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Author summary The injectisome encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) and the bacterial flagellum are two important virulence factors that are required by Salmonella Typhimurium to establish an infection in the host’s intestine. Previously, we had uncovered a regulatory cross-talk, where the SPI-1 regulator HilD activated expression of flhDC, the flagellar master regulator. However, the physiological consequences of this interaction were unclear. Here, we found that the activation of HilD surprisingly results in a significant reduction of motility, which was independent of HilD-mediated activation of flhDC expression. Our results further demonstrate that HilD expression results in the upregulation of several adhesive structures, activation of the stringent response and depletion of the proton motive force, which is required for energizing flagella rotation. From these findings, we propose a model where the depletion of proton motive force and upregulation of adhesins upon HilD activation allow flagellated Salmonella to quickly adjust their motility during the infection process. This rapid modulation of motility might facilitate efficient adhesion of the bacteria to the host cell surface and the delivery of effector proteins.

Purpose Since the incidental discovery and systematic introduction of mechanical endovascular stroke treatment in 2015 there are few reports about the real-life situation in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical thrombectomy data documented in the quality assurance database of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) and the German Society of Neuroradiology (DGNR) in 2019. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and procedural data of all mechanical thrombectomies that were entered into the voluntary nationwide database in 2019. The information of each procedure was provided on a standardized web-based data sheet. Data were exported and analyzed by a group of experts on behalf of the DGNR. Results A total of 13,840 data sets from 158 participating centers could be analyzed. Mean age of the patients was 74 ± 13 years; 53.9% were female. Vessel occlusion was located in the anterior circulation in 87.4%, in the posterior circulation in 10.7%. On hospital admission, the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 14 (lower/upper quartile 10/19); at hospital discharge, median NIHSS had dropped to 9 (lower/upper quartile 2/12; p

Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, as well as the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as health care, public health, education, social care, etc). This summary article presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist and recommendations for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer reviewed journals as well as the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. However, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, as there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12491-0.

The goal of this guideline/procedure standard is to assist nuclear medicine physicians, other nuclear medicine professionals, oncologists or other medical specialists for recommended use of [F]FDG PET/CT in oncological patients undergoing immunotherapy, with special focus on response assessment in solid tumors. In a cooperative effort between the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, clinical indications, recommended imaging procedures and reporting standards have been agreed upon and summarized in this joint guideline/procedure standard. The field of immuno-oncology is rapidly evolving, and this guideline/procedure standard should not be seen as definitive, but rather as a guidance document standardizing the use and interpretation of [F]FDG PET/CT during immunotherapy. Local variations to this guideline should be taken into consideration. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional non-profit medical association founded in 1985 to facilitate worldwide communication among individuals pursuing clinical and academic excellence in nuclear medicine. The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote science, technology and practical application of nuclear medicine. The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine (ANZSNM), founded in 1969, represents the major professional society fostering the technical and professional development of nuclear medicine practice across Australia and New Zealand. It promotes excellence in the nuclear medicine profession through education, research and a commitment to the highest professional standards. EANM, SNMMI and ANZSNM members are physicians, technologists, physicists and scientists specialized in the research and clinical practice of nuclear medicine. All three societies will periodically put forth new standards/guidelines for nuclear medicine practice to help advance the science of nuclear medicine and improve service to patients. Existing standards/guidelines will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated. Each standard/guideline, representing a policy statement by the EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM, has undergone a thorough consensus process, entailing extensive review. These societies recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging requires particular training and skills, as described in each document. These standards/guidelines are educational tools designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate and effective nuclear medicine care for patients. These guidelines are consensus documents based on current knowledge. They are not intended to be inflexible rules or requirements of practice, nor should they be used to establish a legal standard of care. For these reasons and those set forth below, the EANM, SNMMI and ANZSNM caution against the use of these standards/guidelines in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure or course of action must be made by medical professionals considering the unique circumstances of each case. Thus, there is no implication that an action differing from what is laid out in the guidelines/procedure standards, standing alone, is below standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in the standards/guidelines when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources or advances in knowledge or technology subsequent to publication of the guidelines/procedure standards. The practice of medicine involves not only the science, but also the art of dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible for general guidelines to consistently allow for an accurate diagnosis to be reached or a particular treatment response to be predicted. Therefore, it should be recognized that adherence to these standards/ guidelines will not ensure a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that practitioners follow a reasonable course of action, based on their level of training, current knowledge, clinical practice guidelines, available resources and the needs/context of the patient being treated. The sole purpose of these guidelines is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective. The present guideline/procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, with the support of international experts in the field. They summarize also the views of the Oncology and Theranostics and the Inflammation and Infection Committees of the EANM, as well as the procedure standards committee of the SNMMI, and reflect recommendations for which the EANM and SNMMI cannot be held responsible. The recommendations should be taken into the context of good practice of nuclear medicine and do not substitute for national and international legal or regulatory provisions.

Poster-Abstract

Contains fulltext : 251202.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) A growing number of artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems are showing promising performance in preclinical, in silico, evaluation, but few have yet demonstrated real benefit to patient care. Early stage clinical evaluation is important to assess an AI system’s actual clinical performance at small scale, ensure its safety, evaluate the human factors surrounding its use, and pave the way to further large scale trials. However, the reporting of these early studies remains inadequate. The present statement provides a multistakeholder, consensus-based reporting guideline for the Developmental and Exploratory Clinical Investigations of DEcision support systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (DECIDE-AI). We conducted a two round, modified Delphi process to collect and analyse expert opinion on the reporting of early clinical evaluation of AI systems. Experts were recruited from 20 predefined stakeholder categories. The final composition and wording of the guideline was determined at a virtual consensus meeting. The checklist and the Explanation & Elaboration (E&E) sections were refined based on feedback from a qualitative evaluation process. 123 experts participated in the first round of Delphi, 138 in the second, 16 in the consensus meeting, and 16 in the qualitative evaluation. The DECIDE-AI reporting guideline comprises 17 AI specific reporting items (made of 28 subitems) and 10 generic reporting items, with an E&E paragraph provided for each. Through consultation and consensus with a range of stakeholders, we have developed a guideline comprising key items that should be reported in early stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems in healthcare. By providing an actionable checklist of minimal reporting items, the DECIDE-AI guideline will facilitate the appraisal of these studies and replicability of their findings.

Correction to: Strahlenther Onkol 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-021-01812-2

Data describe the graphs summarized into the figures with a possibility of opening the figures and direct data access.

8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 1392-1395, A 1 MW photovoltaic rooftop system was built in 1997 on northern six roofs of the Munich Trade Fair Centre. At the time of its construction, it was the world’s largest roof-mounted PV system - with an installed rated output of the modules of 1016 kW, see Figure 1. In November 2022, the system will be in operation for 25 years, the average specific yield is 1032 kWh/kW until the end of 2021. The system consists of 7812 modules (thickness of the solar cells: 280 μm to 300 μm) of 130 W each and a central inverter. Extensive evaluations were carried out annually, a lot of operational experience was gained. Thus, measures for an excellent long-term behaviour are regular reports (logfile, monthly / quarterly reports), functional checks e.g. efficiency, MPP control, insulation resistance) and yearly (or often) onsite inspections.

This chapter looks at both the production of data visualizations (henceforth “dataviz”) in newsrooms and audiences’ everyday engagements with dataviz, drawing on two separate research projects. The first is Seeing Data, which explored how people make sense of data visualizations, and the second is INDVIL, which explored dataviz as a semiotic, aesthetic and discursive resource in society. The chapter starts by summarizing the main findings of an INDVIL sub-project focusing on dataviz in the news, in which we found that dataviz are perceived in diverse ways and deployed for diverse purposes. It then summarizes our main findings from Seeing Data, where we also found great diversity, this time in how audiences make sense of dataviz. This diversity is important for the future work of both dataviz researchers and practitioners.

Due to virtually no solubility, He atoms implanted or created inside materials tend to form bubbles, which are known to damage material properties through embrittlement. Higher He density in nano-sized bubbles was observed both experimentally and computationally in Ni(100-x)Fex-alloy samples compared to Ni. The bubbles in the Ni(100-x)Fex-alloys were observed to be faceted, whereas in elemental Ni they were more spherical. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that stacking fault structures formed around bubbles at maximum He density. Higher Fe concentrations stabilize stacking fault structures, suppress evolution of dislocation network around bubbles and suppress complete dislocation emission, leading to higher He density. (C) 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1376-1380, The competition “Architectural Award Building-Integrated Solar Technology“ was organized for the eighth time since its establishment in summer 2000. With 159 schemes, there has been an increase in the number of countries taking part this time, with the jury reviewing competing schemes from 26 countries. Within the competition a first prize, four second prizes, a student prize and honorable mentions were awarded – with a total prize money of € 27,000. A fourstory school building in Luxemburg with PV and solar thermal systems was awarded with the first prize. There were second prizes for an apartment building in Zurich, a high rise building in Paris, a church in Germany and a solar home in India. Five honorable mentions (non-monetary prizes) were endowed: a historic building, an ice rink, a bike shelter, a solar folding roof (all in Switzerland) and an equipment barn in the USA. Many high-quality solutions indicate, that BIPV can often be applied and is able to produce electric energy and fulfill high architectural requirements.

Electrically manipulating the quantum properties of nano-objects, such as atoms or molecules, is typically done using scanning tunnelling microscopes 1-7 and lateral junctions 8-13. The resulting nanotransport path is well established in these model devices. Societal applications require transposing this knowledge to nano-objects embedded within vertical solid-state junctions, which can advantageously harness spintronics 14 to address these quantum properties thanks to ferromagnetic electrodes and high-quality interfaces 15-17. The challenge here is to ascertain the device's effective, buried nanotransport path 18 , and to electrically involve these nano-objects in this path by shrinking the device area from the macro-17,19-22 to the nano-scale 23-25 while maintaining high structural/chemical quality across the heterostructure. We've developed a low-tech, resist-and solvent-free technological process that can craft nanopillar devices from entire in-situ grown heterostructures, and use it to study magnetotransport between two Fe and Co ferromagnetic electrodes across a functional magnetic CoPc molecular layer 26,27. We observe how spin-flip transport across CoPc molecular spin chains promotes a specific magnetoresistance effect, and alters the nanojunction's magnetism through spintronic anisotropy 28. In the process, we identify three magnetic units along the effective nanotransport path thanks to a macrospin model of magnetotransport. Our work elegantly connects the until now loosely associated concepts of spin-flip spectroscopy 2,3 , magnetic exchange bias 29,30 and magnetotransport 24,25 due to molecular spin chains, within a solid-state device. We notably measure a 5.9meV energy threshold for magnetic decoupling between the Fe layer's buried atoms and those in contact with the CoPc layer forming the so-called 'spinterface' 16. This provides a first insight into the experimental energetics of this promising low-power information encoding unit 31.

Experiments and theory are reexamining how the laws of thermodynamics are expressed in a quantum world. Most quantum thermodynamics research is performed at sub-Kelvin temperatures to prevent thermal fluctuations from smearing the quantum engine's discrete energy levels that mediate the asymmetric shuffling of electrons between the electrodes. Meanwhile, several groups report that building an electron-spin based implementation by placing the discrete spin states of paramagnetic centers between ferromagnetic electrodes can not only overcome this drawback, but also induce a net electrical power output despite an apparent thermal equilibrium. We illustrate this thermodynamics conundrum through measurements on several devices of large output power, which endures beyond room temperature. We've inserted the Co paramagnetic center in Co phthalocyanine molecules between electron spin-selecting Fe/C60 interfaces within vertical molecular nanojunctions. We observe output power as high as 450nW(24nW) at 40K(360K), which leapfrogs previous results, as well as classical spintronic energy harvesting strategies involving a thermal gradient. Our data links magnetic correlations between the fluctuating paramagnetic centers and output power. This device class also behaves as a spintronically controlled switch of current flow, and of its direction. We discuss the conceptual challenges raised by these measurements. Better understanding the phenomenon and further developing this technology could help accelerate the transition to clean energy. Abstract (150 words) Several experiments have suggested that building a quantum engine using the electron spin enables the harvesting of thermal fluctuations on paramagnetic centers even though the device is at thermal equilibrium. We illustrate this thermodynamics conundrum through measurements on several devices of large output power, which endures beyond room temperature. We've inserted the Co paramagnetic center in Co phthalocyanine molecules between electron spin-selecting Fe/C60 interfaces within vertical molecular nanojunctions. We observe output power as high as 450nW(24nW) at 40K(360K), which leapfrogs previous results, as well as classical spintronic energy harvesting strategies involving a thermal gradient. Our data links magnetic correlations between the fluctuating paramagnetic centers and output power. This device class also behaves as a spintronically controlled switch of current flow, and of its direction. We discuss the

The objective was to investigate the influence of progesterone exposure time and breeding time on fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols using sex-sorted semen in Angus-cross heifers (n = 85; mean BW = 324 kg.). Heifers were assigned randomly into four treatment groups. Treatments 1 and 2 used a 6-day CO-synch + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) administration and CIDR insertion on day 0 and prostaglandin F2α (PGF) administration on day 6, upon simultaneous CIDR removal. Treatment 1 heifers underwent FTAI 72 h post CIDR removal, and Treatment 2 heifers underwent FTAI 80 h post CIDR removal. Treatments 3 and 4 used a 7-d CO-synch + CIDR protocol with GnRH administration and CIDR insertion on d 0 and PGF administration on d 7, upon simultaneous CIDR removal. Treatment 3 heifers underwent FTAI 54 h post CIDR removal, and Treatment 4 heifers underwent FTAI 62 h post CIDR removal. Estrus expression was determined using an estrus detection patch (Estrotect™, Rockway Inc., Spring Valley, WI). Estrus expression was classified as a patch with 50% or more of the color rubbed off and the absence of estrus expression as a patch with less than 50% of the color rubbed off. All heifers were inseminated using female sex-sorted semen from a single Angus sire (SexedULTRA 4M™, STgenetics, Navasota, TX). Pregnancy was determined by ultrasound 57 d following FTAI. Pregnancy rates and patch scores were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 with treatment as a fixed effect. There was no effect of treatment on the first service AI rates (P = 0.91) or on estrus expression (P = 0.17) in heifers. In conclusion, the combinations of progesterone and breeding time in this study did not affect first service AI conception rates or estrus expression in beef cattle heifers.

Nanoscale drug delivery systems exhibit a broad range of applications and promising treatment possibilities for various medical conditions. Nanomedicine is of great interest, particularly for rare diseases still lacking a curative treatment such as cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is defined by a lack of Cl− secretion through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and an increased Na+ absorption mediated by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The imbalanced ion and water transport leads to pathological changes in many organs, particularly in the lung. We developed a non-viral delivery system based on the natural aminopolysaccharide chitosan (CS) for the transport of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) against ENaC to specifically address Na+ hyperabsorption. CS–ASO electrostatic self-assembled nanocomplexes were formed at varying positive/negative (P/N) charge ratios and characterized for their physicochemical properties. Most promising nanocomplexes (P/N 90) displayed an average size of ~150 nm and a zeta potential of ~+30 mV. Successful uptake of the nanocomplexes by the human airway epithelial cell line NCI-H441 was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Functional Ussing chamber measurements of transfected NCI-H441 cells showed significantly decreased Na+ currents, indicating successful downregulation of ENaC. The results obtained confirm the promising characteristics of CS as a non-viral and non-toxic delivery system and demonstrate the encouraging possibility to target ENaC with ASOs to treat abnormal ion transport in CF.

Sperm of some species form motile, coordinated groups as they migrate through the female reproductive tract to the site of fertilization. This collective motion is predicted to improve sperm swimming performance and therefore may be beneficial in a competitive context, but limited evidence supports this theory. Here we examine sperm aggregates across closely-related species of Peromyscus mice that naturally vary by mating system, and thus sperm competition intensity. We find that phylogenetic history predicts the likelihood that sperm will aggregate, and that relative testis size is negatively associated with variation in number of aggregated cells, suggesting that sperm competition has a stabilizing effect on sperm group size. Moreover, we show that sperm aggregates are kinematically beneficial for some species but costly for others, and these differences are largely dependent on the orientation and composition of sperm within the groups. In addition, when we compared sperm of the two sister-species that aggregate most frequently, we find that sperm from the species that evolved under intense sperm competition forms aggregates with more efficient geometry more frequently than sperm from its monogamous congener. These results are consistent with the prediction that sperm aggregation evolved to improve motility in a competitive context; however, when monogamy evolved secondarily, relaxed sexual selection allowed for less efficient strategies to persist. Together, our findings in Peromyscus reveal that collective sperm behavior is likely to evolve rapidly and is shaped by changes in the selective regime.

This chapter explores the tension between national and international operatic repertories in the case of nineteenth-century Russia. It discusses conceptual problems associated with the notion of a national canon, which is frequently conceived of in a binary opposition to an international or universal one. The discussion of Russian musical life charts the reception of foreign repertories as well as the canonization of Mikhail Glinka’s operas Zhizn’ za tsarya (A life for the tsar, 1836) and Ruslan i Lyudmila (Ruslan and Lyudmila, 1842), and concludes by showing how the tensions between foreign and domestic works played out differently in critical and historical writing from the way they did in the performing repertory. This chapter is paired with William Weber’s “The survival of English opera in nineteenth-century concert life.”

An appropriate antibiotherapy is crucial for the safety and recovery of patients. Depending on the clinical conditions of patients, the required dose to effectively eradicate an infection may vary. An inadequate dosing not only reduces the efficacy of the antibiotic, but also promotes the emergence of antimicrobial resistances. Therefore, a personalized therapy is of great interest for improved patients’ outcome and will reduce in long-term the prevalence of multidrug-resistances. In this context, on-site monitoring of the antibiotic blood concentration is fundamental to facilitate an individual adjustment of the antibiotherapy. Herein, we present a bioinspired approach for the bedside monitoring of free accessible ß-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins (piperacillin) and cephalosporins (cefuroxime and cefazolin) in untreated plasma samples. The introduced system combines a disposable microfluidic chip with a naturally occurring penicillin-binding protein, resulting in a high-performance platform, capable of gauging very low antibiotic concentrations (less than 6 ng ml−1) from only 1 µl of serum. The system’s applicability to a personalized antibiotherapy was successfully demonstrated by monitoring the pharmacokinetics of patients, treated with ß-lactam antibiotics, undergoing surgery.

We present results of our investigations on nickel (Ni) silicidation of top-down fabricated silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Control over the silicidation process is important for the applications of SiNWs in reconfigurable field effect transistors (RFETs). Silicidation is performed using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process on the SiNWs fabricated by electron beam lithography (EBL) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. The effect of variations in crystallographic orientations of SiNWs and different NW designs on the silicidation process is studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are done to study Ni diffusion, silicide phases and silicide-silicon interface. Control over the silicide phase is achieved together with atomically sharp interfaces between the silicide and silicon. We find that {111} interfaces are predominantly formed, which are energetically most favorable according to density functional theory calculations. However, control over the silicide length remains a challenge.

Hintergrund: Public Health Care Interventionen mit intendierter Verhaltensänderung, z.B. Kampagnen zum rationalen Antibiotikaeinsatz, sind häufig. Diese Interventionen nutzen oftmals eine Distribution über Multiplikatoren im medizinischen Bereich. Die gängigen eingesetzten Items,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 17. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung (DKVF)

We report on the performance of the capacitive gap-sensing system of the Gravitational Reference Sensor on board the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. From in-flight measurements, the system has demonstrated a performance, down to 1 mHz, that is ranging between 0.7 and \ud 1.8\ud \ud \ud aF\ud \ud Hz\ud −\ud 1\ud /\ud 2\ud . That translates into a sensing noise of the test mass motion within 1.2 and \ud 2.4\ud \ud nm\ud \ud Hz\ud −\ud 1\ud /\ud 2\ud in displacement and within 83 and \ud 170\ud \ud nrad\ud \ud Hz\ud −\ud 1\ud /\ud 2\ud in rotation. This matches the performance goals for LISA Pathfinder, and it allows the successful implementation of the gravitational waves observatory LISA. A \ud 1\ud /\ud f\ud tail has been observed for frequencies below 1 mHz, the tail has been investigated in detail with dedicated in-flight measurements, and a model is presented in the paper. A projection of such noise to frequencies below 0.1 mHz shows that an improvement of performance at those frequencies is desirable for the next generation of gravitational reference sensors for space-borne gravitational waves observation.

From basic physical assumptions we derive a simple linear model of the global CO2 cycle without free parameters. It yields excellent agreement with the observations reported by the carbon dioxide information analysis center (CDIAC) as time series of atmospheric CO2 growth, of sinks in the ocean and of absorption by the biosphere. The agreement extends from the year 1850 until present (2013). Based on anthropogenic CO2 emission scenarios until 2150, future atmospheric CO2 concentrations are calculated. As the model shows, and depending on the emission scenario, the airborne fraction of CO2 begins to decrease in the year ~ 2050 and becomes negative at the latest in ~ 2130. At the same time the concentration of the atmospheric CO2 will reach a maximum between ~ 500 and ~ 900 ppm. As a consequence, increasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions will make the ocean and the biosphere the main reservoirs of anthropogenic CO2 in the long run. Latest in about 150 years, anthropogenic CO2 emission will no longer increase the CO2 content of the atmosphere.

This study was funded by Penumbra, inc (9508). Competing interests The following investigators report financial conflicts with this study: Ps reports being a consultant for Penumbra and stryker, and receiving research support from Penumbra, Philips, and siemens. rP reports proctoring and consulting for Medtronic, Penumbra, and implemed. WW reports a proctor agreement with Microvention/Terumo, Medtronic, and Phenox, and being a consultant with Penumbra (speaker and chairman fees). JF reports being a consultant for Penumbra, acandis, Boehringer ingelheim, cerenovus, covidien, Medtronic, Microvention, route92, and stryker, and receiving research support from the german Ministry of science and education (BMBF), german Ministry of economy and innovation (BMWi), german research Foundation (DFg), european Union (eU), hamburgische investitions-und Förderbank (iFB), Medtronic, Microvention, Philips, and stryker. PM reports speaker and consulting fees from Medtronic, used for stroke education. TK and VMP received funding from the sponsor for imaging core lab oratory activities. VMP reports being a consultant for Penumbra (PrOMise study), Medtronic, stryker, and neurovasc. lP received funding from Penumbra for cec activities and is a consultant for Balt, cerenovus/neuravi, and Microvention. Background and purpose The recent randomized trials demonstrated the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke therapy. However, treatment using different strategies is an ongoing area of investigation. The PROMISE study analyzed the safety and effectiveness of the Penumbra System with the ACE68 and ACE64 reperfusion catheters in aspiration thrombectomy of stroke, using A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT). Methods PROMISE was a prospective study which enrolled 204 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke in 20 centers from February 2016 to May 2017. Initial treatment was with the ACE68/ACE64 catheters within 6 hours of symptom onset. Imaging and safety review was performed by an independent Core Laboratory and a Clinical Events Committee. The primary angiographic outcome was revascularization to mTICI 2b-3 at immediate post-procedure and the primary clinical outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2. Safety assessment included device-and procedure-related serious adverse events (SAEs), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), mortality, and embolization of new territory (ENT). Results Enrolled patients had a median age of 74 (IQR 65-80) years and a median admission NIHSS of 16 (IQR 11-20). The post-procedure mTICI 2b-3 revascularization rate was 93.1% and the 90-day mRS 0-2 rate was 61%. Device-and procedure-related SAEs at 24 hours occurred in 1.5% and 3.4%, respectively, 90-day mortality was 7.5%, sICH occurred in 2.9% while ENT occurred in 1.5%. Conclusions For frontline therapy of LVO stroke, the ACE68/ACE64 catheters for aspiration thrombectomy were found to be safe and showed similar efficacy to randomized trials using other revascularization techniques. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02678169; Pre-results.

35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1828-1832, With its award for Building Integrated Solar Technology, the Bavarian Association for the Promotion of Solar Energy honours outstanding contributions to the planning and design of building-integrated solar systems in high-quality architecture. 134 projects from 26 countries were initially registered for the 2017 Architecture Award, 119 projects were presented to the jury. The German-speaking region of the entries makes up roughly 77 %. However, there is a growing number of participants especially from Scandinavia and the Benelux countries. Within the 117 projects evaluated, housing construction continues to account for the largest share with 43 %, whereby a good 60 % were for detached and semi-detached homes. There continues to be a clear increase in projects in the non-residential sector. The awarded competition entries show the huge potential of coherent integrated solar technology as a part of advanced architectural and energy technical building concepts. There were many high quality solutions, an extraordinary contribution to the task field in constructing buildings in rural areas has won the first prize.

Purpose: 2-(p-Methylaminophenyl)-7-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy) imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole (18F-FIBT) has been reported as a promising marker for imaging cerebral amyloid deposition using PET. For further clinical integration, the imaging protocol and corresponding evaluation method are compared with 11C-PiB and optimized in this pilot study. Methods: Six patients with different clinical-pathophysiological phenotypes underwent dynamic PET imaging for 90 min in Siemens Biograph mMR. For the comparison of different calculation methods, the patients imaged with dynamic 18F-FIBT were compared to four patients scanned with dynamic 11C-PiB. For the comparison of SUVRs, each case imaged with 18F-FIBT was compared to a group of matched patients (five patients/group) imaged with 11C-PiB. The image data were spatially normalized based on MRI using PMOD. Images were analyzed by comparing standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR), binding potentials (BP) obtained using reference tissue model, and distribution volume ratio (DVR). Cerebellum was selected as reference tissue region. The effect of MRI-based partial volume correction (PVC) on interpretation was also compared. Results: Specific binding was detected in the cases with underlying AD pathology. The intensities of BP and SUVR were associated with clinical severity for 18F-FIBT, which was not observed for 11C-PiB. SNRs were substantially higher in FIBT than in PiB imaging. The optimal imaging time for 18F-FIBT was found between 40-60 min. Cases with non-AD pathology did not show specific binding. BP has higher contrast than SUVR. However, SUVR is more consistent with the clinical interpretations. Conclusion: SUVRs PVC correction seemed to be an easy and robust analyzing technique, making FIBT a favorable amyloid marker for clinical routine.

The quantum mechanical tunnelling process conserves the quantum properties of the particle considered. As applied to solid-state tunnelling (SST), this physical law was verified, within the field of spintronics, regarding the electron spin in early experiments across Ge tunnel barriers, and in the 90s across Al2O3 barriers. The conservation of the quantum parameter of orbital occupancy, as grouped into electronic symmetries, was observed in the '00s across MgO barriers, followed by SrTiO3 (STO). Barrier defects, such as oxygen vacancies, partly conserve this electronic symmetry. In the solid-state, an additional subtlety is the sign of the charge carrier: are holes or electrons involved in transport? We demonstrate that SST across MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a large resistance-area (RA) product involves holes by examining how shifting the MTJ's Fermi level alters the ensuing barrier heights defined by the barrier's oxygen vacancies. In the process, we consolidate the description of tunnel barrier heights induced by specific oxygen-vacancy induced localized states. Our work opens prospects to understand the concurrent observation of high TMR and spin transfer torque across MgO-based nanopillars., 8 pages including 2 figures

Many abstracts of diagnostic accuracy studies are currently insufficiently informative. We extended the STARD (Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy) statement by developing a list of essential items that authors should consider when reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in journal or conference abstracts. After a literature review of published guidance for reporting biomedical studies, we identified 39 items potentially relevant to report in an abstract. We then selected essential items through a two round web based survey among the 85 members of the STARD Group, followed by discussions within an executive committee. Seventy three STARD Group members responded (86%), with 100% completion rate. STARD for Abstracts is a list of 11 quintessential items, to be reported in every abstract of a diagnostic accuracy study. We provide examples of complete reporting, and developed template text for writing informative abstracts.

Following the selection of The Gravitational Universe by ESA, and the successful flight of LISA Pathfinder, the LISA Consortium now proposes a 4 year mission in response to ESA's call for missions for L3. The observatory will be based on three arms with six active laser links, between three identical spacecraft in a triangular formation separated by 2.5 million km. LISA is an all-sky monitor and will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos using Gravitational Waves as new and unique messengers to unveil The Gravitational Universe. It provides the closest ever view of the infant Universe at TeV energy scales, has known sources in the form of verification binaries in the Milky Way, and can probe the entire Universe, from its smallest scales near the horizons of black holes, all the way to cosmological scales. The LISA mission will scan the entire sky as it follows behind the Earth in its orbit, obtaining both polarisations of the Gravitational Waves simultaneously, and will measure source parameters with astrophysically relevant sensitivity in a band from below $10^{-4}\,$Hz to above $10^{-1}\,$Hz.

33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2099-2104, Starting in the year 2000, the Bavarian Association for the Promotion of Solar Energy (SeV Bayern) has organized the competitions “Building-Integrated Solar Technology”. The aim of this award is to make exemplary solutions in qualitatively sophisticated architecture accessible to the greater public. Since the year 2000 seven competitions have been organized, with some 30 prize-winners. The awarded competition entries show the huge potential of coherent integrated solar technology (PV, but also solarthermal) as a part of advanced architectural and energy building concepts. The intension of the work is to illustrate how BIPV has changed within the last 17 years – by means of examples coming from the competitions.

An appropriate antibiotherapy is crucial for the safety and recovery of patients. Depending on the clinical conditions of patients, the required dose to effectively eradicate an infection may vary. An inadequate dosing not only reduces the efficacy of the antibiotic, but also promotes the emergence of antimicrobial resistances. Therefore, a personalized therapy is of great interest for improved patients’ outcome and will reduce in long-term the prevalence of multidrug-resistances. In this context, on-site monitoring of the antibiotic blood concentration is fundamental to facilitate an individual adjustment of the antibiotherapy. Herein, we present a bioinspired approach for the bedside monitoring of free accessible ß-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins (piperacillin) and cephalosporins (cefuroxime and cefazolin) in untreated plasma samples. The introduced system combines a disposable microfluidic chip with a naturally occurring penicillin-binding protein, resulting in a high-performance platform, capable of gauging very low antibiotic concentrations (less than 6 ng ml−1) from only 1 µl of serum. The system’s applicability to a personalized antibiotherapy was successfully demonstrated by monitoring the pharmacokinetics of patients, treated with ß-lactam antibiotics, undergoing surgery., Scientific Reports, 7, ISSN:2045-2322

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, encoding a member of the peroxisomal ABC transporter family. The ABCD1 protein transports CoA-activated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) into peroxisomes for degradation via β-oxidation. In the severest form, X-ALD patients suffer from inflammatory demyelination of the brain. As the extent of the metabolic defect in the main immune cells is unknown, we explored their phenotypes concerning mRNA expression pattern of the three peroxisomal ABC transporters, VLCFA accumulation and peroxisomal β-oxidation. In controls, ABCD1 expression was high in monocytes, intermediate in B cells and low in T cells; ABCD2 expression was extremely low in monocytes, intermediate in B cells and highest in T cells; ABCD3 mRNA was equally distributed. In X-ALD patients, the expression patterns remained unaltered; accordingly, monocytes, which lack compensatory VLCFA transport by ABCD2, displayed the severest biochemical phenotype with a 6-fold accumulation of C26:0 and a striking 70% reduction in peroxisomal β-oxidation activity. In contrast, VLCFA metabolism was close to control values in B cells and T cells, supporting the hypothesis that sufficient ABCD2 is present to compensate for ABCD1 deficiency. Thus, the vulnerability of the main immune cell types is highly variable in X-ALD. Based on these results, we propose that in X-ALD the halt of inflammation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation relies particularly on the replacement of the monocyte lineage. Additionally, these findings support the concept that ABCD2 is a target for pharmacological induction as an alternative therapeutic strategy.

Objective: Endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms remains challenging without the use of adjunctive devices to preserve the parent artery. We present our initial experience with a temporary bridging device, the Comaneci (Rapid Medical, Israel). The compliant remodeling mesh protects the parent[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)

Introduction: Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) has developed over the last years towards a new and relevant approach and option for immediate reconstructive surgery of the femal breast after cancer resection. OPS uses different well known plastic surgery techniques in breast surgery in a modified and adapted[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

The following work illustrates characterization of reconfigurable, undoped silicon nanowire field effect transistors with Schottky junctions fabricated on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate by top-down process. The fabrication scheme is based on electron beam lithography (EBL) using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), a negative tone electron beam resist, followed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. The etch recipe was optimised in context of selectivity, sidewall roughness and anisotropy by selecting an appropriate gas chemistry (SF6/C4F8) and controlling the ICP hardware parameters like gas flow, mixed gas ratio, plasma power and chamber pressure. We produced silicon nanowires of 20 nm width and nanowire arrays with pitch of 200 nm. 50 nm thick nickel (Ni) layer was sputtered on the SiNWs at lithographically defined areas followed by lift-off and thermal annealing to create Nickel-Silicide Schottky junctions inside the nanowires. In this way, the source and drain region was formed creating silicide-silicon-silicide contacts. Transport properties of these nanowires can be modulated from P-type to N-type and vice-versa by changing polarity of the back gate

We report on a new sensor platform for chemical sensing featuring 1024 individually addressable field-effect transistors (FETs), based on small bundles of nominally undoped Si nanowires (SiNWs). The SiNW devices are integrated directly on top of control and readout circuits fabricated in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The sensing mechanism is based on electrical field tuning of the conductivity through Schottky junctions at the metal/Si nanowire interfaces [1]. We show integration, electrical measurements and pH-sensing of a high-density array (≥100 devices/mm2) with a sensing area of 1 x 5μm2 per sensor element.

In the last 60 years the size of a transistor has been reduced from few centimeters to few nanometers. Smarter, faster and cheaper: these are the three factors that motivated the miniaturization crusade in the silicon chip industry. Now we reach the end of physical scaling and it is expected that future development will be based on new ideas1: (i) new materials (high-mobility channel materials accompanied by metal gates with high-k gate dielectrics), (ii) new architectures (e.g. 3D integration), (iii) new functionality (e.g. reconfigurability), (iv) new computation principles (e.g. spintronics, quantum computing), etc. In this work we deal with this problem by introducing reconfigurability in transistors. We report on characterization of reconfigurable, undoped silicon nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) with Schottky junctions fabricated on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates by an industry compatible top-down process. Reconfigurable transistors employ an axial nanowire heterostructure (metal/intrinsic-silicon/metal) with independent gating of the two Schottky junctions and can be reversely configured as p-FET or n-FET simply by the application of an electric signal2. The fabrication scheme is based on electron beam lithography (EBL) using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), a negative-tone electron beam resist, followed by inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) etching. The etch recipe was optimized with respect to selectivity, sidewall roughness and anisotropy by selecting an appropriate gas chemistry (SF6/C4F8) and controlling the ICP hardware parameters such as gas flow, mixed gas ratio, plasma power and chamber pressure. We produced silicon nanowires of 20 nm width and nanowire arrays with a pitch of ≈ 200 nm. A nickel (Ni) layer of 50 nm thickness was sputtered on the Si nanowires at lithographically defined areas followed by lift-off and thermal annealing to create nickel-silicide Schottky junctions inside the nanowires. In this way, the source and drain regions were formed creating silicide-silicon-silicide contacts. Diffusion of Ni in Si nanowires was precisely controlled by the radial crystal orientation of the nanowires, which was checked by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Schottky junctions were electrostatically modulated by a back gate potential. Transport properties of these nanowires could be switched from p-type to n-type and vice-versa by changing the polarity of the back gate. References 1. L. Risch, Solid-State Electronics. 50, 527 (2006). 2. A. Heinzig, T. Mikolajick, J. Trommer, D. Grimm and W. M. Weber, Nano Letters. 13, 4176 (2013).

Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies.

A 46-year-old woman was found to have localized lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma (low-malignancy non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Repeated recurrences required various chemotherapy courses with different drugs. Gamma heavy chains in serum and urine, as well as in blast cells in bone marrow, were first found 3 years later as part of a follow-up examination. When the lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma subsequently changed into a highly malignant disseminated large-cell lymphoma, the monoclonal gamma heavy chain-producing components no longer occurred. During continuing treatment and presumably selection of different cell clones the now terminal chemotherapy-resistant lymphoma again produced biclonal IgG heavy chains. The gamma heavy chain production added little to the histomorphological characterization of the underlying lymphoma, as well as its treatment and prognosis.

Molecular semiconductors may exhibit antiferromagnetic correlations well below room temperature. Although inorganic antiferromagnetic layers may exchange bias single-molecule magnets, the reciprocal effect of an antiferromagnetic molecular layer magnetically pinning an inorganic ferromagnetic layer through exchange bias has so far not been observed. We report on the magnetic interplay, extending beyond the interface, between a cobalt ferromagnetic layer and a paramagnetic organic manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) layer. These ferromagnetic/organic interfaces are called spinterfaces because spin polarization arises on them. The robust magnetism of the Co/MnPc spinterface stabilizes antiferromagnetic ordering at room temperature within subsequent MnPc monolayers away from the interface. The inferred magnetic coupling strength is much larger than that found in similar bulk, thin or ultrathin systems. In addition, at lower temperature, the antiferromagnetic MnPc layer induces an exchange bias on the Co film, which is magnetically pinned. These findings create new routes towards designing organic spintronic devices. Comment in : Molecular spintronics: A warm exchange. [Nat Mater. 2015]

31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2854-2856, The architectural award for building-integrated solar technology granted by the Bavarian Association for the Promotion of Solar Energy (abbreviated as SeV) in 2014, aims at promoting excellence in planning and designing of building-integrated solar power systems. This award makes accessible the exemplary solutions in qualitatively sophisticated architecture to the greater public. However, not only the architectural quality of the buildings should be considered, the energetic behavior of the building influenced by the building-integrated solar power systems, should be considered. For a few sample systems the energy system and the energy balance have been investigated. One large building acts as a power station and generates 260 % of the electric energy consumed inside. The other buildings generate within one year nearly the electric energy the building needs.

31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2882-2885, In the year 2014 it is the sixth time the Bavarian Association for the Promotion of Solar Energy (abbreviated as SeV) has sponsored a competition dedicated to integrating solar technology into architecture. This architectural award for building-integrated solar technology aims at promoting excellence in planning and designing of building-integrated solar power systems. This award makes accessible the exemplary solutions in qualitatively sophisticated architecture to the greater public. The entries submitted for the competition in 2014 show how architects have become increasingly interested in solar technology. Within the projects submitted, housing construction continues to make up the largest share with more than 35 percent, whereby almost three-quarters are detached and semi-detached homes. The other building types are largely distributed between industrial /commercial (15 per cent), administration (11 percent) and municipal buildings (10 percent), as well as schools/kindergarten (8 percent). The majority of submissions are new-build schemes, even if the refurbishment examples show that it is also possible to successfully integrate solar technology into existing roofs and facades.