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Photoelectrochemical water splitting converts solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel. In this system, the preparation of high-quality photoanodes is essential for achieving efficient solar hydrolysis. Polymeric carbon nitride has emerged as a promising photocatalyst for solar water splitting due to its visible light absorption, suitable band edge positions and good chemical stability. However, considerable difficulties have been encountered in the preparation of robust and well-bonded carbon nitride films on conductive substrates. Herein, a combined strategy of electrophoresis and vapor deposition results in robust and high-performing carbon nitride film photoelectrodes with good bonding on substrates, suitable thickness for light absorption and enhanced charge separation and transfer abilities. The unique structure of the photoanode thus facilitates the oxidation of water and leads to an optimal photocurrent density of approximately 120 μA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE. This work provides new insights for the preparation of polymeric carbon nitride film photoelectrodes, promoting the developments of photoelectric and photoelectrochemical applications based on carbon nitride.

This paper argues that the concept of primal wonder in P4C, proposed by Thomas E. Jackson, can be seen as a “sprout” or seed of intellectual virtue. My understanding of his insight is inspired by Mengzi’s view of moral cultivation and Aristotle’s eudaimonist account of virtue ethics. According to Mengzi, all humans possess four innate sprouts of virtue, and the aim of moral education is to nurture these moral sprouts so that they can grow up into fully ripened virtues. In terms of P4C, Jackson contends that all of us are born already with a special feeling of wonder which he refers to as “primal wonder”. Synthesizing his statement with Mengzi’s agricultural metaphor of moral sprouts, I shall take one step forward by arguing that the innate sense of wonder within every child can be seen as a sprout of virtue. Additionally, once children’s primal wonder has been transformed into a virtue through implementing P4C in the classroom, this admirable character trait, I suggest, should be understood as an intellectual virtue according to Aristotelian virtue ethics. This is because the virtue of wonder can promote children’s intellectual flourishing, which is fully endorsed by Aristotle’s contention that the happiest kind of life is a philosophical one, and that philosophy begins in wonder. In short, if primal wonder as a sprout of intellectual virtue can lead to the highest good for human beings, then one of the main educational goals of doing philosophy with children, I suggest, is to turn their primal wonder into a virtuous habit so that they can live an examined life.

The emerging uptake of AI chatbots for social support entails systematic comparisons between human and non-human entities as sources of support. In a between-subject experimental study, a human and two types of ostensible chatbots (using a wizard of oz design) had supportive conversations with college students who were experiencing stressful situations during the pandemic. We found that when compared with a less ideal chatbot (i.e., low-contingent chatbot), (1) the human support provider was perceived with more warmth, which directly reduced emotional distress among participants; (2) the ideal chatbot (i.e., high-contingent chatbot) was perceived to be more competent, which activated participants' cognitive reappraisal of their stressful situations and subsequently reduced emotional distress. The human provider and the ideal chatbot did not differ in users' perceived competence or warmth, although the human provider was more effective at activating participants' cognitive reappraisal. This study integrates human communication theories into human-computer interaction work and contributes by positioning and theorizing user perceptions of chatbots in a larger process from support sources with varying communication competence to users' cognitive and emotional responses, and ultimately to the stress outcome. Theoretical and design implications are discussed.

Background In recent meta-analyses, robot-assisted gait training for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have yielded limited clinical benefits compared with conventional overground gait training. Objective To investigate the effect of robot-assisted gait training for patients with MS on clinical outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases from their inception to April 7, 2022. We selected studies that (1) included participants with MS, (2) used robot-assisted gait training as the intervention, (3) included conventional overground gait training or another gait training protocol as control treatment, and (4) reported clinical outcomes. Continuous variables are expressed as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results We included 16 studies enrolling 536 participants. Significant improvement was observed in the intervention group, with low heterogeneity at the end of the intervention with regard to walking velocity (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.15, 0.60]), walking endurance (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI [0.04, 0.48]), mobility (SMD: −0.37, 95% CI [−0.60, −0.14]), balance (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI [0.04, 0.48]), and fatigue (SMD: −0.27, 95% CI [−0.49, −0.04]). The results of subgroup analyses revealed improvements in these outcomes for the intervention group using grounded exoskeletons. No significant differences were noted in all the outcomes between the groups at follow-up. Conclusions Robot-assisted gait training with grounded exoskeletons exerts a positive short-term effect and is an adequate treatment option for patients with MS.

This purpose of the paper is to explore the optimal price strategy for the retailers under the cross-store full-reduction promotion mode, where speculative consumers will deliberately purchase add-on items to qualify for discounts when the purchase amount is less than the “full-reduction” threshold and then return the add-on items after successful payment. With respect to the optimal decision problem consisting of two online complementary retailers and an e-commerce platform in the face of speculative consumers’ add-on items return behavior, we construct the single-cycle sales decision models based on the revenue sharing contract. Furthermore, through the derivative function analysis method, we examine the effect of the proportion of speculative consumers, the proportion of product sharing discount amount and revenue sharing coefficient on the platform’s sale strategy and the retailers’ the optimal price strategy. The results show that whether platform implements cross-store full-reduction promotion strategy or not, the product price increases with the increase of revenue sharing coefficient. In addition, under the non-promotion sales mode, the optimal price is not affected by the speculative consumers’ behavior. Under the cross-store full-reduction promotion sales mode, the optimal price changes with the proportion of product sharing discount amount and the proportion of speculative consumers. And the price of only purchasing single product in this case is always higher than the price under the non-promotion sales mode. Finally, we compare the profits under the two scenarios, it is found that the profits under the cross-store full-reduction promotion sales mode are not always higher than that under non-promotion sales mode and the boundary conditions for the platform to adopt different modes are further given.

Background. LINC01207 expression is associated with colorectal cancer progression. However, the exact role of LINC01207 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not clear, and further exploration is needed. Methods. Gene expression data of the GSE34053 database were used to explore the differential expressed genes (DEGs) between colon cancer cells and normal cells. The gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) was used to determine the differential expression of LINC01207 between CRC and normal tissues and the association between the expression of LINC01207 and survival in patients with CRC. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed to obtain the biological processes and pathways associated with DEGs and LINC01207 coexpressed genes in CRC. The qRT-PCR was used to determine the LINC01207 level in CRC cell lines and tissue samples. CCK-8 assay was employed to measure cell viability and Transwell assay to assess cell invasion and migration. Results. In this study, a total of 954 DEGs were identified, including 282 upregulated and 672 downregulated genes. LINC01207 was significantly upregulated in CRC samples with a poor prognosis. LINC01207 was also associated with pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, O-glycan processing, and TNF signaling pathway in CRC. Knockdown of LINC01207 inhibited the migration, invasion, and proliferation of CRC cells. Conclusion. LINC01207 might act as an oncogene and promote the progression of CRC. Our study suggested that LINC01207 had the potential to be a novel biomarker for CRC detection and a therapeutic target for CRC treatment.

The trawler winch is a main winching tool in the fishing operation of trawler. The disturbing influence of various factors such as sea wind and waves, change in the size of the catch and the turning of the fishing vessel during the operation of the trawler will cause unbalanced force on the wire rope of the two winches, which will easily cause the deformation and damage of the fishing net facilities and directly affect the improvement of the fishing yield and increase the harvest. In order to compensate for the change of the tension of the winch tractor during the operation of the trawler, the change of the load tension caused by the wave, or the rotation direction of the fishing vessel, and to ensure the good shape of the net opening, an electro-hydraulic control technology was used to design an automatic trawler tension controller. The tension control method of the trawler is investigated. The tension sensor is used as the input information of the electrical signal of the trawler's left and right trawler, which is measured indirectly and transmitted to the controller for logical operation, and the output torque of the hydraulic motor is changed by controlling the pilot overflow, which drives the trawler winch to adjust the tension of the left and right trawler to achieve the dynamic balance of the control system. In order to solve the problem of the tension of the trawl and the influence of the length change on the trawl, we designed an intelligent control system combining PLC control system and hydraulic system and used AMEsim hydraulic simulation software system to model and simulate it, the results show that without PLC control the torque of hydraulic motor 1 is 2387.7NM, the torque of hydraulic motor 9 is 2148.64NM the difference is 239.06 NM uneven force on both sides of the trailing platform, after adding PLC adjustment torque is obviously controlled torque to maintain about 2300NM, within a certain range to play a reliable adjustment effect.

This paper introduces the rapid automatic control module of trawler based on the hydraulic system of ‘Zhejiang fishery scientific research ship No.2’.The hydraulic simulation model of double motor winch system is built in AMESim software, and SIMULINK module in MATLAB software designed closed loop fuzzy PID controller for hydraulic system simulation. through fuzzy PID control technology drives the hydraulic winch to quickly adjust the tension of the traction, maintain the stable balance of the traction force, maintain the optimization of network horizontal expansion, not only improve the fishing efficiency, but also timely and effective protection mesh. the technical achievements formed by the research will enable small and medium-sized trawlers to adjust the tension under various working conditions through the fuzzy PID control system to stabilize the opening shape of the trawl, so as to improve the automation level and fishing efficiency of related trawling equipment, and provide technical support for precision fishing.

Inserting an ultrathin low-conductivity interlayer between the absorber and transport layer has emerged as an important strategy for reducing surface recombination in the best perovskite solar cells. However, a challenge with this approach is a trade-off between the open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) and the fill factor (FF). Here, we overcame this challenge by introducing a thick (about 100 nanometers) insulator layer with random nanoscale openings. We performed drift-diffusion simulations for cells with this porous insulator contact (PIC) and realized it using a solution process by controlling the growth mode of alumina nanoplates. Leveraging a PIC with an approximately 25% reduced contact area, we achieved an efficiency of up to 25.5% (certified steady-state efficiency 24.7%) in p-i-n devices. The product of V oc × FF was 87.9% of the Shockley-Queisser limit. The surface recombination velocity at the p-type contact was reduced from 64.2 to 9.2 centimeters per second. The bulk recombination lifetime was increased from 1.2 to 6.0 microseconds because of improvements in the perovskite crystallinity. The improved wettability of the perovskite precursor solution allowed us to demonstrate a 23.3% efficient 1-square-centimeter p-i-n cell. We demonstrate here its broad applicability for different p-type contacts and perovskite compositions.

Background Patient selection is key in Phase I studies, and prognosis can be difficult to estimate in heavily pre-treated patients. Previous prognostic models like the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) score or using the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have not been validated in current novel therapies nor in the Asian Phase I population. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 414 patients with solid tumours participating in Phase I studies at our centre between October 2013 and December 2020. Results The RMH model showed poorer prognosis with increasing scores [RMH score 1, HR 1.28 (95% CI: 0.96–1.70); RMH score 2, HR 2.27 (95% CI: 1.62–3.17); RMH score 3, HR 4.14 (95% CI: 2.62–6.53)]. NLR did not improve the AUC of the model. Poorer ECOG status (ECOG 1 vs. 0: HR = 1.59 (95% CI = 1.24–2.04), P P Conclusions We developed a NCIS prognostic score with excellent prognostic ability for both short-term and longer-term survival (iAUC: 0.71 [95% CI 0.65–0.76]), and validated the RMH model in the largest Asian study to date.

Background We evaluated the relevance of PD-1+CD8+ T-cells in gastric cancer (GC) including prognostic significance, association with chemotherapy and immunotherapy sensitivity and correlations with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods Discovery cohort: GC samples were evaluated for AE1/3, CD8, PD-1, Ki-67 and Granzyme-B expression with fluorescence-based multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Validation cohorts: we analyzed bulk RNAseq GC datasets from TCGA, the “3G” chemotherapy trial and an immunotherapy phase 2 trial. The cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors that influenced overall survival (OS). To study the TME, we analyzed single-cell RNAseq performed on GCs. Results In the discovery cohort of 350 GCs, increased PD-1 expression of CD8 T-cells was prognostic for OS (HR 0.822, p = 0.042). PD-1 expression in CD8 T-cells highly correlated with cytolytic [Granzyme-B+] (r = 0.714, p +] (r = 0.798, p PD-1 and CD8A expression levels had improved OS when treated with immunotherapy (HR 0.117, p = 0.036) and chemotherapy (HR 0.475, p = 0.017). Analysis of an scRNAseq dataset of 152,423 cells from 40 GCs revealed that T-cell and NK-cell proportions were higher (24% vs 18% and 19% vs 15%, p p high compared to CD8PD-1low tumors. Conclusion This is one of the largest GC cohorts of mIHC combined with analysis of multiple datasets providing orthogonal validation of the clinical relevance of PD-1+CD8+ T-cells being associated with improved OS. CD8PD-1high tumors have distinct features of an immunologically active, T-cell inflamed TME.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase II inhibitor I (CAMK2N1) as one of the tumor suppressor genes is significantly downregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). Reduced expression of CAMK2N1 is positively correlated with PCa progression. However, the mechanisms of CAMK2N1 downregulation in PCa are still unclear. The promoter region of CAMK2N1 contains a large number of CG loci, providing the possibility for DNA methylation. Consequently, we hypothesized that DNA methylation can result in the reduced expression of CAMK2N1 in PCa. In the presented study, the DNA methylation level of CAMK2N1 in prostate cells and clinical specimens was determined by bisulfite sequencing (BS), pyrosequencing, and in silico analysis. Results showed that CAMK2N1 was highly methylated in PCa cells and tissues compared to normal prostate epithelial cells and nonmalignant prostate tissues, which was associated with the clinicopathological characteristics in PCa patients. Afterwards, we explored the expression of CAMK2N1 and its DNA methylation level by qRT-PCR, western blot, BS, and methylation-specific PCR in PCa cells after 5-Aza-CdR treatment or DNMT1 genetic modification, which demonstrated that the reduced expression of CAMK2N1 can be restored by 5-Aza-CdR treatment via demethylation. Moreover, DNMT1 formed a positive feedback loop with CAMK2N1 in PCa cells. The expression of CAMK2N1 was downregulated by DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation, which reversely induced DNMT1 expression through activating AKT or ERK signaling pathway. Finally, functional assays including wound healing, invasion, and migration assay, as well as the xenograft model in nude mice indicated that CAMK2N1 inhibited the invasion, migration, and proliferation of PCa cells and these effects were reversed by DNMT1 overexpression. In conclusion, DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of CAMK2N1 not only downregulates the gene expression but also promotes the progression of PCa.

Electrical switching of nanophotonic structural color elements is a promising approach towards addressable color switching pixels for next generation reflective displays. However, electrical switching between the primary colors to colorless near-white state remains a challenge. Here, we present a reversible electrical switching approach, relying on the electrocoagulation of Ag nanoparticles between silicon nanostructures that support Mie resonances. The electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles enable the excitation of the hybrid plasmon-Mie resonance as supported on Ag-silicon nanostructures, resulting in a large spectral transformation. Importantly, this process is reversible. This device design outperforms other designs in terms of electrotonic color control since it is highly stable and reliable for use in high-resolution reflective displays, such as colored electronic papers and smart display glass, where the combination is scalable to other nanostructure designs and electrolytic solutions.

Micro-expressions have drawn increasing interest lately due to various potential applications. The task is, however, difficult as it incorporates many challenges from the fields of computer vision, machine learning and emotional sciences. Due to the spontaneous and subtle characteristics of micro-expressions, the available training and testing data are limited, which make evaluation complex. We show that data leakage and fragmented evaluation protocols are issues among the micro-expression literature. We find that fixing data leaks can drastically reduce model performance, in some cases even making the models perform similarly to a random classifier. To this end, we go through common pitfalls, propose a new standardized evaluation protocol using facial action units with over 2000 micro-expression samples, and provide an open source library that implements the evaluation protocols in a standardized manner. Code is publicly available in \url{https://github.com/tvaranka/meb}.

Water-participation matters: the photo-induced single-proton/single-electron transfer pathway on TiO2 nanoparticles can be significantly switched from stepwise PT/ET to one-step CPET by adsorbed water molecules.

In order to solve the problem that the cold/heat released from the underground pipe of coal mine into the soil layer is difficult to dissipate in a short time, the technology of enhancing the underground flow field of coal mine in geothermal energy development to improve the energy efficiency of the heat pump system is proposed. In this paper, based on the ground source heat pump project located in a coal mine, the energy efficiency enhancement technology of the artificial flow field ground source heat pump system is studied and tested. The test results show that when starting work at about 8:00, due to the increase of heating load, the accumulation of cooling capacity around the buried pipe increases gradually, and the return water temperature at the ground source side decreases gradually. At 14:05, the water was pumped for the operation of the artificial groundwater flow field. It can be seen that the temperature of the return water at the ground source side began to rise gradually, indicating that the accumulation of cold water around the buried pipe was relieved to a certain extent. In conclusion, the artificial groundwater flow field can alleviate the accumulation of cold water around the buried pipe heat exchanger to a certain extent, improve the return water temperature of the buried pipe heat exchanger, and improve the energy efficiency of the ground source heat pump system.

Herein, we demonstrate that dichloromethanol but not difluoromethanol is a viable surrogate of carbon monoxide for prodrug design.

A water and pH stable CdII-based MOF can be used as a good sensor for Hg2+ ions in aqueous solution. Intriguingly, LED lamps, test papers and luminescent films have been successfully developed to simply detect Hg2+ ions.