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Objective: Side population (SP) cells may play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and the recurrence of cancer. Many kinds of cell lines and tissues have demonstrated the presence of SP cells, including several gastric cancer cell lines. This study is aimed to identify the cancer stem-like cells in the SP of gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. Methods: We used fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to sort SP cells in the human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN-45 (cells labeled with Hoechst 33342) and then characterized the cancer stem-like properties of SP cells. Results: This study found that the SP cells had higher clone formation efficiency than major population (MP) cells. Five stemness-related gene expression profiles, including OCT-4, SOX-2, NANOG, CD44, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters gene ABCG2, were tested in SP and MP cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot was used to show the difference of protein expression between SP and MP cells. Both results show that there was significantly higher protein expression in SP cells than in MP cells. When inoculated into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, SP cells show higher tumorigenesis tendency than MP cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that SP cells possess cancer stem cell properties and prove that SP cells from MKN-45 are gastric cancer stem-like cells.

This paper presents the necessity of reading recognition in calibration process of sound level meter, and analysis the problems of existing display reading algorithm, then presents a novel reading recognition system for sound level meter. The system find the position of number string by image difference and connective region analysis, and pre-process the image by local thresholding based on neighborhood averaging method, then recognizes the number by pattern grid and template matching. The system has the characteristics of rapid and accurate. The experiment shows the system is well competent for calibration work of sound level meter.

In OFDM-based UWB baseband, synchronizer plays a key role to the performance of the whole system. Therefore achieving an area and power efficient architecture at least SNR loss becomes the main challenge of synchronizer design. To meet 528 Msamples/s throughput, the parallel architecture is used in current approaches. But it leads to higher area and power consumption. In this paper, we propose an efficient synchronizer for OFDM-based UWB system, consisting of the filter-free symbol synchronizer, frequency synchronizer with improved Moose algorithm and sign-based auto-correlator. According to the results of synthesis using SMIC, 0.13 mum CMOS process, the proposed design can achieve the throughput requirement with only 24% gate count and 25% power consumption (in idle state) of the conventional four-parallelism approach.

An optimum design of decision feedback equalizer (DFE) used in Ethernet is presented. This paper proposes two improving measures for physical implementation - the hybrid form and the coefficient updating unit sharing. According to the results of synthesis using SMIC, 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process, the speed, area and power consumption of the improved DFE is optimized by 16%, 36% and 39% compared with the transposed form implementation.