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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent, costly, and associated with poor health outcomes in adults. Little is known about ACE prevalence rates or strategies for measuring ACEs among young adults in Mainland China. The aims of this study were to (a) translate the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) into Simplified Chinese, (b) assess the psychometric strength of the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-IQ (SC-ACE-IQ), and (c) compare SC-ACE-IQ scores calculated using binary and frequency scoring methods. The ACE-IQ was translated from English to Simplified Chinese and evaluated for content validity, criterion validity, and test-retest reliability. Chinese young adults (

Background. Cancers of digestive system have high case-fatality rate. It is important to find more appropriate methods in diagnosing and predicting gastrointestinal malignances. And thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) was reported to have the functions, although results were not identical. So we performed this meta-analysis to clarify the significance of TSP-2 in this area. Methods. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrial.gov were searched for relevant studies. Data were extracted from these involved records. For the meta-analysis of diagnostic test, bivariate mixed effect model was used to estimate diagnostic accuracy. For prognosis part, HRs and their 95% CIs were pooled to compare the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with high TSP-2 and low TSP-2. Results. Nine records were eligible for the analysis of diagnostic test. Pooled results were as follows: sensitivity 0.60 (0.52, 0.68), specificity 0.96 (0.91, 0.98), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 15.4 (7.3, 32.2), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.42 (0.34, 0.50), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 37 (18, 76). While in prognosis part, 10 articles were included. Patients with increased TSP-2 had shorter OS ( HR = 1.64 , 95% CI = 1.21 -2.22); however, no difference was found in DFS between TSP-2 high and low groups ( HR = 1.44 , 95% CI = 0.28 -7.33). Conclusions. TSP-2, as a diagnostic marker, has a high specificity but a moderate sensitivity. Meanwhile, it plays a role in predicting OS. Therefore, making TSP-2 a routine assay could be beneficial to high-risk individuals and patients with digestive malignances.

This paper studies the grain refinement mechanisms of 5A06 aluminum alloy sheets in cold rotary forging (CRF). The results show that the grains are clearly refined from 25.1 µm to 11.8 µm during the CRF process. The grain refinement mechanism can be divided into two modes: (1) The grains with a small Schmid factor (SF) are activated by multi-slip systems, and dense dislocations are segregated along the boundaries of interior regions with different slip systems, which results in a rapidly increasing strain localization along these boundaries. Since the strain localization restrains the coordinate slip deformation between different interior regions, the grains are directly separated into several finer grains. (2) The grains with a large SF are primarily activated by a single slip system, and the dislocation migrates smoothly along most microband boundaries. Then, a more severe lattice rotation causes a transformation to a hard orientation and multi-slip system activation, which contributes to an increase in the rapid misorientation across microband boundaries and thus promotes significant SF grain refinement.

The noninvasive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is insufficiently accurate. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic markers is vital for the understanding of the CCA mechanism and related treatment. The information on CCA patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were applied to analyze the modules of interest. By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to analyze the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), the featured genes were subsequently verified. In addition, clinical samples and GSE119336 cohort data were also collected for the validation of these hub genes. Using WGCNA, we identified 61 hub genes that regulated the progression and prognosis of CCA. Eight hub genes (VSNL1, TH, PCP4, IGDCC3, RAD51AP2, MUC2, BUB1, and BUB1B) were identified which exhibited significant interactions with the tumorigenic mechanism and prognosis of CCA. In addition, GO and KEGG clarified that the blue and magenta modules were involved with chromosome segregation, mitotic and oocyte meiosis, the cell cycle, and sister chromatid segregation. Four hub genes (VSNL1, PCP4, BUB1, and BUB1B) were also verified as featured genes of progression and prognosis by the GSE119336 cohort data and five human tissue samples.

Photocatalytic technology is the recent investigation focus because of the wide applications in sewage disposal and new energy generation. In this paper, the optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 NTAs were enhanced by the hydrothermal deposition of CuBi2O4 by regulating the precursor concentration. The results indicated that the precursor concentration played remarkable influences on the morphology and photocatalytic ability. The mild reagent concentration was in favor of super-thin CuBi2O4 nanosheet formation. CuBi2O4/TiO2 NTAs with high reagent concentration exhibited high photocurrent and hydrogen production, and showed outstanding performance in the removal of organic dyes and heavy metal ions. The free radical production and the photocatalytic progress were introduced in detail. The high photocatalytic activity exhibits prospective foreground in industrial waste water treatment and novel energy resource development.

The development of high-temperature-resistant coatings is crucial, which demands a new adhesive resin owing to harsh service conditions. In this work, the structural evolution and basic performance of three different polysilazanes with a Si–N backbone are studied, which is further compared to a typical silicone resin with a Si–O backbone. Experimental results show that polysilazanes with different structures undergo a two-step oxidation process with a residual weight higher than 77% in comparison to the one-step degradation of silicone with a weight loss higher than 47% at 800°C under flowing air atmosphere. Additionally, the decrease in thickness of polysilazane-resin coating is below 50%, while that of the silicone-resin coating is higher than 77%, which affords a crack- and defect-free morphology in polysilazanes and blistering and particle aggregation in the silicone after a temperature treatment at 800°C. Thus, our study demonstrates that polysilazanes are potential alternative choices as resin adhesives for high-temperature-resistant coatings rather than silicone-based resins, in extremely harsh conditions.

Text detection methods based on grouping characters have emerged and have achieved promising performance. Nevertheless, previous methods that grouped characters by learning the relation of adjacent characters or used the heuristic clustering method with a handcrafted feature are unsuitable for dense, curved, or long texts. An effective manner of grouping characters is proposed by introducing K‐Means that is modified by the law of universal gravitation, an outlier detection mechanism and sufficient context information. Based on that, corresponding text detector is presented, named the Text Detector, based on modified K‐Means (KText), which can generate the bounding boundary of word‐level texts with an arbitrary shape. In the experimental stage, two novel stratagems are presented to replenish character‐level annotations to several datasets that provide only word‐level annotations. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, experiments are carried out on three benchmarks, ICDAR2013, ICDAR2015 and Total‐Text, which contain horizontal, oriented and curved text. The results show that KText performs more competently than most state‐of‐the‐art text detectors when handling dense texts with an arbitrary shape.

Direct electrochemical oxidation, as an economical and efficient method, has recently received increasing attention for ammonia-nitrogen wastewater treatment. Developing a low-cost, efficient catalytic electrode is the key to solve the problem of sluggish ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) kinetics. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) Ni foam electrode coated with NiCuOOH petal-like cluster structures was prepared using a simple sonochemical method combined with a surface electrochemical reconstruction strategy. This structure has a large surface area and abundant NiCuOOH active sites, giving a good premise for extraordinary electrocatalytic activity of AOR. The results show that the maximum current density for AOR reaches 97.8 mA cm−2 at 0.60 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Additionally, 96.53% of NH4+-N removal efficiency and 63.12% of TN removal efficiency were acquired in the electrolysis system based on the NiCuOOH-NF electrode, as well as a good stability for at least 24 h. It is a promising flow-through anode for the clean treatment of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater.

Let [Formula: see text] be a Fourier integral operator defined with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] satisfying the strong non-degenerate condition. It is shown that [Formula: see text] is a bounded operator from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]

Aim The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among health science students in China; associations between the number of ACE exposures and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms; and the extent to which resilience moderates the effect of ACEs on mental health outcomes. Design This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted May-August 2020. Methods Five hundred and sixty-six health science students (18-38 years) from China completed online surveys measuring ACEs using the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire, depressive and anxiety symptoms and resilience. Descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc tests and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 27. Results 88.5% of participants reported at least one ACE; 42.6% reported four or more ACEs. Higher number of ACEs was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four or more ACEs were associated with significantly worse mental health outcomes than those with no ACEs and those with one to three ACEs. Greater resilience significantly attenuated the effects of ACEs on mental health symptoms. Conclusions ACEs are highly prevalent among Chinese health science students but their impact on mental health can be buffered by higher levels of resilience. Impact Screening for ACEs and strength-based, trauma-informed interventions on fostering resilience is needed to promote mental health among Chinese young adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of PCEs among young adults in Mainland China and the extent to which the cumulative number of PCEs moderates the associations between ACEs and flourishing in adulthood. Between August and November 2020, we used convenience and snowball sampling to recruit 9468 young adults, ages 18–35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China to participate in a survey, which included measures on flourishing, exposure to ACEs and PCEs, and demographic characteristics. Approximately 92% of participants reported experiencing seven to nine PCEs, with harmonious family relationships (96.9%), feeling supported by friends (96.8%) and being treated fairly at school (96.3%) being the most common PCEs reported. Results of the multiple regression indicated that the cumulative number of PCEs statistically significantly moderated the relation between the cumulative number of ACEs and flourishing (interaction term b = −0.060 [−0.071, −0.049], p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.183); as the number of ACEs increased up through eight ACEs, decreases in flourishing were smaller among those with higher numbers of PCEs. PCEs are common among young adults from Mainland China and serve a potential buffering effect against exposure to ACEs.

Plastome sequence data is most often extracted from plant whole genome sequencing data and need to be assembled and annotated separately from the nuclear genome sequence. In projects comprising multiple genomes, it is labour intense to individually process the plastomes as it requires many steps and software. This study developed Plastaumatic - an automated pipeline for both assembly and annotation of plastomes, with the scope of the researcher being able to load whole genome sequence data with minimal manual input, and therefore a faster runtime. The main structure of the current automated pipeline includes trimming of adaptor and low-quality sequences using fastp, de novo plastome assembly using NOVOPlasty, standardization and quality checking of the assembled genomes through a custom script utilizing BLAST+ and SAMtools, annotation of the assembled genomes using AnnoPlast, and finally generating the required files for NCBI GenBank submissions. The pipeline is demonstrated with 12 potato accessions and three soybean accessions.

Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are recognized to be classic hallmarks of eosinophilic inflammation. Both protein and mRNA levels of CLC in nasal secretions and nasal brushing samples have been associated with nasal polyp recurrence. However, whether the crystalline CLC structures in nasal tissue could serve as an effective biomarker to predict polyp recurrence remains unclear.A total of 110 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) completing the postoperative follow-up over a period of 24 months were recruited. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was employed for CLCs identification. The predictive factors for polyp recurrence were determined by binary logistic regression analysis.Thirty three (30.00%) patients developed recurrence during a 24-month postoperative follow-up, in which 84.85% (28/33) patients had crystalline CLC structures. Logistic regression analysis showed that crystalline CLC structure in nasal tissues is predictive of polyp recurrence. Youden index demonstrated crystalline CLC structure higher than 1 per high power field can predict postoperative polyp recurrence with 84.80% sensitivity and 98.70% specificity.The crystalline CLC structures in nasal tissues may serve as an easy-counting and promising biomarker to predict CRSwNP recurrence.

Hmong adults who are Vietnam War refugees have been exposed to refugee-related trauma, but little is known about associations between patterns of trauma exposure and mental health outcomes in Hmong adults. We examined patterns of trauma exposure and mental health symptoms (i.e., somatization, depression, anxiety, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) in three generations of Hmong adults (N = 219). Trauma exposure and probable PTSD were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Hmong Version. Somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Latent class analysis (LCA) and auxiliary analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and mental health symptoms were performed. The best-fitting LCA model described three distinct classes: complex and pervasive trauma (60.3%), combat situation and deprivation trauma (26.0%), and low exposure to refugee-related trauma (13.7%). Participants in the complex and pervasive trauma class were the oldest, had the shortest U.S. residency, were the least proficient in English, and reported the most severe mental health symptoms; those in the combat situation and deprivation trauma class were the youngest, moderately proficient in English, and reported moderate mental health symptoms; and those in the low exposure to refugee-related trauma class were the most proficient in English, had the longest U.S. residency, and reported the least severe mental health symptoms. Our findings call for surveillance and a trauma-informed approach for Hmong elders with limited English proficiency, who have a high risk of experiencing accumulative effects of refugee-related trauma and are susceptible to poor mental health outcomes.

Background We explored whether stem cell therapy was effective for animal models and patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods We searched five online databases. The relative outcomes were analyzed with the aid of GetData Graph Digitizer 2.26 and Stata 16.0 software. The SYRCLE risk of bias tool and the MINORS tool were used to assess study quality. Results We evaluated 46 studies including 28 animal works (n = 567) and 18 human trials (n = 360). In the animal studies, the disease activity index dramatically decreased in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment groups compared to the control group. Rats and mice receiving MSCs exhibited longer colons [mice: standardized mean difference (SMD) 2.84, P = 0.000; rats: SMD 1.44, P = 0.029], lower histopathological scores (mice: SMD − 4.58, p = 0.000; rats: SMD − 1.41, P = 0.000) and lower myeloperoxidase levels (SMD − 6.22, P = 0.000). In clinical trials, stem cell transplantation reduced the CD activity index (SMD − 2.10, P = 0.000), the CD endoscopic index of severity (SMD − 3.40, P = 0.000) and simplified endoscopy score for CD (SMD − 1.71, P = 0.000) and improved the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire score (SMD 1.33, P = 0.305) compared to control values. CD patients maintained high remission rates for 3–24 months after transplantation. Conclusions Stem cell transplantation is a valuable supplementary therapy for CD.

A synthetic route to an anti-cancer drug, lapatinib, was devised to support the development of a sustainable manufacturing process in South Africa. Quantitative metrics were employed to evaluate the sustainability of the key steps of the reaction.

Let [Formula: see text] be a pseudo-differential operator defined by the symbol [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. It is shown that if [Formula: see text], then the operator satisfies the following pointwise estimate: [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] and all Schwartz function [Formula: see text] Here, [Formula: see text] denotes the John-Nirenberg sharp function of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] stands for the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator.

Understanding foggy image sequence in the driving scenes is critical for autonomous driving, but it remains a challenging task due to the difficulty in collecting and annotating real-world images of adverse weather. Recently, the self-training strategy has been considered a powerful solution for unsupervised domain adaptation, which iteratively adapts the model from the source domain to the target domain by generating target pseudo labels and re-training the model. However, the selection of confident pseudo labels inevitably suffers from the conflict between sparsity and accuracy, both of which will lead to suboptimal models. To tackle this problem, we exploit the characteristics of the foggy image sequence of driving scenes to densify the confident pseudo labels. Specifically, based on the two discoveries of local spatial similarity and adjacent temporal correspondence of the sequential image data, we propose a novel Target-Domain driven pseudo label Diffusion (TDo-Dif) scheme. It employs superpixels and optical flows to identify the spatial similarity and temporal correspondence, respectively and then diffuses the confident but sparse pseudo labels within a superpixel or a temporal corresponding pair linked by the flow. Moreover, to ensure the feature similarity of the diffused pixels, we introduce local spatial similarity loss and temporal contrastive loss in the model re-training stage. Experimental results show that our TDo-Dif scheme helps the adaptive model achieve 51.92% and 53.84% mean intersection-over-union (mIoU) on two publicly available natural foggy datasets (Foggy Zurich and Foggy Driving), which exceeds the state-of-the-art unsupervised domain adaptive semantic segmentation methods. Models and data can be found at https://github.com/velor2012/TDo-Dif., IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2022

• In order for a better understanding of how baffle impacts on the flow field stirred by pitched blade turbine (PBT), the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment was conducted in baffled and unbaffled tank, with time-averaged method, phase-resolved method and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method applied to analyze the turbulent characteristics. The POD quadruple decomposition method was adopted to decompose the flow structures of different scales. As indicated by the experimental results, in the measured area, an independent circulation area develops under the impeller, thus forming a pattern of double circulation flow in the unbaffled tank. There is a relatively concentrated distribution of incoherent flow structures in the stirred flow field, and these small-scale flow structures hinder transfer to the whole stirred tank, which makes it easy for the difference in local concentration to arise. With the addition of baffle, the axial discharge of fluid is enhanced, and the independent circulation area under the turbine shows change, and the large-scale convection of main body develops. The stirring-induced incoherent flow structure shows a wider range of distribution, while the small-scale structure under the stirring tank creates a more favorable condition for the diffusion into the whole stirred tank.

In this paper, we get an Lp boundedness of Fourier integral operators with rough amplitude $a\in L^{\infty } S^{m}_{\varrho },~$ and phase $\varphi \in L^{\infty }{\Phi }^{2}$ for $1\leq p\leq +\infty $ . This is an improvement of the corresponding results in Dos Santos Ferreira and Staubach (Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 229, 1074, 2014).

Let Ta,ϕ be a Fourier integral operator defined by the oscillatory integral $${T_{a,\varphi }}u(x) = {1 \over {{{(2\pi )}^n}}}\int_{{^n}} {{e^{{\rm{i}}\varphi (x,\xi )}}} a(x,\xi )\hat u(\xi ){\rm{d}}\xi,$$ where $$a \in S_{\varrho,\delta }^m$$ and ϕ ∈ Φ2, satisfying the strong non-degenerate condition. It is shown that if 0 < ϱ ≤ 1, 0 ≤ δ < 1 and $$ \le {{{\varrho ^2} - n} \over 2}$$ , then Ta,ϕ is a bounded operator from L∞(ℝn) to BMO(ℝn).

In this study, SBA-15 was functionalized by organic groups (-CH

The fracturing behavior of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) reservoirs merits investigation under field-relevant temperature and stress conditions, in order to understand the creation of an extensive fracture network that helps achieve a high heat exchange efficiency. In this work, hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted on two 300 mm sized cubic granite samples at room (32°C) and field-relevant (250°C) temperatures under true triaxial compression conditions. The failure behavior and fracturing plane were studied using acoustic emission (AE) testing, μm-scale computed tomography (μm-CT), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), in addition to the monitoring and analyses of pressure-flow curve during fracturing. The results show that (1) at the macroscale, the strength of the granite sample was weakened at high (field-relevant) temperature, as shown by a decrease in the breakdown pressure and increase in closure pressure from the pressure-flow curve; (2) at the microscale, the failure pattern of grains during fracturing did not differ much at high and room temperatures for both intergranular and transgranular fractures; and (3) due to upscaling issues from the laboratory to field, however, the laboratory experiment will not directly provide some critical parameters (e.g., mud window pressure needed for fracture initiation and borehole failure avoidance) needed for an EGS field exploration.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted interest for their potential to alleviate liver injury. Here, the protective effect of MSCs on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) was investigated. In this study, we illustrated a novel mechanism that ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of regulated cell death, contributed to CCl4-induced ALI. Subsequently, based on the in vitro and in vivo evidence that MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) treatment achieved pathological remission and inhibited the production of lipid peroxidation, we proposed an MSC-based therapy for CCl4-induced ALI. More intriguingly, treatment with MSCs and MSC-Exo downregulated the mRNA level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) while it restored the protein level of SLC7A11 in primary hepatocytes and mouse liver, indicating that the inhibition of ferroptosis partly accounted for the protective effect of MSCs and MSC-Exo on ALI. We further revealed that MSC-Exo-induced expression of SLC7A11 protein was accompanied by increasing of CD44 and OTUB1. The aberrant expression of ubiquitinated SLC7A11 triggered by CCl4 could be rescued with OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination, thus strengthening SLC7A11 stability and thereby leading to the activation of system XC− to prevent CCl4-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis. In conclusion, we showed that MSC-Exo had a protective role against ferroptosis by maintaining SLC7A11 function, thus proposing a novel therapeutic strategy for ferroptosis-induced ALI.

Liver injury has caused significant illness in humans worldwide. The dynamics of intestinal bacterial communities associated with natural recovery and therapy for CCl4-treated liver injury remain poorly understood. This study was designed to determine the recovery dynamics of intestinal bacterial communities in CCl4-treated mice with or without mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (i.e., MSC and CCl4 groups) at 48 h, 1 week (w), and 2 w. MSCs significantly improved the histopathology, survival rate, and intestinal structural integrity in the treated mice. The gut bacterial communities were determined with significant changes in both the MSC and CCl4 groups over time, with the greatest difference between the MSC and CCl4 groups at 48 h. The liver injury dysbiosis ratio experienced a decrease in the MSC groups and a rise in the CCl4 groups over time, suggesting the mice in the MSC group at 48 h and the CCl4 group at two weeks were at the least gut microbial dysbiosis status among the corresponding cohorts. Multiple OTUs and functional categories were associated with each of the bacterial communities in the MSC and CCl4 groups over time. Among these gut phylotypes, OTU1352_S24-7 was determined as the vital member in MSC-treated mice at 48 h, while OTU453_S24-7, OTU1213_Ruminococcaceae, and OTU841_Ruminococcus were determined as the vital phylotypes in CCl4-treated mice at two weeks. The relevant findings could assist the diagnosis of the microbial dysbiosis status of intestinal bacterial communities in the CCl4-treated cohorts with or without MSC transplantation.

In this paper, we study the L q {L^{q}} - L r {L^{r}} boundedness of bi-parameter Fourier integral operators defined by general rough Hörmander class amplitudes.

Let T a , φ $T_{a,\varphi }$ be a Fourier integral operator with symbol a and phase φ. In this paper, under the conditions a ( x , ξ ) ∈ L ∞ S ρ n ( ρ − 1 ) / 2 ( ω ) $a(x,\xi )\in L^{\infty }S^{n(\rho -1)/2}_{\rho }(\omega )$ and φ ∈ L ∞ Φ 2 $\varphi \in L^{\infty }\varPhi ^{2}$ , the authors show that T a , φ $T_{a,\varphi }$ is bounded from L 2 ( R n ) $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ to L 2 ( R n ) $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ .

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, stem cell-based therapy for DM has shown considerable promise. Here, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for both type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM). The PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched up to November 2018. We employed a fixed-effect model using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) when no statistically significant heterogeneity existed. Otherwise, a random-effects statistical model was used. Twenty-one studies met our inclusion criteria: ten T1DM studies including 226 patients and eleven T2DM studies including 386 patients. Stem cell therapy improved C-peptide levels (mean difference (MD), 0.41; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.76) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c; MD, -3.46; 95% CI, -6.01 to -0.91) for T1DM patients. For T2DM patients, stem cell therapy improved C-peptide levels (MD, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.59), HbA1c (MD, -0.87; 95% CI, -1.37 to -0.37) and insulin requirements (MD, -35.76; 95% CI, -40.47 to -31.04). However, there was no significant change in fasting plasma glucose levels (MD, -0.52; 95% CI, -1.38 to 0.34). Subgroup analyses showed significant HbA1c and C-peptide improvements in patients with T1DM treated with bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSCs), while there was no significant change in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) group. In T2DM, HbA1c and insulin requirements decreased significantly after MSC transplantation, and insulin requirements and C-peptide levels were significantly improved after bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) treatment. Stem cell therapy is a relatively safe and effective method for selected individuals with DM. The data showed that BM-HSCs are superior to MSCs in the treatment of T1DM. In T2DM, MSC and BM-MNC transplantation showed favorable therapeutic effects.

The placenta and umbilical cord are pre-eminent candidate sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs) showed greater proliferation capacity than umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in our study. We investigated the drivers of this proliferation difference and elucidated the mechanisms of proliferation regulation. Proteomic profiling and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment were conducted to identify candidate proteins that may influence proliferation. Using lentiviral or small interfering RNA infection, we established overexpression and knockdown models and observed changes in cell proliferation to examine whether a relationship exists between the candidate proteins and proliferation capacity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying proliferation. Six candidate proteins were selected based on the results of proteomic profiling and GO functional enrichment. Through further validation, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and β-catenin were confirmed to affect MSCs proliferation rates. YAP1 and β-catenin showed increased nuclear colocalization during cell expansion. YAP1 overexpression significantly enhanced proliferation capacity and upregulated the expression of both β-catenin and the transcriptional targets of Wnt signaling, CCND1, and c-MYC, whereas silencing β-catenin attenuated this influence. We found that YAP1 directly interacts with β-catenin in the nucleus to form a transcriptional YAP/β-catenin/TCF4 complex. Our study revealed that YAP1 and β-catenin caused the different proliferation capacities of P-MSCs and UC-MSCs. Mechanism analysis showed that YAP1 stabilized the nuclear β-catenin protein, and also triggered the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting proliferation.

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and associated with negative health and social outcomes. However, our understanding of how patterns of ACEs exposure relate to positive outcomes in adulthood remains limited. This study aims to identify patterns of ACEs and examine associations with flourishing in a sample of Chinese young adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2020. Young adults, ages 18–35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling to participate in a survey. The exposure to ACEs was measured by the twelve-item Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire. Additional measures included six domains of flourishing assessed using the Chinese version of the Flourishing Measure, and demographic covariates (i.e., gender, age, year in university, marital status). Descriptive statistical analysis and latent class analysis (LCA) were performed using SPSS 27 and Mplus 8.5. Results Participants included 9468 young adults (mean age = 20.1 years). Majority of participants were female (75.3%), undergraduate students (96.4%), and single (79.8%). Approximately 56% of participants reported at least one ACE; 7.0% reported four or more ACEs. Emotional neglect (33.2%), household violence (20.6%), and parental separation/divorce (13.9%) were the most frequently reported ACEs. LCA identified three ACEs classes: multiple maltreatment and household violence (4.7%), emotional neglect and household violence (16.2%), and low ACEs (79.1%). Individuals in the low ACEs class had the highest level of flourishing whereas individuals in multiple maltreatment and household violence had the lowest level of flourishing in all six domains. There were no significant differences in flourishing between the multiple maltreatment and household violence and the emotional neglect and household violence classes except in the physical and mental health (means = 6.17 vs 6.51, p = 0.02) and the financial and material stability domains (means = 5.25 vs 5.66, p = 0.04). Conclusions Patterns of multiple ACEs exposures were associated with lower levels of flourishing. Our findings have implications for efforts to prevent ACEs exposure through monitoring and promoting family well-being and routine screening to identify those with ACEs exposure to prevent negative social and health sequelae.

Perioperative management involving anesthesiologists plays an important role in prognosis of recipients after lung transplantation. Since the development of lung transplantation, the demand for specialized anesthesiologists continues to increase. As the largest lung transplant center in China, the Wuxi People's Hospital was tasked with trainee anesthesiologists throughout the country in lung transplantation anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the current status and training needs of anesthesiologists for the anesthetic management of lung transplantation in Wuxi People's Hospital between 2015 to 2020.Overall, 53 trainee anesthesiologists for lung transplantation from 35 hospitals were investigated anonymously in our survey. The questionnaire included the anesthesiologists' demographic information, level of satisfaction, training needs and current status in their hospitals. We divided the doctors into two groups depending on the trainee anesthesiologists' seniority and professional title: intermediate and senior. Survey data were compared between the groups.Significantly more doctors in senior-level positions had clinical research experience than did doctors in intermediate-level positions (P = 0.041). All doctors were highly or very highly satisfied with the training received. Doctors in intermediate-level positions preferred training periods of 4-6 months, while those in senior-level positions preferred 1-3 months of training (P = 0.044). Most doctors considered theoretical courses to be lacking (69.0%), followed by a lack of scenario simulation teaching (54.8%). The most desirable programs were transesophageal echocardiography (TEE, 71.4%) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, 64.3%). ECMO technology was available in the hospitals of 95.2% of respondents; however, only 2.4% of doctors said the anesthesiology department took charge of perioperative ECMO. Significantly more senior-level doctors chose calibrated pulse contour analysis (P = 0.018) and significantly more intermediate-level ones chose TEE (P = 0.049). Disappointingly, 21.4% doctors reported a lack of certification evaluation for trainee anesthesiologists at their hospitals.Different training programs should be set up according to the trainee anesthesiologists' level of seniority and training needs. Theoretical courses and scenario simulation training must be added to improve the training program. Moreover, the training of TEE and ECMO requires greater attention. Finally, a standardized completion assessment is required for trainee anesthesiologists.

Immunogenicity is a major issue associated with the PK, efficacy, and safety evaluation of therapeutic protein products during pre-clinical and clinical studies. A multi-tiered approach consisting of screening, confirmatory, and titration assays has been widely adopted for anti-drug antibody testing. GQ1001, a recombinant humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a cytotoxin of DM1, possesses a novel format of antibody–drug conjugates. In this study, we reported the development, validation, and application of an acid-dissociation bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against GQ1001 in cynomolgus monkey serum. The sensitivity of the screening assay was 126.141 ng/mL in undiluted serum. The screening assay and confirmatory assay were neither affected by the naïve monkey serum nor by 2% and 5% (v/v) erythrocyte hemolysates. Moreover, the assay was not subject to interference by 2500 ng/mL of human IgG1 in the samples. Drug interference at low positive control (150 ng/mL) and high positive control (8000 ng/mL) of anti-GQ1001 antibodies was not observed when GQ1001 concentrations were below 3.125 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, no hook effect was observed for the positive antibodies in the concentration range of 8 to 64 μg/mL. The validated assay was, thereafter, successfully applied to a single-dose toxicity study of GQ1001. Anti-drug antibody positive rates among dosing animals and testing samples were reported, and no significant impact was found on toxicokinetic outcomes.

The aim of this paper is to help regulators develop efficient recovery targets, to deliver desirable economic and environmental outcomes for collective product take-back systems. Two environmental measures—waste generation and energy consumption—are utilized jointly to evaluate the environmental performance of the legislation, whereas economic surplus is used to indicate the economic outcome. We develop a bi-level multi-objective formulation to capture the dynamics between a regulator, a producer, consumers, and the environment. A case study based on BSH Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances and Germany's WEEE take-back scheme is used for deriving policy and managerial insights. We find that the optimal waste generation is robust among all the Pareto solutions in every tested scenarios, as long as recycling is cheaper than landfilling. Our findings also hint the potential benefits of using subsidiary tools, such as a landfill tax and an energy cap, to enhance the overall environmental performance of take-back legislation. From a methodology perspective, a unique feature of the paper is the use of a multi-objective framework for take-back legislation that enables us to characterize the Pareto frontier. Secondly, from the practical perspective, this paper can help regulators with a policy design decision support tool that gradually guides to the most preferable policy, balancing the trade-offs between the three objectives.