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In situ measurements from sparsely distributed networks worldwide are a valuable source of the reference data for validating or correcting the bias of satellite products. However, the significant differences in spatial scale between in situ and satellite measurements make them incomparable except for that the underlying surface of in situ sites is absolutely homogeneous. Instead, in site measurements need to be upscaled to be matched with satellite pixel. Based on the upscaling model we proposed as well as the consideration that in-situ observation generally lacks spatial representativeness due to the widely distributed spatial heterogeneity, we have developed a coarse pixel-scale ground "truth" dataset based on ground measurements of 368 in situ sites from the sparsely distributed observation networks. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the dataset was carefully evaluated over the sites with different degrees of spatial representativeness. The results demonstrate that using this dataset in validation outperforms the direct comparison between satellite and in situ site measurements. The accuracy of the reference data employed for validation or bias correction can be enhanced by 3.5 % overall with this dataset. But the performance of the dataset show dependence on the degree of spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, the improvement of accuracy was the most significant over the regions with strong spatial heterogeneity, with the accuracy of reference data enhanced by 7.3 %. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is unique in providing coarse pixel scale ground truth with the widest spatial distribution and longest time series. Its ability to capture both spatial and temporal variations of surface albedo at coarse spatial scales makes it an invaluable resource for validating and correcting global surface albedo products.

With the development of robotics, ground robots are no longer limited to planar motion. Passive height variation due to complex terrain and active height control provided by special structures on robots require a more general navigation planning framework beyond 2D. Existing methods rarely considers both simultaneously, limiting the capabilities and applications of ground robots. In this paper, we proposed an optimization-based planning framework for ground robots considering both active and passive height changes on the z-axis. The proposed planner first constructs a penalty field for chassis motion constraints defined in R3 such that the optimal solution space of the trajectory is continuous, resulting in a high-quality smooth chassis trajectory. Also, by constructing custom constraints in the z-axis direction, it is possible to plan trajectories for different types of ground robots which have z-axis degree of freedom. We performed simulations and realworld experiments to verify the efficiency and trajectory quality of our algorithm.

Mingxiang Huang,1,* Yaoju Tan,2,* Xuxia Zhang,3,* Yufeng Wang,3 Biyi Su,2 Zhongtan Xue,3 Jingping Wang,4 Yu Pang3 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital and Fujian Medical University Clinical Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu Pang,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-10-8950 9359, Email pangyupound@163.com;Jingping Wang,Clinical Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-10-8950 9029, Email 13641335712@163.comBackground: Correct species identification is essential before initiation of TB treatment, due to substantial drug susceptibility profile differences among mycobacterial species. Given that nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are frequently resistant to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, cases with mixed infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and NTM tend to be diagnosed as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases. Here we report results of a retrospective multicentre study that was conducted to determine the prevalence of TB-NTM infections in previously diagnosed laboratory-confirmed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients using phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. The results were then used to identify risk factors associated with susceptibility to mixed infections.Methods: From January 2019 through December 2019, we retrospectively collected MDR-TB isolates from three TB specialised hospitals. Species identifications of isolates were performed using the MeltPro Myco assay.Results: A total of 837 MDR-TB isolates were analysed, of which 22 isolates (2.6%) were found to contain a mixture of NTM and MTB organisms. Significant differences in prevalence rates of mixed infections across regions were observed, with prevalence rates ranging from 0.0% (0/213) in Beijing to 3.4% (12/353) in Fuzhou to 3.7% (10/271) in Guangzhou. Among the 22 patients with NTM-TB mixed infections, a total of five different mycobacterial species were identified, of which the most prevalent species was Mycobacterium intracellulare. Notably, a history of previous TB episodes correlated with higher mixed infection risk.Conclusion: The results reported here demonstrated that mixed infections with MTB and NTM occurred in approximately 3% of suspected MDR-TB patients in China. These findings raise concerns about the accuracy of molecular diagnostics-based species identification tests and draw attention to the possibility that NTM-MTB mixed infections will be misdiagnosed as MDR-TB in high TB burden settings.Keywords: tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria, multidrug-resistant, China

Sleep is essential for the body’s repair and recovery, including supplementation with antioxidants to maintain the balance of the body’s redox state. Changes in sleep patterns have been reported to alter this repair function, leading to changes in disease susceptibility or behavior. Here, we recruited healthy male physicians and measured the extent of the effect of overnight sleep deprivation (SD) and recovery sleep (RS) on nociceptive thresholds and systemic (plasma-derived) redox metabolism, namely, the major antioxidants glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Twenty subjects underwent morning measurements before and after overnight total SD and RS. We found that one night of SD can lead to increased nociceptive hypersensitivity and the pain scores of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and that one night of RS can reverse this change. Pre- and post-SD biochemical assays showed an increase in MDA levels and CAT activity and a decrease in GSH levels and SOD activity after overnight SD. Biochemical assays before and after RS showed a partial recovery of MDA levels and a basic recovery of CAT activity to baseline levels. An animal study showed that SD can cause a significant decrease in the paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency in rats, and after 4 days of unrestricted sleep, pain thresholds can be restored to normal. We performed proteomics in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and showed that 37 proteins were significantly altered after 6 days of SD. Current findings showed that SD causes nociceptive hyperalgesia and oxidative stress, and RS can restore pain thresholds and repair oxidative stress damage in the body. However, one night of RS is not enough for repairing oxidative stress damage in the human body.

Robot swarm is a hot spot in robotic research community. In this paper, we propose a decentralized framework for car-like robotic swarm which is capable of real-time planning in cluttered environments. In this system, path finding is guided by environmental topology information to avoid frequent topological change, and search-based speed planning is leveraged to escape from infeasible initial value's local minima. Then spatial-temporal optimization is employed to generate a safe, smooth and dynamically feasible trajectory. During optimization, the trajectory is discretized by fixed time steps. Penalty is imposed on the signed distance between agents to realize collision avoidance, and differential flatness cooperated with limitation on front steer angle satisfies the non-holonomic constraints. With trajectories broadcast to the wireless network, agents are able to check and prevent potential collisions. We validate the robustness of our system in simulation and real-world experiments. Code will be released as open-source packages., Comment: Accepted by IROS 2023

Purpose In an effort to protect health care workers at the beginning and end of oral and maxillofacial surgeries, we describe a negative-pressure intubation hood (NPIH) designed to reduce the risk aerosol exposure from fiberoptic intubation (FOI) and extubation. This design is especially important during the Coronavirus disease 2019 era, as it provides greater protection from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 during FOI and extubation, which are some of the most high-risk, aerosol generating procedures of oral and maxillofacial surgery cases. Materials and Methods This article describes the step-by-step process of assembling a NPIH for FOI using various supplies found commonly in hospitals and surrounding community retail stores, which include transparent medical dressings, equipment covers, intravenous pole clips, polyvinylchloride pipes and adaptors, copper pipe, and a Buffalo smoke evacuator. We then discuss how to create access ports for the anesthesiologist to insert their arms and FOI instrumentation and provide a demonstration of us using the hood with a manikin on an operating room table. Results This study successfully demonstrates a novel technique for performing FOI in a NIPH assembled from basic supplies found commonly among hospital and community retail stores. Conclusions This NIPH for FOI is easily made and adaptable to operating room tables, and provides protection against aerosols generated from FOI and subsequent extubation during oral and maxillofacial surgeries.

Occurrence of lymphoma of the female genital tract (FGT) is extremely rare, and cohort studies on survival rates of affected patients are sparse. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the FGT. This study included 25 women diagnosed with lymphoma of the FGT. Their data on presenting pathological subtype, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and Ann Arbor staging, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, treatment, and survival time were collected. Among the 25 patients, the most prevalent histological subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (23/25). Tumors were most commonly located in the ovary (15/25), with the remainder located in the cervix (7/25) and uterine corpus (3/25). 76% of cases by Ann Arbor were stage III or IV, and 70% of cases by FIGO were stage III or IV. The overall median survival from diagnosis of lymphoma was estimated to be 71 months, with 3-year and 5-year survival rates of 92% and 80%, respectively. The FIGO and Ann Arbor staging and IPI score were significantly correlated with overall survival time.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the phenotype of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a novel pattern of tumor blood supply and associated with aggression and metastasis of TNBC. Previous studies have shown that both CSCs and EMT are associated with VM, although the underlying mechanism is yet unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CSC marker, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), EMT-related markers, including transcription factors (TFs) (Slug, Twist1, and ZEB1), and EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) in 137 TNBC. The expression of these markers was correlated to the clinicopathological features and VM channels of the tumors, including patient overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, the expression of EpCAM and EMT-related markers showed a positive correlation with distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). A significant association was noted between VM and histological grade (P = 0.007). Moreover, VM showed a significant positive correlation with EpCAM, EMT-associated TFs, and VE-cadherin expression in TNBC. Furthermore, binary logistic analysis showed that VM expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). In survival analysis, the overexpression of EpCAM and ZEB1 predicted a poor prognosis with respect to OS and DFS. In addition, the presence of VM was significantly associated with poor OS and DFS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that VM expression is an independent prognostic factor for TNBC patients. In summary, VM was confirmed as a potential biomarker for TNBC associated with poor clinical outcomes and tumor metastasis. This study also suggested that EpCAM protein might be involved in VM formation by EMT in TNBC.

Measurement of magnetostriction harmonics under stress is beneficial to clarify the relationship between magnetostriction and transformer noise. In this paper, a magntetostriction measuring system with small uncertainty is developed to measure the magnetostriction under a stress of ±20 MPa. The magnetostriction under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal flux densities can be measured by digital waveform control. The components of magnetostriction harmonics and specific power loss at different percentages of the third harmonic in flux density and phase delay of the third harmonic with respect to the fundamental harmonic are investigated.

Literaturstraße. Chinesisch-deutsche Zeitschrift für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft, Bd. 16 (2015)

A two-dimensional network compound [Ce(DMF) 4 (H 2 O)][α-BW,SUB>12O 40 ]·H 2 O·(HDMA) 2 (HDMA = protoned dimethylamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) was syn-thesized from a-H 5 BW 12 O 40 · n H 2 O, Ce(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O and DMF and characterized by IR, UV spectra and TG-DTA. The result of the X-ray single crystal diffraction indicates that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit cell dimensional: a = 1.1983(3), b = 2.4216(5), c = 1.9517(4) nm, β = 92.91(3)°, Z = 4, R 1 = 0.07710, wR 2 = 0.1416. Structural analysis indi-cates that every [Ce(DMF) 4 (H 2 O)] 3+ building block is surrounded by three adjacent [α-BW 12 O 40 ] 5- polyanions, meanwhile, every [α-BW 12 O 40 ] 5- polyanion interconnects with three neighboring [Ce(DMF) 4 (H 2 O)] 3+ subunits, by making use of which two-dimensional network structure can be constructed. The result of thermogravimetric analysis manifests that the title compound has two-stage weight loss and the decomposition tem-perature of the title polyanionic framework is 560℃. The electrochemical analysis shows the title polyanion has three-step redox processes in the pH = 4―7 media.

The aim of present analysis was to compare ischemic postconditioning (IPC) with remote ischemic conditioning (RIPC) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), a network meta-analysis was performed using a Bayesian approach. Published randomized controlled trials included either IPC or

International audience; The layered perovskite PrBaxCo2O5+δ (PBxCO, x = 0.90–1.0) oxides have been synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique, and evaluated as the potential cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Room temperature X-ray diffraction patterns show the orthorhombic structures which double the lattice parameters from the perovskite cell parameter as a ≈ ap, b ≈ ap and c ≈ 2ap (ap is the cell parameter of the primitive perovskite) in the Pmmm space group. There is a good chemical compatibility between the PBxCO cathode and the Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) electrolyte at 1000 °C. The electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of PBxCO are improved due to the increased amount of electronic holes originated from the Ba-deficiency. The results demonstrate the high electrochemical performance of PBxCO cathodes, as evidenced by the super low polarization resistances (Rp) over the intermediate temperature range. The lowest Rp value, 0.042 Ω cm2, and the cathodic overpotential, −15 mV at a current density of −25 mA cm−2, are obtained in the PrBa0.94Co2O5+δ cathode at 600 °C in air, which thus allow to be used as a highly promising cathode for IT-SOFCs. A CGO electrolyte fuel cell with the PrBa0.94Co2O5+δ cathode presents the attractive peak power density of ∼1.0 W cm−2 at 700 °C. Furthermore, the oxygen reduction kinetics of the PrBa0.94Co2O5+δ cathode is also studied, and the rate-limiting steps for oxygen reduction reaction are determined at different temperatures.

Objective Choosing chronic heart failure rats as starting point, to observe whether Autoantibodies against β 3 -adrenoceptor (β 3 AA) can reduce the susceptibility to myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury of heart failure rats, then to study whether β 3 AA have cardio protective effect to the heart failure rats. Methods β 3 AA was produced through actively immunised method; The level of β 3 AA in the sera was detected by ELISA, β 3 AA positive/negative IgG were purified by Mab Trap Kit (Amersham, USA), BCA Protein Assay kit (Pierce, USA) was used for protein quantitation, the purities of extractions were assessed by conventional SDS-PAGE; Aortic banding surgery was used to prepare the heart failure model, Ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, then loose the ligature for reperfusion 3 h to make the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, TTC coloration is used to detect the myocardial infarct sise, caspase 3 ability assay and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling were used to detect the apoptosis. Results After β 3 AA was administrated to the rats, the myocardial infarct size induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury was smaller than that in the control group (48.81±6.45% vs 60.25±2.52%, p 3 AA positive group than in β 3 AA negative group (24.33±1.82% vs 31.24±1.31%, p 3 AA negative group, the caspase-3 activity in myocardiocytes was also lower in β 3 AA positive group (1941±150.0 vs 1485±89.39, p Conclusion β 3 AA can decrease the myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in heart failure rats, so β 3 AA reduce the susceptibility to myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury of heart failure rats.

Research on the highest frame rate of high-speed videograph with a channelWang Jingping Lou Wenbi Beijing Institute of Technology., Department of Optical EngineeringABSTRACTThe frame rate is an important factor of HSV system. But the application of the scape of HSV is limited by its low frame rate.This paper researches a variety of methods to rise the frame rate. On the basis of a frame signal recorded on a track we analyse the capacity of the magnetic head tape system in all and get the result of 800 frames per second. If normal recorder is used to record high speed video signal, you can get 200 frames per second under the condition of 200 scan lines.1. INTRODUCTIONIn order to study high-speed event, we need not only high speed shutter to catch the instant phnomenon but also a certain number of pictures to show the all process of the event. Now the frame rate has become of an important parameter of HSV. Since its coming out at the beginning of the 70's, the highest frame rate of HSV with a channel has been about 200 frames per second,which is still low for most fast events.SHP technology is the magnification in time, which is that it records the event with higher speed, then replays it with lower speed so that people can observe and research the event in detail. Because the record medium of HSP is sensitization film, information is recorded in the form of parallel as aresult of clear picture and very high photography frequency. In comparison with HSP, HSV is quite different. It transfers the picture by changing pixels of photoelectric device into electric signal. The record and replay of the picture are done according to electricity to magnetics^ magnetics to electricity. Being limited by record capacity of magnetic head/tape, the transfer velocity of information will be limited also. In other words, the video signal bandwidth will be limited, which results in shortages of low clarity and low frame rate. In order to process data obtained, it is required that one magnetic track record a frame signal. In the following sections we shall discuss the highest frame rate of HSV with a channel on the basis of a frame signal recorded on a track.2. VIDEO SIGNAL BANDWIDTHTelevision picture clarity which depends on the capacity of analysing pixels is subjective sensibility of eyes. The greater the analysis is, the clearer the picture is. The television picture consists of many scan lines from its structure. The picture in horizontal direction is described by scan line, but the picture in vertical direction is composed of many scan lines. So the vertical analysis is equal to the number of scan line at most. Considering blanking and kell coefficient, the vertical resolution is smaller than the number of scan line. Because of consequent scan, the horizontal analysis is infinite under the condition of very smalt diameter of electric beam of scan. But the electric: beam has a certain section, the pixels analysed are limited by its diffraction.Now that the horizontal picture is described by scan line, the pixels analysed in level direction will determine the upper limit frequency of the video signal. The most complicated picture that television system transfers is that the picture consists of white black interval. When the size of white/black is equal to pixel, such picture will produce the highest frequency signal at the case of given the scan velocity. This picture can be used to determine the upper limit frequency of the video signal. It is obvious that the smaller the number of white-black is, the lower the upper Limit frequencyis.