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Because it is traditionally difficult and time-consuming to identify the foramen ovale (FO) with fluoroscopy, we recently developed the H-figure method to acquire fluoroscopic view of FO with shorter procedure time and less radiation. However, the impact of such an H-figure approach on the clinical outcomes of trigeminal ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) in treating idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) remains unclear. In a 12-month follow-up retrospective cohort study, patients with ITN had fluoroscopy-guided RFT of trigeminal ganglion via either classic approach (n = 100) or H-figure approach (n = 136) to identify FO. Data of continuous variables were analyzed with a Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and subsequently with a Mann-Whitney test, and the binary data were analyzed with a χ2 test. The primary outcome was the facial pain measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 1 year after the treatment. The secondary outcomes included the quality of the fluoroscopic FO views, the threshold voltage to provoke paresthesia, the procedure time, the number of fluoroscopic images, and the facial numbness VAS. Compared with the classic approach group, the H-figure approach group was associated with better long-term pain relief after the procedure, with significantly fewer patients had pain 3 months (6.6% vs 17.0%, P = .012) and 12 months (21.3% vs 38.0%, P = .005) after the procedure, and among patients who had pain after the procedure, patients in the H-figure group had significantly less pain 6 months after the procedure (VAS median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 3 [2-6] vs 6 [4-7], P < .001). Moreover, compared to the classic approach, the H-figure approach provided better fluoroscopic view of FO, lower threshold voltage to elicit paresthesia (median [IQR]: 0.2 [0.2-0.3] vs 0.4 [0.4-0.5] V, P < .0001), with shorter procedure time (median [IQR]: 7.5 [6.0-9.0] vs 14.0 [10.0-18.0] min, P < .0001), and required fewer fluoroscopic images (median [IQR]: 4.0 [3.0-5.0] vs 8.0 [6.0-10.0], P < .0001). RFT of the trigeminal ganglion using the H-figure approach is associated with superior longer term clinical pain relief than the classic approach in treating ITN.

In online sharing economy platforms, users often need to cooperate with strangers with minimal information. When personal photos are available on these platforms, how do users form social perceptions and consequently cooperative intention? According to the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model and the kin selection theory, the authors propose that facial resemblance between two partners affects their perceptions of the cognitive trustworthiness, affective trustworthiness, attractiveness, and sociability of the partner, and that these social perceptions affect their cooperative intention. In the experiment, subjects evaluate the face of five potential partners of various levels of facial resemblance. The results support that the effect of facial resemblance on cooperative intention is mediated by social perceptions. Moreover, the transactional values and social values of the task partially moderate the effect of facial resemblance on social perceptions for female subjects. Sharing economy platforms may leverage the facial resemblance to facilitate cooperation among strangers.

Under the rapid development of the economy and society, the development process of the financial sector is also accelerating now. Nowadays, a variety of financial data information is emerging, how to fully combine these big data with the financial field is the key topic of general concern in the financial field, the combination of the two can make effective use of various financial data, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the entire financial field. Therefore, this paper focuses on the specific application of computer big data in the field of finance, which has practical significance.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the network image recognition technology of machine learning is intelligent and production and life in computer vision system technology in China have gradually achieved significant success. On this basis, the computer network image recognition system is constructed by machine learning with image features such as cross-verification, fitting, accuracy, feature selection, and dimensionality reduction, and the results show that the machine learning algorithm improves the stability and multi-domain application of computer image recognition through cross-verification and deviation of decision tree units. Recognition technologies such as feature vector extraction, edge information, and texture features of machine learning algorithms improve the accuracy of image recognition.

In this paper, we consider the entire solution to the parabolic 2 2 -Hessian equation − u t σ 2 ( D 2 u ) = 1 -u_t\sigma _2(D^2 u)=1 in R n × ( − ∞ , 0 ] \mathbb {R}^n\times (-\infty ,0] . We prove a rigidity theorem for the parabolic 2 2 -Hessian equation in R n × ( − ∞ , 0 ] \mathbb {R}^n\times (-\infty ,0] by establishing Pogorelov type estimates for 2 2 -convex-monotone solutions.

One of the most significant breakthroughs in physics of the last decade has been the discovery that materials with non-trivial topological properties for electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical responses can be designed and manufactured at our will through engineered metamaterials (MMs). Here, we review the foundation and the state-of-the-art advances of topological photonics, acoustics and mechanical MMs. We discuss how topological MMs enable nontrivial wave phenomena in physics, engineering, of great interest for a broad range of interdisciplinary science disciplines such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the foundations of topological materials and the main concepts behind their peculiar features, including the concepts of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of electronic band structures in natural topological materials, like topological insulators and gapless Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Based on these concepts, we review the concept, design and response of topologically nontrivial MMs in photonics and phononics, including topological phases in 2D MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet TIs based on spatial and temporal modulation, topological phases in 3D MMs, higher-order topological phases in MMs, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs and the topological features of scattering anomalies. We also discuss the topological properties emerging in other related contexts, such as the topological aspects of chemical reactions and polaritons. This survey aims at connecting the recent advances in a broad range of scientific areas associated with topological concepts, and highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community at large.

Extreme anisotropy in some polaritonic materials enables light propagation with a hyperbolic dispersion, leading to enhanced light-matter interactions and directional transport. However, these features are typically associated with large momenta that make them sensitive to loss and poorly accessible from far-field, being bound to the material interface or volume-confined in thin films. Here, we demonstrate a new form of directional polaritons, leaky in nature and featuring lenticular dispersion contours that are neither elliptical nor hyperbolic. We show that these interface modes are strongly hybridized with propagating bulk states, sustaining directional, long-range, sub-diffractive propagation at the interface. We observe these features using polariton spectroscopy, far-field probing and near-field imaging, revealing their peculiar dispersion, and – despite their leaky nature – long modal lifetime. Our leaky polaritons (LPs) nontrivially merge sub-diffractive polaritonics with diffractive photonics onto a unified platform, unveiling opportunities that stem from the interplay of extreme anisotropic responses and radiation leakage.

Introduction: Smart grid financial market forecasting is an important topic in deep learning. The traditional LSTM network is widely used in time series forecasting because of its ability to model and forecast time series data. However, in long-term time series forecasting, the lack of historical data may lead to a decline in forecasting performance. This is a difficult problem for traditional LSTM networks to overcome.Methods: In this paper, we propose a new deep-learning model to address this problem. This WOA-CNN-BiLSTM model combines bidirectional long short-term memory network BiLSTM and convolution Advantages of Neural Network CNN. We replace the traditional LSTM network with a bidirectional long short-term memory network, BiLSTM, to exploit its ability in capturing long-term dependencies. It can capture long-term dependencies in time series and is bidirectional modelling. At the same time, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features of time series data to better represent and capture patterns and regularity in the data. This method combining BiLSTM and CNN can learn the characteristics of time series data more comprehensively, thus improving the accuracy of prediction. Then,to further improve the performance of the CNN-BiLSTM model, we optimize the model using the whale algorithm WOA. This algorithm is a new optimization algorithm, which has good global search ability and convergence speed, and can complete the optimization of the model in a short time.Results: Optimizing the CNN-BiLSTM model through the WOA algorithm can reduce its calculation and training speed, improve the prediction accuracy of the smart grid financial market, and improve the prediction ability of the smart grid financial market. Experimental results show that our proposed CNN-BiLSTM model has better prediction accuracy than other models and can effectively deal with the problem of missing historical data in long-term sequence forecasting.Discussion: This provides necessary help for the development of smart grid financial markets and risk management services, and can promote the development and growth of the smart grid industry. Our research results are of great significance in deep learning, and provide an effective method and idea for solving the financial market forecasting problem of smart grid.

The haemolymph node (HLN) has been studied for more than a century and was generally focused on areas of anatomy and histology mostly in human cadavers, larger animals and rats, seldom in mice. In this project, 126 lymph nodes were harvested and studied from different regions of 8 Kunming mice. Out of 8 mice, 3 had the phenomenon of HLN. Within the 3 mice, 9 HLN were found located in: the parathymic, superior vena cava, suprarenal and lumbar regions. Among 9 nodes, 4 of them had either an appearance of HLN or macrophage-erythrocyte-lymphocyte (EML) rosettes in sinuses, 5 had only a few EML rosettes in sinuses without the appearance of HLN. Each MEL rosette was composed of a macrophage in the centre surrounded by numerous erythrocytes and often contained a lymphocyte. Some rosettes were seen without lymphocytes, and some with uncompleted erythrocytes’ wreath. It was further observed that deformed erythrocytes were distributed in sinuses. These phenomena might reflect the functional status of the HLN at that time.

The lattice symmetry of a crystal is one of the most important factors in determining its physical properties. Particularly, low-symmetry crystals offer powerful opportunities to control light propagation, polarization and phase1–4. Materials featuring extreme optical anisotropy can support a hyperbolic response, enabling coupled light–matter interactions, also known as polaritons, with highly directional propagation and compression of light to deeply sub-wavelength scales5. Here we show that monoclinic crystals can support hyperbolic shear polaritons, a new polariton class arising in the mid-infrared to far-infrared due to shear phenomena in the dielectric response. This feature emerges in materials in which the dielectric tensor cannot be diagonalized, that is, in low-symmetry monoclinic and triclinic crystals in which several oscillators with non-orthogonal relative orientations contribute to the optical response6,7. Hyperbolic shear polaritons complement previous observations of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in orthorhombic1,3,4 and hexagonal8,9 crystal systems, unveiling new features, such as the continuous evolution of their propagation direction with frequency, tilted wavefronts and asymmetric responses. The interplay between diagonal loss and off-diagonal shear phenomena in the dielectric response of these materials has implications for new forms of non-Hermitian and topological photonic states. We anticipate that our results will motivate new directions for polariton physics in low-symmetry materials, which include geological minerals10, many common oxides11 and organic crystals12, greatly expanding the material base and extending design opportunities for compact photonic devices.

Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) plays critical roles in redox biology, and its regulatory effects are tightly controlled by its cellular location and concentration. The imbalance of H(2)S is believed to contribute to some pathological processes. Recent Advances: Downregulation of H(2)S requires chemical tools such as inhibitors of H(2)S-producing enzymes and H(2)S scavengers. Recent efforts have discovered some promising inhibitors and scavengers. These advances pave the road toward better understanding of the functions of H(2)S. Critical Issues: Precise H(2)S downregulation is challenging. The potency and specificity of current inhibitors are still far from ideal. H(2)S-producing enzymes are involved in complex sulfur metabolic pathways and ubiquitously present in biological matrices. The inhibition of these enzymes can cause unwanted side effects. H(2)S scavengers allow targeted H(2)S clearance, but their options are still limited. In addition, the scavenging process often results in biologically active by-products. Future Directions: Further development of potent and specific inhibitors for H(2)S-producing enzymes is needed. Scavengers that can rapidly and selectively remove H(2)S while generating biocompatible by-products are needed. Potential therapeutic applications of scavengers and inhibitors are worth exploring. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 294–308.

Structural anisotropy in a crystal is one of the key tools for controlling light propagation. The correlation between crystalline structure and the interaction with light is strongest in the infrared spectral regime, where optical frequencies overlap with anisotropic lattice resonances of materials, thereby enabling light-matter coupling through quasiparticles called phonon polaritons (PhPs). In recent years, the exploration of PhPs in anisotropic materials has yielded new levels of confinement and manipulation of light. The strongly anisotropic bonds in materials such as hBN and MoO3 lead to hyperbolic phonon polaritons that exhibit even stronger light confinement and propagation directionality than conventional polaritons. Recently, we showed that the enhanced anisotropy and non-orthogonal structure of the monoclinic crystal β-Ga2O3 (bGO) induces a remarkable rotation of the optical axis with frequency ("axial dispersion") associated to nano- to microscopic shear phenomena, resulting in hyperbolic PhPs that exhibit dramatic propagation asymmetry along the hyperbolic polaritonic branches. Here, we employ a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) coupled to a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) to enable direct imaging of the symmetry-broken propagation patterns of hyperbolic shear polaritons in bGO within the far-infrared. Further, we demonstrate how we can control and enhance the shear-induced propagation asymmetry of nano-antenna-launched shear polaritons, by varying the incidence direction with respect to the crystal orientation, as well as by momentum selection using different sizes of nano-antennas. Finally, we also observe significant rotation of the hyperbola axis as we change the incident light frequency. Our work thereby paves a foundation for widespread utilization and device implementation of polaritons in low-symmetry crystals.

Background: The knowledge of the intrarenal lymphatic vasculature, especially the lymphatic endothelial microchannel, still remains unclear, that restricts the development of modern scientific research to support clinical management. Methods: Twelve kidneys harvested from 6 white mice were used for the investigation. Four kidneys were histologically sliced for hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining examinations. Four of them were sliced horizontally and coronally into 1mm thick tissues after ventricular perfusion was performed by a solution of 4% paraformaldehyde mixed with Indian ink, and then were inspected by a confocal laser scanning microscope after immunofluorescence staining followed by tissue clearing. Four were sliced and examined by scanning electron microscope. Results: The lymphatic vasculature has been detected in the renal tissue of the mouse. The arrangement of renal lymphatic vessels of the mouse was irregular in the cortex. In the 3-dimensional confocal image, many lymphatic endothelial microchannels were visible in the wall of segmental vessels. The ultra-structural feature of the lymphatic endothelial microchannel was noticed in the SEM image. Conclusion: The intrarenal lymphatic vascularture in the renal cortex of the mouse has been presented and the lymphatic endothelial microchannel has been described in detail. The results will provide basic knowledge of animal experiment for further scientific study and clinical applications.

Redox signaling molecules include a number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS). These molecules work collectively in the regulation of many physiological processes. Understanding the crosstalk mechanisms in these signaling molecules is important but challenging. The development of donor compounds of ROS/RNS/RSS will aid the advances in this field. While many donors that can release one ROS/RNS/RSS have been developed, dual donors that can release two signaling species and facilitate their crosstalk studies are still very rare. Those limited examples lack the ability to precisely control the timing of two releases. In this work, a 2-methoxy-6-naphthacyl-derived tertiary SNO compound, Naph-SNO, was designed and evaluated as the dual donor for NO and H

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) play regulatory roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Since the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a nitric oxide (NO)-like signaling molecule, understanding the chemical biology of H2S and H2S-related RSS, such as hydropersulfides (RSSH) and polysulfides (H2Sn), has become a fast-growing research field. However, the research on these RSS has technical difficulties due to their high reactivity and instability. To solve this problem, considerable efforts have been put into the development of unique RSS releasing compounds (e.g., donors) or in situ RSS generation systems. This Account tells the story of our research group's effort to develop novel RSS donors.We began with exploring molecular entities that were stable by themselves but could be triggered by biologically relevant factors, such as pH, thiols, light, or enzymes, to release H2S in a controllable fashion. These studies led to the discovery of a series of novel H2S donors. We later expanded our interests to other RSS including RSSH, H2Sn, RSeSH, HSNO, RSOH, etc. The fundamental chemistry of these RSS was studied and applied to the development of the corresponding donors. In addition to small molecule donors, we also worked on H2S-releasing biomaterials and their applications. This Account summarizes our work and systematically explains how each RSS donor template was proposed and evaluated. The Account covers the following key points: (1) rational chemistry design of each RSS donor template, (2) evaluation and mechanistic insights of each donor template, and (3) properties and biological applications of the donors.

The uniaxial tensile test of the 5A06-O aluminium–magnesium (Al–Mg) alloy sheet was performed in the temperature range of 20–300 °C to obtain the true stress–true strain curves at different temperatures and strain rates. The constitutive model of 5A06-O Al–Mg alloy sheet with the temperature range from 150 to 300°C was established. Based on the test results, a unique finite element simulation platform for warm hydroforming of 5A06-O Al–Mg alloy was set up using the general finite element software MSC.Marc to simulate warm hydroforming of classic specimen, and a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model for warm hydroforming of cylindrical cup was built up. Combined with the experiment, the influence of the temperature field distribution and loading conditions on the sheet formability was studied. The results show that the non-isothermal temperature distribution conditions can significantly improve the forming performance of the material. As the temperature increases, the impact of the punching speed on the forming becomes particularly obvious; the optimal values of the fluid pressure and blank holder force required for forming are reduced.

To evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and induced expression of skin biomarkers of AK111 injection after multiple administrations in subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.This study is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-parallel-controlled study using a dose escalation mode of multiple doses. A total of 48 subjects were sequentially randomized to receive each AK111 dose regimen (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, 450 mg) or the corresponding placebo. All subjects were treated with the study drug at weeks 0, 1, 4, and 8 and were unblinded at week 12, with the placebo group ending and the AK111 group being followed up to 20 weeks.At week 12, compared with placebo, the percentage of subjects achieving Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75 (PASI75) and static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) 0/1 in the AK111 75 mg-450 mg dose groups was significantly increased, and higher PASI90 was achieved in the 150 mg, 300 mg, and 450 mg dose groups than in the 75 mg group. All efficacy indicators were maintained at week 20. The incidence of treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) was 0% (0/48). Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were not detected in any subject. The proportion of subjects who reported any treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was 75.0% in the AK111 group, similar to the 66.7% in the placebo group. The most commonly reported adverse events were hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, and hypokalemia. The AK111 pharmacokinetics showed approximate dose proportionality with regard to the maximum observed concentration (CAfter moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis subjects received multiple subcutaneous AK111 injections of 150-450 mg, AK111 exposure increased in a roughly dose-proportional relationship. AK111 was safe and tolerable. In subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, AK111 demonstrated encouraging preliminary efficacy, which was sustained for a relatively long time after the last dose administration.The clinical trial identification number is NCT05504317.

Objectives To evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and the expression of skin biomarkers of AK111 injection after multiple administration in subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, and to evaluate the preliminary clinical efficacy in the trial. Methods This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-parallel controlled study using a dose escalation mode of multiple doses. 48 subjects were sequentially randomized to receive each of AK111 dose regimens (75mg, 150mg, 300mg, 450mg) or corresponding placebo. All subjects were treated with the study drug at week 0/1/4/8 and were unblinded at week 12 with the placebo group being ended, and AK111 group being followed up to 20 weeks. Results A total of 48 subjects were randomized. At week 12, compared with placebo, the percentage of subjects achieving PASI75 and sPGA0/1 in AK111 75mg, 150mg, 300mg, and 450mg dose groups was significantly increased, and higher PASI90 was achieved in 150mg, 300mg, and 450mg dose groups than in 75mg group. All efficacy indicators were maintained at week 20. The incidence of treatment-emergent Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) was 0%(0/48). Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were not detected in any subject. The proportion of subjects with any reported treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was 75.0% in the AK111 group, similar to 66.7% in the placebo group, and there was no obvious dose relationship. The most commonly reported adverse events were hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure and hypokalemia. Additionally, the AK111 PK showed approximate dose proportionalitywith regard to the PK parameters of the Cmax and AUC0-tfollowing subcutaneous injection doses of 150mg,300mg and 450 mg. Conclusion After moderate to severe plaque psoriasis subjects received multiple subcutaneous AK111 injections,the dose range of 150mg-450mg, AK111 exposure increased in an approximate dose-proportional relationship. AK111 was demonstrated to be safe and tolerable. In subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, AK111 demonstrated encouraging preliminary efficacy which was sustained in a relatively long period after the last dose administration. Clinical trial registration Clinical trial identification number is NCT05504317 and was registered in August 2022

Owing to the significant impact of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition on soil, clear knowledge on the present situation and temporal and spatial variation in fluxes of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition all around China is urgently needed. In this study, we collected 99 published papers on deposition fluxes of heavy metals from 2001 to 2021 based on the CNKI and Web of Science database and extracted 718 to 1672 monitoring points from these papers. The Meta-analysis method was used to calculate the weighted average of deposition fluxes of heavy metals, and the spatial-temporal characteristics in different periods from 2000 to 2018 were studied by subgroup analysis, which compared the differences between different types of areas, such as agricultural and rural areas and urban and industrial areas. The results showed that the annual fluxes of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition[mg·(m

H2S and H2O2 are two redox regulating molecules that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. While each of them has distinct biosynthetic pathways and signaling mechanisms, the crosstalk between these two species is also known to cause critical biological responses such as protein S-persulfidation. So far, many chemical tools for the studies of H2S and H2O2 have been developed, such as the donors and sensors for H2S and H2O2. However, these tools are normally targeting single species (e.g., only H2S or only H2O2). As such, the crosstalk and synergetic effects between H2S and H2O2 have hardly been studied with those tools. In this work, we report a unique H2S/H2O2 dual donor system by employing 1-thio-β-d-glucose and glucose oxidase (GOx) as the substrates. This enzymatic system can simultaneously produce H2S and H2O2 in a slow and controllable fashion, without generating any bio-unfriendly byproducts. This system was demonstrated to cause efficient S-persulfidation on proteins. In addition, we expanded the system to thiolactose and thioglucose-disulfide; therefore, additional factors (β-galactosidase and cellular reductants) could be introduced to further control the release of H2S/H2O2. This dual release system should be useful for future research on H2S and H2O2.

Fluorescent probes are useful tools for the detection of sulfane sulfurs in biological systems. In this work, we report the development of SSP4, a widely used probe generated in our laboratory. We describe its evolution, preparation, and physical/chemical properties. Fluorescence analyses of SSP4 determined its high selectivity and sensitivity to sulfane sulfurs, even with the interfering presence of other species, such as amino acids and metal ions. Protocols for using SSP4 in a relatively quick and simple manner for the detection of persulfidated proteins, including papain, BSA, and GAPDH were developed. The method was then applied to human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), leading to the discovery that persulfidation can occur at PDI's non-active site cysteines, and that PDI reductase activity is affected by sulfane sulfur treatment. Protocols for using SSP4 for the bioimaging of exogenous and endogenous sulfane sulfurs in different -cell lines were also established. These results should guide further applications of SSP4.

AK111 is an innovative IL-17A antibody, presenting high affinity to IL-17A and showing similar pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics to those of typical immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 antibodies. To optimize the dosage regimen for phase 2/3 clinical trials, PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of AK111 were first characterized in Chinese moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients in a phase 1b study. AK111 PK serum sample and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score data were collected from 48 moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients in this study. Non-linear mixed-effects modeling was used for the population PK/PD analysis. A one-compartment model with a first-order absorption and a first-order elimination best described the PK behavior of AK111. The apparent systemic clearance was 0.182 L/day, and the central volume was 6.65 L. The exposure–response relationship was characterized using an indirect response model. The pharmacological effect of AK111 was described in the form of inhibiting the formation of psoriatic plaque, whereas placebo was quantified in the form of promoting the degradation of psoriatic skin lesions. The maximum effect of drug effect (Imax) and placebo effect (PLBmax) was 1 and 0.429, respectively. The rate constant for psoriatic plaque production (Kin) was 0.474 PASI/day and psoriatic plaque loss (Kout) was 0.024 day−1. The body surface area (BSA) affected by psoriasis was identified as a significant covariate on Kout. The simulation results confirmed that all of the predicted PASI90 response rates at week 12 were higher than 60% at 150 and 300 mg dose levels with different regimens and could reach higher than 80% at week 24. We hope this first PK/PD study of AK111 in Chinese moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients will be of help in the further clinical development of AK111 and provide a reference to the dosage optimization for similar antibodies with a long half-life.

SM2RAIN is a well-established methodology for estimating precipitation from satellite or observed soil moisture and it has been applied as a complementary approach to conventional precipitation monitoring methods. However, satellite soil moisture retrievals are usually subject to various biases and limited number of retrievals (and therefore large intervals) in remote areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and little is known about their potential impacts on precipitation estimation. This study seeks to quantify the uncertainties in Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) soil moisture estimated precipitation through the commonly used SM2RAIN by referring to in situ soil moisture observations from the central Tibetan Plateau soil moisture network. The estimated precipitation is evaluated against rain gauge observations. Additional attention is paid to different orbits of the SMAP retrievals. Results show that the original SM2RAIN algorithm tends to underestimate the precipitation amount in the central TP when using SMAP soil moisture retrievals as input. The retrieval accuracy and sampling interval of SMAP soil moisture from ascending (descending) orbits each count for 1.04 mm/5 d (−0.18 mm/5 d) and 1.67 mm/5 d (0.72 mm/5 d) of estimated precipitation uncertainties as represented by root mean square error. Besides, the descending product of SMAP with a relatively less sampling interval and higher retrieval accuracy outperforms the ascending one in estimating precipitation, and the combination of both two orbits does add value to the overall SM2RAIN estimation. This study is expected to provide guidance for future applications of SM2RAIN-derived precipitation. Meanwhile, more reliable SM2RAIN precipitation estimations are desired when using higher quality satellite soil moisture products with better retrieval accuracy and smaller intervals.

Titanium has been applied to implants over the last decades due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, there are still some drawbacks for titanium and its alloys to overcome. Thus, in this study, a novel electrochemical synthesis process has been developed to fabricate TiO2 nanotube array, hydroxyapatite and rare-earth (La3+) doped ZIF-8 nanoparticle composite coating, which can enhance the antibacterial and anti-corrosion property on the premise of minimizing the biocompatibility loss of titanium implants. Compared with traditional processing methods, electrochemical machining is more time-saving, energy-saving and environment-friendly. Thus, it provides an alternative way to produce medical implants.

C-Nitrosothioformamide was demonstrated to be a donor template for dual release of HNO and COS triggered by a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. COS is an H(2)S precursor in the presence of carbonic anhydrase. This process produces HNO and H(2)S in a slow but steady manner. As such, the direct reaction between HNO and H(2)S under this situation appears to be minor. This may provide a useful tool to study the synergistic effects of HNO and H(2)S.

While vector fields naturally offer additional degrees of freedom for emulating spin, acoustic pressure field is scalar in nature, and it requires engineering of synthetic degrees of freedom by material design. Here we experimentally demonstrate the control of sound waves by using two types of engineered acoustic systems, where synthetic pseudo-spin emerges either as a consequence of the evanescent nature of the field or due to lattice symmetry. First, we show that evanescent sound waves in perforated films possess transverse angular momentum locked to their propagation direction which enables their directional excitation. Second, we demonstrate that lattice symmetries of an acoustic kagome lattice also enable a synthetic transverse pseudo-spin locked to the linear momentum, enabling control of the propagation of modes both in the bulk and along the edges. Our results open a new degree of control of radiation and propagation of acoustic waves thus offering new design approaches for acoustic devices.

Hail size records are analyzed at 2254 stations in China and a hail size climatology is developed based on gridded hail observations for the period 1960–2015. It is found that the annual percentiles of hail size records changed sharply and national-wide after 1980, therefore two periods, 1960–79 and 1980–2015, are studied. There are some similarities between the two periods in terms of the characteristics of hail size such as the spatial distribution patterns of mean annual maximum hail size and occurrence week of annual maximum hail size. The 1980–2015 period had higher observation density than the 1960–79 period, but showed smaller mean annual maximum hail size, especially in northern China. In the majority of grid boxes, the annual maximum hail size experienced a decreasing trend during the 1980–2015 period. A Gumbel extreme value model is fitted to each grid box to estimate the return periods of maximum hail size. The scale and location parameter of the fitted Gumbel distributions are higher in eastern China than in western China, thereby reflecting a greater likelihood of large hail in eastern China. In southern China, the maximum hail size exceeds 127 mm for a 10-yr return period, whereas in northern China maximum hail size exceeds this threshold for a 50-yr return period. The Gumbel model is found to potentially underestimate the maximum hail size for certain return periods, but provides a more informed picture of the spatial distribution of extreme hail size and the regional differences.

PM

In this paper we study the Dirichlet problem for a class of Hessian type equation with its structure as a combination of elementary symmetric functions on Hermitian manifolds. Under some conditions with the initial data on manifolds and admissible subsolutions, we derive a priori estimates for this complex mixed Hessian equation and solvability of the corresponding Dirichlet problem., Comment: 32 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.12035 by other authors

Photonic topological insulators enable topological boundary modes that are resilient to defects and disorder, irrespective of manufacturing precision. This property is known as topological protection. Although originally limited to dimensionality of modes one lower than that of topological insulators, the recently discovered higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) offer topological protection over an extended range of dimensionalities. Here, we introduce a photonic HOTI with kagome lattice that exhibits topological bulk polarization, leading to the emergence of one-dimensional edge states, as well as higher-order zero-dimensional states confined to the corners of the structure. Interestingly, in addition to the corner states due to nearest-neighbour interactions, we discover a new class of topological corner states induced by long-range interactions and specific to photonic systems. Our findings demonstrate that photonic HOTIs possess richer physics than their condensed-matter counterparts, offering opportunities for engineering novel designer electromagnetic states with unique topological robustness. One- and zero-dimensional optical states are revealed in photonic higher-order topological insulators.

Microneedle arrays provide a minimally invasive platform for ocular drug delivery. Self-adhesive microneedle arrays, which incorporate barb-like locking features, have been developed to secure the array in place without using any adhesive. However, these locking features may increase extraction forces when removing the microneedle array once the drug delivery is completed. In this study, we demonstrated a photoresponsive hydrogel microneedle array that can self-adhere to the application site upon swelling and can deswell for easy removal when illuminated with light. The photoresponsive hydrogel microneedle arrays were made by a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and spiropyran-conjugated N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPPAM). Experimental results show a significant decrease in extraction force after the microneedle of 20% spiropyran-conjugated NIPPAM was illuminated with light for 15 min. At the same time, the width of the interlocking feature also deswelled by 20% due to the photoresponsive behavior. However, the addition of the spiropyran-conjugated NIPPAM also weakens the mechanical properties of the microneedle and thus increase in insertion force.

Natural products (NPs) are always the important sources in the field of drug discovery, among which spirolactone-type and enmein-type compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, especially anti-tumor activity. Based on previous studies, the spirolactone-type and enmein-type compounds could be derived from natural oridonin (1) by several chemical reactions. Herein, a series of novel spirolactone-type and enmein-type derivatives with different aryl allyl ester substitutions at their C-14 hydroxyl group were designed and synthesized. The anti-tumor activity results showed that most of the compounds exhibited better anti-proliferative activities than parent compound oridonin, and the most potent compound had an IC

Significance A concept of nonlocal topological phases of DAAs introduced here establishes a different direction in topological physics and offers approaches to emulate higher-dimensional topology in lower-dimensional systems. Our study also unveils opportunities to engineer topologically protected states in aperiodic systems and paves the path to application of resonances associated with such states, whose robustness is ensured by nonlocal symmetries of DAAs. In particular, the possibility to engineer multiple localized resonances via dimensional reduction and their unique features, such as precise spectral properties stemming from their topological nature, offers remarkable opportunities for practical applications, from robust resonators to sensors and aperiodic topological lasers., The properties of topological systems are inherently tied to their dimensionality. Indeed, higher-dimensional periodic systems exhibit topological phases not shared by their lower-dimensional counterparts. On the other hand, aperiodic arrays in lower-dimensional systems (e.g., the Harper model) have been successfully employed to emulate higher-dimensional physics. This raises a general question on the possibility of extended topological classification in lower dimensions, and whether the topological invariants of higher-dimensional periodic systems may assume a different meaning in their lower-dimensional aperiodic counterparts. Here, we demonstrate that, indeed, for a topological system in higher dimensions one can construct a one-dimensional (1D) deterministic aperiodic counterpart which retains its spectrum and topological characteristics. We consider a four-dimensional (4D) quantized hexadecapole higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) which supports topological corner modes. We apply the Lanczos transformation and map it onto an equivalent deterministic aperiodic 1D array (DAA) emulating 4D HOTI in 1D. We observe topological zero-energy zero-dimensional (0D) states of the DAA—the direct counterparts of corner states in 4D HOTI and the hallmark of the multipole topological phase, which is meaningless in lower dimensions. To explain this paradox, we show that higher-dimension invariant, the multipole polarization, retains its quantization in the DAA, yet changes its meaning by becoming a nonlocal correlator in the 1D system. By introducing nonlocal topological phases of DAAs, our discovery opens a direction in topological physics. It also unveils opportunities to engineer topological states in aperiodic systems and paves the path to application of resonances associates with such states protected by nonlocal symmetries.

H

Exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can cause neurotoxicity and cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitating victims of sulfide intoxication is extremely difficult, and survivors often exhibit persistent neurological deficits. However, no specific antidote is available for sulfide intoxication. The objective of this study was to examine whether administration of a sulfonyl azide-based sulfide-specific scavenger, SS20, would rescue mice in models of H2S intoxication: ongoing exposure and post-cardiopulmonary arrest. In the ongoing exposure model, SS20 (1250 µmol/kg) or vehicle was administered to awake CD-1 mice intraperitoneally at 10 min after breathing 790 ppm of H2S followed by another 30 min of H2S inhalation. Effects of SS20 on survival were assessed. In the post-cardiopulmonary arrest model, cardiopulmonary arrest was induced by an intraperitoneal administration of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (125 mg/kg) in anesthetized mice. After 1 min of cardiopulmonary arrest, mice were resuscitated with intravenous administration of SS20 (250 µmol/kg) or vehicle. Effects of SS20 on survival, neurological outcomes, and plasma H2S levels were evaluated. Administration of SS20 during ongoing H2S inhalation improved 24-h survival (6/6 [100%] in SS20 vs 1/6 [17%] in vehicle; p = .0043). Post-arrest administration of SS20 improved 7-day survival (4/10 [40%] in SS20 vs 0/10 [0%] in vehicle; p = .0038) and neurological outcomes after resuscitation. SS20 decreased plasma H2S levels to pre-arrest baseline immediately after reperfusion and shortened the time to return of spontaneous circulation and respiration. These results suggest that SS20 is an effective antidote against lethal H2S intoxication, even when administered after cardiopulmonary arrest.

The lattice symmetry of a crystal is one of the most important factors in determining its physical properties. Particularly, low-symmetry crystals offer powerful opportunities to control light propagation, polarization and phase. Materials featuring extreme optical anisotropy can support a hyperbolic response, enabling coupled light-matter interactions, also known as polaritons, with highly directional propagation and compression of light to deeply sub-wavelength scales. Here we show that monoclinic crystals can support hyperbolic shear polaritons, a new polariton class arising in the mid- to far-infrared due to shear dissipation in the dielectric response. This feature emerges in materials where the dielectric tensor cannot be diagonalized, that is, in low-symmetry monoclinic and triclinic crystals where multiple oscillators with non-orthogonal relative orientations contribute to the optical response. Hyperbolic shear polaritons complement previous observations of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in orthorhombic and hexagonal crystal systems, unveiling new features, such as the continuous evolution of their propagation direction with frequency, tilted wavefronts and asymmetric responses. The interplay between diagonal loss and off-diagonal shear dissipation in the dielectric response of these materials has implications for new forms of non-Hermitian and topological photonic states. We anticipate that our results will motivate new directions for polariton physics in low-symmetry materials, which include geological minerals, many common oxides and organic crystals, significantly expanding the material base and extending design opportunities for compact photonic devices.

Background Milroy disease (MD) is a rare, autosomal-dominant disorder. Variants in the Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4/VEGFR3) gene cause the symptoms of this disease. In this report, we investigated the variant in a large Chinese family with MD. Methods We conducted Sanger sequencing of exons 17–26 of FLT4/VEGFR3 (NM_182925.4). We assessed its pathogenicity based on the ACMG criteria and predicted it with an in silico program. Results A heterozygous substitution (NM_182925.4 (FLT4/VEGFR3):c.2774 T>A, p. (Val925Glu)) was detected in all patients with MD but not in any healthy controls. The variant was evaluated as pathogenic according to the ACMG criteria and was predicted to be pathogenic using an in silico program. Conclusions In this report, we described a large family with MD caused by a missense variant in FLT4/VEGFR3 (NM_182925.4 (FLT4/VEGFR3_v001):c.2774 T>A, p. (Val925Glu)). There are phenotypic heterogeneities among family members, and further research should be conducted to explore the possible reasons.

The Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) onboard Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) is the first Chinese lightning detection sensor in geostationary orbit. This study presents the lightning characteristics observed by the FY‐4A LMI in its first year, and then observations from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) are used to validate the performance of the LMI sensor. LMI lightning events are defined by the pixel's luminosity exceeding the threshold radiance. During the first year of operation, LMI events revealed a reasonable geographical distribution. The diurnal cycles of LMI event/background/threshold radiance are in general agreement with the later afternoon peaks in previous findings. However, the LMI events that occurred around the LIS flash time and in the LMI observation field‐of‐view show a slightly delayed peak at around 1900 LST. This peak can be shifted closer to LIS's results after removing LMI events with event radiance lower than 300 μJsr−1m−2μm−1, suggesting that a larger threshold radiance value is needed to qualify some of these LMI events. Finally, LIS lightning groups were matched with LMI lightning events using different temporal and spatial collocation criteria. The detection efficiency is defined by the fraction of LIS groups detected by LMI to assess LMI's performance. The LMI detection efficiency relative to LIS was found to be regionally dependent and lower in the daytime than at nighttime. These results contribute to applications of LMI lightning observations in storm research and provide suggestions for further algorithm improvement.