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Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of patients providing samples for RNA-Seq. Table S2. Characteristics of patients providing samples for Western blotting. Table S3. Characteristics of patients providing samples for IHC. Table S4. Characteristics of patients providing samples for RT-qPCR. Fig. S1. ASPA is down-regulated in PCa patients. Fig. S2. ASPA overexpression inhibits DU145 cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Fig. S3. ASPA knockdown promotes DU145 cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Fig. S4. ASPA negatively regulates JNK1/2-C-Jun activity in PC-3 cells. Fig. S5. LYN mediates the function of ASPA in PC-3 cells.

Additional file 1. Classification criterion of NMIBC

Additional file 1. Conflict of interest statement form.

Additional file 2. Literature retrieval strategy.

Additional file 3. Results of meta-analyses

Additional file 3. Table of Enablers for guideline implementation in all respondents.

Additional file 2. Table of Knowledge scores of key methodology for developing guidelines.

Additional file 1. The survey questionnaire.

Additional file 2. Fig. S1. Percentage of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs for genitourinary cancers in 1990 and 2019. a Incident cases. b Deaths. c DALYs. DALYs disability-adjusted life-years. Fig. S2. Global ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of genitourinary cancers from 1990 to 2019. a ASIR. b ASMR. c ASDR. ASIR age-standardized incidence rate, ASMR age-standardized mortality rate, ASDR age-standardized DALYs rate, DALYs disability-adjusted life-years. Fig. S3. EAPC of ASMR for genitourinary cancers in global and 21 regions. a Kidney cancer. b Bladder cancer. c Prostate cancer. ASMR age-standardized mortality rate, EAPC estimated annual percentage change. Fig. S4. EAPC of ASDR for genitourinary cancers in global and 21 regions. a Kidney cancer. b Bladder cancer. c Prostate cancer. ASDR age-standardized DALYs rate, EAPC estimated annual percentage change. Fig. S5. Burden of kidney cancer by SDI quintile from 1990 to 2019. DALYs disability-adjusted life-years, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S6. Burden of bladder cancer by SDI quintile from 1990 to 2019. DALYs disability-adjusted life-years, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S7. Burden of prostate cancer by SDI quintile from 1990 to 2019. DALYs disability-adjusted life-years, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S8. ASMR of kidney cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASMR age-standardized mortality rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S9. ASDR of kidney cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASDR age-standardized DALYs rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S10. ASIR of bladder cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASIR age-standardized incidence rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S11. ASIR of prostate cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASIR age-standardized incidence rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S12. ASMR of bladder cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASMR age-standardized mortality rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S13. ASDR of bladder cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASDR age-standardized DALYs rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S14. ASMR of prostate cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASMR age-standardized mortality rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S15. ASDR of prostate cancer for 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. a 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2019. b 204 countries and territories by SDI in 2019. ASDR age-standardized DALYs rate, SDI sociodemographic index. Fig. S16. Global incidence, mortality, and DALYs of bladder cancer by age and sex in 2019. DALYs disability-adjusted life-years. Fig. S17. Global incidence, mortality, and DALYs of prostate cancer by age and sex in 2019. DALYs disability-adjusted life-years.

Additional file 1. Appendix 1 Questionnaire.

The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of collagen type V alpha 2 chain (COL5A2) and clinical outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. Chi-square test and log-rank-based survival analysis were performed to assess the correlation of COL5A2 expression with clinical characteristics and survivals of patients with bladder cancer using GSE13507. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to study the relevant mechanisms. Bladder cancer patients in COL5A2 low expression group were associated with better invasiveness (P

Objective Video-based teaching is considered highly effective in debriefing, especially in minimally invasive surgeries. In this study, the benefits of using a new integrated video recording system, were investigated and compared to those of the standard basic skills robotic training procedure. Design Fifty residents from the 2nd and 3rd year medical faculty without any experience of robot usage or laparoscopy were randomized into 2 groups: group A––a natural self-training group without a trainer, and group B––a self-training group assisted by an integrated video recording system during training. The training was divided into four 2-hour sessions, with a 72-hour delay between each session. Two tasks were selected for testing on the dV-Trainer, a virtual reality based robotic simulator: Match board 2 and Thread the Rings 1. After each session, the practice video recorded by the system of group B was transferred to the residents’ smartphones for self-debriefing. At the end of each session, the performance score was evaluated automatically by using the simulator to plot learning curves A and B. Results Group A showed a significant drop in performance score due to skill decay caused by the 72-hour delay. Group B exhibited a regular stepwise rising learning curve. At the end of the training, group B showed a significantly higher performance score both in Match board 2 and Thread the Rings 1. The autoanalysis and capture function, which selects only the critical errors and most valuable parts, could facilitate time saving. Conclusions The use of an integrated video recording system makes the self-manipulated protocol with own smartphone feasible to improve training efficiency and overcome the skill decay during robotic surgical training.

The pathogenetic mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa) has not been understood completely, and gene polymorphisms have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the course. It has been reported that rs9282858 polymorphism of steroid 5-α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) may affect the susceptibility of PCa, but some researches showed different results. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to clarify this relationship. Relevant studies were identified through PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases concerning the association between SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism and PCa. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed based on ethnicity and source of control. Besides, heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias evaluation were conducted in current meta-analysis as well. Ultimately, 20 publications incorporating 30 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving a total of 7300 cases and 7952 controls. The overall results demonstrated that SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism was remarkably associated with increased susceptibility of PCa (TT vs. AA: OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.94–8.58; TT + AT vs. AA: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.11–1.47; TT vs. AA + AT: OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 2.12–9.27; allele T vs. allele A: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.17–1.54). After subgroup analyses by ethnicity and source of control, we also observed a similar trend in Latinos, other-ethnicity, population-based, and hospital-based groups under corresponding genetic models. Our findings indicate that SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism may be a susceptible factor to PCa.