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Additional file 1.

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Cumulative meta-analysis.

Additional file 7: Table S4. study characteristics for each trial with tDCS + medication therapy. S4. The list of included studies: tDCS + medication therapy. S5. Further investigation of tDCS + medication therapy. Figure S6. The influence of therapies of tDCS plus SSRIs only or SSRIs with other medications on unipolar depression or bipolar disorder.

Additional file 1: S1. The list of excluded studies by full-text assessment and the reasons. S2. The list of included studies.

Additional file 4: Table S1. Univariable meta-regression for score and acceptability.

Additional file 5: Figure S3. Influence analyses with random models (a) depression score by Hedges; (b) acceptability by OR; (c) response by OR; (d) remission by OR. Table S2. Results of influence analyses with random models (a) primary outcomes; (b) secondary outcomes. Figure S4. Meta-analysis (excluded high risk trials).

Additional file 2: S3. Supporting statements. Figure S1. Risk of bias.

Additional file 6: Figure S5. Funnel plots by treatment strategy (a) depression score; (b) acceptability; (c) response rate; (d) remission rate. Table S3. Egger���s test for each outcome.

Objective. Respiratory abnormalities such as upper airway obstruction are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. We tested the effect of pedunculopontine region (PPNr) stimulation on respiratory maneuvers in human participants with PD, and separately recorded PPNr neural activity reflected in the local field potential (LFP) during these maneuvers. Methods. Nine patients with deep brain stimulation electrodes in PPNr, and seven in globus pallidus interna (GPi) were studied during trials of maximal inspiration followed by forced expiration with stimulation OFF and ON. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in the unstimulated condition. Results. PEFR increased from 6.41 ± 0.63 L/sec in the OFF stimulation state to 7.5 L ± 0.65 L/sec in the ON stimulation state (z = −2.666, df = 8, P = 0.024). Percentage improvement in PEFR was strongly correlated with proximity of the stimulated electrode contact to the mesencephalic locomotor region in the rostral PPN (r = 0.814, n = 9, P = 0.008). Mean PPNr LFP power increased within the alpha band (7–11 Hz) during forced respiratory maneuvers (1.63 ± 0.16 μV2/Hz) compared to resting breathing (0.77 ± 0.16 μV2/Hz; z = −2.197, df = 6, P = 0.028). No changes in alpha activity or spirometric indices were seen with GPi recording or stimulation. Percentage improvement in PEFR was strongly positively correlated with increase in alpha power (r = 0.653, n = 14 (7 PPNr patients recorded bilaterally), P = 0.0096). Interpretation. PPNr stimulation in PD improves indices of upper airway function. Increased alpha‐band activity is seen within the PPNr during forced respiratory maneuvers. Our findings suggest a link between the PPNr and respiratory performance in PD.

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has increasinglybeen used as a tool in signal processing in the last years, butit has not been used in the cochlear implants (CIs). Toimprove the performance of CIs in noisy environments, anovel sparse strategy is proposed by applying NMF onenvelops of 22 channels. In the new algorithm, the noisyspeech is first transferred to the time-frequency domain viaa 22- channel filter bank and the envelope in each frequencychannel is extracted; secondly, NMF is applied to theenvelope matrix (envelopegram); finally, the sparsitycondition is applied to the coefficient matrix to get moresparse representation. Speech reception threshold (SRT)subjective experiment was performed in combination withfive objective measurements in order to choose the properparameters for the sparse NMF model. QC 20121120

The dysfunction of subthalamic nucleus is the core to Parkinson's disease. Local field potentials in human subthalamic nucleus contain rich physiological information. The study aimed to quantify the oscillatory and dynamic characteristics of local field potentials of subthalamic nucleus, and their modulation by the medication therapy for Parkinson's disease. The subthalamic nucleus local field potentials were recorded from 17 patients with Parkinson's disease at the states of on and off medication. The oscillatory features were characteristic with the power spectral analysis. Furthermore, the dynamic features were characteristic with time-frequency analysis and the coefficient of variation measure of the time-variant power at each frequency. There was a dominant peak at low beta band (13-19 Hz) with medication off. The medication significantly suppressed the low beta component and increased the theta component (4-6 Hz) (P

Funder: Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities, Plan 111 (No. B18015). National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1312900)., Emerging evidence shows that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is negatively affecting mental health around the globe. Interventions to alleviate the psychological impact of the pandemic are urgently needed. Whether mindfulness practice may protect against the harmful emotional effects of a pandemic crisis remains hitherto unknown. We investigated the influence of mindfulness training on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We hypothesized that mindfulness practitioners might manifest less pandemic-related distress, depression, anxiety, and stress than non-practitioners and that more frequent practice would be associated with an improvement in mental health during the pandemic. Therefore, we assessed pandemic-related distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the frequency of meditation practice at the peak of new infections (Feb 4–5; N = 673) and three weeks later (Feb 29–30; N = 521) in mindfulness practitioners via online questionnaires. Self-reported symptoms were also collected from non-practitioners at peak time only (N = 1550). We found lower scores of pandemic-related distress in mindfulness practitioners compared to non-practitioners. In general, older participants showed fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety. In younger practitioners, pandemic-related distress decreased from peak to follow-up. Importantly, increased mindfulness training during the preceding two weeks was associated with lower scores of depression and anxiety at both assessments. Likewise, practice frequency predicted individual improvement in scores of depression, anxiety, and stress at follow-up. Our results indicate that mindfulness meditation might be a viable low-cost intervention to mitigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis and future pandemics.