the pure needle-like HA sol were obtained when the bathing temperature was 70°C. The experimental results show that the degree of crystallization of HA increase and the particles tend to accumulate with increasing of the drying and sintering temperatures. The particles of HA were spheroid, which diameters were of less than 100nm when they were sintered at the temperature of 700°C. The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite on remineralization of early enamel caries were studied too. The hardness of dismineralized enamel was increased when dismineralized enamel was remineralized by nano-hydroxyapatite. The SEM analysis shows that the interspace of enamel surface were decreased and the many mineral salts were sedimentated, which indicated that the nano-hydroxyapatie could promote remineralization for the dismineralized enamel.

After China's foundations, the diminution in wild medicinal plants, social progress, and improvement of science and technology level promoted the cultivation development of the traditional Chinese medicine, the traditional Chinese medicine from cultivation will become the principal source of future commodity. The broad of wide distribution, diversity of environment, and the difference of cultivation benefit formed major producing areas. According to the ecological factors and social and economic development of major producing areas, major producing areas could be divided into quality oriented, yield oriented, benefit oriented, humanity oriented, special environment oriented, and integrated factors oriented, based on the quality and the yield of the Chinese medicine, and economic benefit. The results could provides scientific guidance for the choice of a new optimum growing areas.

To determine the suitable regions of Acanthopanax senticosus and provide the basis for its resource census, reservation, wild nature and cultivation.The traditional Chinese medicine geographic information system (TCMGIS) was used to select the suitable producing areas.The ecological environments of 269 counties in 11 province or directly governed city region were suitable for Acanthopanax senticosus. They were located in Xiaoxing'anling, Changbai Mountain, Daxing' anling, Yanshan Mountains, Taihang Mountains and Qinling, among which Heilongjiang accounted for 49.3% and Inner Mongolia reached 22.4%, Jilin reached 16.5%, Liaoning reached 4.3%, the total of Hebei, Beijing, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan and Gansu was 7.4%.

To establishing a standard processing method for cultivated Saposhnikovia divaricata.Crude drug was dried at different temperature, and the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cimifugin,cimifugin,4'-O-beta-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, sec-O-glucosyl-hamaudol in the processed crude drug were determined by HPLC.Of the contents of the four compounds, the sample that heated by 45 degrees C was at the best level. Prim-O-glucosggl-cinmifugin was 0.636%, cimifugin was 0.043%, 5-O-methtlvsamminol was 0.598%, sec-O-glu-cosyl-hamaudol was 1.85%, and total content was 1.302%.The best drying temperature for processing is 45 degrees C.

Porous composites composed of hydroxyapatite (HA), herb epimedium (EP), and chitosan (CS) were used to improve the repair of rabbit bone defects. The in vivo implantation of the HA/CS-EP showed that homogeneous bone formation occurred after 12 weeks' implantation and possessed good osteogenesis. The osteogenic process of the HA/CS-EP group was different from that of the HA/CS group. Direct bone formation of osteoblasts with HA/CS-EP as the matrix could be observed. Compared with the group filled with HA/CS, the group filled with HA/CS-EP showed significant increases in the number of osteoblasts and the bone formation area, and the areas of new bone formation in the HA/CS-EP group after 4 or 12 weeks' implantation reached 33% and 87%, respectively. The novel repair system of HA/CS-EP can induce bone formation, increase osteoblast quantity and improve osteogenesis, for EP can significantly promote the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts in the early stage and accelerate bone remodeling in the later stage. Composites containing EP could be a promising material with multifunctions of osteoinduction, osteoconduction and medication for bone repair, and herb medicine EP could be used as an osteoinduction material for bone tissue engineering.