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Purpose: To study the role of yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibition by verteporfin (VTF) in LPSinduced acute liver injury (ALI) after sepsis.Methods: In vitro, VTF was used to treat LPS-stimulated RAW 267.4 cells. In vivo, LPS was injected to induce sepsis in mice, followed by treatment with VTF. The inflammatory mediators were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence spectroscopy (IF) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and the levels of YAP, P53 and ERK were measured by qRT-PCR, WB and IHC. Moreover, liver histology and liver function were examined using HE staining and ELISA respectively.Results: The results showed that VTF reduced YAP expression and inhibited LPS-induced cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production such as IL-6 and IL-1β, by attenuating the expressions of p53 and ERK pathway in macrophages. The levels of AST, AIL and TBiL remarkably decreased in ALI mice after VTF treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and IL-1β, decreased significantly in VTF treated mice (P < 0.05).Conclusion: VTF plays an antagonistic role in LPS-induced inflammatory response after ALI. Therefore, VTF is a potential medicinal agent for preventing infectious acute liver injury.

Erythropompilus venterisetalis Wu & Ma, sp. nov. Figs 1, 4 (A–C) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 10A825F9-9A88-49C2-BEB5-D9A44684CB96 Material examined. Holotype: CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, teak plantation, ♁, 21°54′N 101°16′E, 508 m, Malaise trap, 13.VII–13.VIII.2021, coll. Yong-sheng Pu (YNAU). Paratypes: CHINA, Yunnan, 13♁, same locality as holotype, 14.VII–14.VIII.2020 (5♁), coll. Yongsheng Pu, 24.IV–31.V.2019 (7♁), coll. Ling Zhao, 14.IX–14.X.2019 (1♁), coll. Ling Zhao; 2♁, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Wild Elephant Valley, 22°6′N 100°51′E, 783 m, 15.VII.2016, coll. Qing-xia Zhou (YNAU). Diagnosis. The male of the new species is similar to E. thailandensis Pitts & Shimizu, 2021 in having the following characteristics: body black, mesosoma partly orange-red (Figs 1A, 5A), clypeus as broad as LID (Figs 1D, 5D), mid and hind femora with small spines set in pits apicodorsally, and exposed portion of SGP flat, mostly parallel-sided (Fig. 1K); but markedly differs by the characters given in the Table 1. Description. Male. (Measurements of the holotype are given in parentheses). Length: body 4.3–6.3 (5.8) mm; forewing 4.1–5.6 (4.6) mm. Body black; mandible reddish brown at apical 1/4, sometimes subapical yellow brown, basal of mandible with 2–5 (3) brown long setae (Fig. 1D); the following yellow brown to fulvous: palpi, scape, pedicel, F1–F4 beneath, apical 1/7 of fore femora ventrally, fore tibia ventrally, fore tarsus (Figs 1A, 1D); the following orange: posterior margin of pronotum, sides of mesoscutum and posterior margin, mesopleuron, scutellum, metanotum, postnotum, upper half of mesopleuron and posterior rim of propodeum (Figs 1A, 1E). Head: Mandible with one inner tooth, clypeus slightly convex in lateral view, anterior margin nearly straight (Figs 1C, 1D). In frontal view, head 1.19–1.25 (1.25) × as broad as long; vertex slightly convex between eye tops, frontal line fine and inconspicuous; MID large, 0.58–0.62 (0.6) × as broad as TFD; UID: MID: LID = 8.0–9.0 (8): 10: 7.5–8.0 (7.5); clypeus 2.3–2.7 (2.5) × as broad as long, clypeus equal to LID (Fig. 1D). In dorsal view, ocellar area with several sparse punctures, ocelli in obtuse triangle, POD: OOD = 1: 0.7–0.8 (0.73); antennocular line distinctly inclined from antennal base toward eye (Fig. 1B); antenna pointed at apex, F1 2.5–3.1 (3) × as long as thick, 0.5–0.67 (0.61) × as long as UID, length ratios of scape, pedicel, F1–F3 = 11–12 (12): 4: 14–15(15): 15: 14–15 (15) (Figs 1G, 1H). In lateral view, gena short, 0.2–0.3 (0.2) × eye width (Fig. 1C). Mesosoma: Lateral margin of pronotal dorsum, in dorsal view, slightly narrowing anteriorly, pronotum posterior margin slightly arcuate, and conspicuously shorter than mesoscutum (Fig. 1E); in dorsal view, mesoscutum slightly raised, notaulus fine and short anteriorly and medially, parapsidal sulcus reaching nearly 5/6 of mesoscutum; scutellum disc slightly raised, convex above level of mesoscutum; metanotum posterior margin extending at middle and covering postnotum partly; postnotum nearly 1/10 as long as metanotum, depressed medially and narrower than laterally; propodeum, in dorsal view, parallel-sided at anterior half, strongly narrowing at posterior half; in lateral view, gently convex, posterior slope at apical 1/3; propodeal enclosure irregularly reticulate-rugose, and with a pair of subparallel longitudinal carinae medially. Wing: Pterostigma long, 5–6.5 (6) × as long as 2r-rs; marginal cell removed from wing tip by 0.4 × its own length; SMC2: SMC3 = 1: 1.3–1.6 (1.3) on vein M, 1: 0.4–0.6 (0.5) on vein RS, SMC2 broad on vein RS by 1: 0.9–1 (0.9) × its length on vein M, receiving crossvein 1m-cu at basal 0.35–0.55 (0.5); SMC3 narrowed on vein RS by 0.3–0.4 (0.4) × its length on vein M, receiving crossvein 2m-cu at basal 0.5–0.6 (0.55), removed from outer wing margin by 1.4–1.9 (1.5) × its own length. FW crossvein cu-a originating at or slightly beyond fork of vein M+CuA; HW crossvein cu-a arc-like, originating anterior to fork of vein M+CuA (fig. 1F). Legs: Mid and hind femora with 1–2 small spines set in pits apicodorsally; mid tibia dorsally with 3–5 (5) stout brown spines externally and 1–3 (3) brown spines internally, mid tibia ventrally with 0–2 (0) small brown spines externally and 0–2 (1) small brown spines internally; hind tibia dorsally with 5–6 (6) stout brown spines externally and 4–5 (5) stout brown spines internally, hind tibia ventrally with 1–3 (2) small brown spines externally and 1–3 (2) small brown spines internally. Longer spur of hind tibia 0.68–0.72 (0.7) × hind tarsomere 1. Metasoma: Side of S4 and S5, each with tuft of dense, erect and black bristles (Fig. 1J); S6 flat ventrally, posterior margin with arcuate emargination (Fig. 1I); S6 with long blade-like longitudinal keel medially, almost reaching posterior margin (Fig. 1I). SGP and genitalia: SGP, in ventral view, exposed part broad and parallel-sided, translucent and rounded apically, basal sides with weak carina; in lateral view, SGP flat, slightly thickened basally and medially, and with sparse, oblique backward setae, subapically ones long (Fig. 1K). Paramere very short, oval-like (Fig. 4A); volsella narrow in basal 1/3, gradually broadened towards apex, rounded apically, with numerous long setae in apical 1/2 (Fig. 4B); parapenial lobe conspicuously extending apex of volsella, inner margin in apical 1/3 with fine and irregular serrate (Fig. 4C); aedeagus conspicuously longer than parapenial lobe, mostly parallel-sided, apical margin slightly emarginated medially (Fig. 4B). Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name venterisetalis originates from the Latin "venter" (=ventral) and "setalis" (=setae), referring to S4 and S5 of the male with a dense tuft of bristles on the sides., Published as part of Wu, Haiying, Li, Qiang & Ma, Li, 2023, The spider wasp genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in China, with description of two new species and an updated key to world species, pp. 160-172 in Zootaxa 5244 (2) on pages 162-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656174, {"references":["Shimizu, A., Pitts, J. P., Yoshimura, J. & Wahis, R. (2021) New genus and species of Pompilinae spider wasps from the Oriental Region (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 84, 339 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 84.68810"]}

Wu, Haiying, Li, Qiang, Ma, Li (2023): The spider wasp genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in China, with description of two new species and an updated key to world species. Zootaxa 5244 (2): 160-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.2.4

Erythropompilus macroplacoideus Wu & Ma, sp. nov. Figs 2, 3, 4 (D–F) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1DF79C9F-7F8D-41C7-BDAF-0253B503357F Material examined. Holotype: CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong, Menghai, Bulang Mountain, &female;, 21°45′N 100°26′E, 1683 m, Malaise trap, 17.V–25.VI.2021, coll. Yong-sheng Pu (YNAU). Paratypes: CHINA, Yunnan, 1&female; 1♁, same locality as holotype, 17.V–21.VI.2018, coll. Ling Zhao (YNAU). Diagnosis. The new species is similar to E. taiwanensis Pitts & Shimizu, 2021 in having the following characteristics: frons strongly convex in profile (Figs 2C, 3C); clypeus less than LID (Figs 2D, 3D); ratio of POD/ OOD larger than 0.85; gena, in dorsal view, thickened, roundly receding posteriorly (Figs 2B, 3B); mid and hind femora without small spines set in pits apicodorsally; but markedly differs by the characters given in the Table 2. Description. Female. (Measurements of the holotype are given in parentheses.) Length: Body 6.0–6.5 (6.5) mm; forewing 5.3–5.6 (5.6) mm. Body black, mandible red-brown at apical 1/3, mandible with 2 brown long setae on basal 2/5 (Fig. 2D), the following brown: beneath of scape, apical 1/6 of fore coxa and femur ventrally, fore tibia ventrally; Mesosoma orange-red, expect for collar, anterior margin of pronotum and lower 1/7 of mesopleuron, sometimes propodeum black (Figs 2A, 2J). Head: Mandible with one inner tooth, clypeus slightly convex in lateral view, anterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 2D). In frontal view, head 1.25 × as broad as long; vertex distinctly convex between eye tops, frontal line fine and inconspicuous; MID large, 0.63–0.64 (0.64) as broad as TFD, UID: MID: LID = 8.5: 10: 7.5–8 (8); clypeus 2.3 × as broad as long, clypeus width less than LID (Fig. 2D). In dorsal view, ocellar area with several sparse punctures, ocelli in obtuse triangle, POD: OOD = 1: 0.9; antennocular line, in dorsal view, distinctly inclined from antennal base toward eye (Fig. 2B); F1 4.2 × as long as thick, 0.68 × as long as UID; length ratios of scape, pedicel, F1–F3 = 12: 5: 18: 16: 15. Flagellomeres with placoid sensilla on inner and external surfaces, external sensilla more than 3/4 each flagellomere, internal F1–F6 less than half of each flagellomere, apical 4 segments less than half of each flagellomere, gena slightly thickened, 0.3 × eye width (Fig. 2C). Mesosoma: Lateral margin of pronotal dorsum, in dorsal view, anteriorly slightly narrower than posterior area, pronotum posterior margin slightly arcuate (Fig. 2E), pronotum conspicuously shorter than mesoscutum; in dorsal view, mesoscutum flat, slightly inclined towards posteriorly, parapsidal sulcus reaching nearly 5/6 of mesoscutum; scutellum disc raised, but not convex above level of mesoscutum; metanotum posterior margin extending at middle and covering partly postnotum, postnotum nearly 1/10 as long as metanotum, depressed medially and narrower than laterally (Fig. 2G). propodeum, in dorsal view, parallel-sided at anterior half, narrowing at posterior half, in lateral view, gently convex, posterior slope at apical 1/3; propodeal enclosure irregularly rugose, and with two longitudinal carinae medially. Wing: Pterostigma long, about 5 × as long as 2r-rs (Fig. 2F); marginal cell removed from wing tip by 0.57 (0.5) × its own length; SMC2: SMC3 = 1: 1.6 on vein M, 1: 0.5 on vein RS; SMC2 broad on vein RS, equal to its length on vein M, receiving crossvein 1m-cu at basal 1/2; SMC3 narrowed on vein RS by 0.3 × its length on vein M, receiving crossvein 2m-cu at basal 0.6, removed from outer wing margin by 1.7 × its own length, crossvein cu-a originating basally to fork of vein M+CuA; HW crossvein cu-a arcute, originating much basal to fork of vein M+CuA. Legs: Mid femur without small spines set in pits apicodorsally, mid tibia dorsally with 4 long brown spines externally and without spines internally, mid tibia ventrally with 2 small brown spines externally and 1 internally respectively; hind tibia dorsally with 6–7 long brown spines externally and 3–5 long brown spines internally, hind tibia ventrally with 1–3 small brown spines externally and 2 small brown spines internally. Longer spur of hind tibia 0.68 × hind tarsomere 1. Male. Differs from female as follows: body length 4.0 mm; forewing 3.8 mm; antenna, clypeus, labrum, mandible basally, all legs and metasoma dark rufous; scape and pedicel ventrally, femur and tibia of fore leg pale brown; pronotum largely, mesoscutum and propodeum black (Fig. 3A). Head: In frontal view, head 1.19 × as broad as long (Fig. 3D); MID large than female, 0.66 as broad as TFD, UID: MID: LID = 9: 10: 8.3; clypeus 2.5 × as broad as long, F1 2.7 × as long as thick, 0.44 × as long as UID; length ratio of scape, pedicel, F I–III = 10: 4: 12: 12: 13 (Fig. 3H), gena narrow, 0.25 × eye width (Fig. 3C). Mesosoma: Notaulus of mesoscutum fine and short anteriorly and medially. Wing: FW inner fasciae light, narrower than that in female, marginal cell removed from wing tip by 0.38 × its own length; SMC2: SMC3 = 1: 1.8 on vein M. Legs: Mid tibia dorsally with 3 short brown spines externally, mid tibia ventrally without spine internally; hind tibia dorsally with 3 short brown spines externally and without spine internally. Metasoma: Side of S4 and S5, each with tuft of sparse, erect and black bristles (Fig. 3J); S6 flat in basal 1/4, with oblique declivity in apical 3/4, posterior margin with inverted V-shaped edge (Fig. 3J); S6 with blade-like longitudinal keel far from posterior margin (Fig. 3J). SGP and genitalia: Exposed portion of SGP narrowing apically, subbasally widest, rounded and translucent apically (Fig. 3K); in lateral view, SGP flat, with clearly triangular-shape ridge basally, and some sparse short setae in basal 2/3 (Fig. 3J). Paramere very short, peg-like (Fig. 4D); volsella narrow at basal 1/2, gradually broadened towards apex, rounded apically, and with several long setae at apical 1/3 (Fig. 4E); parapenial lobe slightly extending apex of volsella, inner margin entirely with fine and irregular serrate (Fig. 4F); aedeagus slightly longer than parapenial lobe, mostly parallel-sided, apical margin conspicuously concave medially (Fig. 4E). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Sex association. Not only were all the female and male specimens collected from the same Malaise trap, but they also have the same pattern and the following common characteristics: ratio of POD: OOD; clypeus Etymology. The name macroplacoideus originates from the Greek word " mac "(=long, large) and " placoideus " (= placoid), referring to the flagellomeres of male with huge placoid sensilla., Published as part of Wu, Haiying, Li, Qiang & Ma, Li, 2023, The spider wasp genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in China, with description of two new species and an updated key to world species, pp. 160-172 in Zootaxa 5244 (2) on pages 164-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656174, {"references":["Shimizu, A., Pitts, J. P., Yoshimura, J. & Wahis, R. (2021) New genus and species of Pompilinae spider wasps from the Oriental Region (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 84, 339 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 84.68810"]}

Genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 in Shimizu et al. 2021: 341, &female; ♁. Type species: Erythropompilus malaysiensis Pitts & Shimizu, 2021, by original designation. Diagnosis. Both sexes: body usually black or dark rufous, mesosoma sometimes orange-red, FW hyaline with two dark fasciae (Figs 1A, 1F, 3A, 3F, 5A). Vertex crest slightly above uppermost portion of occipital carina (Figs 1B, 3B, 5B); outer orbit sharply grooved; gena narrow (Figs 1C, 3C, 5C); labrum partially exposed (Fig. 1D); postnotum extremely short (Figs 1C, 3C, 5C); in dorsal view, propodeum coarsely and irregularly reticulate-rugose, and with a pair of subparallel longitudinal carinae medially (Fig. 2G); pterostigma large (Figs 1F, 3F); mid and hind tibial spurs ivory-white (Figs 1A, 3A, 5A); protarsus without tarsal comb, all tarsomere 5 without ventral spines, all tarsal claws bifid. Male: flagellomeres with elliptic depressed placoid sensilla (Figs 1G, 1H, 3G, 3H); inner fore tarsal claws conspicuously modified (Fig. 1L); posterolateral of S6 with pair of large and rod-shape hook pointed at middle (Figs 1I, 3I); exposed portion of SGP triangular or arrowhead-shaped, sometimes with long parallel side (Figs 1K, 3K); genitalia with paramere very short (Figs 4A, 4D); parapenial lobe broad and sinuated, pointed at apex (Figs 4C, 4F); volsella with setae, apically rounded; aedeagus broad, parallel-sided for most part (Figs 4B, 4E). Additional characters. Both sexes: mid and hind tibiae ventrally with 2 rows of brown, small spines; all tarsomeres 1–3 with 3 rows of ventral spines, tarsal plantulae present. Male: S6 posteriorly inverted-V-shaped or arcuately emarginated (Figs 1I, 3I); sides of S4 and S5 with more or less setae. Biology. There are currently no records of biological information for this genus. From our observation and collection experience, we know that representatives of the genus are active in grasslands, fields, and sunny places in woodlands and rainforests. Distribution. The Oriental Region: China (Taiwan, Yunnan, Guangxi), Thailand, and Malaysia (Shimizu et al. 2021 and current data). The genus is newly recorded from China mainland., Published as part of Wu, Haiying, Li, Qiang & Ma, Li, 2023, The spider wasp genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in China, with description of two new species and an updated key to world species, pp. 160-172 in Zootaxa 5244 (2) on page 161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656174, {"references":["Shimizu, A., Pitts, J. P., Yoshimura, J. & Wahis, R. (2021) New genus and species of Pompilinae spider wasps from the Oriental Region (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 84, 339 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 84.68810"]}

Erythropompilus thailandensis Pitts & Shimizu, 2021 Figs 5 (A–E) Erythropompilus thailandensis Pitts & Shimizu, 2021 in Shimizu et al. 2021: 348, &female; ♁. Holotype, &female;, Thailand, Nakhon Nayok Khao Yai NP near Training Center 2, Pan trap, 5–6.II.2007, Wirat Sukho; deposited in the Queen Sirikit Botanic Gardens, Chiang Mai, Thailand; not examined. Material examined. China: Yunnan: 2&female;, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, rainforest, 21°54′N 101°16′E, 599 m, Malaise trap, 15.V–18.VI.2018, coll. Ling Zhao (YNAU); 1&female;, same locality, habitat as previous, 13.VII– 13.VIII.2021, coll. Yong-sheng Pu (YNAU); 1&female;, same locality, rainforest, 21°54′N 101°16′E, 606 m, Malaise trap, 24.IV–31.V.2019, coll. Ling Zhao (YNAU); 1&female;, same locality, rubber forest, 21°55′N 101°16′E, 543 m, Malaise trap, 25.X–22. XI.2019, coll. Ling Zhao (YNAU); China: Guangxi: 1&female;, Guilin, Xingan, Huajiang, 110°28′E 25°47′N, 26.VI–27.VI.2011, No. 20020143, coll. Zaifu Xu (SCAU). Diagnosis: Female. clypeus as long as LID (Fig. 5D); gena, in dorsal view, thin but roundly receding posteriorly (Fig. 5B); lateral margin of pronotal dorsum, in dorsal view, scarcely narrowing anteriorly (Fig. 5D); mid and hind femora with small spines set in pits apicodorsally (Fig. 5E). Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guangxi) (new record), Thailand (Shimizu et al. 2021)., Published as part of Wu, Haiying, Li, Qiang & Ma, Li, 2023, The spider wasp genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in China, with description of two new species and an updated key to world species, pp. 160-172 in Zootaxa 5244 (2) on page 169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656174, {"references":["Shimizu, A., Pitts, J. P., Yoshimura, J. & Wahis, R. (2021) New genus and species of Pompilinae spider wasps from the Oriental Region (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 84, 339 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 84.68810"]}

Genus Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 Erythropompilus Shimizu & Pitts, 2021 in Shimizu et al. 2021: 341, &female; ♁. Type species: Erythropompilus malaysiensis Pitts & Shimizu, 2021, by original designation. Diagnosis. Both sexes: body usually black or dark rufous, mesosoma sometimes orange-red, FW hyaline with two dark fasciae (Figs 1A, 1F, 3A, 3F, 5A). Vertex crest slightly above uppermost portion of occipital carina (Figs 1B, 3B, 5B); outer orbit sharply grooved; gena narrow (Figs 1C, 3C, 5C); labrum partially exposed (Fig. 1D); postnotum extremely short (Figs 1C, 3C, 5C); in dorsal view, propodeum coarsely and irregularly reticulate-rugose, and with a pair of subparallel longitudinal carinae medially (Fig. 2G); pterostigma large (Figs 1F, 3F); mid and hind tibial spurs ivory-white (Figs 1A, 3A, 5A); protarsus without tarsal comb, all tarsomere 5 without ventral spines, all tarsal claws bifid. Male: flagellomeres with elliptic depressed placoid sensilla (Figs 1G, 1H, 3G, 3H); inner fore tarsal claws conspicuously modified (Fig. 1L); posterolateral of S6 with pair of large and rod-shape hook pointed at middle (Figs 1I, 3I); exposed portion of SGP triangular or arrowhead-shaped, sometimes with long parallel side (Figs 1K, 3K); genitalia with paramere very short (Figs 4A, 4D); parapenial lobe broad and sinuated, pointed at apex (Figs 4C, 4F); volsella with setae, apically rounded; aedeagus broad, parallel-sided for most part (Figs 4B, 4E). Additional characters. Both sexes: mid and hind tibiae ventrally with 2 rows of brown, small spines; all tarsomeres 1–3 with 3 rows of ventral spines, tarsal plantulae present. Male: S6 posteriorly inverted-V-shaped or arcuately emarginated (Figs 1I, 3I); sides of S4 and S5 with more or less setae. Biology. There are currently no records of biological information for this genus. From our observation and collection experience, we know that representatives of the genus are active in grasslands, fields, and sunny places in woodlands and rainforests. Distribution. The Oriental Region: China (Taiwan, Yunnan, Guangxi), Thailand, and Malaysia (Shimizu et al. 2021 and current data). The genus is newly recorded from China mainland.

In transferable black-box attacks, adversarial samples remain adversarial across multiple models and are more likely to attack unknown models. From this view, acquiring and exploiting multiple models is the key to improving transferability. For exploiting multiple models, existing approaches concentrate on differences among models but ignore the underlying complex dependencies. This exacerbates the issue of unbalanced and inadequate attacks on multiple models. To this problem, this paper proposes a novel approach, called Relational Graph Ensemble Attack (RGEA), to exploit the dependencies among multiple models. Specifically, we redefine the multi-model ensemble attack as a multi-objective optimization and create a sub-optimization problem to compute the optimal attack direction, but there are serious time-consuming problems. For this time-consuming problem, we define the vector representation of the model, extract the dependency matrix, and then equivalently simplify the sub-optimization problem by utilizing the dependency matrix. Finaly, we theoretically extend to investigate the connection between RGEA and the traditional multiple gradient descent algorithm (MGDA). Notably, combining RGEA further enhances the transferability of existing gradient-based attacks. The experiments using ten normal training models and ten defensive models on the labeled face in the wild (LFW) dataset demonstrate that RGEA improves the success rate of white-box attacks and further boosts the transferability of black-box attacks.

Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) arising from P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) is a rare, distinct craniosynostosis syndrome, accompanied by ambiguous genitalia and impaired steroidogenesis. It is reported that this disorder is caused by mutations in the P450 oxidoreductase (POR; OMIM #124015) gene via autosomal recessive inheritance. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis to verify the genetic etiology of ABS in an infant. Initially, medical exome sequencing was applied using the parents’ peripheral blood genome DNA. Next, bidirectional Sanger sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted to confirm the sequencing results. The infant was diagnosed as ABS at birth, with typical midface hypoplasia, craniosynostosis, femoral bowing, radio-ulnar synostosis, and genital anomalies. She died two months later due to severe pneumonia and congenital heart disease. The medical exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed the missense mutation c.1370G>A (p.R457H) in exon 12 of POR was inherited from the father. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis verified an exon 5 microdeletion in the POR gene of the infant and her mother. While p.R457H is a well-known pathogenic mutation, the POR exon 5 deletion is absent from the public databases. However, it is classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines based on the evidence of PVS1, PM2, and PM3. In conclusion, this infant with ABS carried compound heterozygotic mutations in the POR gene; one was a paternal missense mutation, and the other was a maternal novel microdeletion. The mutations were inherited from the paternal grandfather and maternal grandfather, respectively. This detailed case report enriches our knowledge of the POR mutation spectrum and ABS pathogenesis.

In current two-stage neural text-to-speech (TTS) paradigm, it is ideal to have a universal neural vocoder, once trained, which is robust to imperfect mel-spectrogram predicted from the acoustic model. To this end, we propose Robust MelGAN vocoder by solving the original multi-band MelGAN's metallic sound problem and increasing its generalization ability. Specifically, we introduce a fine-grained network dropout strategy to the generator. With a specifically designed over-smooth handler which separates speech signal intro periodic and aperiodic components, we only perform network dropout to the aperodic components, which alleviates metallic sounding and maintains good speaker similarity. To further improve generalization ability, we introduce several data augmentation methods to augment fake data in the discriminator, including harmonic shift, harmonic noise and phase noise. Experiments show that Robust MelGAN can be used as a universal vocoder, significantly improving sound quality in TTS systems built on various types of data., Accepted by ISCSLP 2022

ObjectiveBehavioral intentions to care for patients with infectious diseases are crucial for improving quality of care. However, there have been few studies of the behavioral intentions and factors influencing patient care by clinical nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore cognition, attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions of clinical nurses while caring for COVID-19 patients and to explore any influencing factors.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted of nurses through convenience sampling in southeast China from February 2020 to March 2020. The questionnaire was developed based on the theory of planned behavior and self-efficacy.ResultsA total of 774 nurses completed the survey. Of these, 69.12% (535/774) reported positive behavioral intentions, 75.58% (585/774) reported a positive attitude, and 63.82% (494/774) reported having the confidence to care for patients. However, the lack of support from family and friends and special allowance affected their self-confidence. Attitude, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and ethical cognition were significantly positively correlated with behavioral intentions (r = 0.719, 0.690, 0.603, and 0.546, respectively, all P < 0.001). Structural equation model showed that self-efficacy, attitude, ethical cognition, and subjective norms had positive effects on behavioral intentions (β = 0.402, 0.382, 0.091, and 0.066, respectively, P < 0.01). The total effect of behavioral intentions was influenced by attitude, ethical cognition, self-efficacy, and subjective norms (β = 0.656, 0.630, 0.402, and 0.157, respectively, P < 0.01). In addition, ethical cognition had a positive mediating effect on behavioral intentions (β = 0.539, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe study results indicated that attitude, ethical cognition, and self-efficacy were the main factors influencing nurses' behavioral intention. Efforts should be made to improve nurses' attitude and self-efficacy through ethical education and training to increase behavioral intentions to care for patients with infectious diseases, which will improve the quality of nursing care.

Purpose To identify risk factors predicting spontaneous preterm labor (sPTB) less than 28 weeks after emergency cerclage in the second trimester of pregnancy.Methods 106 cases with Prolapsed membranes in the second trimester of pregnancy who underwent emergency cerclage were collected from July 2019-July 2021 .39 cases who happened sPTB less than 28 weeks were in case group. 67 cases were in control group.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors for sPTB less than 28 weeks after emergency cerclage.Results Among the 106 cases,37cases developed sPTB less than 28 weeks, and the incidence was 36.8%, Univariate analysis showed that positive cervical culture,cervical dilatation,the location of amniotic membranes and histologic chorioamnionitis were related with sPTB(PConclusion The independent risk factors of sPTB less than 28 weeks after emergency cerclage with prolapsed membranes in the second trimester of pregnancy was histologic chorioamnionitis and Amniotic membrane.

Additional file 7: Fig. S4. Allele classification of SNP in cultivated varieties and multiple sequence alignment depicting the amino acid sequence difference of Glyma.16G066600. (a), Represents the genotype distribution of population with SPC less than 42%; (b), Represents the genotype distribution of population with SPC greater than 50%. (c), Represents the multiple sequence alignment depicting the amino acid sequence difference of Glyma.16G066600

Additional file 1: Table S1. Descriptive statistics, broad sense heritability and F-value from ANOVA for SPC in the soybean RIL and F2 population

Additional file 6: Figure S3. Venn diagram analysis for RNA-seq data showing differentially expressed genes (Nanxiadou 25/Rongxiandongdou) at R5, R6, and R7 stages. (a), venn diagram representing the number of up-regulation DEGs. (b), venn diagram representing the number of down-regulation DEGs

Additional file 5: Figure S2. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-index plots of HP-bulk (High protein bulk) and LP-bulk (Low protein bulk). (a), represent the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-index plots of HP-pool. (b), represent the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-index plots of LP-pool

Additional file 4: Figure S1. Location of quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to protein contents. For simplicity, only show the markers in the QTL confidence intervals, along with the terminal two markers at each end of the QTL-containing chromosomes

Ting Chen, Haiying Wu, Xiuli Chen, Rongrong Xie, Fengyun Wang, Hui Sun, Linqi Chen Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000 Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ting ChenDepartment of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-512-8069-8322Email chenting888@suda.edu.cnStudy Objective: The well-known tumor suppressor transcriptional factor p53 has been proposed to be one of the central hubs of a functionally related and hierarchically arranged gene network coordinating pubertal timing. Our previous studies revealed that p53 is involved in the metabolic control of puberty. The current study aimed to investigate the underlying signaling pathway, through which p53 mediated the metabolic control of puberty.Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: We engineered the expression of p53 and/or Lin28a in GT1-7 cells to investigate the interaction between p53 and Lin28/let-7 system, and their impact on GnRH secretion.Results: Overexpression of p53 stimulated, while inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α significantly suppressed the GnRH secretion and GPR54 expression levels in response to kisspeptin stimulation in GT1-7 cells. Furthermore, overexpressed p53 suppressed Lin28a and c-Myc expression levels and increased let-7 expression levels in GT1-7 cell lines. On the other hand, inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α upregulated Lin28a and c-Myc levels and downregulated let-7 expression levels. Moreover, Lin28a overexpression counteracted the effect of p53 overexpression in p53 and Lin28a co-overexpression cells, whose GnRH secretion and GPR54 expression levels were not different from controls. Meanwhile, Lin28a suppression counteracted the effect of pifithrin-α, and the GnRH secretion and GPR54 expression levels are not different from controls in p53 and Lin28a co-suppression cells.Conclusion: These data suggest that p53 is a central mediator of GnRH secretion in hypothalamus, and this effect is at least partly through the Lin28/let-7 pathway.Keywords: pubertal timing, p53, Lin28/let-7 system, gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Liangshun You,1,* Cunying Yao,1,2,* Fan Yang,3 Qing Yang,4 Jianping Lan,5 Xiaolu Song,5 Jianping Shen,6 Xianfu Sheng,6 Xiaohui Chen,7 Huifen Tang,7 Huifang Jiang,8 Haiying Wu,8 Shenxian Qian,3 Haitao Meng1 1Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Haitao Meng; Shenxian Qian Email menghait2004@zju.edu.cn; sxqian@hotmail.comBackground: Candida tropicalis is the most common non-albicans Candida species identified in immunocompromised patients, which often appears with high mortality. However, data on the outcomes of treatment for Candida tropicalis fungemia in patients with neutropenia remain limited.Methods: In the present study, 90 neutropenic adult patients with proven Candida tropicalis fungemia, who received initial antifungal therapy, were retrospectively analyzed.Results: These results revealed that the overall 8-day and 30-day mortality among patients in the entire data set were 22.2% and 33.3%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the survival and death group, in terms of baseline characteristics. The univariate analysis of risk factors identified the treatment with azole as a predictor of mortality, while treatments that containing amphotericin B were associated with reduced mortality. In addition, the survival rate on day 30 was observed in 60.7% (17/28) of patients who were initially treated with echinocandins, while this was observed in 86.4% (19/22, P= 0.039) and 100% (13/13, P= 0.024) of patients treated with amphotericin B plus echinocandins and amphotericin B, respectively.Conclusion: These data indicate for the first time that the initial therapy with amphotericin B-based agents was associated with a better survival rate and could be assessed as the optimal strategy for the treatment of Candida tropicalis fungemia in patients with neutropenia.Keywords: Candida tropicalis, candidemia, hematological malignancy, neutropenia, amphotericin B, echinocandins

Cubic Co9S8 fracture structure nanoshells and cubic Co3S4 nanocrystallines were prepared by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process using cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) and thiourea (CH4N2S) as the starting materials. The as-prepared Co9S8 nanoshells and Co3S4 nanocrystallines were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) attachment and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. It is found that the phase transition could be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature, while morphologies of final products could be influenced by the molar ratio and reaction time of the precursor. And the possible mechanism for the formation of hollow and solid crystalline structures of the product was proposed.

The responses of Vallisneria natans to different water depths were analyzed in potted plants cultivated in a pond. The aim of the present study was to outline the effects of turbid water (i.e. low light) on the morphological parameters and photosynthetic efficiency of V. natans. After 60 days, V. natans plants of morphological characteristics (blade length, width, area, and growth rate) at a depth of 140–170 cm showed a significant decrease with increasing water depth and each parameter was negatively correlated with water depth (p < 0.01); the growth rate was remarkably inhibited with increasing water depth. The portion of light energy absorbed for electron transfer through the antenna pigments gradually decreased at a water depth of 120–170 cm and the concentration of electrons involved in CO2 fixation and qP decreased. However, qN exhibited an opposite trend in the leaves (p < 0.01). The utilized light intensity decreased with the increasing depth. Thus, both the morphology and physiology of V....

International audience; Understanding the transcriptional function of thyroid hormone receptors implies a precise analysis of their interactions with chromatin and other protein components of the cells. We present here two protocols that are routinely used in our laboratory. The first co-immunoprecipitation procedure allows addressing the capacity of proteins to form stable multiprotein complexes with TRs in cells. The chromatin affinity purification enables us to define the sites occupied by TRs on chromatin. In this case the lack of high quality antibodies is circumvented by introducing an N-terminal tag in TR, with unspecific affinity for immunoglobulins.

p16 is a tumor suppressor protein and also a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and HPV-L1 (L1) is a capsidic protein that is expressed in the early, productive phase of cervical carcinogenesis. To provide evidence for the evaluation of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the expressions of p16 and HPVL1 in different cervical diseases were determined and their relationship was explored. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of p16 and HPVL1 in women positive for HPV among whom 38, 32, 28, 33 and 10 had CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cervical adenocarcinoma, respectively. Fourteen healthy subjects were recruited as controls. Results showed the positive rate of p16 in cervicitis, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III,cervical SCC and cervical adenocarcinoma patients was 0, 26.3, 81.2, 96.4, 100 and 90%, respectively, and that of HPVL1 was 100, 65.8, 13.8, 0, 0 and 0%, respectively. p16(-)/HPVL1(+) was frequently found in patients with cervicitis or cervical lesions of low grade and p16(+)/HPVL1(-) was often noted in women with CIN III or cervical cancer. The cervical lesions of patients with p16(-)/HPVL1(-) or p16(+)/HPVL1(+) might have no progression or undergo degeneration. Detection of p16 and HPVL1 expressions plays an important role in the prediction of early cervical cancer and its progression. Key words: Cervical tumor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, human papilloma virus, HPVL1 protein, p16.

Background Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease with high mortality. Little is known about comparisons of the clinical characteristics or the factors that influence the long-term prognosis of Chinese patients with aortic dissection with and without Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods The authors studied the data of 246 patients with aortic dissection. The patients were hospitalised for aortic abnormalities from 2004 to 2008 in Fuwai Hospital. Medical charts were reviewed to obtain clinical data using a standardised data collection sheet. Results Of the 246 patients with acute aortic dissection, 56 had MFS. Compared with the non-MFS patients, those with MFS were considerably younger (mean±SD age 35.27±11.11 vs 54.11±11.96 years, p Conclusions These clinical results could be useful for rapid assessment of the treatment and prognosis of patients with aortic dissection.

This paper studies regional disparity and its trend by dividing China into four regions : East, Central, West and Northeast. The result shows that income disparity of households within-the-region is experiencing convergence while the inter-region disparity is diverging. In modern China, income disparity mainly stems from inter-regional differentiation. Hence the widening of overall income disparity is therefore the consequence of the enlargement of such differences. This trend becomes more distinct despite the commencement of the West Development Strategy which began in 2000. At the same time, income disparity for urban households within different provinces in the West has fallen though not for rural households which have witnessed a slight increase. By inquiring about the factors causing the disparity, we found that both economic and non-economic factors have an influence. We predict that in the long term, income disparity between the East and the West will continue on an upward trend.

Naval warfare in the future, the anti-ship missile with intelligent, rapid and tactical maneuvering is the greatest threat to surface ships. With the features of rapid response, high shooting and strong target destroying, Close-In Weapon Systems(CIWSs) is mainly qualified for eliminating this threat. Close-in weapon systems simulation can execute the study of fire control algorithm, verify the tactical target, optimize the technical parameters, and evaluate the weapon performance. Furthermore, it can save training funds and ammunition consumption. Based on the Close-in Weapon Systems, this paper designs the monitoring analysis software, which can monitor the reliability and adaptability of system, achieve for weapon node configuration, data transfer and weapon performance evaluation. It aims at introducing software composition and embodying the functional design of each module. Meanwhile, by Visual C++ 6.0, we can fulfill the software goal. Especially, we focus on the software training effectiveness and economic efficiency.

The variance component (VC) model is popular for psychology analysis. In this paper we generalize the method of ridge estimate into variance component model by means of the correspondence between deviation and mean. Then we prove that the mean square error of the ridge estimation is less than those of the common estimation. At last we give reasonable selections of the ridge parameters.

Aspect of Mandarin Chinese has attracted much interest and attention in recent years. Mandarin language is regarded as exclusively an aspect language (Gong 1991) for that the language does not grammatically mark tense but grammatically marks aspect. However, in contrast, English grammatically marks both tense and aspect (Xiao and McEnery 2002). In Mandarin Chinese there are four major aspect markers: guo, zai, zhe, and LE, in which guo is experiential aspect marker, zai and zhe are progressive aspect markers, whereas LE has been the most controversial marker in Mandarin.

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) was performed in 26 patients with aortoarteritis, including unilateral renal artery stenosis in ten patients, bilateral renal artery stenosis in 16 patients. The total of 37 stenotic artery were performed by PTRA. Among them, 30 stenosis (81.1 per cent) were technically successful, three stenosis (8.1 per cent) were technically improved, and four stenosis were resistant to dilatation. The blood pressure responses were observed after PTRA, including cured in 17 patients (65.4 per cent), improved in five patients (19.2 per cent), failed in four patients (15.4 per cent). Sixteen patients after successful angioplasty were followed-up from 6 months to 15 years (average 5.4 years). The blood pressure was still normal in 12 patients (75 per cent). The blood pressure gradually increased may be due to restenosis in four patients (25 per cent).

Recent studies found that a loss of motor function following corticospinal tract (CST) damage can, to some extent, be restored. Few studies, however, examine how space-occupying lesions in the brain motor area may affect the contralateral CTS structure and function. We performed a simulation of intracranial space-occupying lesions in the brain motor area by implanting of balloons into the brains of the two healthy macaques. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on the macaques' brains four times to measure the FA values of the contralateral CST operative area. The results showed that on the day of balloon implantation, the FA values had no obvious effect, but with time the effect increased, becoming increasingly apparent one week after removing the balloons. Experimental results demonstrated that this model was both feasible and reliable. After the simulated space-occupying lesions occurred in the brain motor area, DTI showed a compensatory response of the contralateral CTS, which remained for a short period of time even after the lesions were removed. This result suggests that the contralateral CST may then also contribute to recovery of limb function.因皮质脊髓束 (corticospinal tract, CST) 损伤而造成的运动功能丧失可得到一定恢复, 但关于大脑运动区占位性病变对健侧CST结构功能影响的研究却相对较少。该研究采用两只健康猕猴行球囊置入术建立大脑运动区占位性病变模型, 行4次磁共振弥散张量成像 (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) 扫描, 检测手术区对侧CST的FA值 (“各向异性”值), 发现球囊置入术后当天, 对侧CST的FA值无明显变化, 但随时间的延长升高, 球囊取出术后一周更为明显。实验表明该模型可行、可靠, 从DTI观察到病变健侧CST出现代偿, 即使占位解除短期内这一作用仍明显, 提示健侧CST共同参与瘫痪肢体功能的恢复。

The thesis work reports developments in the coordination chemistry of tetra-neopentoxyphthalocyaninatocobalt(II) (CoTNPc) complexes. The preparation, characterization, and ligand binding measurements in solution of seven new compounds are described in this thesis. Some additional complexes are studied in situ. Measurement of the equilibrium constants by UV-visible spectroscopy for the 1:1 binding reactions of the axial ligands (L = imidazole, N-methylimidazole, pyridine, 4-picoline, 4-tert-butylpyridine, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran) to CoTNPc in toluene solution allow for an estimation of the enthalpies for the binding of the N-donor ligands (7 - 12 kcal/mol) and the O-donor ligand (~ 4 kcal/mol). The order of equilibrium constants for ligand binding at room temperature is found to be: N-MeIm > pip > 4-[formula omitted]Bupy > Im > py > THF. Seven five-coordinate CoTNPc species have been isolated (L = N-MeIm, py, 4-pic, 4-[formula omitted]Bupy, pip, THF, DMSO) and characterized by elemental analyses, and UV-visible, MS (FAB), and NMR spectroscopy. The magnetic moment of CoTNPc in the solid state is found to be 2.23 ± 0.10 B.M. at ambient temperature, while the magnetic moment is 2.47 ± 0.10 B.M. in toluene solution. The magnetic moment of the five-coordinate species (py)CoTNPc is 2.61 ± 0.10 B.M. in toluene solution. It is concluded that CoTNPc and the five-coordinate complex (py)CoTNPc at room temperature are low spin with one unpaired electron. The ¹H NMR spectra of the paramagnetic species (CoTNPc, LCoTNPc, L = Im, N-MeIm, py, 4-pic, 4-[formula omitted]Bupy, pip, THF, PPh₃) are studied. The ¹H NMR spectra of CoTNPc are found to be solvent dependent; the α- and β-proton signals of the phthalocyanine ring are very broad in DMSO-d₆ and benzene-d₆, and in chloroform-d₁ these signals are so broad that they could not be observed. Some irregular multiplicities in these proton NMR spectra result from the cobalt(II) complexes being mixtures of isomers. The isotropic shift vs.l/T Curie plot for (py)CoTNPc shows that the extrapolated isotropic shifts of the benzo-, methylene, and methyl protons on the phthalocyanine ring at infinite temperature are not zero, indicating there is a contribution from a dipolar interaction. For the axial ligands, the proton signals of the methyl groups of some ligands (L = N-MeIm, 4-pic, 4-[formula omitted]Bupy) are observed, and these signals are averaged by rapid chemical exchange between the free and coordinated ligands; the ligand aromatic proton signals of these ligands are not observed. However, the ²H NMR spectra, when L = pyridine-d₆, show that the ϒ-²H signal shifts in a direction different to signals from the α- and β-²H deuterons, suggesting a contact shift mechanism is dominant in this case. The ³¹P NMR spectra of in situ PPh₃/CoTNPc samples do not give any peaks, indicating that signals for the phosphine are extremely broad. The elemental analyses, UV-visible spectra, IR, NMR, and ESR results suggest that CoTNPc and its five-coordinate species do not bind oxygen at the temperatures examined (77 K to ambient temperature).