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Fragestellung: Die pädiatrischen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen (U-Untersuchungen) stellen in der medizinischen Begleitung der Entwicklung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen eine feste Größe dar. Eine fachspezifische orthopädische Vorsorgeuntersuchung ist bisher nicht etabliert und soll deshalb [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

This article enriches the existing literature on the importance and role of the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in renewable energy sources research by providing a novel approach to instigating the future research agenda in this field. Employing a series of in-depth interviews, deliberative focus group workshops and a systematic horizon scanning process, which utilised the expert knowledge of 85 researchers from the field with diverse disciplinary backgrounds and expertise, the paper develops a set of 100 priority questions for future research within SSH scholarship on renewable energy sources. These questions were aggregated into four main directions: (i) deep transformations and connections to the broader economic system (i.e. radical ways of (re) arranging socio-technical, political and economic relations), (ii) cultural and geographical diversity (i.e. contextual cultural, historical, political and socio-economic factors influencing citizen support for energy transitions), (iii) complexifying energy governance (i.e. understanding energy systems from a systems dynamics perspective) and (iv) shifting from instrumental acceptance to value-based objectives (i.e. public support for energy transitions as a normative notion linked to trust-building and citizen engagement). While this agenda is not intended to be—and cannot be—exhaustive or exclusive, we argue that it advances the understanding of SSH research on renewable energy sources and may have important value in the prioritisation of SSH themes needed to enrich dialogues between policymakers, funding institutions and researchers. SSH scholarship should not be treated as instrumental to other research on renewable energy but as intrinsic and of the same hierarchical importance.

This report presents 100 research questions that have been identified by scientific experts as key priorities for Social Science and Humanities (SSH) research on renewables, in order to inform and support EU-funded research and innovation leading to achieve climate-neutrality by 2050. The questions together aim: To promote SSH research that contributes to better understanding the meaning and conditions of just transitions to renewables-based energy systems, by recognising the social conditions and consequences of using and further implementing renewable energy technologies. These 100 priority questions are grouped into the following 11 themes. Note that the order of these themes does not indicate a ranking of themes and that overlaps may exist between the themes. 1. Transformative governance Questions address the aspects of guiding and navigating the fundamental changes from the existing fossil-dominated energy regime to a renewables- based energy system. 2. Culture, imaginaries, narratives Questions explore various cultural aspects of a transition towards a renewables-based energy system, such as the role of socio-technical imaginaries, learning and media discourses. 3. Social acceptance Questions address the factors shaping social acceptance for different renewable energy technologies and emphasise aspects of trust-building and citizen empowerment. 4. Energy democracy Questions consider aspects of democratising the energy system, relating to the potential of energy initiatives and structural conditions to foster transparency and participation. 5. Energy justice Questions deal with justice, equity and societal inclusion in the context of energy systems, addressing the facets of a fair transition process to renewables-based energy systems. 6. Financial and organisational structure Questions address the financial mechanisms, as well as the organisational conditions and dynamics, that influence the transition to a renewables-based energy system. 7. Socio-ecological effects Questions critically touch upon the impacts of socio-technical change towards a renewables- based energy system on ecosystems, biodiversity and landscapes. 8. Renewables policy Questions focus on public policy design, implementation and evaluation and look for evidence guiding multi-level policy-processes and decision-making on renewable energy. 9. Renewables system design and integration across sectors Questions focus on specific features of renewables system design and the integration of socio-technical configurations, as well as policies, across sectors and implementation contexts. 10. Geography of renewables Questions relate to the geographical differences of emerging energy transitions and address aspects related to localities of renewable energy systems in different contexts. 11. Power dynamics & conflicts Questions reflect the role of power dynamics and conflicts within energy transitions towards renewables, and also consider power relations between different types of actors. All 100 presented research questions were identified using a Horizon Scanning exercise, conducted between August 2019 – October 2020. We identified 30 SSH renewable energy experts from across Europe, encompassing diverse SSH disciplines, interdisciplinary experiences, genders, geographies, research interests and career stages, and involved them in a Working Group. The horizon scan surveys of this Group, and further affiliated experts (85 respondents in total), generated a list of 280 research questions. After an initial editing process, 279 revised questions were presented to the Working Group in a second survey, in order to be ranked according to their research priorities. The results of this second survey were discussed and reviewed during two virtual workshops among the Working Group members. This deliberative process led to creating a final list of 100 priority questions for SSH research on renewables, organised in 11 themes. This list is not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive, instead it aims towards opening up new perspectives for further discussions between policymakers, funders and researchers on how SSH evidence on renewables can best support transitions towards climate-neutrality and towards more just and equal societies.

International audience; The multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A clone is responsible for sepsis in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Here, to retrace the spread of this clone and to identify drivers of its specific success, we investigated a representative collection of 250 S. capitis isolates from adults and newborns. Bayesian analyses confirmed the spread of the NRCS-A clone and enabled us to date its emergence in the late 1960s and its expansion during the 1980s, coinciding with the establishment of NICUs and the increasing use of vancomycin in these units, respectively. This dynamic was accompanied by the acquisition of mutations in antimicrobial resistance- and bacteriocin-encoding genes. Furthermore, combined statistical tools and a genome-wide association study convergently point to vancomycin resistance as a major driver of NRCS-A success. We also identified another S. capitis subclade (alpha clade) that emerged independently, showing parallel evolution towards NICU specialization and non-susceptibility to vancomycin, indicating convergent evolution in NICU-associated pathogens. These findings illustrate how the broad use of antibiotics can repeatedly lead initially commensal drug-susceptible bacteria to evolve into multidrug-resistant clones that are able to successfully spread worldwide and become pathogenic for highly vulnerable patients.

Die Avulsionsverletzungen des jugendlichen Sportlers werden in der taglichen Praxis nicht immer zeitgerecht diagnostiziert und einheitlich therapiert. Durch Aufarbeitung aktueller Literatur und Einbringung der eigenen Erfahrung werden die diagnostischen Zusammenhange und die geeigneten Therapieverfahren gewichtet und auf die Bedurfnisse der jugendlichen Sportler ausgerichtet. Die Apophysenausrisse der Huftregion im Jugendalter werden in die Region des Beckens und proximalen Femurs getrennt. Sie werden in Einklang mit der gangigen aktuellen Literatur nach Haufigkeit und Bedeutung erlautert. Die Therapievorschlage orientieren sich an Dislokationsgrad und Sportniveau. Die Haufigkeiten der Avulsionsverletzungen des Beckens verteilen sich in absteigender Reihung auf den Abriss des Tuber ischiadicum, die Spina iliaca anterior inferior, die Spina iliaca anterior superior und den Beckenkamm. Am proximalen Femur ist am haufigsten der Trochanter minor und selten der Trochanter major betroffen. Der Ausloser der Verletzung ist jeweils eine sehr spezifische typische akute Anspannung der an der jeweiligen Apophyse inserierenden Muskulatur in unterschiedlichen Sportarten. Die Therapie am Becken ist nur bei Leistungssportlern und grober Dislokation operativ, am Femur praktisch immer konservativ. Trotz moderner und effizienter Osteosynthesemethoden bleibt die Avulsionsverletzung der Apophysen der Huftregion die Domane der konservativen Therapie, auch beim Sportler. Durch konsequente Diagnostik und Therapie kann die Entstehung von Pseudarthrosen und heterotopen Ossifikationen reduziert werden.

Fragestellung: Die Therapie nicht dislozierter Condylus radialis humeri Frakturen ist konservativ. Problematisch ist jedoch, dass nativradiologisch nicht zwischen einer stabilen und instabilen nicht dislozierten Fraktur zu unterscheiden ist. Ein pragmatischer Ansatz ist es, den Ellenbogen 5 Tage nach[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2018)

Die Patellaluxation ist ein haufiges Ereignis im Kindes- und Jugendalter und kommt als traumatische, rezidivierende, habituelle und chronische Form vor. Es gibt eine Reihe luxationsbegunstigender anatomischer Faktoren. Die Therapie der traumatischen Erstluxation ist generell konservativ. Nur bei Vorliegen osteochondraler Fragmente oder sehr schweren Weichteilverletzungen kommt eine primare operative Behandlung in Frage. Fur die rezidivierende, habituelle und chronische Luxation sind operative Therapiemasnahmen uberlegen. Es kommt die Versetzung des M. vastus medialis, die Rekonstruktion des Lig. patellofemorale mediale, die Doppelung des medialen Retinakulums in Kombination mit einem lateralen Release und Zugelungen der Patella oder Versetzungen des Ansatzes des Lig. patellae zum Einsatz. Ein anderer Ansatz ist die Verbesserung des femoropatellaren Gleitlagers durch die Trochleaplastik. Alle Langzeitergebnisse, v. a. die mit knochernen Eingriffen am Patellarsehnenansatz oder der Trochlea, weisen gute Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Verhinderung weiterer Luxationsereignisse aber mittelmasige im Hinblick auf die Entstehung einer Femoropatellargelenkarthrose auf.

A slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) is the most common disease of the hip among adolescents. In the light of our current knowledge on the development of coxarthrosis, it represents a first line model case that has led to a series of novel ideas in the therapy for SUFE. The development of coxarthrosis from a cam impingement, i.e., the loss of offset of the neck of the femur and degenerative damage to the acetabular lip as its early form, is seen again in the clinical picture of slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Depending on the degree of slippage, we see a varying severity of the loss of offset and thus also different extents of the potential damage to the hip joint. This knowledge is by no means new. The questions of reorientation of the epiphysis of the humeral head and thus restoration of the anatomy of the coxal end of the femur have been addressed by renowned surgeons and answered with the development of widely varying procedures for surgical correction. However, within the framework of the surgical techniques introduced for treatment of impingement syndromes of the hip, these therapeutic options have been supplemented and broadened. The current discussion about the best therapeutic strategies emphasizes the fascination of the clinical entity of upper femoral epiphysis and constitutes a central component of this article.

Objectives: Treating chronic neglected Monteggia lesions still is a challenging problem. Open reduction and anular ligament reconstruction may cause scarring and joint stiffness. In addition an ulnar deformity may persist as well as a radial overgrowth can be noted, requiring an ulnar lengthening and[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2015)

Introduction: The human calcium-binding protein S100A12 is a granulocyte-specific pro-inflammatory danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that can be detected at high levels in serum of patients with auto-inflammatory conditions and sepsis. However, S100A12 might also be retained in neutrophil[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 43. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh); 29. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh); 25. wissenschaftliche Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

Understanding the genetic architecture of adaptive traits has been at the centre of modern evolutionary biology since Fisher; however, evaluating how the genetic architecture of ecologically important traits influences their diversification has been hampered by the scarcity of empirical data. Now, high-throughput genomics facilitates the detailed exploration of variation in the genome-to-phenotype map among closely related taxa. Here, we investigate the evolution of wing pattern diversity in Heliconius, a clade of neotropical butterflies that have undergone an adaptive radiation for wing-pattern mimicry and are influenced by distinct selection regimes. Using crosses between natural wing-pattern variants, we used genome-wide restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) genotyping, traditional linkage mapping and multivariate image analysis to study the evolution of the architecture of adaptive variation in two closely related species: Heliconius hecale and H. ismenius. We implemented a new morphometric procedure for the analysis of whole-wing pattern variation, which allows visualising spatial heatmaps of genotype-to-phenotype association for each quantitative trait locus separately. We used the H. melpomene reference genome to fine-map variation for each major wing-patterning region uncovered, evaluated the role of candidate genes and compared genetic architectures across the genus. Our results show that, although the loci responding to mimicry selection are highly conserved between species, their effect size and phenotypic action vary throughout the clade. Multilocus architecture is ancestral and maintained across species under directional selection, whereas the single-locus (supergene) inheritance controlling polymorphism in H. numata appears to have evolved only once. Nevertheless, the conservatism in the wing-patterning toolkit found throughout the genus does not appear to constrain phenotypic evolution towards local adaptive optima.Heredity advance online publication, 25 March 2015; doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.22.

Fragestellung: Unter metachronen Osteosarkomen versteht man das Auftreten eines oder mehrerer Osteosarkome nach Abschluss der Therapie des Primärtumors und in Abwesenheit von Lungenmetastasen. Dies ist ein sehr seltenes Phänomen. Es ist noch unklar, ob diese Läsionen multiple Primärtumore[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Süddeutscher Kongress für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; 63. Jahrestagung der Süddeutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin gemeinsam mit der Süddeutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie und dem Berufsverband der Kinder- und Jugendärzte e.V. – Landesverband Baden-Württemberg

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In the last few years carbon nanotubes (CNT) attract more and more attention due to their interesting physical properties especially in the field of micro electronics. Synthesis of CNTs with tailored properties is still a critical point, especially for their applications as interconnects. The growth of CNT by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an established synthesis route and it was used in this study. In-situ X-ray diffraction experiments during growth conditions are performed at the beamline BM20 at the ESRF operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf using a high temperature annealing chamber suitable for reactive gases. Acetylene was used as carbon precursor for the CVD of CNT. Different catalyst systems were studied. For iron nano-particles acting as CNT catalyst, there is still a debate which species can be catalytically active: metallic iron and/or iron carbide. The formation of the metal nano-particles by dewetting and respective crystallisation of the initial thin film was followed by X-Ray reflectivity (XRR) and diffraction (XRD) measurements. We proved that CNT growth can occur without the presence of Fe3C. In general two reaction pathways denoted by a high and low (or zero) iron carbide concentration were observed. Which route the growth follows depends in a statistical way on the ratio of different iron phases (α- and γ-Fe) present in the nano-particles. This can be influenced also by the reaction conditions like temperature and kind of the buffer layer supporting the catalyst film. One challenge is to grow CNT on a conducting support without scarifying the CNT yield and structural quality of the grown CNTs. Using a Co-buffer layer in-between Si-support and Fe-catalyst leads to the formation of conductive CoSi2 via CoSi by subsequent silicidation during the growth process. Herby a high yield of CNT was obtained. CoSi2 support is more promising than Ta support, but we used Ta as model system to explain all possible interactions, all occurring phases during processing by side reactions were recorded. Notable CNT yield triggered by high catalytic activity of iron at low temperatures ~550C was observed. This study shows that in-situ diffraction experiments are a powerful tool to investigate catalytic reactions. The understandings of these processes are the basis of tailoring future materials.

LTE ist die Grundlage für die längerfristige Weiterentwicklung des Mobilfunks. Anhand des LTE-Advanced Testbetts am Berliner Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institut werden im Artikel Einblicke gegeben, wie Innovationen im Mobilfunk heute stattfinden: Von der Theorie, über eine erste Erprobung im Feld, in den nähsten Standard. Lösungen sind unter anderem Mehrnutzer-MIMO, kooperative Basisstationen, Relays und skalierbare Videocodierung. Für den Rundfunk ist es interessant, dass LTE auf der vorhandenen Infrastruktur installiert wird. Technisch wäre es leicht, von da aus auch Fernsehen oder Rundfunk abzustrahlen. Mit geringen Kosten könnte man eine sehr gute Flächendeckung und Mobilität erreichen. Wertvolle Frequenzen würden dadurch effizienter nutzbar, und das schafft Platz unter anderem für die Kommunikation zwischen Autos, Sensoren und Maschinen.

We present experimental results on a dispersive scheme for reading out a Josephson phase qubit. A capacitively shunted dc-SQUID is used as a nonlinear resonator which is inductively coupled to the qubit. We detect the flux state of the qubit by measuring the amplitude and phase of a microwave pulse reflected from the SQUID resonator. By this low-dissipative method, we reduce the qubit state measurement time down to 25 microseconds, which is much faster than using the conventional readout performed by switching the SQUID to its non-zero dc voltage state. The demonstrated readout scheme allows for reading out multiple qubits using a single microwave line by employing frequency-division multiplexing., 4 pages, 4 figures

Problem: The Monteggia fracture is not a very rare paediatric injury. Reports in the literature concerning the functional outcome after operative and conservative treatment are different. In this retrospective clinical study we present clinical and radiological long-term results of 63 patients [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie; 73. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, 95. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, 50. Tagung des Berufsverbandes der Fachärzte für Orthopädie

Fragestellung: Möglichkeiten und Komplikationen dieses neu entwickelten Implantates bei Prävention und Stabilisierung von Frakturen sowie Achskorrektur der langen Röhrenknochen. Methodik: Bei 18 Pat. wurden 21 Femora und 9 Tibiae mit dem Fassier-Duval-Nagel stabilisiert, der ein antegrades[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie; 73. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, 95. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, 50. Tagung des Berufsverbandes der Fachärzte für Orthopädie

Fragestellung: Die Hüftarthroskpie ist im Vergleich zum Erwachsenenalter eine im Kindesalter noch wenig etablierte diagnostische und therapeutische Methode. Wir berichten über unsere Erfahrungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen 3 und 18 Jahren. Methodik: Zwischen 1.1.08 und 30.11.08[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie; 73. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, 95. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, 50. Tagung des Berufsverbandes der Fachärzte für Orthopädie

Fragestellung: Die Versorgung dislozierter Radiushalsfrakturen ist schwierig und macht oftmals eine komplikationsträchtige Gelenkeröffnung unumgänglich. Mittels klinischer und radiologischer Untersuchung sollen die Effizienz sowie die Vor- und Nachteile der intramedullären Stabilisierung[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie; 73. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, 95. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, 50. Tagung des Berufsverbandes der Fachärzte für Orthopädie

Imaging ToF-SIMS has been applied to characterize the surface chemistry variations across small areas produced by a DBD-type plasma printing technique on a BOPP substrate using pure nitrogen and a nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture. CH4N+ and CNO- secondary ions are detected with high yields remote from the discharge region. They are discussed to be due to surface modifications of the substrate by metastable gas-phase species. On the other hand, surface species exist that are preferentially formed by reactions of the substrate with short-lived species which are only present close to the plasma discharge region. A C3H8O+ secondary fragment ion is assumed to be a key such a surface species.

BACKGROUND: This phase 3 trial compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, an oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa, with those of enoxaparin for extended thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 4541 patients to receive either 10 mg of oral rivaroxaban once daily, beginning after surgery, or 40 mg of enoxaparin subcutaneously once daily, beginning the evening before surgery, plus a placebo tablet or injection. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of deep-vein thrombosis (either symptomatic or detected by bilateral venography if the patient was asymptomatic), nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from any cause at 36 days (range, 30 to 42). The main secondary efficacy outcome was major venous thromboembolism (proximal deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from venous thromboembolism). The primary safety outcome was major bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 3153 patients were included in the superiority analysis (after 1388 exclusions), and 4433 were included in the safety analysis (after 108 exclusions). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 18 of 1595 patients (1.1%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 58 of 1558 patients (3.7%) in the enoxaparin group (absolute risk reduction, 2.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 3.7; P

Today it is generally accepted that CaF2 precipitates formed after topical fluoride application play a significant role in caries prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the CaF2 deposition under in vitro and in situ fluoridation conditions using SEM / EDX. In addition, the potential of TOF-SIMS (Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) for CaF2 detection was investigated and correlated to the SEM / EDX results. A set of dental enamel samples taken from 3rd human molars was treated in vitro with amine and sodium fluoride solutions and dentifrices in i) aqua dest. and ii) saliva solution. A further set of samples iii) was carried by volunteers in intra-oral devices (in situ) for four weeks and treated with commercial amine and sodium fluoride dentifrices under normal dental hygiene conditions. All specimens treated in vitro with amine- or sodium fluoride containing solutions / dentifrices showed formation of CaF2 precipitates already after short treatment times (110 min). Precipitation of CaF2-like material with very low intensity was also indicated by SEM for some of the samples treated in situ. Clear assessment and identification as CaF2 using EDX failed due to the small precipitate size and the coverage with remnant organic films. TOF-SIMS signals of the samples treated in vitro showed a close correlation to the SEM / EDX results. Therefore, TOF-SIMS with its high sensitivity seems to be a potential method for further investigations.

Btk is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, which is mainly involved in B cell receptor signalling. Gene targeting experiments revealed that Btk is important for B cell development and function. However, Btk is not only expressed in B cells, but also in most other haematopoietic lineages except for T cells and plasma cells. Recently we found that Btk is involved in Toll-like receptor signalling. Toll-like receptors play an important role in innate immunity. They are highly expressed on mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are essential for the recognition and consequently for the elimination of microbial pathogens. Therefore Btk might play an important role for the function of immunocompetent cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity.

Single cell studies aimed at clarifying the nature and clonality of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin's disease (HD) have so far produced conflicting results. Using an improved single cell procedure, the HRS cells of 25 patients with nodular sclerosing HD lacking B- and T-cell antigens, with and without Epstein-Barr virus infection, were analyzed for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements. One patient with HD developed follicular lymphoma 2 years later. Both lymphomas originated from a common precursor identified as a germinal center B cell. The data show that all but one of the investigated cases harbored rearranged Ig genes, which were clonal in all instances and carried a high load of somatic mutations. The Ig coding capacity was preserved in 18 of the 24 cases (75%) with rearrangements. However, expression of Ig messenger RNA was not detectable in the HRS cells with the exception of Ig kappa light chain expression in some tumor cells of 1 case. The lack of Ig gene transcription in HRS cells was confirmed by analyzing the HD cell lines L428 and KM-H2 in transient transfection experiments. An Ig promoter/enhancer reporter construct showed virtually no activity in these cells compared to 5 control B-cell lines. We conclude that (1) classical HD is a B-cell lymphoma in most instances, (2) HRS cells are clonal without any exception, (3) they are derived from germinal center B-cells that (4) mostly lack crippling mutations but (5) have consistently lost their Ig gene transcription ability, due to functional defects in the Ig gene regulatory elements. (Blood. 2000;95:1443-1450)

At the performance of depth profiling by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) the intensities of optical emission lines of sample and sputter gas elements are measured in depen-dence on the time of sputtering. Radio-frequency (rf) sputtering extended the field of application to nonconducting samples includ-ing transparent layers. For transparent coatings in the thickness range up to some micrometers, oscillations of measured intensities were observed. This behavior is explained by a thin-film interfer-ence effect and discussed for three different materials, i.e., S'021 T'02, and BaTi03. As a result, a new procedure for the determi-nation of either layer thickness or refractive index from G13-OES depth profiles is presented. This effect has to be considered for quantitative GD-OES analysis as well.