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With the acceleration of innovative drugs launched in the market, clinical trials have become increasingly complex and costly. Integration of patients' perspective and engagement into the clinical research process is essential to the success of the trials, which leads to the emergence of the concept of patient-centric clinical trials. Compared to the conventional paradigm of clinical trials, patient-centric clinical trials have the potential to increase the feasibility of study protocol, to speed recruitment and execution, and to promote the success of trials. It calls for the institutions and investigators of clinical trials to be aware of and adapt to patient-centric initiatives. In this article, we highlight technologies and actions that can be used to enhance patients' engagement in the entire process of drug development, covering protocol development, trial conduction, and result publication.

Additional file 7: Table S7 Primers used for RT-qPCR.

Additional file 7: Table S7 Primers used for RT-qPCR.

Background The aim of present study is to conduct a systematic review to better understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of listeriosis cases in mainland China. Methods The six most widely used Chinese and English databases were searched. Records on cases of listeriosis in mainland China reported from 2011 to 2017 were extracted. Clinical data of patients and information on clinical isolates of Listeria were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 136 records and 562 listeriosis cases were reported. The number of cases was much higher than that reported in the past decade. The 227 included non-perinatal listeriosis cases had a mortality rate of 23.78%. Of the 231 perinatal listeriosis cases, 32.68% resulted in abortion and/or newborn death. All listeriosis cases were reported as sporadic cases. Only 3 cases were traced to a meat product, while 33.12% were healthcare-associated cases. Conclusion The number of listeriosis cases in China may have previously been underestimated. Perinatal cases in mainland China took a much higher proportion compared with what is usually described. Considering the high number of listeriosis patients in China, a comprehensive monitoring system for listeria is urgently needed in China. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Battery Monitoring is very important for most of the electric vehicle(EV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) since the safety, operation and even the life of the passenger/operator depends on the battery system. Checking and controlling the status of battery within their specified safe operating conditions is exactly the major function of battery management system (BMS). The state of charge (SOC) is a critical parameter of a Li-ion battery, an accurate on-line estimation of the SOC is important for forecasting the EV driving range and BESS power dispatching. A widely used method to estimate SOC is based on coulomb counting, due to the uncertainty, including unit-to-unit variation, measurement noise, operational uncertainties, and model inaccuracy, it's difficult to estimate the SOC by using coulomb counting, an online inference of open-circuit voltage (OCV) is used to calibrate the SOC, however, a relatively flat OCV curve of LiFePO4 will lead to the error of SOC is large. In this paper, an algorithm using the derivation curve (dV/dQ vs Q) to calibrate the SOC on-line is bring out. The SOC estimation has been implemented using coulomb counting and derivation curve methods thereby eliminating the limitation of the stand-alone coulomb counting method. Finally, by utilizing the actual operation data, experiments and numerical table were conducted, show that this SOC calibrate algorithm based on characteristic curve has better robust performance of the practical application of LiFePO4 battery energy storage system.

"BRIC" countries-Brazil, Russia, India, China have the fastest growing economy in the world, but they are still developing countries. Their economy is somewhat different with developed countries. They are all undergone electric sector reform. Since their economic conditions are more or less similar, it may be beneficial to compare their experiences in electricity market reform, and these experiences may be useful for other developing countries. A summary and commends about their experiences are given in the end of this paper.