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Background: Immune cell dysfunction is a central part of immune paralysis in sepsis. Granulocyte concentrate (GC) transfusions can induce tissue damage via local effects of neutrophils. The hypothesis of an extracorporeal plasma treatment with granulocytes is to show beneficial effects with fewer side effects. Clinical trials with standard GC have supported this approach. This ex vivo study investigated the functional properties of purified granulocyte preparations during the extracorporeal plasma treatment. Methods: Purified GC were stored for up to 3 days and compared with standard GC in an immune cell perfusion therapy model. The therapy consists of a plasma separation device and an extracorporeal circuit. Plasma is perfused through the tubing system with donor immune cells of the GC, and only the treated plasma is filtered for re-transfusion. The donor immune cells are retained in the extracorporeal system and discarded after treatment. Efficacy of granulocytes regarding phagocytosis, oxidative burst as well as cell viability and metabolic parameters were assessed. Results: In pGC, the metabolic surrogate parameters of cell functionality showed comparable courses even after a storage period of 72 h. In particular, glucose and oxygen consumption were lower after extended storage. The course of lactate dehydrogenase concentration yields no indication of cell impairment in the extracorporeal circulation. The cells were viable throughout the entire study period and exhibited preserved phagocytosis and oxidative burst functionality. Conclusion: The granulocytes demonstrated full functionality in the 6 h extracorporeal circuits after 3 days storage and in septic shock plasma. This is demonstrating the functionality of the system and encourages further clinical studies.

Near-memory acceleration strives to tackle the data-to-task locality issue in MPSoCs in order to obtain higher performance and lower power consumption. However, it is not easy to determine whether the advantages arise from the near-memory integration or the hardware acceleration (versus software execution). We propose X-CEL, a method to accurately estimate the potential of near-memory acceleration using an easy-to-integrate near-memory core. We showcase X-CEL’s benefits with three variants of graph copy mechanisms in a tile-based MPSoC. Evaluations reveal that the estimated speedup is in good accordance with the actual speedup achieved by the near-memory accelerator.

Der Beitrag stellt anhand von Richard Gärtner, der Hauptfigur in Ferdinand von Schirachs Theaterstück „GOTT“, einen seelsorglichen Umgang mit Alterssuizidalität dar. Seelsorgliche Haltung, Stil und Methoden umschreiben das Wie professioneller Seelsorge in sensiblen Kontexten., The contribution uses the figure of Richard Gärtner, the main character in Ferdinand von Schirach's play GOTT, which deals with how a pastor handles suicidality among older people. Its pastoral attitude, style, and methods describe the "how" of professional pastoral care in sensitive contexts.

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.

Invasive computing is a paradigm for designing and programming future parallel computing systems. For systems with 1,000 or more cores on a chip, resource-aware programming is of utmost importance to obtain high utilisation as well as computational, energy and power efficiency. Invasive computing provides a programmer explicit handles to specify and argue about resource requirements desired or required in different phases of execution: In an invade phase, an application asks the operating system to allocate a set of processor, memory and communication resources to be claimed. In a subsequent infect phase, the parallel workload is spread and executed on the obtained claim of resources. Finally, if the degree of parallelism should be lower again, a retreat operation frees the claim again, and the application resumes a sequential execution. To support this idea of self-adaptive and resource-aware programming, not only new programming concepts, languages, compilers, and operating systems were needed to be developed, but also revolutionary architectural changes in the design of MPSoCs (multiprocessor systems-on-a-chip) to efficiently support invasion, infection, and retreat operations. This book gives a comprehensive overview of all aspects of invasive computing., Invasives Rechnen ist ein Paradigma für den Entwurf und die Programmierung zukünftiger paralleler Rechensysteme. Für Systeme mit 1.000 oder mehr Kernen auf einem Chip ist eine ressourcengewahre Programmierung von größter Bedeutung, um eine hohe Auslastung sowie Rechen-, Energie- und Leistungseffizienz zu erreichen. Invasives Rechnen bietet dem Programmierer bzw. der Programmiererin explizite Möglichkeiten, die in verschiedenen Phasen der Ausführung gewünschten oder erforderlichen Ressourcenanforderungen zu spezifizieren: In einer Invasionsphase fordert eine Anwendung vom Betriebssystem eine Reihe gewünschter Prozessor-, Speicher- und Kommunikationsressourcen an. In einer anschließenden Infektionsphase wird die parallele Arbeitslast auf die bereitgestellten Ressourcen verteilt und ausgeführt. Nimmt der Grad der Parallelität während der Programmausführung ab, können die allozierten Ressourcen durch eine Rückzugsoperation wieder freigegeben werden, und die Anwendung wird wieder sequenziell ausgeführt. Um diese Idee der selbstadaptiven und ressourcengewahren Programmierung zu realisieren, mussten nicht nur neue Programmierkonzepte, Sprachen, Compiler und Betriebssysteme entwickelt werden, sondern auch revolutionäre architektonische Änderungen im Entwurf von MPSoCs (Multiprozessorsystemen auf einem Chip), um Invasions-, Infektions- und Rückzugsoperationen effizient zu unterstützen. Dieses Buch gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über alle Aspekte des invasiven Rechnens.

Hot work tool steels (HWS) are widely used for high performance components as dies and molds in hot forging processes, where extreme process-related mechanical and thermal loads limit tool life. With the functionalizing and modification of tool surfaces with tailored surfaces, a promising approach is given to provide material flow control resulting in the efficient die filling of cavities while reducing the process forces. In terms of fatigue properties, the influence of surface modifications on surface integrity is insufficiently studied. Therefore, the potential of the machining processes of high-feed milling, micromilling and grinding with regard to the implications on the fatigue strength of components made of HWS (AISI H11) hardened to 50 �� 1 HRC was investigated. For this purpose, the machined surfaces were characterized in terms of surface topography and residual stress state to determine the surface integrity. In order to analyze the resulting fatigue behavior as a result of the machining processes, a rotating bending test was performed. The fracture surfaces were investigated using fractographic analysis to define the initiation area and to identify the source of failure. The investigations showed a significant influence of the machining-induced surface integrity and, in particular, the induced residual stress state on the fatigue properties of components made of HWS., Materials;Vol. 14. 2021, 23, Art. No.7324

Aims A review was conducted on the composition, advantages and limitations of available aortic valve prototypes to create an ideal valve for percutaneous implantation. Patients Patients with multiple comorbidities who cannot withstand the risks of open cardiac surgery. Methodology The search was performed using online databases and textbooks. Articles were excluded based on specific criterion. Results Ten prototypes created between 2006 and 2019 were found and reviewed. The prototypes had a set of advantages and limitations with their characteristics coinciding at times. Conclusions The ideal percutaneously implantable aortic valve should have minimum coaptation height, zero folds in the leaflets, minimum valve height, minimum leaflet flexion and three leaflets. It can be composed of biological or synthetic material, as long as it provides minimal risk of thrombosis. However, more studies are needed to ensure other ideal parameters.

This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDPLAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to 2050 compatible with the Paris Agreement objectives and domestic development priorities in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. The first five countries analysed in detail the energy system and agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) at a high level, while Peru focussed on a detailed analysis of AFOLU given its predominance in its GHG emissions. While economy-wide results were produced, this paper focuses on the electricity, passenger transport, and AFOLU results because of their current emissions, potential to grow, and identification of successful strategies for decarbonization (e.g. switching to clean electricity and switching to other net- zero fuels across the economy; urban planning, mode shifting, and electrification in passenger transport; and intensive sustainable agriculture, assignment of land use rights and their enforcement and afforestation in AFOLU). It also highlights where significant emissions remain in 2050, notably in industry, AFOLU, freight, and oil and gas production, all areas for future research. It also derives insights for the design of domestic policy packages and identifies priorities for international cooperation. This analysis provides critical information for Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions and Global Stocktaking in the context of the Paris Agreement.

This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDPLAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to 2050 compatible with the Paris Agreement objectives and domestic development priorities in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. The first five countries analysed in detail the energy system and agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) at a high level, while Peru focussed on a detailed analysis of AFOLU given its predominance in its GHG emissions. While economy-wide results were produced, this paper focuses on the electricity, passenger transport, and AFOLU results because of their current emissions, potential to grow, and identification of successful strategies for decarbonization (e.g. switching to clean electricity and switching to other net- zero fuels across the economy; urban planning, mode shifting, and electrification in passenger transport; and intensive sustainable agriculture, assignment of land use rights and their enforcement and afforestation in AFOLU). It also highlights where significant emissions remain in 2050, notably in industry, AFOLU, freight, and oil and gas production, all areas for future research. It also derives insights for the design of domestic policy packages and identifies priorities for international cooperation. This analysis provides critical information for Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions and Global Stocktaking in the context of the Paris Agreement.

Kindliche Verbrennungen sind sehr häufige Verletzungen. Jährlich verbrennen sich mehr als 30.000 Kinder in Deutschland. Obwohl der Großteil ambulant betreut werden kann, werden jedes Jahr circa 6.000 stationär behandelt. In mehr als 70 % der Fälle handelt es sich um Verbrühungen.[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 9. Mitteldeutscher Wundkongress

Das Messen des Erfolges der Wundbehandlung stellte in den letzten Jahren eine Hürde in der Bewertung der Bedeutung der Wundheilungsstörungen als auch deren Erstattungsfähigkeit dar. Klare Erkrankungen wie eine koronare Herzerkrankung oder ein definiertes Trauma lassen sich aufgrund der[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 9. Mitteldeutscher Wundkongress

A granulocyte bioreactor for the extracorporeal treatment was developed to enhance the immune cell function in patients with severe sepsis. The influence of oxygenation on the used cells was tested in a prospective clinical study. Ten patients with severe sepsis were treated twice with the granulocyte bioreactor. The used cells were screened for functionality; values of blood gases, glucose and lactate were obtained from the recirculating bioreactor circuit. Five patients were treated with an oxygenator setup (Oxy group), five without oxygenator (Non-Oxy group). The overall in-hospital mortality was 50%. Significantly lower values of oxygen saturation, partial oxygen pressure, lactate, oxyburst and phagocytosis were seen in the Non-Oxy group compared with the Oxy group in the bioreactor circuit. Further studies with this approach are encouraged and should focus on the influence of oxygenation on production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines of used cells.

Purpose: Granulocyte transfusions have been used to treat immune cell dysfunction in sepsis. A granulocyte bioreactor for the extracorporeal treatment of sepsis was tested in a prospective clinical study focusing on the dosage of norepinephrine in patients and influence on dynamic and cell based liver tests during extracorporeal therapies. Methods and Patients: Ten patients with severe sepsis were treated twice within 72 h with the system containing granulocytes from healthy donors. Survival, physiologic parameters, extended hemodynamic measurement, and the indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (PDR) were monitored. Plasma of patients before and after extracorporeal treatments were tested with a cell based biosensor for analysis of hepatotoxicity. Results: The observed mortality rate was 50% during stay in hospital. During the treatments, the norepinephrine-dosage could be significantly reduced while mean arterial pressure was stable. In the cell based analysis of hepatotoxicity, the viability and function of sensor-cells increased significantly during extracorporeal treatment in all patients and the PDR-values increased significantly between day 1 and day 7 only in survivors. Conclusion. The extracorporeal treatment with donor granulocytes showed promising effects on dosage of norepinephrine in patients, liver cell function, and viability in a cell based biosensor. Further studies with this approach are encouraged.

Increasing complexity of modern multi-processor system on chip (MPSoC) and the decreasing feature size have introduced new challenges. System designers have to consider now aspects which were not part of the design process in past times. Resource-aware Computing is one of such emerging design concerns which can help to improve performance, dependability and resource utilization of overall system. Resource-aware execution takes into account the resource status when executing tasks on MPSoCs. Exploration of resource-aware computing at early design stages of complex systems is mandatory and appropriate methodologies to do this in an efficient manner are thus required. In this paper, we present a modular approach which provides modeling and simulation support for investigation of resource-aware execution in MPSoCs. The proposed methodology enables rapid exploration of the design space by modeling and simulating the resource-awareness in a separate layer while widely reusing the legacy system model in the other layer. Our experiments illustrate the benefits of our approach for the exploration of resource-aware execution on MPSoCs., Comment: Presented at 1st Workshop on Resource Awareness and Adaptivity in Multi-Core Computing (Racing 2014) (arXiv:1405.2281)

Manycore System-on-Chip include an increasing amount of processing elements and have become an important research topic for improvements of both hardware and software. While research can be conducted using system simulators, prototyping requires a variety of components and is very time consuming. With the Open Tiled Manycore System-on-Chip (OpTiMSoC) we aim at building such an environment for use in our and other research projects as prototyping platform. This paper describes the project goals and aspects of OpTiMSoC and summarizes the current status and ideas., 7 pages, 2 figures

In der Arbeit wird ein auf lokaler Suche basierendes, rekursives Verfahren zur Abbildung und zum Scheduling von Prozess-Graphen entwickelt, das auch die Bearbeitung von Graphen mit Kontrollabhängigkeiten erlaubt, wie sie in Anwendungen zur Bearbeitung von Datenkommunikationsprotokollen vorkommen. Hierzu wird eine neue Methode definiert, in einem Graphen mit beliebigen bedingten Übergängen die gegenseitige Exklusivität von Prozessen und Transfers festzustellen. Diese Information wird beim Scheduling der Prozesse benutzt, um Ressourcen mehrfach ausnutzen zu können. Für die lokale Suche kommt eine neue Nachbarschaftsdefinition zum Einsatz, die den kritischen Pfad erweitert und eine schnellere Konvergenz des Verfahrens ermöglicht bzw. bessere Ergebnisse erzielt. Das Verfahren wird sowohl an synthetischen Graphen als auch an einer realen Anwendung aus dem Bereich der Paketverarbeitung verifiziert. In this dissertation, a recursive local search based method for mapping and scheduling of process graphs is developed. The approach enables the treatment of graphs with control dependencies which are common for the processing of data communication protocols. In this context, a new procedure for the detection of the mutual exclusivity of graph nodes is defined. In the scheduling step, this information is used for the efficient usage of the resources. For the local search, a new neighborhood definition is used which is based on the critical path of the graph. The corresponding extension leads to faster convergence and better results of the search, respectively. The new method is tested as well in synthetic benchmark graphs as well as in a real application from the packet processing domain.

HannahArendt.net, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006): Forgiveness and Politics

The question we proposed to explore with the seminar participants is whether the dynamic reconfigurable computing community is paying sufficient attention to the subject of dynamic reconfigurable SoC interconnects. By SoC interconnect, we refer to architecture- or system-level building blocks such as on-chip buses, crossbars, add-drop rings or meshed NoCs. P Our motivation to systematically investigate this question originates from conceptual and architectural challenges in the FlexPath project. FlexPath is a new Network Processor architecture that flexibly maps networking functions onto both SW programmable CPU resources and (re-)configurable HW building blocks in a way that different packet flows are forwarded via different, optimized processing paths. Packets with well defined processing requirements may even bypass the central CPU complex (AutoRoute). In consequence, CPU processing resources are more effectively used and the overall NP throughput is improved compared to conventional NPU architectures. P The following requirements apply with respect to the dynamic adaptation of the processing paths: The rule basis for NPU-internal processing path lookup is updated in the order of 100us, packet inter-arrival time is in the order of 100ns. Partial reconfiguration of the rule basis (and/or interconnect structure) with state of the art techniques would take several ms resulting in a continuously blocked system. However, performing path selection with conventional lookup table search and updates (and a statically configured on-chip bus) takes considerably less than 100ns. Hence, is there a need for new conceptual approaches with respect to dynamic SoC interconnect reconfiguration, or is this a ''no issue'' as conventional techniques are sufficient?

HannahArendt.net, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2005): The Frailty of Action

Ribosome biogenesis is a highly complex process requiring many assisting factors. Studies in yeast have yielded comprehensive knowledge of the cellular machinery involved in this process. However, many aspects of ribosome synthesis are different in higher eukaryotes, and the global set of mammalian ribosome biogenesis factors remains unexplored. We used an imaging-based, genome-wide RNAi screen to find human proteins involved in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Our analysis identified ∼300 factors, many part of essential protein modules such as the small subunit (SSU) processome, the eIF3 and chaperonin complexes, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We demonstrate a role for the vertebrate-specific factor RBIS in ribosome synthesis, uncover a requirement for the CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase in nucleolar ribosome biogenesis, and reveal that intracellular glutamine synthesis supports 40S subunit production., Cell Reports, 13 (12), ISSN:2666-3864, ISSN:2211-1247