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Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Key metabolites structures and mass spectrum plots. Fig. S2. Enrichment analysis for genes in modules significantly correlated with SOC. Fig. S3. mGWAS results related to the loci on chromosome A09. Fig. S4. The performance of metabolite-based Random Forest model for predicting the SOC level. Fig. S5. The genome-wide distribution of eQTLs. Fig. S6. Genetic analysis of BnaA04g01810D. Fig. S7. Genetic analysis of BnaA05g01400D. Fig. S8. mGWAS and mTWAS results of BnaTT4s. Fig. S9. Correlation analysis of BnaTT4s with SOC and SOC-correlated flavonoids. Fig. S10. mGWAS resultsrelated to the loci on chromosome C05. Fig. S11. mGWAS resultsrelated to SCC and mr002. Fig. S12. Functional study of BnaC05.UK. Fig. S13. The relative expression of differentially expressed genes between WT and L5. Fig. S14. Phenylpropanoids and fatty acid synthesis relationship and predicted transcriptional regulation of BnaTT4s and BnaC05.UK.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Geographical distribution of all teosinte accessions. Figure S2. Genetic relationships of maize and teosinte assessed by PCA. Figure S3. Evaluation of the ascertainment bias caused by Syngenta SNPs. Figure S4. Haplotype richness in maize and teosinte groups estimated via window-based methods. Figure S5. Co-localization of putative selective sweeps with public GWAS hits for flowering time. Figure S6. Genetic relationships of maize and teosinte assessed by PCA using 36,839 common SNPs between this study and Hufford et al.���s study. Table S1. Population divergence among maize and teosinte subgroups estimated by pairwise FST values between different groups. Table S2. List of known domestication, improvement and adaptation genes in maize. Table S3. Comparisons of selective sweeps identified in this study and previous studies, and the factors affecting the identification of selective sweeps.

In certain special scenarios, there will be a mixed radiation field formed by a variety of nuclides or rays. The monitoring system for such radiation fields requires the capacity of comprehensive and automatic analysis. In this paper, a specific mixed radiation field is given, which contains gamma ray, neutron ray, α aerosol and tritium in a high radon concentration environment. An intelligent monitoring system is developed to measure and evaluate the complex radiation field rapidly and accurately. The radiation performance of the system is verified by experiments, which achieves the expected index requirements.

With the wide application of nuclear technology, the radiation field shows more and more characteristics of hybrid, complexity and versatility. In order to ensure the safety and data transparency of radiation field, online radiation monitoring system is usually established for all important radiation fields. Its purpose is to monitor the parameters of radiation field in real-time and accurately, and evaluate the status of radiation safety scientifically and reliably. Therefore, a basic model of online monitoring system for mixed radiation field is established, which can be carried out proper expansion in accordance with the different scales and styles of radiation field.

In this work, the functional requirements of the integrated management of physical protection system has been studied, by analyzing the composition of the physical protection system, as well as the development status and trend of the integrated management system. The design scheme is studied from two aspects of the composition of the physical protection integrated management system and the software architecture, so as to provide reference for the construction of the integrated management system of nuclear facilities.

According to the types of geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides that are prone around mountainous nuclear facilities, the design principles of “progressiveness, stability and reliability, convenience for expansion, economy and practicality, and security and confidentiality” were proposed; slope shallow displacement, slope deep displacement and local rainfall were selected as the monitoring indicators; and then, a geological disaster monitoring and early-warning system for mountainous nuclear facilities was designed to provide technical support for improving the safety management level of mountainous nuclear facilities. The system has been put into trials at several high-risk slopes in some mountainous nuclear facilities to carry out further experimental research and improvement.

In order to accurately predict the variation rule of the effective permittivity and component content of silicon carbide (SiC) composites, the dielectric constants of SiC nano-particulate and its composites have been investigated by experiments and theoretical calculation. Based on the measured relative effective permittivity of samples with different SiC concentration, a calculation method for effective permittivity was established by modifying effective medium formula and Debye model. By the proposed formulas, the intrinsic permittivity of SiC versus frequency was revealed. The effective permittivity of SiC composites as a function of filling content and frequency was also explored. The relative deviation between the theoretical values and the experimental data was less than 5%. The frequency dispersion characteristic of the dielectric parameters of the component as well as the effect of the fillers on the depolarization field of the composite system was fully taken into consideration during the effective permittivity model establishing. Therefore the proposed effective permittivity model should be suitable for both low-filling and high-filling concentration systems.

With the extensive application of nuclear technology and the improvement of emergency forewarning level for nuclear terrorism, it is urgent to study the performance of nuclear security basic system against nuclear electromagnetic pulse. In this paper, a basic nuclear security system is designed, and the weak link of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse is analyzed and simulated. In addition, the weak link is tested through experiments. The theoretical analysis is in good agreement with the experimental results. The results of this paper can provide technical support for the reinforcement of nuclear security system against nuclear electromagnetic pulse.

As we know radon is harmful to people because of its radioactivity. Focusing on the technical requirements of radon mitigation by adsorption, the radon adsorption behavior of carbon nanotube bundles was studied under different diameter tube bundles and different tube spacing using the grand cononical ensemble Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation method. The results show that the (10:10) type nanotubes have the strongest ability to adsorb radon with a tube spacing of 1 nm, followed by (7:7) type nanotubes with a tube spacing of 1 nm. The bundle of carbon nanotubes of the (8:8) type has the worst adsorption capacity. Moreover, the nanotube bundles of each type of tube have an increased ability to adsorb radon as the tube spacing increases.

A novel composite of β-FeOOH nanospindles coated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (β-FeOOH/MWNTs) has been synthesized via a wet chemical method and used as electrocatalysts for the cathodes of Li–O 2 batteries (LOBs). The β-FeOOH/MWNT cathodes can afford a high reversible capacity of 6000 mA h g −1 tested at 200 mA g −1 and cycle stability for 19 cycles with a reversible capacity of 600 mA h g −1 and good rate capability. The LOB performance should be benefited from the fast kinetics of electron transport through the MWNT support and the electro-catalytic activity provided by the β-FeOOH nanospindles. The preliminary result manifests that the composites of β-FeOOH/MWNTs are promising cathode electrocatalysts for LOBs.

Separating radioactive wastewater by using high gradient magnetic separator is one of the new technologies. In this paper, using FLUENT software for simulation, effects of the flow rate, magnetic particle size, intensity of magnetic field, and magnetic media filling rate on adsorption was figured out, and the built mathematical model was effectively verified. In addition, the paper provided theoretical support for developing the prototype for radioactive wastewater magnetic separation.

A new method was presented for calculating extinction cross-section of electromagnetic wave by the core-shell spherical granule. An equivalent method was used to calculate the equivalent permittivity of the core-shell spherical granule. A concentric core-shell spherical granule can be replaced by a solid granule possessing the same radius with the original coating shell, and the equivalent permittivity is equal to that of the product of equivalent coefficient and the kernel permittivity. Based on the electromagnetic wave theory and the equivalent method, the scattering and absorption characteristics of the electromagnetic wave by a core-shell spherical particle were analyzed under the condition that wavelength was far greater than the particle diameter. The influence of geometrical and dielectric parameters on the scattering and absorption of microwave was discussed numerically in detail.

It is generally recognized that many favorable genes which were lost during domestication, including those related to both nutritional value and stress resistance, remain hidden in wild relatives. To uncover such genes in teosinte, an ancestor of maize, we conducted metabolite profiling in a BC2F7 population generated from a cross between the maize wild relative (Zea mays ssp. mexicana) and maize inbred line Mo17. In total, 65 primary metabolites were quantified in four tissues (seedling‐stage leaf, grouting‐stage leaf, young kernel and mature kernel) with clear tissue‐specific patterns emerging. Three hundred and fifty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these metabolites were obtained, which were distributed unevenly across the genome and included two QTL hotspots. Metabolite concentrations frequently increased in the presence of alleles from the teosinte genome while the opposite was observed for grain yield and shape trait QTLs. Combination of the multi‐tissue transcriptome and metabolome data provided considerable insight into the metabolic variations between maize and its wild relatives. This study thus identifies favorable genes hidden in the wild relative which should allow us to balance high yield and quality in future modern crop breeding programs.

It is generally recognized that many favorable genes which were lost during domestication, including those related to both nutritional value and stress resistance, remain hidden in wild relatives. To uncover such genes in teosinte, an ancestor of maize, we conducted metabolite profiling in a BC2F7population generated from a cross between the maize wild relative (Zea maysssp.mexicana) and maize inbred line Mo17. In total, 65 primary metabolites were quantified in four tissues (seedling‐stage leaf, grouting‐stage leaf, young kernel and mature kernel) with clear tissue‐specific patterns emerging. Three hundred and fifty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these metabolites were obtained, which were distributed unevenly across the genome and included two QTL hotspots. Metabolite concentrations frequently increased in the presence of alleles from the teosinte genome while the opposite was observed for grain yield and shape trait QTLs. Combination of the multi‐tissue transcriptome and metabolome data provided considerable insight into the metabolic variations between maize and its wild relatives. This study thus identifies favorable genes hidden in the wild relative which should allow us to balance high yield and quality in future modern crop breeding programs.