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Background Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are available. This study evaluated the impact of main vessel (MV) calcification on the procedural and long-term outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent provisional single stent PCI. Methods This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled at 10 PCI centers in China from January 2015 to December 2017. Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was performed in all patients to evaluate the MV calcification. Patients were treated with provisional single stent strategy using drug eluting stents and followed-up at 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after discharge by telephone contact or outpatient visit. Repeated coronary imaging was performed within one year. We compared the procedural success rates in MV and in side branch (SB), and target lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, definite or possible stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization between patients with and without MV calcification. Results A total of 185 subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. MV calcification was detected in 119 (64.3%, calcification group) and not found in 66 (35.7%, non-calcification group) patients. The angiographic success rate of MV was 95.8% in the calcification group and 97.0% in the non-calcification group (P = 0.91); the angiographic success rate of SB was 32.8% in the calcification group and 53.0% in the non-calcification group (P < 0.05). During the one-year follow-up period, TLF occurred in 14 (11.8%) patients in the calcification group and in 13 (19.7%) in the non-calcification group (P = 0.31). Multivariate regression analysis showed the same result (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.76–1.52, P = 0.47). Calcification on group had higher recurrent angina than non-calcification group (13.51% vs. 17.65%, P < 0.05). Conclusions In patients with coronary bifurcation lesion treated with provisional one stent approach, calcification of MV is associated with lower SB procedural success rate, it could increase recurrence of angina; however, it was not associated with an increased risk of TLF.

The application of cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) techniques to separate colloidal organic carbon (COC) from truly dissolved organic carbon(TDOC) was investigated; COC and TDOC were determined by the high-temperature combustion method(HTC) and UV/persulphate method. It was found that CFF can quantitatively separate COC from seawater. The determination results by the HTC and UV/persulphate method for COC and TDOC showed little difference, which suggested that the oxidation efficiency of the two methods are identical. Colloidal particles have no remarkable influence on the oxidation efficiency of the UV/persulphate method.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the East China Sea in autumn was determined using the UV/persulphate method. DOC distribution tended to decrease gradually from northwest to soubeast. DOC concentration varied from 40 μmmol/L to 170 μmmol/L. DOC distribution in the East China Sea is mainly affected by continental input and mixing of water masses. It was found that DOC and salinity in the 32°N section correlated obviously.

A comparison between the high-temperature catalytic oxidation method (HTCO) and the UV/persulphate method for the determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in seawater is presented in this paper. In seawater sample chloride ion can affect the oxidation efficiency of the UV/persulphate method if the asymptotic concentration of persulphate is not reached. During HTCO analysis, blanks that appear to originate mainly from the catalyst are high and far from constant. If the blanks are well estimated and correction is made, the difference of determined DOC values between the UV/persulphate method and the HTCO method is small, the HTCO values being slightly higher.

Rotation and tide are two important factors that have very important impacts on the stellar structure and evolution. Based on the observational data of Achernar, we have derived the inclined pressure structure in a single rotating star or as a member in the binaries. We have given the distributions of the physical quantities on the isobaric surface and these distributions are derived from the Legendre series of expansions. We have also found the relationship between all levels of perturbation potential functions (including rotational and tidal distortions) and the distributions of density and pressure under the condition of inclined pressure structure. In particular, the gravitational darkening with the models including the effects of rotation and tide is investigated. We have found that the critical ratio of equatorial radius to the polar radius is consistent with the observations in rotating binaries better than that in single rotating model. The reason is that the tidal force can make the polar radius shortened because the tidal force exerts an inward force to the two polar points. However, the theoretical angular velocity in binaries is smaller than that observed. It is also shown that the positive shear enhances the centrifugal force and decreases the mean effective gravitational acceleration and effective temperatures whereas the negative shear plays a role to strengthen the effective gravitational acceleration. Moreover, the solid body rotation has not been supported inside Achernar because magnetic fields have not been detected through observations. Furthermore, the theoretical angular velocity in rigid rotation is higher than the angular velocity observed. Achernar has a periodic variation of light curves due to mass outburst, which also supports differential rotation. A positive shear indicates that the mass in accretion disks is falling to Achernar and the Achernar is spun up to critical rotation according to current observations. By comparing the theoretical results with observations, it can be seen that when the theoretical spin angular velocity of Achernar is 4.65 10-5 s-1 and the positive shears / s are 0.7851, the temperature of the polar points is 16041 K and that of equatorial sphere is 12073 K. Relative errors between the theoretical values and observations are less than 3% and are listed in the text. This model is the best and is the most possible one for Achernar.

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Rotation and tide are two important factors which have an influence on the stellar structure and evolution. They cannot be neglected. According to the observation data of the massive binary system V478 Cyg, we test the theoretical model including the deformation which is induced by rotation and tide (our model). We compare our model with Kähler-Eggleton (KE) model, and the distorted model is more consistent with observations than the traditional model (KE model). Besides, it is found that great deformation occurs in the outer envelope, where its density is lower than the mean density. Rotation and tide can cause the gravity at the two polar points to increase and the gravity in the equatorial plane to decrease. Therefore, the radiative flux, which depends on the local effective gravity, is not constant on the equipotentials any more. The poles which become hotter, experience a high mass loss than the equator, which becomes cooler. Furthermore, the two components in our model have bigger radii, equatorial velocities and central compactness and low H-energy production rate. The bigger mean radius of the distorted star produces a smaller temperature gradient inside the star, resulting in a lower energy transport. The lower energy generation rate inside the distorted model will widen the main sequence and increase the stellar lifetime. Stellar temperature and luminosity of the distorted model are shifted toward lower value. The tidal distortion inside the secondary star plays a most important role in the rate of the apsidal motion because of lower compactness. The apsidal motion derived from rotation is larger than the one derived from the general relativity.

Cross-flow ultrafiltration techniques havc been used to separate colloidal organic carbon (COC) from natural water, and COC in three water samples that were collected from Huanghe, Changjiang and Qiantang River was determined. On average, COC comprised about 68.6% of the total dissolved organic carbon. The abundance of COC suggested that COC could play important roles in input fluxes and biogeochemistry of organic carbon.