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La investigación buscó identificar y describir las principales causas de condena por culpa patronal a consecuencia de accidentes de trabajo que se presentaron en empresas colombianas las cuales debían contar con un sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo debidamente implementado. Para ello, en el diseño metodológico se acude a un enfoque cualitativo y el método es descriptivo, teniendo en cuenta los pronunciamientos de la sala laboral de la corte suprema de justicia; así como la técnica documental al analizar textos de tipo teórico, descriptivo-analítico, sobre el particular desde el análisis de sentencias con condenas por culpa patronal, las cuales se hicieron conforme a una ficha técnica, para responder a la pregunta de investigación ¿Cuál es el factor de atribución de responsabilidad de la culpa patronal? ¿Cuáles son las falencias en las que están incurriendo los empleadores frente a la debida implementación del SG-SST? Por último se realizaron conclusiones a las que se llegaron conforme al análisis realizado y se emitieron recomendaciones para prevenir la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo en las empresas colombianas. The investigation sought to identify and describe the main causes of conviction for employer fault as a result of work accidents that occurred in Colombian companies which had to have a duly implemented Occupational Health and Safety Management System. For this, in the methodological design, a qualitative approach is used and the method is descriptive, taking into account the pronouncements of the Labor Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice; as well as the documentary technique when analyzing texts of a theoretical, descriptive-analytical type, on the subject from the analysis of sentences with convictions for employer fault, which were made in the form of a technical sheet, to answer the research question: Which is the attribution factor of employer fault? What are the shortcomings that employers are incurring in the proper implementation of the SG-SST? Finally, conclusions were reached according to the analysis carried out and recommendations were issued to prevent the occurrence of work accidents in Colombian companies. Especialista en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Especialización

This study aims to determine the risks that occur in the Construction Project of the Integrated Laboratory Building and Man 1 Library, Central Maluku. The method used is a qualitative analysis method. The subjects in this study were workers in the Integrated Laboratory Building Development Project and the Man 1 Library in Central Maluku totaling 30 samples. The primary data collection techniques are through questionnaires and secondary data collection is through work items while the data analysis methods used are Validity Test, Reality Test, and data analysis with a risk matrix., Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko-risiko yang terjadi pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Laboratorium Terpadu dan Perpustakaan Man 1 Maluku Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pekerja di Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Laboratorium Terpadu dan Perpustakaan Man 1 Maluku Tengah yang berjumlah 30 sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data primer melalui kuesioner dan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui item pekerjaan sedangkan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Validitas, Uji Realitas, dan analisis data dengan matriks risiko.

Construction services are one of the most important and strategic sectors supporting the achievement of development in Indonesia. Through this sector, Indonesia can experience stable economic growth. In 2020, accidents in the construction sector were the highest cases compared to other sectors, with a death rate of more than 60,000 cases annually. The role of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management and the application of its requirements when working at heights is crucial to protect against the dangers of work accidents due to high risk. This study aims to determine the relationship between the factors that affect work accidents in the construction sector and their effect on Productivity moderated by ergonomics. This research was conducted by analyzing surveys from work-at-height workers in the construction sector, with 107 respondents from projects in Jakarta. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on non-covariance, namely Partial Least Square (PLS). Data analysis using Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results show that Ergonomics has no direct effect on Productivity, with p-value 0.313. Work Accidents do not directly affect Productivity with p-value 0.333. OHS Management does not directly affect Work Accidents with p-value 0.013. OHS Management has a direct effect on Productivity with p-value 0.000. Application of OHS Requirements has a direct effect on Work Accidents with p-value 0.527. Application of OHS Requirements has a direct effect on Productivity with p-value 0.001 and Application of OHS Requirements through Ergonomics has no direct effect on Productivity with p-value 0.000., Jasa konstruksi merupakan salah satu sektor yang sangat penting dan strategis dalam mendukung pencapaian pembangunan di Indonesia. Melalui sektor ini, Indonesia dapat mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stabil. Selama tahun 2020, kecelakaan di sektor konstruksi merupakan kasus kecelakaan paling banyak dibandingkan dengan sektor lain dengan angka kematian lebih dari 60.000 kasus setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Peran Manajemen Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) dan penerapan persyaratan K3 saat bekerja di ketinggian sangat penting, sebagai upaya perlindungan dari bahaya kecelakaan kerja akibat risiko tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di sektor konstruksi dan pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas yang dimoderasi oleh ergonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis kuesioner dari pekerja di ketinggian di sektor konstruksi dengan total 107 responden dari proyek konstruksi di Jakarta. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis non-kovarians yaitu Partial Least Square (PLS). Analisis data menggunakan software SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ergonomi tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap Produktivitas, Kecelakaan Kerja tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap Produktivitas, Manajemen K3 tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap Kecelakaan Kerja, Manajemen K3 berpengaruh langsung terhadap Produktivitas, Penerapan Persyaratan K3 berpengaruh langsung terhadap Kecelakaan Kerja dan Penerapan Persyaratan K3 berpengaruh langsung terhadap Produktivitas. Sedangkan Penerapan Persyaratan K3 melalui Ergonomi tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap Produktivitas.

PT XYZ is a company engaged in manufacturing and also one of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) that produces urea and ammonia fertilizers. Work accidents that have occurred at PT XYZ in 2018-2019 are 9 cases of work accidents such as being sprayed with carbamate, hit by a hammer, hit by a splash of aqueous ammonia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of frequency, severity and Safe-T-Score. In this study, the calculation of the number of work accidents used is the frequency of stating accidents that occur every 1,000,000 working hours, severity stating the loss of working days every 1,000,000 working hours, Safe T Score aims to compare the results of the frequency of accidents. From the results of the research, the frequency level in 2018 was 3.42 and 2019 was 1.05 accidents every 1,000. 000 working hours so the frequency of accidents is getting lower from year to year. The severity level in 2018-2019 is 0 days, this is because PT XYZ has never experienced a work accident that has eliminated working hours. The 2019 Safe-T-Score result is -1763.07, this indicates that the frequency of work accidents shows an improving condition from the previous year.PT XYZ adalah salah satu Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) yang memproduksi pupuk urea dan amonia. Kecelakaan kerja yang pernah terjadi pada tahun 2018-2019 ialah 9 kasus kecelakaan kerja seperti Tersembur karbamat, terkena martil, terkena percikan aquos ammonia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat frekuensi, severity dan Safe-T-Score. Dalam penelitian ini perhitungan angka kecelakaan kerja yang di gunakan adalah frekuensi menyatakan kecelakaan yang terjadi setiap 1.000.000 jam kerja, severity menyatakan hilangnya hari kerja setiap 1.000.000 jam kerja, Safe T Score bertujuan membandingkan hasil tingkat frekuensi kecelakaan. Dari hasil penelitian tingkat frekuensi tahun 2018 adalah 3,42 dan 2019 adalah 1,05 kali terjadi kecelakaan setiap 1.000.000 jam kerja jadi frekuensi kecelakaan semakin rendah dari tahun ke tahun. Tingkat severity pada tahun 2018-2019 adalah 0 hari, Hal ini di karenakan PT XYZ tidak pernah mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang sampai menghilangkan jam kerja. Hasil Safe-T-Score tahun 2019 adalah -1763,07 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi kecelakaan kerja menunjukkan keadaan yang membaik dari tahun sebelumnya., PT XYZ is one of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) that produces urea and ammonia fertilizers. Work accidents that have occurred in 2018-2019 are 9 cases of work accidents such as being sprayed with carbamate, hit by a hammer, exposed to aqueous ammonia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of frequency, severity and Safe-T-Score. In this study the method used is work accident statistics where the calculation of the number of work accidents used is the frequency of stating accidents that occur every 1,000,000 working hours, severity stating rest periods every 1,000,000 working hours, Safe T Score aims to compare the results of the frequency of accidents. From the results of the study, the frequency level in 2018 was 3.42 and 2019 was 1.05 times there were accidents every 1,000,000 working hours so the frequency of accidents was getting lower from year to year. The severity level in 2018-2019 is 0 days, this is because PT XYZ has never had a work accident that has eliminated working hours. The 2019 Safe-T-Score result is - 1763.07, this indicates that the frequency of work accidents shows an improving condition from the previous year.PT XYZ adalah salah satu Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) yang memproduksi pupuk urea dan amonia. Kecelakaan kerja yang pernah terjadi pada tahun 2018-2019 ialah 9 kasus kecelakaan kerja seperti Tersembur karbamat, terkena martil, terkena percikan aquos ammonia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat frekuensi, severity dan Safe-T-Score. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan ialah statistik kecelakaan kerja yang dimana perhitungan angka kecelakaan kerja yang di gunakan adalah frekuensi menyatakan kecelakaan yang terjadi setiap 1.000.000 jam kerja, severity menyatakan hilangnya hari kerja setiap 1.000.000 jam kerja, Safe T Score bertujuan membandingkan hasil tingkat frekuensi kecelakaan. Dari hasil penelitian tingkat frekuensi tahun 2018 adalah 3,42 dan 2019 adalah 1,05 kali terjadi kecelakaan setiap 1.000.000 jam kerja jadi frekuensi kecelakaan semakin rendah dari tahun ke tahun. Tingkat severity pada tahun 2018-2019 adalah 0 hari, Hal ini di karenakan PT XYZ tidak pernah mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang sampai menghilangkan jam kerja. Hasil Safe-T-Score tahun 2019 adalah -1763,07 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi kecelakaan kerja menunjukkan keadaan yang membaik dari tahun sebelumnya.

Work accident is an unexpected and undesirable event that disrupts the activities of workers at work, causing harm to workers and the company. Some of the factors that cause workplace accidents include Work Period, use of PPE and Behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with workplace accidents in Engineering Services Unit employees at PT. PLN Bangkinang City. Design quantitative analytic research with cross sectional design. The sample in this study amounted to 45 people. The sampling technique is total sampling using a questionnaire. This research was conducted on 6-12 September 2018 at PT. PLN Bangkinang City. The data obtained were analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test with a significance level of 95%. Based on the results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between work period and work accident as evidenced by the p value (0.002)

5510 sayılı Kanunun 2008 yılında yürürlüğe girmesi ile birlikte kendi adına ve hesabına bağımsız çalışanlar kısa vadeli sigorta kapsamına alınmışlardır. Kanunun 4. maddesinin birinci fıkrasının b bendine (4/1-b) göre kendi adına ve hesabına bağımsız çalışanlar; ticari kazanç veya serbest meslek kazancı nedeniyle gelir vergisi mükellefi olanlar, esnaf ve sanatkârlar, şirket ortakları ve tarımsal faaliyette bulunanlardan oluşmaktadır. 2021 yılında yayınlanan SGK istatistikleri verilerine göre yaklaşık 3 milyon 4/1-b kapsamındaki sigortalı için sadece 555 iş kazası bildirimi yapıldığı görülmektedir. Yayınlanan bu istatistikler incelendiğinde iş kazası bildiriminin yapılmadığı dolayısıyla iş kazası veya meslek hastalığına maruz kalması halinde elde edilen haklardan da yararlanılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada kendi adına ve hesabına bağımsız çalışanlarının iş kazası bildirimlerinin neden düşük sayıda olduğu incelenmiştir. Kendi adına ve hesabına çalışanlar arasında belirli çalışan grupları seçilmiş ve saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan saha araştırmaları, incelenen istatistikler sonrası sigortalıların neden iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı sigortasından sağlanan haklardan yeterince yararlan(a)madıkları ve iş kazası bildirimlerinin niçin düşük olduğuna ilişkin tanılar ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak sigortalıların iş kazası bildirimlerinin az olmasında; kanunla sağlanan hakları hakkında bilgi sahibi olmamaları, bürokratik işlemlerin karmaşıklığı ve uzunluğu, resmî kurumlara karşı çekince, ceza kaygısı ve işyeri kavramının belirsizliği gibi sebepler ortaya koyulmuştur. Self-employed workers are covered by short-term insurance with the entry into force of Law No. 5510 in 2008. In accordance with the Social Security and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510 (Article 4/1-b) self employed workers consist those who are income taxpayers due to business or self employment earnings, tradesmen and craftsmen, those engaged in agricultural activities. When the SGK statistics published in 2021 are examined, it is seen that only 555 work accident repors were made out off an about 3 million insured. When these published statistics are examined, it is seen that no occupational accident notification was made. Fort his reason, it is seen that the rights obtained in case of exposure to work accident or occupational disease are not used. In this study, it has been examined why self-employed work accident reports are low. Certain groups were selected among the self-employed and field research was conducted. After the interviews wtih the institutions, the statistics examined, the work accident notification forms filled by the insured, diagnoses have been made about why the insured can not benefit from work accident and occupational disease insurance and the law rate of work accident notification. As a result, in he low number of accupational accident notifications of the insured; reasons such as lack of knowledge about their rights, complexity and length of bureaucratic procedures, reservations aganist official institutions, criminal anxiety and the breadth of the word of workplace have been put forward.

The rate of population growth in the city of Surabaya, which decreased in 2022, does not reduce the number of people's need for property in the form of residential houses with freehold titles. This number of needs has increased and has an impact on the increase of residential construction projects in residential areas. All types of construction projects are not risk-free, each construction has its risks, especially in the Occupational Health and Safety aspect, which is often neglected in residential construction projects compared to high-rise building construction projects. This study aims to identify work accidents in two-story residential construction projects, especially in concrete column work where in research it is often stated that the work has a risk value that tends to be high compared to other activities. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods by conducting direct field observations, interviews, and also distributing questionnaires. The results of the analysis of this study indicate that the type of work variable in the entire concrete column work that has the highest risk value compared to the others is casting and ironing work. Meanwhile, for the potential risk variable, which totaled 13, there are three potential risks with the highest risk values, namely: fine iron dust entering the eye, falling from a height when casting, and injuring the hand due to hammer blows. From the overall results of the analysis, concrete column work has an average risk value that is included in the medium category. Even though the risk level of column work in this two-story residential project is not as high as in a high-rise building construction project, it should be realized that the risk potential still exists even though it is classified as in the medium category so the Occupational Health and Safety aspect needs to be considered again.

İnşaat sektörü özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde lokomotif sektör olma özelliğini korumaktadır. Ülkelerin gayri safi milli hasılalarının önemli bir kısmı inşaat sektörüne ayrılmaktadır. Inşaat sektörü desteklediği yüzden fazla alt sekörle büyümede de önemli bir yere sahiptir. İnşaat işlerinde çok sayıda ekibin bir arada çalışması, her işin kendine özgü ve kendi çevresel şartlarının olması, birçok tehlike kaynağını barındırması sebebiyle iş kazası sayısı fazla olmaktadır. Sektörde gerçekleşen iş kazaları incelendiğinde kaza sayısının fazlalığı ve iş kazaları sonucu oluşan ölüm ve yaralanmalar ile sektörün ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Gerçekleşen iş kazalarında çalışanların gördüğü bedensel ve ruhsal zararların yanısıra ciddi maddi kayıplar da oluşmaktadır. Iş kazası sonucu hastane masrafları, tazminatlar, sigorta cezaları, mahkeme masrafları gibi giderlerin yanısıra işin geçici veya kalıcı olarak durması sonucu oluşacak işgücü kayıpları da ciddi olarak maliyet oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle ülkemizde 6331 sayılı iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kanununun yürürlüğe girmesiyle iş güvenliği uzmanı, iş yeri hekimi ve yardımcı sağlık personeli çalıştırılması, iş güveliği kurulu oluşturulması, eğitim faaliyetlerinin düzenlenmesi, acil durum eylem planı ve risk planı hazırlanması, hazırlanan risk planı doğrultusunda risklerin ortadan kaldırılması veya azaltılması için gerekli önlemlerin alınması, bu çalışmaların belirli periyotlarla tekrarlanması gibi bir çok yenilik hayatımıza girmiştir. Bu çalışmada inşaat sektöründe gerçekleşen iş kazaları incelenecek ve iş güvenliği ile ilgili çalıştırılan personel ve alınan güvenlik tedbirleri maliyetlerinin üzerinde durulacaktır., The construction sector maintains its feature of being the leading sector, especially in developing countries. A significant part of the gross national product of the countries is allocated to the construction sector. The construction industry has an important place in growth with more than a hundred sub-sectors it supports. The number of occupational accidents is high due to the fact that many teams work together in construction works, each work has its own unique and own environmental conditions and contains many sources of danger. When the occupational accidents in the sector are examined, it is seen that the sector comes to the fore with the high number of accidents and the deaths and injuries caused by work accidents. In these occupational accidents, besides the physical and mental damages the employees suffer, serious financial losses also occur. In addition to expenses such as hospital expenses, compensation, insurance penalties, court expenses as a result of work accidents, labor losses due to temporary or permanent cessation of work also constitute serious costs. Especially with the enactment of the occupational health and safety law numbered 6331 in our country, employing occupational safety specialists, workplace physicians and assistant health personnel, establishing an occupational safety committee, organizing training activities, preparing an emergency action plan and risk plan, eliminating risks in line with the prepared risk plan, or Many innovations such as taking the necessary measures to reduce them, repeating these studies periodically, have entered our lives. In this study, occupational accidents in the construction sector will be examined and the costs of the personnel employed and safety measures taken related to occupational safety will be emphasized.

This study was carried out to make a holistic evaluation on the occupational health and safety (OHS) of fisheries and aquaculture sector with its subsectors and to reveal the actual situation of fisheries and aquaculture sector by comparing relevant OHS statistics reported in Turkey. Annual average of accidents in the fisheries and aquaculture sector was found to be 312 (+/- 147.6), of which 2.14 (+/- 1.57) resulted in permanent incapacity and 1.57 (+/- 1.51) of them with fatality. While general incidence rate, fatal incidence rate, permanent incapacity incidence rate and work accident frequency rate were calculated as 2211.8 (+/- 574) 103.6 (+/- 13.4), 5.88 (+/- 2.41) ve 8.36 (+/- 1.93), these values for fisheries and aquaculture sector were determined to be 3579.1 (+/- 1549.3) 175.65 (+/- 152.34), 240.67 (154.62) ve 13.65 (+/- 5.84), respectively. In 2019, the fatal accident rate in Turkey was found to be 0.27% in general, 0.34% in the mining sector, 0.77% in construction and 0.80% in transportation. This ratio was calculated as 1% in the fisheries and aquaculture sector. It was determined that there were more work accidents and fatal incidents in fisheries and aquaculture activities in the seas than in fresh water. Difference between number of work accidents and the duration of temporary incapacity as a result of work accidents in fisheries and aquaculture activities in marine and fresh waters were also significant (p

Gelişmiş milletlerin sanayilerinde meydana gelen büyümeler iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusunda ortaya koydukları ilerlemeler ile doğru orantılıdır. İlerlemelerin en büyük göstergesi ise iş kazası sayısının en aza indirgenmesidir. Bu kapsamda ülkemizde yaşanan iş kazalarının incelenerek yorumlanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma kapsamındaki 2012-2020 yılları arasında yaşanan iş kazalarına ait istatistiksel veriler, iş görmezlik süreleri ve ölümlü vaka sayıları Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’ndan elde edilmiştir. Veriler analiz edilerek sektör ayrımı yapılmadan yıllara ait iş kazası ağırlık oranları ve iş kazası sıklık hızları belirlenmiş ve kıyaslanmıştır. 2012-2020 yılları arasında iş kazası sıklık hızı %447,25 artış, iş kazası ağırlık oranı ise gün bazında %43,79 artış göstermiştir. İş kazası sıklık hızı ile iş kazası ağırlık oranı arasındaki artışın anlamsız olmasından dolayı ortaya çıkan değer değişkenlerin standart insidans oranı için %95 güven aralığında istatistiksel standardizasyonları yapılmıştır. Özellikle Covid-19 pandemi şartlarındaki sokağa çıkma yasağı, evden çalışma, belirli sektör çalışmalarının durdurulması vb. önlemlerin uygulanması sonrasında iş hayatındaki faal çalışanları oranı hızla azalmıştır. 2012-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de meydana gelen iş kazalarının standardize edilmesi sonrasında iş kazası sayısının azalmadığı az da olsa arttığı görülmüştür. Bu durum Türkiye’de çalışma hayatına giren sigortalı işçilerin iş kazası ile karşılaşma oranlarının arttığını ve işçi sayısı arttıkça iş kazası oranının da arttığını göstermektedir., The growth in the industries of developed nations is directly proportional to the progress they have made in occupational health and safety. The biggest indicator of these advances is the minimization of the number of occupational accidents. In this context, it is of great importance to be interpreted by examining the occupational accidents in our country. Within the scope of this study, statistical data, periods of incapacity and number of fatal cases related to occupational accidents between the years 2012-2020 were obtained from the Social Security Institution. By analyzing the data, occupational accident severity rates and occupational accident frequency rates for years were determined and compared without making any sectoral discrimination. Between 2012 and 2020, the frequency of occupational accidents increased by 447.25% and the occupational accident severity rate increased by 43.79% on a daily basis. Due to the insignificance of the increase between the occupational accident frequency rate and the occupational accident severity rate, statistical standardizations were made for the standard incidence rate of the resulting variables within the 95% confidence interval. In particular, after the implementation of the measures within the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic such as curfew, working from home, stopping certain sector works etc. the rate of active employees in business life decreased rapidly. After the standardization of work accidents that occurred in Turkey between the years 2012-2020, it was observed that the number of work accidents did not decrease, but increased slightly. This situation shows that the rate of encountering work accident of insured workers who enter the working life in Turkey increases and the rate of work accident increases as the number of workers increases.

Nuestro proyecto tiene la intención de diseñar un SG-SST para la organización Fondo de Empleados - Fongrantierra, empresa perteneciente al sector solidario. Para la ejecución del proyecto se realizará un estudio y posteriormente un análisis de los Decretos 1072 de 2015 y la resolución 0312 de 2019, realizando una matriz de riesgos y peligros a través de la cual se puedan identificar los riesgos latentes a los que se encuentran expuestos los colaboradores en el desarrollo de sus actividades cotidianas. Ahora bien, podemos evidenciar que en esta organización no se ha implementado un sistema similar, por tal razón optamos por realizar este proyecto en pro de minimizar la exposición de los riesgos y capacitar al personal. Dedicatoria Agradecimientos Introducción Resumen Abstract Palabras Claves Key Words 1. Título 2. Problema de Investigación 2.1 Descripción del problema 2.2 Formulación del problema 3. Objetivos 3.1 Objetivo General 3.2 Objetivos Específicos 4. Justificación y delimitación 4.1 Justificación 4.2 Delimitación 4.3 Limitaciones 5. Marco de Referencia 5.1 Estado del Arte 5.2 Marco Teórico 5.3 Marco Legal 5.3.1 Marco Legal Nacional 5.3.2 Marco Legal Internacional 6. Marco Metodológico de la investigación 6.1 Recolección de la Información 6.2 Análisis de la Información 6.3 Cronograma 7. Resultados 7.1 Análisis e interpretación de los resultados 7.2 Diagnóstico inicial estándares mínimos Resolución 0312 de 2019. 7.3 Resultados de matriz de identificación de peligros y evaluación y valoración de riesgos. 7.4 Discusión 7.5 Propuesta de Solución. 8 Análisis Financiero 9 Conclusiones 10 Recomendaciones 11 Referencias Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

La Droguería Pharmacapital CJC, es una empresa de comercio en el sector salud, para la comercialización al por menor de productos farmacéuticos y medicinales, cosméticos y artículos de tocador en establecimientos especializados. Al tomar consciencia de los beneficios y perjuicios de no contar con un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST), buscaron implementar las medidas respectivas, para la prevención de accidentes o enfermedades laborales dentro de la organización, con el fin de lograr el cumplimento legal. Para ello se hizo uso de varias metodologías durante su desarrollo, las cuales fueron; la guía técnica de implementación del SG-SST para MIPYMES, así como la tabla de valores de los estándares mínimos definidos en la Resolución 0312 de 2019 y el Decreto 1072 de 2015; entre otra información tomada durante la investigación realizada descrito el marco de referencia del presente documento. Durante la investigación se examinaron las medidas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo que se han implementado dentro de la droguería, evidenciando un porcentaje de cumplimiento bajo en comparación a lo requerido para el cumplimiento normativo y legal. Con el fin de brindar solución, se realizó análisis de los resultados obtenidos, los cuales permitieron elaborar la propuesta de diseño así como la propuesta de un plan de trabajo, para que la organización realice su respectiva implementación, con el cual contribuye a la promoción de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, prevención de accidentes o enfermedades laborales y eficiencia, ya que al contar con el SG-SST, mejora el bienestar dentro de la organización así como el cumplimiento legal o normativo evitando sanciones. The Pharmacapital CJC Drugstore is a trade company in the health sector, for the retail marketing of pharmaceutical and medicinal products, cosmetics and toiletries in specialized establishments. By becoming aware of the benefits and harms of not having an Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SG-SST), they sought to implement the respective measures, for the prevention of accidents or occupational diseases within the organization, with the aim of in order to achieve legal compliance. For this, various methodologies were used during its development, which were; the technical guide for the implementation of the SG-SST for MSMEs, as well as the table of values of the minimum standards defined in Resolution 0312 of 2019 and Decree 1072 of 2015; among other information taken during the investigation carried out described the frame of reference of this document. During the investigation, the occupational health and safety measures that have been implemented within the drugstore were examined, evidencing a low percentage of compliance compared to what is required for regulatory and legal compliance. In order to provide a solution, an analysis of the results obtained was carried out, which allowed the elaboration of the design proposal as well as the proposal of a work plan, so that the organization carries out its respective implementation, with which it contributes to the promotion of safety and health at work, prevention of accidents or occupational diseases and efficiency, since having the SG-SST improves well-being within the organization as well as legal or regulatory compliance, avoiding sanctions. Tabla de contenido 1. Planteamiento del problema 14 1.1. Descripción del problema 14 1.1.1. Enunciado del problema 14 1.1.2. Delimitación o alcance del problema 15 1.2. Formulación problema 15 2. Objetivos 17 2.1. Objetivo general 17 2.2. Objetivos específicos 17 3. Justificación y delimitación 18 3.1. Justificación 18 3.2. Delimitación 22 3.3. Limitaciones 24 4. Marco de referencia 25 4.1. Estado del arte 25 4.1.1. Tasis Nacionales 25 4.1.2. Tesis Internacionales 31 4.2. Marco teórico 33 4.2.1. Información Nacional 33 4.2.2. Información Internacional 41 4.3. Marco legal 44 4.3.1. Nacional 45 4.3.2. Internacional 47 5. Marco metodológico de la investigación 50 5.1. Paradigma 50 5.2. Método de la investigación 50 5.3. Tipos de investigación 51 5.4. Fases del Estudio 51 5.5. Recolección de la información 54 5.5.1. Fuentes primarias 54 5.5.2. Fuentes secundarias 54 5.5.3. Población 54 5.5.4. Materiales 55 5.5.5. Técnicas 55 5.5.6. Procedimientos 56 6. Resultados 57 6.1. Diagnostico 57 6.1.1. Autoevaluación diagnóstica de estándares mínimos 57 6.1.2. Revisión Matriz de peligros y riesgos 58 6.1.3. Indicadores de ausentismo, accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales 58 6.1.4. Perfil sociodemográfico y Auto reportes de condiciones de salud 60 6.2. Contextualización 61 6.3. Análisis de los resultados 61 6.3.1. Autoevaluación diagnóstica de estándares mínimos 61 6.3.2. Análisis de Matriz de peligros y riesgos 63 6.1.1. Indicadores de ausentismo, accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales 63 6.1.2. Perfil sociodemográfico y Auto reportes de condiciones de salud 64 6.2. Propuesta realizada 65 7. Análisis financiero 71 7.1. Relación costo - beneficio 71 8. Conclusiones y recomendaciones 74 8.1. Conclusiones 74 8.2. Recomendaciones 76 Bibliografía 78 Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

El propósito de este documento es el de realizar el diseño del sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SG_SST) para el edificio la Esperanza, permitiendo que esta organización de cumplimiento a lo estipulado en el decreto 1072 de 2015 y a la resolución 0312 de 2019 1. Título de la investigación 2. Planteamiento del Problema 2.1. Descripción del problema. 2.2. Formulación del problema 3. Objetivos 3.1. Objetivo general 3.2. Objetivos específicos 4. Justificación y delimitación 4.1. Justificación 4.2. Delimitaciones 4.3. Limitaciones 5. Marco referencial 5.1. Estado del arte 5.1.1. Ámbito Nacional 5.1.2. Antecedentes internacionales 5.2. Marco Teórico 5.2.1. Propiedad Horizontal 5.2.2. Seguridad y salud en el trabajo 5.2.3. Sistemas de gestión 5.2.4. ILO OSH 2001- Directrices relativas a los sistemas de gestión de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo 5.3. Marco legal 6. Marco Metodológico de la investigación Tipo de investigación Fases del estudio 6.1. Recolección de la información Fuentes primarias Fuentes Secundarias Materiales Población Técnicas Matriz Iperv Lista de verificación Análisis de la información Tabla 7. Cronograma 7. Resultados Propuesta de diseño sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo para el edificio La Esperanza PH Discusión 8. Análisis Financiero 8.1. Conclusiones 8.2. Recomendaciones 9. Referencias 10. Anexos Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

The situation in the field shows that there is still a high number of work accidents that occur in transportation facilities. It is very unfortunate if the Purabaya Terminal has not fully implemented the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) which will have a positive impact on service quality, operations and performance by making efficient and effective efforts to prevent the risk of work-related accidents and diseases. If this happens, it can improve customer and community relations which aim to increase community satisfaction. This is in line with PP No. 50 of 2012. The purpose of this study was to describe the success rate of OSHM implementation at Purabaya Terminal based on PP no. 50 of 2012 and analyze the inhibiting factors. This research method uses a qualitative method by collecting survey data using a checklist questionnaire instrument and interviewing the entire study population, namely all employees at the Purabaya Terminal. After data collection, an analysis of the achievement level of OSHM implementation at the Purabaya terminal was carried out with a result of 27% of 166 criteria. This figure indicates a low rating of the application. Factors that influence this include the lack of staff in the OSH control section, lack of funds, lack of OSH awareness, and inadequate and uneven facilities. So that by implementing these results, it can be used to continue K3 pre-implementation activities in the form of training, outreach and providing OSH awareness to all employees at Purabaya Terminal.

Actualmente, en Colombia es muy fácil obtener un vehículo particular para movilizarse, bien es el caso de la facilidad para adquirir una motocicleta para fines prácticos de los ciudadanos, sin embargo, este tipo de motocicletas representan una serie de riesgos a la integridad humana. Es por ello, que este documento pretende evidenciar los factores de riesgo que enfrentan los supervisores de seguridad y vigilancia, quienes hacen uso de estos vehículos como herramienta de trabajo para optimizar sus funciones de una forma ágil al cumplir con las obligaciones de la revista en los diferentes puestos de trabajo, verificando las novedades y la atención a los clientes, en la ciudad de Bogotá; como parte fundamental en el desarrollo total de la operación en conjuntos residenciales y en empresas, sin llegar a tener una adecuada sensibilización ante los riesgos ocupacionales que pueden enfrentar estos trabajadores. Por lo tanto, la identificación de factores de riesgos proporciona el análisis que radica en accidentes laborales, los cuales demandan una necesidad de capacitación, manejo de personal, responsabilidad colectiva en cuanto al ejecutar la acción sobre la normativa impartida por el gobierno nacional y distrital. Siendo esto un caso en estudio para detectar las mejoras que se puedan afrontar ante las posibles situaciones de peligro a las cuales se encuentran día a día los supervisores de seguridad. Currently, in Colombia it is very easy to obtain a private vehicle to mobilize, well is the case of the ease of acquiring a motorcycle for practical purposes of citizens, however, this type of motorcycle represents a series of risks to human integrity. It is then that this document intends to evidence the risk factors faced by security and surveillance supervisors, who make use of these vehicles as a work tool to optimize their functions in an agile way by fulfilling the obligations of the magazine in the different jobs verifying the news and customer service, in the city of Bogotá; as a fundamental part in the total development of the operation in residential complexes and in companies, without having an adequate awareness of the occupational risks that these workers may face. Therefore, the identification of risks provides the analysis that lies in occupational accidents, which demand a need for training, personnel management, and collective responsibility in terms of executing the action on the regulations issued by the national and district government. This is a case study to detect the improvements that can be faced in the face of possible dangerous situations that safety supervisors face every day. Especialización

The present study aims to investigate the best way to satisfy the right of the holder of credits derived from labor legislation or resulting from work accidents in judicial recovery, considering the changes produced by Law No. 14.112/2020 of Business Recovery and Bankruptcy. The problem is posed from the hermeneutics of art. 54, §2 of Law no. 11.101/2005 and will be investigated in the light of jurisprudential precedents and specialized doctrine. The study proposes to investigate the hypothesis that the best interpretation of the aforementioned legal provision considers that the legal deadlines must be counted in a cumulative and not alternative way, recognizing that the best thing for the creditor would be to receive their rights in a timely manner, but, before the impossibility of perceiving them this way, the less worse it will be to receive them in an extended period than having to qualify for the bankruptcy process. O presente estudo objetiva perquirir o meio mais adequado para satisfação do direito do titular dos créditos derivados da legislação do trabalho ou decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho na recuperação judicial, considerando as alterações produzidas pela Lei nº 14.112/2020 na lei de recuperação de empresas e falência. O problema é posto a partir da hermenêutica do art. 54, §2º da Lei nº 11.101/2005 e será investigado à luz dos precedentes jurisprudenciais e da doutrina especializada. O estudo se propõe a investigar a hipótese de que a melhor interpretação do referido dispositivo legal seria aquela que considera que os prazos legais devam ser contados de forma cumulativa e não alternativa, reconhecendo que para o credor seria preferível receber seus direitos de forma tempestiva, mas, ante a impossibilidade de assim os perceberem, mais vantajoso seria recebê-los em prazo dilatado do que se habilitar no processo falimentar.

En el siguiente documento se presenta la estructura metodológica de una propuesta de apren-dizaje basado en problemas (ABP), dirigido a responder una pregunta de investigación en el área de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo; en donde se relaciona el planteamiento del problema que argumenta desde referentes estadísticos, los riesgos materializados que son objeto de estudio, así como las causas endógenas y exógenas que han intervenido para que ello suceda. Posterior a ello, se desarrolla la propuesta, encaminada en proponer estrategias de solución que eliminen, minimicen o controlen la materialización de los riesgos más prominentes y que generan traumas en el proceso operativo, táctico y gerencial de la compañía. Por último, se presentan conclusiones, recomendaciones y aportes que son producto de la recopilación en el desarrollo del estudio en el contexto y exposición del caso en la empresa anteriormente mencionada. Tabla de contenido 1. Introducción 1 2. Resumen 7 3. Metodología 8 4. Planteamiento del problema 12 4.1. Formulación del problema 18 5. Objetivos 19 5.1. Objetivo general: 19 5.2. Objetivos específicos: 19 6. Justificación 20 7. Marco neológico 21 7.1. Marco conceptual: 21 7.2. Marco teórico: 23 7.3. Marco legal 26 8. Hipótesis 28 9. Desarrollo de los objetivos 29 9.1. Objetivo 1: 29 9.2. Objetivo 2 54 9.2.1. Validación hipótesis objetivo 2. 56 9.3. Objetivo 3: 58 9.3.1. Validación hipótesis objetivo 3. 61 9.4. Objetivo 4: 62 9.4.1. Metodología 5W2H. 62 9.4.2. Plan de capacitación sobre riesgo biomecánico. 64 9.4.3. Matriz legal enfocada en Riesgo Biomecánico. 66 9.4.4. Manual para manipulación manual de carga en la empresa Archila Ingenieros S.A.S. 69 9.4.5. Validación hipótesis objetivo 4 79 10. Conclusiones 81 10.1. A nivel personal: 81 10.2. A nivel profesional: 81 10.3. Aprendizajes y productos esperados 82 11. Recomendaciones 84 12. Anexos 85 13. Bibliografía 86 The following document presents the methodological structure of a problem-based learning (PBL) proposal, the objective is to answer a research question in the field of occupational safety and health; where the problem statement that argues from statistical references is related, the materialized risks under study, as well as the endogenous and exogenous causes that have intervened to make this happen. Subsequently, the proposal is developed, aimed at proposing solution strategies to eliminate, minimize or control the materialization of the most prominent risks and that generate traumas in the operational, tactical and managerial process of the company. Finally, conclusions, recommendations and contributions are presented, which are the result of the compilation in the development of the study in the context of the aforementioned company. Pregrado

Work accident occur because of two groups. The first group is mechanical and environmental factors (unsafe conditions). The second group is the human factor (unsafe action). Human resources are very important assets in a company or organization, where employees can become potentials if managed properly and properly. On the contrary, it can become a burden if you are mismanaged. One of the efforts that companies can make to maintain employee health and safety is to implement employee health and safety management by implementing a good and correct application of an occupational safety and health management system (SMK3). Unsafe acts at PT EGS Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with the approach used is cross sectional. The data analysis technique used in this research is SEM (Structural Equation Model). The results showed that the OSH management system in the form of leadership and policy had a negative effect on unsafe action. The OSH Management system in the form of planning has a negative effect on unsafe actions. The OSH management system in the form of its implementation has a negative effect on unsafe actions. The OSH Management system in the form of performance evaluation has a negative effect on unsafe actions. The OSH management system in the form of corrective action has a negative effect on unsafe actions. The conclusion is that the overall occupational health safety management system in the form of leadership and policies, planning, implementation, performance evaluation and corrective action has a negative effect on unsafe action.

Revisión sistemática [ES] Introducción: La exposición laboral a agentes biológicos afecta a gran variedad de ocupaciones, sien do el sector sanitario uno de los más expuestos, especialmente al VIH, VHB y VHC. En la actualidad, en el ámbito sanitario hay una tendencia creciente a cambiar el turno de 7 horas por el de 12 horas. Método: El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la influencia de las jornadas de 12 horas en la ocurrencia de accidentes con riesgo biológico en enfermeros/as y auxiliares de enfermería de hospital. Es un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de los accidentes biológicos ocurridos en 3 hospitales públicos entre el 1/1/2017 y el 31/12/2018.Resultados: La incidencia de accidentes fue mayor en trabajadores con jornadas de 12 horas (3,6 por cada 100 trabajadores), en enfermeros/as (4,8 por cada 100 enfermeros/as) y en hombres (4,1 por cada 100 hombres). En las plantas de hospitalización, el área quirúrgica y urgencias la incidencia de accidentes fue mayor en trabajadores con jornada de 12 horas. Conclusiones: La realización de jornadas de 12 horas en el ámbito hospitalario entre los enfermero/as se asocia con una mayor ocurrencia de accidentes biológicos. No suponiendo un riesgo estadísticamente significativo en hospitalización, quirófano ni urgencias, pero si un factor protector en UCI. Por ello, serán necesarios más estudios para valorar la influencia de la duración de la jornada en la salud de los trabajadores sanitarios. [EN] Introduction: Occupational exposure to biological agents affects a wide variety of occupations, with the health sector being one of the most exposed, especially to HIV, HBV and HCV. At present, in the health sector there is a growing trend to change the 7-hours shift to the 12-hours shift. Method: The objective of this study is to know the influence of 12-hours days on the occurrence of accidents with biological risk in nurses and nursing assistants of hospitals. It is a retrospective cohort study of biological accidents that occurred in 3 public hospitals between 1/1/2017 and 31/12/2018.Results: The incidence of accidents was higher in workers with 12-hours shifts (3,6 per 100 workers), in nurses (4,8 per 100 nurses) and in men (4,1 per 100 men). In the hospitalization wards, the surgical and emergency areas, the incidence of accidents was higher in workers with a 12-hours shift. Conclusions: The realization of 12-hours shifts in the hospital environment among nurses is associated with a higher occurrence of biological accidents. Not assuming a statistically significant risk in hospitalization, surgical area and emergency area, but a protective factor in ICU. Therefore, more studies will be needed to assess the influence of the length shift of work on the health of health workers. No

Digital, La empresa Industria Metálica Alex Marín fue creada en el año 2020, como empresa unipersonal con la finalidad de prestarle un servicio a la Industria automotriz enfocado en vehículos de carga pesadas, realizando la fabricación, el mantenimiento, ensamble, montaje e instalación de partes o piezas de lujos en la ciudad de Girón, Santander. En el presente proyecto se realizó un diagnóstico inicial para evaluar el estado actual de la empresa y así poder llevar a cabo el diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo basado en los estándares mínimos de la resolución 0312 del 2019, el decreto 1072 del 2015 y la guía técnica Colombiana NTC-45. El desarrollo se realizó mediante un diagnóstico organizacional identificando así su situación actual en base a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, después de esto se normalizaron los procesos y procedimientos soportados mediante documentos que evidenciaron la implementación del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, de igual manera se llevó a cabo la evaluación e identificación de peligros a través de una matriz de riesgos, finalmente se ejecutó una auditoría interna para determinar la eficacia que presenta el sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. El análisis realizado en la empresa Industria Metálica Alex Marín, evidencia una alta deficiencia relacionada a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo ya que solo cumple con un 6,7% de los estándares mínimos exigidos por el capítulo III de la resolución 0312 del 2019., The metal industry company Alex Marín was created in 2020, as a sole proprietorship with the purpose of providing a service to the automotive industry focused on heavy cargo vehicles, carrying out the manufacture, maintenance, assembly, assembly and installation of parts or components. of luxuries in the city of Giro, Santander. In this project, an initial diagnosis was made to evaluate the current state of the company and thus be able to carry out the design and implementation of an occupational health and safety management system based on the minimum standards of resolution 0312 of 2019, decree 1072 of 2015 and the Colombian technical guide NTC-45. The development was carried out through an organizational diagnosis, thus identifying its current situation based on safety and health at work, after which the processes and procedures supported by documents that evidenced the implementation of the safety and health management system in the workplace were normalized. In the same way, the evaluation and identification of hazards was carried out through a risk matrix, finally an internal audit was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the occupational health and safety management system. Concluding that the Alex Marín metal industry company has a high deficiency related to occupational health and safety since it only meets 6.7% of the minimum standards required by chapter III of resolution 0312 of 2019., Pregrado, Ingeniero(a) Industrial, Introducción 15 Problema de Investigación 17 Pregunta de Investigación 19 Justificación 20 Objetivos 22 Objetivo General 22 Objetivos Específicos 22 Marco Referencial 23 Antecedentes de la Investigación 23 Internacionales 23 Nacionales 25 Marco Conceptual 27 Causas Inmediatas 29 Causas Básicas 29 Marco Legal 29 Antecedentes de la Empresa o Contexto 31 Metodología 33 Tipo de Investigación 33 Diseño Metodológico 33 Fase 1. Diagnóstico de la Organización 34 Fase 2. Normalizar el Proceso de Seguridad y Salud de Trabajo 34 Fase 3. Identificar Peligros y Riesgos Existentes 34 Fase 4: Evaluación de la Implementación del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo 35 Población 35 Técnicas e Instrumentos de Recolección de Datos 35 Técnicas de Procesamiento y Análisis de los Datos 36 Discusión y Análisis de Resultados 37 Diagnóstico de la Organización 37 Actividad 1: Diagnóstico Inicial 37 Actividad 2: Encuestas 40 Normalización del Proceso de Seguridad y Salud de Trabajo 41 Política SST 41 Control de Documentos 42 Programa de Capacitación y Entrenamiento 43 Gestión del Vigía 43 Procedimiento de Gestión del Cambio 44 Plan de Prevención, Reparación y Respuesta Ante Emergencias 44 Investigación de Incidentes, Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades 45 Acciones Correctivas y Preventivas 45 Acondicionamiento de la Empresa 45 Equipos de Emergencia 45 Organigrama 50 Descripción de las Actividades Realizadas por el Personal 51 Plan de Trabajo Anual 52 Identificar Peligros y Riesgos Existentes 53 Clasificación de Actividad del Lugar de Trabajo 53 Identificación de Peligros 53 Evaluación del Riesgo 55 Plan de Acción 55 Evaluación de la Implementación del Sistema de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo 57 Resultado de Auditoria 58 Conclusiones 64 Recomendaciones 66 Referencias Bibliográficas 67

Los trabajadores de la empresa DISTRIEXITO S.A.S se encuentran diariamente expuestos al riesgo biomecánico debido a las actividades realizadas dentro de su jornada laboral; específicamente, en el área administrativa, se desarrollan tareas repetitivas que implican a su vez posturas forzadas y prolongadas, y en el caso particular del área operativa y de almacenamiento, se realizan actividades relacionadas con la manipulación manual de cargas y posturas prolongadas. Estas situaciones de trabajo hacen necesario el diseño de un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológico para la prevención de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos. El presente proyecto de estudio se despliega entorno a un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, el cual se desarrollará en cinco fases: revisión de los análisis estadísticos, análisis de la matriz de identificación de peligros y valoración de riesgo, inspección de puestos de trabajo, encuesta de condiciones de salud y diseño del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica. Como resultado, se obtendrán estrategias y/o mecanismos de control para la prevención de desórdenes musculo esqueléticos en la empresa. The workers of the company DISTRIEXITO S.A.S are daily exposed to biomechanical risk due to the activities carried out within their working day; specifically, in the administrative area, repetitive tasks are carried out that in turn imply forced and prolonged postures, and in the particular case of the operational and storage area, activities related to the manual handling of loads and prolonged postures are carried out. These work situations make it necessary to design an Epidemiological Surveillance System for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders. This present study project unfolds a qualitative and quantitative approach, which will develop in five phases: review of statistical analysis, analysis of the hazard identification matrix and risk assessment, inspection of job positions, polls of health conditions and epidemiological vigilance system design. As a result, strategies and/or control mechanisms will be obtained for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders presented in the company. http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Especialización

El proyecto está orientado hacia el diseño de programa de intervención para la gestión de riesgo mecánico en la compañía Rectificadora de Motores Romero G S.A.S ,buscando obtener un programa que le permita a la compañía la toma de decisiones frente a los riesgos que se pueden presentar en las áreas operativas, así evitando accidentes laborales y generando conciencia a los trabajadores que deben manejar las máquinas a las cuales se exponen en su labor diaria, para esto se realizará una intervención a la compañía, donde se revisará el estado actual de la documentación y su afinidad con la normatividad que le aplica, las condiciones de trabajo y el estado de las máquinas, para con esto determinar los riesgos mecánicos a los cuales se está expuesto y determinar el cómo mitigar las afectaciones a la salud que podrían materializarse, al finalizar el programa mencionado se realizara la entrega física y digital a la compañía quien decidirá si aplica la intervención realizada. This project is oriented towards the design of an intervention program for the management of mechanical risk in the company Rectificadora de Motores Romero G SAS, seeking to obtain a program that allows the company to make decisions regarding the risks that may arise in operating areas, thus avoiding workplace accidents and raising awareness among workers who must handle the machines to which they are exposed in their day-to-day work, for this a visit will be made to the company, where the current status will be reviewed with respect to the documentation and regulations that it has, additionally the jobs and the state of the machines will be evaluated and thus be able to determine which exposures are being presented and how to mitigate the accidents that could occur, at the end of the aforementioned program, it will be carried out the physical and digital delivery to the company who will decide whether to apply the intervention carried out. http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Especialización

Introducción: Se considera como accidente de trabajo un «suceso súbito, inesperado y no deseado que puede causar un daño al trabajador». Los accidentes laborales son un importante problema de salud pública y su frecuencia está en aumento. Los profesionales de la salud se aproximan físicamente al paciente en el momento de la atención y se exponen a factores de riesgos ocupacionales clasificados como: físicos, biológicos, químicos, ergonómicos y psicosociales, y a la transmisión de enfermedades infectocontagiosas. Objetivo: Caracterizar los accidentes ocupacionales en los cooperantes de la misión médica cubana en Cabimas, Venezuela, período 2016-2017. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en cooperantes de la misión médica cubana en Cabimas, Venezuela, período 2016-2017. El universo fue el total de cooperantes (93) y la muestra quedó constituida por los 33 que sufrieron alguna lesión. Las variables estudiadas fueron la edad, sexo, perfil de trabajo, tipos de lesión, causas de accidentes y su reporte. Los resultados fueron expresados en medidas de resumen y distribución de frecuencia relativa y absoluta. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo de 31 a 40 años. Los trabajadores de servicios quirúrgicos fueron los más afectados, seguidos de los estomatólogos. Las heridas punzantes afectaron a un tercio de los cooperantes. Las principales causas de accidentes fueron la manipulación inadecuada de objetos corto-punzantes y no uso de medios de protección. La mayoría de los afectados no reportaron el accidente. Conclusiones: Se observa una tendencia al incremento de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas antiguas y otras nuevas. Se hace necesario cumplir con los protocolos de protección para evitar adquirir enfermedades trasmisibles y accidentes ocupacionales. Introduction: Work accident is considered a «sudden, unexpected and unwanted event that can cause harm to the worker». Work accidents are a major public health problem and their frequency is increasing. Health professionals physically approach the patient at the time of patient care and are exposed to occupational risk factors classified as: physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial and also to the transmission of infectious diseases. Objective: To characterize the international aid worker according to age and sex, work profile, types of injury, causes of accidents, and their report. Material and method: A descriptive study was carried out on aid workers of the Cuban medical mission in Cabimas, Venezuela, period 2016-2017. The universe was a total of 93 cooperators and the sample was the 33 who suffered any injury. The results were expressed in summary measures and relative and absolute frequency distribution. Results: The female sex and the 31 to 40 age group predominated. Surgical service workers were the most affected, followed by stomatologists. Puncture wounds affected a third of the aid workers. The main causes of accidents were the improper handling of sharp-pointed objects and the non-use of means of protection. Most of those affected did not report the accident. Conclusions: There is a trend towards an increase in old and new infectious diseases. It is necessary to comply with the protection protocols to avoid acquiring communicable diseases and suffering occupational accidents.

The main purpose of occupational health and safety is to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases, and scientific and legal studies conducted all over the world are in line with this purpose. Controlling the risks and hazards arising from the work done is the most important factor for the prevention of occupational accidents. It should be known what the near misses are, which is the biggest indicator in the prevention of occupational accidents and the investigation of their potential to occur. Studies on “near miss” are insufficient in the occupational health and safety literature. For this reason, the aim of the study is to examine the origins and definitions of the terms "near, miss, near miss, accident, work accident, major accident, majör nearmiss, incident" and at what stage the semiological and etymological relationship between the terms has started to be used in terms of occupational health and safety. to present it clearly. The Turkish origins of the examined terms were taken from the Etymology Turkish and Turkish Language Association Dictionary, and their English origins were taken from the Online Etymology Dictionary. After revealing the relations of the terms with each other, these terms are used in the field of occupational health and safety, and the term "near miss" forms the basis of the literature, and the terms in the scientific studies in this field are revealed. As a result of the study, the meaning of the term near miss in occupational health and safety has emerged more clearly., İş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin en temel amacı iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarını önlemek olup tüm dünyada yapılan bilimsel ve hukuki çalışmalar bu amaç doğrultusundadır. Yapılan işe bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan risk ve tehlikelerin kontrol altına alınması iş kazalarının önlenmesi için en büyük unsurdur. İş kazalarının önlenmesi ve gerçekleşebilme potansiyellerinin araştırılmasındaki en büyük gösterge olan ramak kala olayların ne olduğu bilinmelidir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği literatürü içerisinde “ramak kala” terimi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada amaç, “ramak, kalan, ramak kala, kaza, iş kazası, büyük kaza, büyük ramak kala, olay” terimlerinin kökenleri ve tanımları ile incelenerek terimler arasındaki semiyolojik ve etimolojik ilişkinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından hangi aşamada kullanılmaya başlandığını net şekilde ortaya koyabilmektir. İncelenen terimlerin Türkçe kökenleri Etimoloji Türkçe ve Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü’nden, İngilizce kökenleri ise Online Etymology Dictionary’den alınmıştır. Terimlerin birbiri ile ilişkileri ortaya konulduktan sonra iş sağlığı ve güvenliği alanında bu terimlerin kullanılarak “ramak kala” teriminin literatürün temelini oluşturduğu bu alanda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalardaki terimler ile ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinde yer alan ramak kala teriminin anlamı daha net ortaya çıkmıştır.

The elbow is the second most frequently dislocated major joint in adults. Elbow dislocation is a common traumatic injury, occurring in approximately 20% of all joint dislocations. Falling onto an outstretched hand is the most prevalent cause of elbow dislocation. Simultaneous bilateral elbow dislocation is a rare presentation, and reports of similar injuries are very limited. A 21-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department after landing on both hands with flexed elbows from a height of one meter while doing home decoration work. The posterolateral dislocations was detected in both elbows without a fracture on the plain radiographs. The patient's elbows were reduced under procedural sedation analgesia in the emergency department. The patient's splints were removed in the orthopedics outpatient clinic after a 2-week follow-up, and he had no complications. It should be noted that serious bilateral dislocations can occur even in minor traumas like this. Procedural sedation not only prevents the delay of the procedure and the occurrence of complications, especially during the treatment of such multiple dislocations, but also increases patient comfort.

Developing technology and production needs are increasing the need for the machinery metal production sector. On the lathe machine, is one of the most widely used machines in metal production sector, work accidents and serious occupational diseases occur every year. In order to prevent this, it has become a necessity to create an occupational safety culture in general. In order to prevent the existing hazards and possible accidents in small and large enterprises in the sector, it is necessary to identify them first and to make an effective risk assessment in order to offer solutions. When making a risk assessment, it becomes clear that the risk arising from a hazard in any machine cannot be ignored, that all dangerous situations should be revealed in detail and necessary solutions should be proposed accordingly. In this study, the existing hazards and risks in terms of occupational health and safety of universal and CNC lathes used in a university laboratory were revealed, risk assessment was carried out with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method and risk priority numbers were calculated. While 6 important risks and 4 fundamental risks were determined for the universal lathe, 1 possible risk, 5 important risks and 1 essential risk were determined for the CNC lathe. According to these results, corrective actions were determined to prevent hazards and solution suggestions were presented. We think that this study will make positive contributions to occupational health and safety in the use of lathes, which are both in manufacturing workshops and used for educational purposes in laboratories., Gelişen teknoloji ve üretim ihtiyacı makine metal üretim sektörüne olan ihtiyacı giderek arttırmaktadır. Makine metal üretim sektöründe en çok kullanılan tezgahlardan biri olan torna tezgahında, her yıl ciddi yaralanmalı iş kazaları ve kullanıma bağlı olarak meslek hastalıkları meydana gelmektedir. Bunu önleyebilmek için genel anlamda bir iş güvenliği kültürü oluşturmak gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Sektördeki küçük ve büyük işletmelerde mevcut tehlikeleri ve meydana gelebilecek kazaları önlemek adına öncelikle bunların tespit edilmesi ve çözüm önerileri getirebilmek için de risk değerlendirmesinin etkin bir biçimde yapılması gerekmektedir. Risk değerlendirmesi yaparken herhangi bir makinede mevcut olan bir tehlikeden kaynaklanan riskin yok sayılamayacağı, tehlikeli bütün durumların ayrıntılı bir şekilde ortaya çıkarılıp, gerekli çözüm önerilerinin getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir üniversite laboratuvarında kullanılmakta olan universal ve CNC torna tezgahlarının iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından mevcut tehlike ve riskleri ortaya konulmuş, Hata Modu ve Etkileri Analizi (FMEA) yöntemi ile risk değerlendirmesi yapılarak risk öncelik sayıları hesaplanmıştır. Universal torna tezgahı için 6 önemli risk ve 4 esaslı risk tespit edilirken, CNC torna tezgahında 1 olası risk, 5 önemli risk ve 1 esaslı risk tespit edilmiştir. Çıkan bu sonuçlara göre, tehlikelerin önlenmesi için düzeltici faaliyetler belirlenmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Yapılan bu çalışma ile, hem imalat yapan atölyelerde bulunan, hem de laboratuvarlarda eğitim amaçlı kullanılan torna tezgahlarının kullanımında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından olumlu katkılar sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.

The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence and characteristics of occupational accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing workers at a clinic hospital. This is an exploratory research, with a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design, carried out in a university clinic hospital in Minas Gerais from 2008 to 2009. For data collection, an anonymous and self-administered instrument was developed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and association statistics. Of the 322 professionals studied, 79 suffered accidents involving biological material, and nursing technicians (72.15%) were the most exposed, the main contaminating agent was blood (77.21%) during venipuncture procedures (35.4%) and the highest prevalence of accidents was observed in the afternoon shift. The high prevalence of work-related accidents with biological material in the nursing team was related to the long daily work hours, the overconfidence shown by the more experienced professionals and the non-adherence to biosafety standards. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la ocurrencia y las características de los accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico entre trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital clínico. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, con abordaje cuantitativo y diseño transversal, realizada en un hospital clínico universitario de Minas Gerais entre 2008 y 2009. Para la recolección de datos se desarrolló un instrumento anónimo y autoadministrado. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y de asociación. De los 322 profesionales estudiados, 79 sufrieron accidentes con material biológico, siendo los técnicos de enfermería (72,15%) los más expuestos, el principal contaminante fue la sangre (77,21%) durante los procedimientos de venopunción (35,4%) y se observó la mayor prevalencia de accidentes en el turno de la tarde. La alta prevalencia de accidentes de trabajo con material biológico en el equipo de enfermería estuvo relacionada con las largas jornadas de trabajo diarias, el exceso de confianza mostrado por los profesionales con más experiencia y la falta de adhesión a las normas de bioseguridad. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a ocorrência e as características dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico entre trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital de clínicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa e delineamento transversal realizado em um hospital de clínicas universitário de Minas Gerais no período de 2008 a 2009. Para a coleta dos dados, foi elaborado um instrumento anônimo e autoaplicável. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e de associação. Dos 322 profissionais estudados, 79 sofreram acidentes envolvendo material biológico, sendo os técnicos de enfermagem (72,15%) os mais expostos, principal agente contaminante foi o sangue (77,21%) durante procedimentos de punção venosa (35,4%) e a maior prevalência dos acidentes foi observada no turno vespertino. A alta prevalência de acidentes de trabalho com material biológico na equipe de enfermagem, relacionou-se com as longas jornadas de trabalho diário, com o excesso de confiança apresentado pelos profissionais mais experientes e com a não adesão às normas de biossegurança.

Resumen Objetivo: describir la percepción de calidad de vida de las personas que han sufrido amputación por un accidente laboral. Metodología: investigación cualitativa con la aplicación de entrevista semiestructurada de 10 preguntas abiertas a seis trabajadores que sufrieron un accidente laboral que terminó en amputación. La información fue recolectada, analizada y clasificada de forma manual en categorías emergentes. Resultados: los participantes son de sexo masculino, de 34 y 52 años de edad, su domicilio son los municipios del eje cafetero y norte del valle, el estado civil es 5 casados y 1 separado, el nivel educativo 2 en primaria, 3 con secundaria y 1 técnico profesional. Todos afiliados al sistema de salud. Los segmentos corporales amputados son: 3 amputados del Miembro Superior, los otros tres amputados del Miembro Inferior. Conclusiones: su calidad de vida según las capacidades funcionales humanas centrales definidas por Nussbaum reflejan que posterior al siniestro fue afectada en la pérdida seguridad y confianza en sí mismos, impidiendo las actividades de tipo social. Su condición actual los limita en mejorar sus ingresos por su condición de discapacidad. El dolor crónico y la desadaptación protésica son comunes. Al igual que el uso de aditamentos y las dificultades en el traslado. Es evidente el fortalecimiento de la red de apoyo familiar primaria, sin embargo, al finalizar su rehabilitación hay desinterés en actividades sociales. Los participantes tienen proyectos a futuro concretos que involucran su familia. Finalmente, su proceso de rehabilitación se limitó a lo básico y no contaron con otro tipo de apoyo. Abstract Objective: to describe the perception of quality of life of people who have suffered amputation due to a work accident. Methodology: qualitative research with the application of a 10 open questions semi-structured interview to six workers who had suffered an occupational accident that ended in amputation. The information was collected, analyzed and classified manually in emerging categories. Results: the participants are 34 and 52 years old males from the municipalities of the coffee triangle area and north of the Department of Valle del Cauca. Their marital status is 5 married and 1 separated, their educational level is 2 primary school, 3 secondary school and 1 professional technician. All of them are affiliated to the health system. The body segments amputated are: 3 upper limb amputees and 3 lower limb amputees. Conclusions: their quality of life, according to the central human functional capacities defined by Nussbaum, reflects that after the accident they were affected by the loss of security and self-confidence, preventing social activities. Their current condition limits them from improving their income due to their disabling condition. Chronic pain and prosthetic maladjustment are common, as well as the use of accessories and the difficulties to move. The strengthening of the primary family support network is evident but, at the end of their rehabilitation, there is a lack of interest in social activities. Participants have concrete future projects that involve their family. Finally, their rehabilitation process was limited to the basics and they did not have any other type of support. Resumo Objetivo: descrever a percepção da qualidade de vida das pessoas que têm sofrido amputação por um acidente laboral. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativo com a aplicação de entrevista semiestruturadas de 10 perguntas abertas a seis trabalhadores que sofreram um acidente laboral (trabalho) que acabou em amputação. A informação foi coletada, analisada e classificada de forma manual em categorias emergentes. Resultados: os participantes são de sexo masculino, de 34 e 52 anos de idade, seu domicílio são os municípios do eixo Cafeeiro e norte do departamento do Valle (Colômbia), o estado civil é 5 casados e 1 separado, o nível educativo 2 no ensino primário, 3 com ensino médio e 1 técnico profissional. Todos cadastrados no sistema de saúde. Os segmentos corpóreos amputados são: 3 amputados do Membro Superior, os outros três amputados do Membro Inferior. Conclusões: De acordo com a lista das capacidades humanas de Nussbaum evidencia-se que, após do sinistro, a qualidade de vida das pessoas amputadas foi afetada na perda de segurança e de confiança dos indivíduos em si mesmos, o qual os impede de realizarem atividades de tipo social. Sua condição atual de deficiência limita sua capacidade de melhorar seus ingressos, sendo a dor crónica e a desadaptação protésica fatores comuns, junto com o uso de aditamentos e as dificuldades na locomoção. É evidente o fortalecimento da rede de apoio familiar primária; entretanto, ao finalizar sua reabilitação há desinteresse em atividades sociais. Os participantes têm projetos concretos envolvendo sua família. Finalmente, seu processo de reabilitação se limitou a uma atenção básica e não contaram com outro tipo de apoio.

The rescuer’s safety is the first and most important step in initiating any rescue, care, first aid action. Only a rescuer in optimal physical and mental shape can ensure the maximum chances of rescuing a victim, while an injured rescuer represents a new victim who will share the rescue resources with the victim(s) or will cancel any chance of rescue either for the initial victim as well as for himself. Rescuers must be able to perform resuscitation maneuvers and rescue operations anytime and anywhere. The safety of the savior is not always entirely his responsibility.

Kecelakaan kerja merupakan suatu kejadian yang tidak terduga saat kapan akan terjadi dengan banyaknya penyebab yang dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan kerja adalah unsafe action (tindakan kerja tidak aman). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara faktor unsafe action dengan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja proyek konstruksi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan rancang bangun penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 179 responden, namun dilakukan metode sampel secara random sampling dengan (α=0,05) sebanyak 122 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan. Variable independent yaitu unsafe action (membuang sampah sembarangan, tidak menggunakan APD, melewati batas aman, tidak mematuhi aturan, melewati batas berat angkat beban, duduk di area yag berbahaya, meletakkan barang sembarangan, bekerja sambil bergurau, kurang pengetahuan, emosi tidak stabil, perilaku tidak baik, posisi yang dipaksakan, kurangnya istirahat, pengoperasian alat tanpa izin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor duduk dan berdiri di area yang berbahaya merupakan faktor yang memiliki risiko bahaya tinggi terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dengan persentase 64,8% dan memiliki adanya hubungan antara faktor berdiri di area yang berbahaya terhadap kecelakaan kerja. Disarankan pada perusahaan untuk terus meminimalisir penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan pada kondisi lingkungan kerja.

Risk assessment is an essential component of the occupational health and safety event prevention activity.The purpose of this study is to choose the most appropriate risk assessment method for hospitals. The main methods were compared. There are many assessment methods, each with its advantages and disadvantages, but none has been adapted to the specificities of hospital activity. We adapted the workplace assessment sheet from the INCDPM (National Research and Development Institute for Labor Protection Bucharest) method to the specific of the hospital units and used this method at the level of jobs, within the hospital’s departments, calculating the global risk level per job position, workplace (department), and hospital. The clinical departments global risk level exceeds the average (3.00) for all jobs, but does not exceed, however, 3.50, representing an acceptable security level. For assess the psychosocial risks we used the ELVIE method. Looking ahead, the methods should be adapted to allow both numerical presentation of the results and graphic.

Öz: Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Vuhan kentinde başlayan yeni koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) kısa sürede küresel bir salgına dönüşmüştür. Çalışma alanında bu salgına yakalanan çalışanların sosyal güvenlik açısından sahip olacakları haklar, hastalığın iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı olarak tanımlanıp tanımlanmayacağına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. COVID-19’un iş kazası mı, meslek hastalığı mı yoksa normal hastalık olarak mı tanımlanacağı belirsizdir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak iş kazası ve meslek hastalıkları arasındaki farklar incelenmiştir. Sonrasında COVID-19’un iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı nitelikleri konusunda Türkiye’deki ve dünyadaki görüşler araştırılmıştır. Yapılan iş ile COVID-19 arasında doğrudan bir ilişki bulunan, maruziyet riski yüksek işlerde çalışanların COVID-19’a yakalanmasının meslek hastalığı niteliğinde olacağı ancak diğer çalışanların COVID-19’a yakalanmalarının iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı niteliğinde olmayacağı görüşü tercih edilen görüş olarak sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın son bölümünde COVID-19’a yakalanan çalışanların SGK’dan (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu) alabilecekleri parasal yardımlar belirtilmiştir. Yazarın bilgisine göre bu çalışma; iş kazası ve meslek hastalığının farklarını tartışarak çalışma alanında COVID-19’a yakalanmanın iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı niteliğini araştıran ve COVID-19 sonrası çalışanların sosyal güvenlik haklarını inceleyen ülkemizdeki ilk çalışmadır. Abstract: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019, rapidly became a global epidemic. In terms of social security, the rights of workers who was infected in the work field, depend on whether the disease is identified as a work accident or an occupational disease. It is uncertain whether COVID-19 to be identified as work accident, occupational disease or normal disease. In this study, firstly, the differences between work accidents and occupational diseases are examined. Afterwards, the concepts in Turkey and in the world about identifying COVID-19 as work accident or occupational disease were investigated. It is suggested that, the case for infected employees, whose duties directly related with COVID-19 and who work at high risk of exposure to COVID-19, should be identified as an occupational disease. However, in the case for other employees, COVID-19 should not be identified as a work accident or occupational disease. In the last part of the study, financial supports of SGK (Social Security Institution in Turkey) for COVID-19 infected employees are specified. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey to investigate the differences of work accident and occupational disease in order to identify infection of COVID-19 in work environment and the social security rights of employees after COVID-19 infection.

RESUMEN Los trabajadores informales que puedan presentar accidentes de trabajo y que por derecho requieran acceder a las prestaciones que ofrece el sistema, deberán superar las barreras que fueron identificadas en dos momentos. El primero está determinado por el proceso de afiliación voluntaria al sistema, en tanto los requisitos exigidos no están pensados desde la realidad de este tipo de trabaja- dores. El segundo momento se presenta cuando el trabajador informal se afilia bajo una figura que no le corresponde. Si se presenta un accidente, la dificultad radicaría en demostrar el nexo causal del hecho dañoso con la actividad laboral, pues la equívoca normatividad frente a la definición de accidente de trabajo descrita por la Ley 1562 del 2012 vincula el accidente de trabajo con una relación de subordinación. Desde la reflexión jurídica nace la intención de evidenciar las dificultades que presentan los trabajadores informales para afiliarse voluntariamente, así como revelar las barreras para el acceso a las prestaciones asistenciales y económicas en caso de presentarse un accidente de trabajo. ABSTRACT Informal workers that might have a work accident and require access to the benefits offered by the system must overcome the barriers identified during two moments. The first one is determined by the process of voluntary affiliation to the system given that the requirements are not thought from the reality of this kind of worker. The second moment presents itself when the informal worker is affiliated under the wrong figure. If an accident takes place the difficulty would reside in demonstrating the causal nexus of the harmful fact with the work activity, since the ambiguous definition of a work accident given by the 1562 Law of 2012 links the work accident with a subordinate relation. From the judicial reflection point of view is that the intention of making evident the difficulties faced by the informal workers for voluntarily affiliating comes from, as well as revealing the barriers for accessing the welfare and economic benefits in case of a work accident. RESUMO Os trabalhadores informais que se acidentarem no trabalho e que, por direito, precisarem ter acesso ao auxílio-acidente que o sistema geral de riscos trabalhistas da Colômbia oferece deverão ultrapassar as barreiras que foram identificadas em dois momentos. O primeiro está determinado pelo processo de afiliação voluntária ao sistema, devido a que os requisitos não estão pensados para a realidade desse trabalhador. O segundo momento é apresentado quando o trabalhador informal se afilia sob uma figura que não lhe corresponde. Se um acidente acontecer, a dificuldade estaria em demonstrar o nexo causal do fato danoso com a atividade trabalhista, pois a equívoca regulação sobre a definição de acidente de trabalho descrita na Lei 1.562 de 2012 vincula este a uma relação de subordinação. Com base na reflexão jurídica, nasce a intenção de evidenciar as dificuldades que os trabalhadores informais apresentam para a afiliação voluntária, bem como revelar as barreiras para ter acesso às prestações assistenciais e econômicas em caso de ser apresentado um acidente de trabalho.

En este trabajo de investigación se explora la situación laboral en la que se encuentran los prestadores de servicio de las aplicaciones tecnológicas como Rappi y Uber Eats. A través de este artículo se demostrará que estas personas no cuentan con las garantías laborales que de por sí le corresponden. De igual manera, se demostrará la importancia de que estos prestadores de servicios estén vinculados al Sistema de Seguridad Social en caso de que sufran alguna contingencia en horas laborales ya que, como se evidenciara, ellos están expuestos a diferentes riesgos por el hecho de cumplir con su trabajo. This research work explores the employment situation in which service providers of technological applications such as Rappi and Uber Eats find themselves. Through this article it will be shown that these people do not have the labor guarantees that correspond to them. In the same way, the importance of these service providers being linked to the Social Security System will be demonstrated in the event that they suffer any contingency during working hours since, as will be evidenced, they are exposed to different risks due to the fact of complying with his work. Abogado Pregrado

The aim of this study is to calculate the visible and invisible costs of work accidents and occupational diseases in the Forest Products Industry Sector that occurred in Turkey between 2011 and 2020 and to reveal the factors affecting the costs statistically. The data of the study were obtained from the website of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. In order to calculate the cost of work accidents and occupational diseases in the forest products industry sector to the country's economy, the method of multiplying the incapacity times by the average daily worker earnings was used. According to the results obtained, a total of 3309 occupational accidents occurred in this sector between 2011 and 2020, and a total of 73 workers lost their lives due to these accidents. Again in the same period, only 1 employee got an occupational disease, and this did not result in death. As a result of the calculations, the apparent cost of work accidents and occupational diseases in the forest products industry sector to the country's economy has reached a total of 147.014.518.5 TL. As a result of the regression analysis, Number of Permanent Incapacity for Work made the biggest impact on this cost, while the second place was the deaths resulting from work accidents. The variable that has the least effect on the cost is Temporary Incapacity Duration (Days) (Ambulatory) - Days in the Hospital (Inpatient). The data were analyzed with the SPSS package program., Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de 2011 – 2020 yılları arasında meydana gelen Orman Ürünleri Sanayi Sektöründeki iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının görünür ve görünmeyen maliyetlerinin hesaplanması ve maliyetleri etkileyen faktörlerin istatistiksel olarak ortaya konmasıdır. Çalışmaya ait veriler Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı’nın internet sitesinden elde edilmiştir. Orman ürünleri sanayi sektöründeki iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının ülke ekonomisine maliyeti hesaplamak için iş göremezlik süreleri ile ortalama günlük işçi kazancının çarpılması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bu sektörde 2011–2020 yılları arasında toplam 3309 iş kazası meydana gelmiş olup, bu kazalardan dolayı toplam 73 işçi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Yine aynı dönemde sadece 1 çalışan meslek hastalığına yakalanmış ve bu ölümle sonuçlanmamıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda Orman ürünleri sanayi sektöründeki iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının ülke ekonomisine görünür maliyeti toplam 147.014.518.5 TL’ye ulaşmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucu bu maliyete en büyük etkiyi Sürekli İş Görmezlik Sayısı yaparken, ikinci sırada ise İş kazası sonucunda meydana gelen ölümler etkilemiştir. Maliyete en az etkisi olan değişken ise Geçici İş göremezlik Süresi (Gün) (Ayaktan) - Hastanede Geçen Günler (Yatarak) dir. Veriler SPSS paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir.

La prestación excepcional por incapacidad temporal que el legislador ha reconocido en situaciones de contagio o aislamiento por COVID-19 se asimila a accidente de trabajo solamente a los efectos del reconocimiento de esta prestación en el sistema de seguridad social, pero no sirve para obtener la mejora convencional prevista en el convenio colectivo si la IT trae por causa el accidente de trabajo. The exceptional benefit for temporary disability that the legislator has recognized in situations of contagion or isolation by COVID-19 is assimilated to a work accident only for the purposes of recognizing this benefit in the social security system, but it does not serve to obtain the improvement conventional provided for in the collective agreement if the IT is caused by the work accident.

In this study, the number of lost working days and gender of the occupational accidents occurring in the enterprises with the codes "05 - Coal and Lignite Extraction", "07 - Metal Ore Mining", "08 - Other Mining and Quarrying" and "09 - Mining Supporting Services", which constitute the mining sector in Turkey, Surveillance analysis was performed considering risk factors. Within the scope of the study, the studies carried out within the scope of the standard named Z16.1-1967 used in the mining industry by the United States National Standards Institute (ANSI) were adapted to our country. Between 2012 and 2020, a total of 1,210,926 insured workers were employed in 60,852 workplaces registered with the Social Security Institution (SSI), and it was observed that 11,214 male and 547 female employees were affected in occupational accidents. It was found that insured male employees who had an accident had a total of 1,496,268 days of incapacity, and 5,959 days of incapacity for female insured employees. It has been calculated that for one female insured work accident, 205 male insured work accidents occur and when male insured workers have a work accident, they lose an average of 268.72 days of work compared to female insured workers. Sub-sectors where occupational accidents and lost labor are experienced the most are analyzed one by one on an annual basis, and the measures that can be taken in the prevention of occupational accidents are suggested., Bu çalışmada Türkiye madencilik sektörünü oluşturan “05 - Kömür ve Linyit Çıkartılması”, “07 - Metal Cevheri Madenciliği”, “08 - Diğer Madencilik ve Taşocakçılığı” ve “09 - Madenciliği Destekleyici Hizmetler” kodlu işletmelerde meydana gelen iş kazalarının kayıp iş günü ve cinsiyet risk faktörleri göz önünde bulundurularak sürveyans analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Amerika Birleşik Devleti Ulusal Standartlar Enstitüsü (ANSI) tarafından madencilik sektöründe kullanılan Z16.1-1967 isimli standart kapsamında yapılan çalışmalar ülkemize uyarlanmıştır. 2012-2020 yılları arasında Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu (SGK)’na kayıtlı toplam 60.852 işyerinde toplam 1.210.926 adet sigortalı işçi çalıştırılarak, yaşanan iş kazalarında 11.214’sini erkek, 547’sinin ise kadın çalışanın etkilendiği görülmüştür. Kaza geçiren sigortalı erkek çalışanların toplam 1.496.268 gün, sigortalı kadın çalışanların ise 5.959 gün iş görmezlik süresi geçirdiği bulunmuştur. Bir kadın sigortalı iş kazasına karşılık 205 adet erkek sigortalı iş kazası meydana geldiği ve erkek sigortalıların iş kazası geçirdiklerinde kadın sigortalılara oranla ortalama 268,72 günlük iş kaybına uğradıklarını hesaplanmıştır. İş kazasının ve kayıp iş gücünün en çok yaşandığı alt sektörler yıllık olarak tek tek analiz edilerek ortaya çıkan sonuçlar ile iş kazalarının önlenmesinde alınabilecek olan önlemler önerilmiştir.

Background Occupational accidents continue to be a significant public health challenge worldwide. Construction workers in particular are at high risk of occupational accidents, and thus it is of major importance to identify possible predictors of occupational accidents among construction workers. We aimed to investigate the association between self-reported work pace and physical work demands and occupational accidents among ageing male construction workers in Denmark. Methods Data on perceived work pace, physical work demands, and occupational accidents was acquired from questionnaires sent to ageing construction workers in Denmark in 2016 as part of the ALFA project (ALdring og Fysisk Arbejde; Ageing and Physical Work). A sample of 1270 Danish male construction workers above 50 years of age was included in the present study. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for age, smoking, body mass index, musculoskeletal disorders, occupation, work experience, and support at work. Results Of 1270 construction workers, 166 (13.1%) reported an occupational accident within the last 12 months. There was no significant association between perceived work pace and occupational accidents, but physical work demands were associated with higher odds for occupational accidents, with an odds ratio of 2.27 (95% confidence interval 1.26–4.10) for medium physical work demands and 2.62 (95% confidence interval 1.50–4.57) for high physical work demands. Conclusions Ageing male construction workers with high physical work demands had statistically significant higher odds of having an occupational accident. By contrast, perceived work pace was not associated with occupational accidents in this large cross-sectional study.

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 afecta a muchos trabajadores y a sus familias, lo que hace necesario un procedimiento de calificación de origen que responda a los aspectos clínicos de la enfermedad, así como los aspectos jurídicos relativos a la calificación del origen. Para lo anterior, este artículo propone un acercamiento al problema luego de identificar varias ocupaciones de riesgo, en especial, aquellas del sector salud. Quienes laboran en este último ámbito han sido incluidos como beneficiarios del concepto de enfermedad laboral directa, sin requerir una calificación para acceder a las prestaciones del sistema general de riesgos laborales. También, es posible determinar la infección por COVID-19 como consecuencia de un accidente de trabajo biológico, siendo necesario documentar un evento súbito debidamente reportado a la ARL. Finalmente, existen unas responsabilidades claramente determinadas para todos los actores, incluyendo empleadores, IPS, EPS y ARL. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic affects many workers and their families, which makes necessary an origin qualification procedure that responds to clinical aspects of the disease, as well as the legal aspects related to the qualification of origin. Hence, this article proposes an approach to the problem after identifying many occupations of risk, especially those in the health sector. Those who work in this last area, have been included as beneficiaries of the direct occupational disease concept without requiring a categorization to access the benefits of the occupational risk general system. It is also possible to determine the COVID-19 infection because of a biological work accident, being necessary to document a sudden event duly reported to the ARL. Finally, there are a clearly defined liabilities stated for everybody involved including employers, IPS, EPS, and ARL (respectively: Institutional Health Service Provider, Health Care Provider, and Labor Risk Administration, all for their acronym in Spanish)

Qualified persons in the field of occupational risks Abstract Qualified persons in the field of occupational risks are persons dealing with different levels of risk, different extent and type of risks. In this set is not only the person for health and safety, but there are other qualified persons as well. For example, a qualified person who provides and performs the ccupational health services, a qualified person for fire protection, a construction safety coordinator, as well as an inspection technician of dedicated technical equipment, etc. A key qualified person in occupational risk and health and safety prevention is a person who assist employers in occupational risk prevention by managing risk identification, providing risk assesments, identification of source and risks causes and incidents. This person takes care about risk factors on worplaces such as microclima, chemical and biological hazards, noise, ergonomy and many others risks and continuosly advises employers of identificated risk on workplaces. He leads as a expert in health and safety, but not responsible, for applying right and effective principles of work safety and accident prevention and provide high qualified consultating job for employers. As well as is need to be noticed that employers has a legal obligation to have minimum one these...

La finalidad del desarrollo del presente proyecto de investigación, es formular una propuesta de diseño del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST) en la empresa ELKIN M CONSTRUCCIONES S.A.S, cumpliendo con la normativa nacional vigente con el fin de adquirir un compromiso social frente al cuidado de la vida de los trabajadores y de mejorar los procesos productivos. Para ello se tomaron en cuenta aspectos a aplicar como realizar un diagnóstico de la situación actual aplicando la autoevaluación a la empresa ELKIN M CONSTRUCCIONES S.A.S. mediante el Decreto 1072 de 2015 y la resolución 0312 de 2019 para generar el punto de partida del diseño del SG-ST, seguidamente, generar una búsqueda de información en fuentes confiables a nivel internacional y nacional, relacionados con la temática de estudio, posterior a ello, diseñar el SG-SST para la empresa ELKIN M CONSTRUCCIONES S.A.S. de acuerdo con los estándares mínimos establecidos por Resolución 0312 del 2019 en el Sistema de Garantía de Calidad del Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales. Resumen Abstract Introducción 2.Planteamiento y formulación del problema 2.1. Descripción del problema 2.2. Alcance 2.3. Formulación del problema 3. Objetivos 3.1. Objetivo general 3.2. Objetivos específicos 4. Justificación y delimitaciones 4.1. Justificación 4.2. Delimitación 4.3. Limitaciones 5. Marcos de referencia 5.1. Estado del arte 5.2. Marco teórico 5.3. Marco legal 6. Marco metodológico de la investigación 6.1. Recolección de la información 7. Resultados o propuesta de solución 7.1. Diagnóstico 7.2. Investigación 7.3. Análisis de resultados 7.4. Realización de la propuesta 8. Análisis financiero 9. Conclusiones y recomendaciones 9.1. Conclusiones 9.2. Recomendaciones Referencias Anexos Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

Ακόμα και σήμερα τα ατυχήματα που σχετίζονται με την εργασία παραμένουν σε απαράδεκτα υψηλά επίπεδα, για τον λόγο αυτόν στην παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρείται μια διεξοδική ανάλυση του νομικού πλαισίου που τα διέπει, έχοντας στόχο να αποτελέσει αρωγό στο δύσκολο έργο του κάθε συλλειτουργού της δικαιοσύνης, να προστατέψει και να υπερασπιστεί επαρκώς τα δικαιώματα του παθόντος εργαζομένου και της οικογένειάς του, στην περίπτωση που επέλθει το ατυχές συμβάν. Αρχικά, στην παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρείται η ανάλυση της έννοιας του εργατικου ατυχήματος, δηλαδή αναλύονται διεξοδικά οι συγκεκριμένες προϋποθέσεις που θα πρέπει να πληροί ένα ατύχημα για να χαρακτηριστεί ως εργατικό, με ειδική μνεία και στις ψυχικές παθήσεις. Στην συνέχεια, εξετάζονται λεπτομερώς τα ειδικά νομοθετήματα, με βάση τα οποία ο παθών εργαζόμενος μπορεί να αξιώσει την αποκατάσταση της περιουσιακής του ζημίας από το εργατικό ατύχημα, τόσο από τον εργοδότη του κατά το ν. 551/1915, όσο από τα Ταμεία Κοινωνικής Ασφάλισης, κατά τον α.ν. 1846/1951. Βεβαία, όπως επισημαίνεται στην παρούσα μελέτη, σε ελάχιστες πλέον περιπτώσεις ο παθών εργαζόμενος δικαιούται να ζητήσει την αποκατάσταση της περιουσιακής του ζημίας από τον εργοδότη του, ιδιαίτερα μετά την ενοποίηση των ασφαλιστικών ταμείων υπό την σκέπη του ΕΦΚΑ. Bαρύνουσα σημασία στην αντιμετώπιση των συνεπειών ενός εργατικού ατυχήματος αποδίδεται σήμερα στην κοινωνική ασφάλιση. Οι ασφαλιστικές παροχές όμως, δεν επαρκούν τις περισσότερες φορές για την κάλυψη των πραγματικών αναγκών που δημιουργεί το εργατικό ατύχημα στον παθόντα εργαζόμενο και την οικογένεια του. Η μόνη οδός λοιπόν, προκειμένου ο παθών εργαζόμενος να αμβλύνει τις δυσβάσταχτες συνέπειες, που μπορεί να προκληθούν από ένα εργατικο ατυχήμα, είναι μέσω της διεκδίκησης χρηματικής αποζημίωσης από τον εργοδότη του για την αποκατάσταση της μη περιουσιακής του ζημίας, δηλαδή για την αποκατάσταση της ηθικής του βλάβης ή της ψυχικής οδύνης των συγγενών του. Μάλιστα, η αξία της αποζημίωσης αυτής, ουκ ολίγες φορές, καταλήγει να είναι η υψηλότερη και σημαντικότερη από όλες τις υπόλοιπες παροχές που μπορεί να λάβει ο εργαζόμενος εξ εργατικού ατυχήματος και για τον λόγο αυτόν στην παρούσα μελέτη δίδεται ιδιαίτερη βάση και επιχειρείται μια εις βάθος και εξαιρετικά εκτενής αναφορά στο νομικό πλαίσιο που διέπει τη διεκδίκηση της χρηματικής αποζημίωσης του παθόντος εργαζομένου για την αποκατάσταση της ηθικής του βλάβης , καθώς και της ψυχικής οδύνης των συγγενών του (932 ΑΚ). Επιπλέον, επειδή συχνά τυγχάνει στην πράξη ένα εργατικό ατύχημα να αποτελεί ταυτόχρονα και τροχαίο, στην παρούσα μελέτη πραγματοποιείται συσχετισμός μεταξύ των νομικών διατάξεων που διέπουν τα εργατικά και τα τροχαία ατυχήματα, με ειδική αναφορά στον τρόπο λειτουργίας της ασφαλιστικής σύμβασης του ζημιογόνου αυτοκινήτου σε μια τέτοια περίπτωση. Ακόμη, στην παρούσα μελέτη αναλύονται και ζητήματα δικονομικού χαρακτήρα, αλλά και ζητήματα εφαρμοστέου δικαίου για την περίπτωση εργατικού ατυχήματος με στοιχεία αλλοδαπότητας. Τέλος, όσον αφορά τη μεθοδολογία της παρούσας μελέτης, να σημειωθεί πως η παρούσα μελέτη διαθέτει πλούσιες βιβλιογραφικές και κυρίως νομολογιακές παραπομπές, έχοντας λάβει υπόψιν τις πιο σύγχρονες αποφάσεις των δικαστηρίων της Χώρας μας., Even nowadays, work-related accidents remain at unacceptable high levels, on account of that, this study attempts a thorough analysis of the legal framework that regulates the work accidents, with the aim of helping the difficult task of every agent of justice, to protect and adequately defend the rights of the victim worker and his family in case of an unfortunate work- incident. First of all, in the present study, it is attempted an analysis of the meaning of a work accident, namely in this study are analyzed in depth. the specific conditions that an accident must meet to be classified as a work accident , with special reference to mental illnesses. Then, it is examined thoroughly the specific legislation , based on which the victim can claim the compensation of his material damage due to the work accident, both from his employer according to law 551/1915 or from the Social Security Funds. , according to mandatory law 1846/1951. Although, as it is highlighted in the present study, in very few cases the victim has today the right to request compensation for his material damage from his employer, after the consolidation of the Social Security Funds under the umbrella of a Single Body of Social Security (named EFKA). Major importance of dealing with the consequences of a work accident is nowadays attributed to social security. Insurance benefits, however, are often not enough to cover the real needs caused by a work-accident for the injured worker and his family. The only way, for the suffering employee to relieve the unbearable consequences that a work accident may cause, is through claiming monetary compensation from his employer, to repair his non material damage, namely to restore his moral damage or the mental anguish of his relatives. In fact, the value of this compensation, most of the times, ends up being the highest and most important of all the other compensations that the victim worker can receive from a work accident and for this reason, in the present study, it is attempted an in depth analysis and an extremely extensive reference to the legal framework governing the claim for monetary compensation of the suffering employee for the restoration of his moral damage, as well as of the mental anguish of his relatives. (932 C.C). In addition, because it is frequent in real life, that a work accident can also be at the same and a car accident, in the present study it is made a correlation between the legal provisions governing work and car accidents, with specific reference to the operation of the insurance contract of the damaging car in such a case. Moreover, the present study analyzes issues of procedural matters, but also issues of applicable law in case of a work-accident with evidence of foreignness. Finally, regarding the methodology that the present study followed, it should be noted that the the present study has rich bibliographic and mainly case law references, having taken into account the most recent judgements of the Courts of our Country.

La presente investigación tiene como título “Diseño del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la empresa Mauricio Sánchez Arquitectos S.A., de acuerdo con la resolución 0312 del año 2019”, el motivo de la realización es por la búsqueda de la disminución de riesgos y peligros encontramos en la empresa estudiada, con el fin de mitigar y/o anular las posibles enfermedades, fracturas, caídas que se presentan en las empresas, por otra parte la población estudiada es de personal que tienen nivel de riesgo 5, en otras palabras tiene alta probabilidad de sufrir lesiones o enfermedades. Tabla de contenido 1. Título de la investigación 9 2. Problema de investigación 9 2.1. Descripción del problema 9 2.2. Formulación del problema 12 3. Objetivos 12 3.1. Objetivo general 12 3.2. Objetivos específicos 12 4. Justificación y delimitación 13 4.1. Justificación 13 4.2. Delimitación 17 4.3. Limitaciones 17 5. Marco de Referencia 18 5.1. Estado del arte 18 5.2. Marco teórico 25 5.3. Marco legal 46 6. Marco metodológico de la investigación 49 6.1. Paradigma 49 6.2. Método de investigación 50 6.3. Tipo de investigación 50 6.4. Fases 51 6.5. Instrumentos de recolección de información 52 6.6. Población 52 6.7. Materiales 53 6.8. Técnicas 53 6.9. Procedimientos 53 6.10. Análisis de la información 54 6.11. Cronograma de actividades 55 7. Resultados y/o propuesta de solución 55 7.1. Análisis e interpretación de resultados 55 7.2. Discusión 64 7.3. Propuesta de solución 66 7 8. Análisis financiero Costo- Beneficio 67 9. Conclusiones y recomendaciones 68 9.1. Conclusiones 68 9.2. Recomendaciones 69 10. Referencias 70 11. Anexos Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

La seguridad y salud en el trabajo es un elemento clave en la buena gestión de cualquier organización y se diseñan con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones de trabajo, el medio y la calidad de vida de los trabajadores, la compañía TRUJILLO ALVAREZ INGENIERIA S.A.S busca en su diseño de su Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo SG-SST la eficiencia, la protección del trabajador, aumentar su valor en el mercado, cumplir con la normativa vigente y potenciar su competitividad con otras compañías del sector de la construcción 1. Titulo 2. Problema de investigación 2.1 Descripción del problema 2.2. Formulación del problema 3. Objetivos 3.1. Objetivo general3.2. Objetivos específicos. 4. Justificación y delimitación 4.1 Justificación 4.2 Delimitación 4.3 Limitaciones 5. Marcos referenciales 5.1. Estado del arte 5.2. Marco teórico 5.3. Marco legal 6. Marco metodológico de la investigación 6.1. Paradigma de la investigación 6.2. Método 6.3. Tipos de investigación 6.4. Fases 6.5. Instrumentos 6.6. Fuentes de información 6.7. Cronograma 6.8 Población y muestra 6.9. Análisis de la información 7.Resultados 7.1 Fase 1 Evaluación inicial TAING SAS 7.2. Fase 2. identificación de peligros 7.3 Fase 3 Matriz Legal 7.4. Discusión 8. Análisis financiero 9. Conclusiones y recomendaciones 9.1 Conclusiones 9.2 Recomendaciones 10. Referencias . Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

A las personas que desempeñan sus funciones a través de la modalidad del teletrabajo, en muchas ocasiones les resulta difícil demostrar algunas situaciones que se presentan con este, como por ejemplo, que el trabajo se extiende más allá del límite del horario aplicable, así como un aumento de la carga de trabajo, un incidente o accidente ocurrido en el momento que se estaba teletrabajando, es por ello que resulta de especial interés el tema de los medios probatorios en el accidente de trabajo derivado del teletrabajo. De acuerdo con la mayoría de las leyes y convenios colectivos nacionales relativos a la SST, el empleador es responsable de la protección de la salud y la seguridad en el trabajo de los trabajadores, lo cual suele aplicarse también al teletrabajo. Los empleadores tienen las mismas responsabilidades en materia de salud y seguridad para los teletrabajadores a domicilio que para cualquier otro trabajador de la organización. Estas incluyen la identificación y la gestión de los riesgos laborales de los teletrabajadores. Es necesario recalcar, que el teletrabajo está consagrado en la Ley 1221 de 2008, la cual estipula las normas para promover y regular la modalidad del teletrabajo. Con esta ley, podemos entender que mientras el trabajador preste sus servicios bien sea en teletrabajo o en trabajo en casa, el empleador debe cumplir con su obligación de pagar los aportes a riesgos laborales con el fin, no solo de atender, sino también de prevenir y proteger a los trabajadores de las enfermedades y accidentes que puedan ocurrirles con ocasión o como consecuencia del trabajo que desarrollan. De hecho, si el trabajador llega a sufrir un accidente, la administradora de riesgos laborales (ARL) es la responsable de garantizar las prestaciones asistenciales y económicas que se puedan derivar de dicho accidente.

İş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin en temel amacı iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarını önlemek olup tüm dünyada yapılan bilimsel ve hukuki çalışmalar bu amaç doğrultusundadır. Yapılan işe bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan risk ve tehlikelerin kontrol altına alınması iş kazalarının önlenmesi için en büyük unsurdur. İş kazalarının önlenmesi ve gerçekleşebilme potansiyellerinin araştırılmasındaki en büyük gösterge olan ramak kala olayların ne olduğu bilinmelidir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği literatürü içerisinde “ramak kala” terimi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada amaç, “ramak, kalan, ramak kala, kaza, iş kazası, büyük kaza, büyük ramak kala, olay” terimlerinin kökenleri ve tanımları ile incelenerek terimler arasındaki semiyolojik ve etimolojik ilişkinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından hangi aşamada kullanılmaya başlandığını net şekilde ortaya koyabilmektir. İncelenen terimlerin Türkçe kökenleri Etimoloji Türkçe ve Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü’nden, İngilizce kökenleri ise Online Etymology Dictionary’den alınmıştır. Terimlerin birbiri ile ilişkileri ortaya konulduktan sonra iş sağlığı ve güvenliği alanında bu terimlerin kullanılarak “ramak kala” teriminin literatürün temelini oluşturduğu bu alanda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalardaki terimler ile ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinde yer alan ramak kala teriminin anlamı daha net ortaya çıkmıştır., The main purpose of occupational health and safety is to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases, and scientific and legal studies conducted all over the world are in line with this purpose. Controlling the risks and hazards arising from the work done is the most important factor for the prevention of occupational accidents. It should be known what the near misses are, which is the biggest indicator in the prevention of occupational accidents and the investigation of their potential to occur. Studies on “near miss” are insufficient in the occupational health and safety literature. For this reason, the aim of the study is to examine the origins and definitions of the terms "near, miss, near miss, accident, work accident, major accident, majör nearmiss, incident" and at what stage the semiological and etymological relationship between the terms has started to be used in terms of occupational health and safety. to present it clearly. The Turkish origins of the examined terms were taken from the Etymology Turkish and Turkish Language Association Dictionary, and their English origins were taken from the Online Etymology Dictionary. After revealing the relations of the terms with each other, these terms are used in the field of occupational health and safety, and the term "near miss" forms the basis of the literature, and the terms in the scientific studies in this field are revealed. As a result of the study, the meaning of the term near miss in occupational health and safety has emerged more clearly.

En la presente investigación se encontrará el concepto del (SB), o Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional (SDP). Dicho concepto nos permitirá realizar una investigación de aplicación a profesionales de la salud de la IPS REYVELT MEDINA ESPECIALIZADA SAS, este estudio de se desarrolla con el fin, de dar a conocer a la entidad promotora de salud, la creación y aplicación de políticas de prevención y promoción, elaborando normas ajustadas a las políticas de los entes gubernamentales en el ámbito laboral y asistencial. 1. Resumen Palabras Claves 2. Problema De Investigación 2.1 Descripción del problema 2.2 Formulación Del Problema 3. Objetivos 3.1 Objetivo general 3.2 Objetivos específicos. 4. Justificación y Delimitación 4.1 Justificación 4.3 Limitaciones 5. Marco De Referencia 5.1 Estado Del Arte 5.2 Marco Teórico 5.2.1 Fases Del SB 5.2.2 Factores predisponentes 5.2.2.1 Factor laboral 5.2.2.2 Factor individuales 5.2.2.3 Relaciones interpersonales 5.2.2.4 Naturaleza de la tarea 5.2.3 Factores de riesgo epidemiologia 5.2.4 Clasificación de las exigencias laborales 5.2.5 Reseña histórica y definiciones según diferentes autores del término del SB 5.2.6 Síntomas del burnout 5.2.7 Consecuencias del burnout 5.2.8 Causas del “Burnout” según la OMS 5.2.9 Clasificación de los síntomas del SB según (Golembiewski y Muzenrider, 1989 5.2.10 El MBI 5.3 Marco legal 6. Diseño metodológico de la investigación 6.1 Participantes 6.2 Criterios de inclusión 6.3 Instrumentos de recolección de datos. 7. Consideraciones éticas 8. Cronograma De Ejecución 8.1 Etapa inicial 8.2 Etapa de implementación 8.3 Etapa de análisis de datos 8.4 Etapa final, 8.5 Análisis De La Información 9. Resultados 9.1 Perfil socio - demográfico de la muestra 9.1.1 Participación 9.1.2 Distribución de profesión 9.1.3 Genero 9.1.4 Edades 9.2 Resultados del cuestionario MBI. 9.3 Representación gráfica de la subescala MBI según la tabla la distribución de riesgos 9.3.1 Despersonalización general 9.3.1.1 Despersonalización por profesiones 9.3.1.2 Despersonalización por edades 9.3.2 Agotamiento emocional general 9.3.2.1 Agotamiento emocional por profesión 9.3.2.2 Agotamiento emocional por edades 9.3.3 Realización como persona general 9.3.3.1 Realización como persona por profesiones 9.3.3.2 Realización como persona por edades 10. Conclusiones 11. Recomendaciones plan de mejora 11.1 Área Médica 11.2 Área auxiliares de enfermería 11.3 Área de operarios 11.4 Área administrativa 12. Plan estratégico de prevención, promoción e intervención 13. Indicadores 14. Hipótesis 15. Referencias bibliográficas 16. Anexos Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

Las consecuencias de la demanda de trabajo pueden llevar mucho tiempo inmersas dentro de la organización tanto que se pueden ver como efectos que van de la mano con el puesto de trabajo o la realización de la tarea, la intención con la realización de nuestra propuesta es primero observar cuales son las consecuencias, que ha traído la realización de esta tarea la conducción en conductores que llevan varios años ejerciendo esta labor, dentro de la organización. Luego que se observó las consecuencias que ha traído se trabajó las actividades, capacitaciones que traerá nuestro programa que buscará la manera de traerle bienestar y productividad a la organización con la posible implementación de nuestra propuesta Agradecimientos 5 Introducción 6 Resumen 7 1. Título 8 2. Problema de Investigación 8 2.1. Descripción del Problema 8 2.2. Formulación del Problema 10 3. Objetivos 10 3.1. Objetivo General 10 3.2. Objetivos Específicos 10 4. Justificación 11 5. Marcos de Referencia 12 5.1. Estado del arte 12 5.2. Marco Teórico 29 5.3. Marco Legal 30 6. Marco Metodológico 33 6.1. Paradigma 33 6.2. Método 34 6.3. Tipo de investigación 34 6.4. Fases 34 6.5. Instrumentos 35 6.6. Muestra 35 Actividades previstas para el desarrollo del trabajo 35 7. Resultados 35 8. Análisis costo beneficio 38 9. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones 39 9.1. Conclusiones: 39 9.2. Recomendaciones: 39 10. Anexos 40 11. Referencias 41 El método empírico de analítico es el que se aplicó y mejor se acomoda para nuestro trabajo de investigación. Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

El presente trabajo de investigación busca identificar los peligros y valorar los riesgos laborales a los cuales se encuentran expuestos los trabajadores de una Asociación dedicada al reciclaje, a través de la elaboración de una matriz aplicando la metodología de la Guía Técnica Colombiana GTC 45:2012 Dedicatoria y Agradecimientos 8 Introducción 9 Resumen 10 Palabras Clave: Matriz, peligros, riesgos, recicladores, GTC45:2012 11 Problema de Investigación 11 Descripción del Problema 11 Formulación del problema 13 Objetivos de la Investigación 13 Objetivo general 13 Objetivos específicos 14 Justificación y Delimitación 14 Justificación 14 Delimitación de la investigación 16 Limitaciones 16 Marco Referencial 17 Estado del arte 17 Marco teórico 24 Generalidades de la identificación de peligros y la valoración de los riesgos. 25 Actividades para identificar los peligros y valorar los riesgos. 26 Valorar el riesgo. 27 Medidas de intervención 32 Marco Legal 33 Marco Metodológico de la Investigación 35 Paradigma 35 Fases del Estudio 37 Recolección de Información. 38 Población y Muestra. 39 Población. 39 Análisis de la Información. 40 Propuesta de Solución. 40 Resultados 41 Análisis e Interpretación de Resultados 41 Identificación de Procesos, Actividades y lugar de ejecución. 67 Identificación de Peligros 68 Efectos Posibles 79 Controles Existentes 81 Valoración del Riesgo 82 Discusión 105 Análisis Financiero (Costo-Beneficio) 108 Conclusiones 110 Recomendaciones 112 Referencias 113 Anexos 117 Especialización Especialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist der ArbeitnehmerInnenschutz auf Baustellen. Das Ziel besteht darin aufzuzeigen, wo und wie ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzbestimmungen auf Baustellen gesetzlich geregelt sind, sowie die möglichen Haftungen im Falle eines Arbeitsunfalls ausfallen können. Diese Arbeit soll zeigen, wie wichtig die Sicherheit und der Gesundheitsschutz der Arbeitnehmer ist. Außerdem soll deutlich gemacht werden, welche Folge eine Verletzung der Bestimmungen mit sich zieht. Zuerst werden die Inhalte von ausgewählten Gesetze und Verordnungen, die den ArbeitnehmerInnenschutz auf Baustellen regeln, dargelegt. Danach folgen die unterschiedlichen Haftungen, die bei einem Arbeitsunfall vorkommen. Als letztes werden Fallbeispiele aus der Praxis analysiert, die vorkommenden Haftungen erklärt und ihre Prävention erläutert. Bei den in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Personenbezeichnungen, gilt die gewählte Form für beide Geschlechter. The topic of this work is the protection of workers on construction sites. The aim is to show where and how employee protection regulations on construction sites are regulated by law, and how the possible liability in the event of an accident at work can be. This work should show how important the safety and health protection of employees is. In addition, it should be made clear, what consequences a violation of the regulations entails. First, the content of selected laws and regulations that regulate employee protection on construction sites are presented. This is followed by the different types of liabilities that arise in the event of an accident at work. Finally, practical case studies are analysed, the existing liabilities are described and their prevention is explained. For the personal names used in this work, the chosen form applies to both genders.