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Supporting Information for Palladium-catalyzed butoxycarbonylation of (hetero)aryl multibromides-a practical method for the preparation of aryl carboxylate and carboxylic acid Weilong Wua, Yongkang Jing a, Deyi Zhang b, Xianghe Yan a, Rong Liang c, Zhiqiang Lu a, Baoming Ji a,* a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China b College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China c College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China Corresponding author E-mail: lyhxxjbming@126.com NMR Spectra

An automatic calibration framework of water quality parameters for surface runoff during modeling with InfoWorks ICM was constructed. The framework is based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and fully considers the calibration sequence for multiple water pollutants, namely, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP). Meanwhile, four different objective functions including the Nash-Sutcliff efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), percentage error in the peak (PEP), and percentage bias (PBIAS) were selected as fitness evaluators for the GA. The framework was applied successfully to a specific area of Fuzhou in China, and the multi-objective results were compared with the single-objective results. The comprehensive indexes of TSS, COD, TN, and TP by multi-objective calibration were lower than that of the single-objective calibration in both scenarios. Compared with single-objective calibration, the iterations to reach the optimal value were shortened 9, 5, 13, and 15 iterations by multi-objective calibration. Therefore, the findings showed that the multi-objective function GA was more balanced and more efficient than the single-objective function GA. Then, the uncertainty of the model was evaluated by using the samples generated by automatic calibration, which provided a reliable basis for the subsequent application of the model. This framework can be applied to other programs through adjustments of the number and weight of objective functions according to the specific situation, which will make the modeling more efficient and accurate.

This paper numerically investigated the influences of pin-fin size and layout on the flow characteristics of cooling air in the trailing edge of a real low pressure turbine blade. The discussion was given first for the baseline model without pin fins (denoted as M0) under a turbine design condition and two off design conditions. Then a comparison of the flow fields in the turbine blade especially in the trailing edge region was performed with three more trailing edge models, with the purpose of discovering the benefits of using pin fin configurations in a real low pressure turbine blade. The other three models (denoted as M1, M2, M3) have pin fins in different diameters and arrangements. The M1 model has a row of 13 pin fins with a diameter of 2mm, and the M2 and M3 models have two rows of pin fins arranged in a staggered pattern with a diameter of 1.2mm. Compared to the baseline model M0, it is shown that an addition of pin fin configurations helps greatly to improve cooling flow distributions and to mitigate the blockage of coolant in trailing slots. Meanwhile, the adoption of pin fins has not only affected significantly the flow field in the trailing passage but also has moderately affected flow fields in the middle and forward cooling passages. Increasing pressure ratio can increase total mass flow rate with no significant change in flow patterns. The baseline blade Model M0 shows a high value of 6 for a friction loss related performance function at the turbine design condition. However, only a moderate increase in the value of the performance function is discovered for all the three blades with pin fins.

In Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks VANETs, vehicles need to broadcast beacon messages periodically to ensure the cooperative awareness of vehicles in the vicinity. However, a constant beacon rate may result in channel congestion and severe deterioration of network performance because of limited channel resource. Since service provision technologies with point-to-multipoint PtM transmission mode, such as the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MBMS and enhanced MBMS eMBMS, have been well discussed and standardized, they can be considered as an additional solution appropriate for vehicular applications. In this paper, we propose an effective approach by combining services in VANETs and eMBMS in LTE to solve the distributed congestion control DCC problem for VANETs. Through simulation results we demonstrate that the proposal method is capable of combining the advantages of such two heterogeneous networks and attaining good integral performance.