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Sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus is one species of tropical sea cucumbers with high recognition and economic value. While advances have been made in the nursery rearing of the sea cucumber, influence of environmental factors on its locomotion behavior remains less understood, which restricts the establishment of mariculture technologies. In the present study, locomotion behavior of S. monotuberculatus under different temperatures and flow velocities were examined through controlled simulation experiments. Results showed that the creeping activities were obviously affected by temperature, and the most active movement and feeding behavior were recorded at relatively high temperatures. Diurnal variation of locomotion and feeding activities indicated that S. monotuberculatus displayed an evident nocturnal activity pattern, being the most active at night, exhibiting intermediate activity at dusk, and minimal activity during the daytime. The movement velocity decreased with the increasing flow speed and was only 1.65 ± 1.35cm·min-1 in the highest flow rate group (20.8 ± 3.4cm/s). Moreover, the sea cucumber S. monotuberculatus displayed positive rheotaxis behavior of moving downstream at all flow velocities. Overall, the sea cucumber S. monotuberculatus exhibited high locomotor and feeding activities at night of relatively high temperature, and its favoured flow regime was downstream and low water velocity area. These findings may assist the sea ranching and aquaculture development of the tropical commercial sea cucumber species.

Extremely high temperature and hypoxia are mounting problems affecting the world’s coastal waters under the global warming environment, with severe consequences for marine life. Scallop is one of the most fragile species to hypoxia stress for their high respiration rate and lack of self-protection ability such as long-time shell closing. Circulatory physiology rhythm is sensitive to environmental stress and is an important means for shellfish to quickly respond to environmental stress. Therefore, monitoring the circulatory physiology indexes of Chlamys nobilis under hypoxia and high temperature stress is helpful to quickly diagnose its stress state and reveal the response process of circulatory system to the stress. In this study, using real-time Doppler ultrasonography technique, we continuously monitored the circulatory physiological indexes [heart rate (HR), blood flow volume (FV), blood velocity (PS and ED), resistance index (RI) and S/D ratio) of the scallop organs (gill, mantle and adductor muscle) under hypoxia (mild 4 mg/L DO, moderate 3 mg/L DO and severe 2 mg/L DO)] and fluctuating high temperature stress (29-31°C). Important metabolic function indexes [adenosine triphosphate (ATP), pyruvate kinase (PK) and cytochrome C oxidase (COX)] of various tissues were measured simultaneously. The results show that scallops are very sensitive to the changes of temperature and dissolved oxygen. Both high temperature and hypoxia will increase the HR, and severe hypoxia will bring greater load to the heart of the scallop. Hypoxia stress mainly caused the changes of PS, and the RI and S/D of the gill gradually increased. At 2mg/L DO level, the total blood flow of the mantle and adductor muscle decreased, but the blood flow supply in the gill was stable. The scallop is very sensitive to the change of high temperature and can make adjustments immediately. High temperature increased blood flow in various organs and preferentially supplied to the gill. The RI and S/D of branchial vessels under high temperature were lower than those under hypoxia. The ATP content of the mantle was continuous accumulated under high temperature and was significantly higher than that of the gill and adductor muscle, indicating the specificity of tissue metabolism. The overall circulatory physiological indexes of the gill showed a more positive response to the stress environment than the mantle and adductor muscle. All the results proved that the gill has the best resistance to the hypoxia and high temperature stress. Our study revealed the circulatory physiology regulation mechanism of the noble scallop C. nobilis under environmental stress, and provide effective data and technique supports for the timely diagnose of stress condition of the species, so as to formulate necessary handling strategies for the scallop farm.

The performance of a hammer mill is affected by the formation of a circulation layer. In this paper, an airfoil-triangle sieve was designed to destroy the circulation layer and improve the performance of the hammer mill. To determine the optimal design parameters of the airfoil-triangle sieve, three-factor and three-level tests were carried out by using the productivity and output per kW•h as the evaluation indexes and the airfoil camber, angle of attack and isosceles angle as the influencing factors. The order of the influences on the productivity was airfoil camber>angle of attack>isosceles angle. The order of the influences on the output per kW•h was angle of attack>airfoil camber>isosceles angle. The optimum combination after parameter optimization was determined to be as follows: airfoil camber of 0.15, angle of attack of 10° and isosceles angle of 113°. A test was carried out with to the optimum parameter combination. The results showed that the productivity and output per kW•h were 1101.56 kg/h and 188.97 kg/kW•h, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results. The regression model was reliable.

Chemical process systems involve complex dynamic processes, and the state of the system often fluctuates during the production process. To ensure the continuation of production, these fluctuations are often ignored or processed online instead of shutting down the unit. However, the interdependence between components in the system is strong, and small fluctuations or faults will be propagated to downstream nodes in turn if the fluctuation is omitted or processed online. A large number of accident investigations prove that the system risk increments as the failure propagates. This may eventually cause the entire system to collapse, causing severe casualties, property losses, and environmental damage. However, little attention has been paid to this type of risk. To measure the dynamic risk profile considering the fluctuation of the production process, this paper proposes a new risk assessment model that integrates the system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) and the failure propagation model. Firstly, the STAMP is used to model and analyze the system safety of a process system. An approach is then developed to quantify the risk accumulation of the model based on the failure propagation model. The process of the Chevron Richmond refinery crude unit and its associated upstream process is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach.

Due to the rapid development of technology, process systems become dynamic, automated, and complex, resulting in the strong interdependence and interaction among components and ensuring system safety by conventional methods a challenge. Compared with traditional risk assessment methods, resilience assessment is a more appropriate method for ensuring the safety of process systems under uncertain disruptions. Resilience refers to absorbing and adapting to changing conditions and recovering from disruptions. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment model that combines the catastrophe theory (CT) with the dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to measure dynamic resilience. Firstly, the CT is employed to quantify the intensity of disruptions. Subsequently, the performance response function (PRF) of the system is determined by DBN. A resilience metric is then introduced to measure system resilience under uncertain disruptions. The method is demonstrated through a release prevention barrier system.

Jianping Mao,1,* Lianguo Xue,1,* Haiqing Wang,2 Yuanxin Zhu,1 Juan Wang,3 Lidong Zhao1 1Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pediatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Juan WangDepartment of Pediatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail wangjuan19820206@163.comLidong ZhaoDepartment of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail zld060201@hotmail.comAbstract: Early T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is an aggressive and extremely fatal subtype of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), characterized by the similar transcriptional and immunophenotypic profiles to those of early T-cell precursors and positive expressions of myeloid antigens. Besides, the gene expression profile in ETP-ALL is similar to that in myeloid malignancies. The clinical characteristics, treatments and prognoses of ETP-ALL are significantly heterogeneous. In the present study, we reported a 43-year-old female patient who lacked terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) expression in immunophenotype and displayed mutations of fms-like tyrosine kinase-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), paired-box domain 5 (PAX5) and SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3) (PAX5 and SH2B3, the genes critical to B cell identity and function), which represent myeloid and precursor B-lineage associated gene mutations, respectively. It was a rare T-ALL or T-lineage case. Because of multiple poor prognostic factors in this case, conventional induction regimens, like hyper-CVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone), were invalid. The patient showed inadequate response, suggesting that this treatment was not employed on the basis of the immunophenotype. FLAG-IDA regimen (fludarabine, cytarabine [Ara-C], granulocyte-colony stimulating factor [G-CSF] and idarubicin), which is usually applied to eliminate leukemia cells, was administered combining with sorafenib as an effective induction chemotherapy. The case achieved long-term survival following the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We recommend that adult ETP-ALL patients can be treated with a myeloid-oriented chemotherapy (as frontline induction treatment) along with gene-targeting inhibitors, followed by allo-HSCT.Keywords: early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, FLAG-IDA, PAX5, TDT

The network attacks targeted at the Power Monitoring System (PMS) become much more complex and covert. However, traditional security protection methods cannot well detect such unknown attacks or multi-step attacks, which leads to a constant threat. How to use the massive log and warning data generated from various types of traditional security equipment to effectively detect and trace the advanced network threats becomes more and more important. This paper proposes an extended attack-chain based knowledge graph model to detect the threat lurked in the network of the PMS.

In recent years, due to the elastic container technical characteristics and active open source community support, container technology has become an important basic technology for the new digital infrastructure of power. Now, the container technology is very popular and widely used in power cloud platform, but the problem of power system security risk caused by container can’t be ignored. Aiming at the problem of container security, this paper proposes a lightweight container security enhancement framework. Based on the methods of lightweight hardware virtualization isolation, cloud trust, and transparent encryption and decryption of container data, we implemented the container framework in the power cloud platform. Experiments show that the mechanism has played a practical role and has little impact on the business in terms of performance.

Roundabout guidance receptor proteins are crucial components of the SLIT/ROBO signaling pathway. This pathway is important for the nervous system and in embryonic development. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that roundabout guidance receptor proteins and the SLIT/ROBO signaling pathway also participate in tumorigenesis. Here, by analyzing transcriptome data from the TCGA and GEO databases, we found that ROBO3 is highly expressed in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. High ROBO3 expression was associated with increased age at diagnosis and poorer risk classification (both P < 0.01). Patients with high ROBO3 expression had higher rates of TP53 and RUNX1 mutations (both P < 0.05). Significantly worse overall survival and event-free survival were observed in high ROBO3 expression patients compared with low ROBO3 expression patients (OS: P = 0.004; EFS: P= 0.012). High ROBO3 expression was also associated with poorer overall survival and event-free survival in a subgroup of patients who received intensive chemotherapy (OS: P = 0.024; EFS: P = 0.040). Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that high ROBO3 expression was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia patients who are younger than 60 and received intensive chemotherapy during remission induction. Bioinformatics analysis by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology revealed that high ROBO3 expression significantly altered cell adhesion and extracellular matrix-related pathways (adjusted P < 0.05). Taken together, the data demonstrate that ROBO3 is upregulated in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia and may be a potent biomarker of inferior prognosis.

In the power system, each province has nearly millions of sensors, and a large amount of data is generated. In the process of multi-sensor data collection, there are many problems such as inaccurate monitoring accuracy, waste of collection nodes, and zero drift of the sensor itself, which affect the inaccurate data reporting of the central station and the inaccurate execution of feedback information. At the same time, the sensor cannot do it once Acquisition, multiple applications, especially in power distribution rooms, station areas and other areas with high environmental requirements. There are distribution automation, electricity information collection, and dozens of sensor terminals such as temperature and humidity, smoke, video, robots, etc. Highly accurate information collection and environment configuration. To this end, an improved adaptive weighted fusion algorithm is proposed to achieve accurate terminal collection and data fusion upload based on the edge side of the power IoT edge computing framework. The design scheme can improve the accuracy of terminal data collected in power distribution rooms, station areas and other regions. Simulation and experiment proves the effectiveness of the algorithm in terms of acquisition accuracy and data fusion.

The architecture of Trusted Computing 3.0 provides an excellent way to enhance the security of industrial control systems (ICS). However, the implementation of this architecture needs to solve some technical issues such as access control and trust quantification in the ICS scene. This paper proposes an active defense architecture for ICS based on trusted computing 3.0, which defines the active immune operation mechanism of the industrial control system, establishes an immune architecture based on trusted two-node, multi-level fine-grained access control strategy, and the quantification of the trusted behaviors and decisions. Taking the protection of critical data in DCS as an example, we design a deployment scheme of the coordinated protection for ICS. The proposed method will guide the security enhancement based on trusted computing in ICS.

Phaeozem is one kind of scarce resources on the earth. Due to the restrictions of natural factors and the influence of human activities over the years, phaeozem degradation has become increasingly serious. Based on images of the ASTER in 2006 and the ETM+ in 2000 in this paper, the phaeozem organic matter content which is greater than 2 ％ was obtained by using quantitative retrieval. Through the three-dimensional remote sensing image, terrain rendering and relevant information were analyzed. On the basis of the above, the spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain were analyzed using DEM (digital elevation model) data. The results show that the total area of phaeozem in Songliao Plain is about 51360.15 km2, and the phaeozem organic matter content is gradually increasing along with the increasing latitude or longitude, and decreasing along with increasing slope. In addition, the soil organic matter content is lower in southern slopes than that in northern slopes.

With the increasing development and utilization of mines in China, the economic development is accompanied by the destruction of the geological environment of mines. The state vigorously promotes the construction of ecological civilization, and the restoration and treatment of mine environment has become increasingly important. Based on remote sensing technology and high-resolution remote sensing image, this paper investigates the situation of mine environment restoration and treatment in Su Hu area, and discusses typical cases of mine environment restoration and treatment, so as to provide reference for mine restoration and treatment.

The hysteresis loss and the heat generation of rubber compounds under different ambient temperatures and frequencies were predicted in terms of the viscoelastic theory. The cross-linking densities and the dynamic compressive properties were measured in order to partially reveal the microstructures and the viscoelastic response of rubber specimens. Based on the experimental data of storage and loss moduli, a piecewise fitting method was established to determine the viscoelastic constitutive model parameters. Then the dynamic compressive process of natural rubber specimen was analyzed by the finite element method. The obtained hysteresis loss and the energy dissipation were used to predict the transient and steady-state temperature field. The results reveal that the dependence of rubber hysteresis loss on the frequency at a lower ambient temperature plays a more important role in predicting the heat generation of rubber compounds; the dependence becomes weaker as the ambient temperature increases.

Thermoacoustic instability of n-decane at subcritical pressure in a small-scale channel is investigated from three aspects: the flow pattern, the fluctuations of temperature and pressure, and the d...

Three-dimensional δ-MnO2-cladded CuCo2O4 composites are designed and grown in situ on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal reaction and subsequent one-pot chelation-mediated aqueous processes. The electrode architecture can take good advantage of the synergistic effects contributed by both the porous CuCo2O4 nanoflake core and the δ-MnO2 shell layer. When δ-MnO2-cladded CuCo2O4 composites, along with porous Ni foam, are employed as a binder-free electrode for supercapacitors, the hybrid electrode shows higher specific capacitances and a better rate capability than the single CuCo2O4 nanoflake electrode. A maximum specific capacitance of 1180 F g−1 is achieved at a current density of 1 A g−1 and 81.7% of this value remains at a high current density of 10 A g−1. Moreover, the δ-MnO2-cladded CuCo2O4 electrode also delivers an excellent cycling stability, maintaining 93.2% at 15 A g−1 after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. Moreover, according to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, the δ-MnO2-cladded CuCo2O4 electrode possesses a lower equivalent series resistance of 0.78 Ω and a charge transfer resistance of 0.09 Ω. In view of its cost-effective fabrication process and excellent energy storage properties, this unique integrated nanoarchitecture would hold great promise in the field of electrochemical energy storage.

The three-dimensional (3D) lawn-shaped Co-Zn(OH)F nanoneedle arrays have been directly grown on Ni foam by a hydrothermal method. The morphological evolution process of Co-Zn(OH)F has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at different time intervals in detail. Owing to the high activity of the well-ordered Co-Zn(OH)F nanoneedles with a diameter of about 50 nm at the sharp tip, the 3D electrode architectures achieve an ultra-high specific capacitance of 1970 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 and excellent cycle stability (105% initial capacity retention after 5000 cyclic voltammetry test). An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is developed by using Co-Zn(OH)F and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode. The ASC delivers a specific capacitance of 275 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 with a potential window of 0–1.5 V. It retains 99.9% initial specific capacitance even after 10,000 continuous charge-discharge cycles (5 A g −1 ). The optimized ASC cell can deliver an energy density of 86.2 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 285 W kg −1 and it retains 18.8 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 5062 W kg −1 .

Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical α-NiMoO 4 @δ-MnO 2 core-shell hybrid nanorods/nanosheets are fabricated directly on Ni foam via a two-step approach which involves hydrothermal and one-pot chelation-mediated aqueous processes. The α-NiMoO 4 nanorods are full covered by ultrathin δ-MnO 2 nanosheets and the morphological evolution process of α-NiMoO 4 @δ-MnO 2 electrode has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at different time intervals. When this hybrid, along with porous Ni foam, is employed as binder-free electrode for supercapacitors, exhibiting high capacitance of 1136 F g −1 at a current density of 2 A g −1 and super-long cycling life with 101.9% retention rate after 5000 cyclic voltammetry cycles, which are much better than the single α-NiMoO 4 nanorod electrode. Moreover, according to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, it is found that the equivalent series resistance (R s ) and charge transfer resistance (R ct ) of the hybrid electrode are 0.22 Ω and 4.03 Ω, respectively. In view of the outstanding electrochemical performance and the cost-effective fabrication process, this unique integrated nanoarchitecture would hold great promise for electrochemical energy storage.

Based on the composite precooling engine, a Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) scheme is proposed. The climbing process is divided into three stages. The dynamic model, the air-vehicle model and the motion model are set up, and the feasibility of SSTO is studied using the numerical simulation. In order to improve the SSTO scheme, a SSTO scheme based on launching vehicle is proposed and a Two-Stage-To-Orbit (TSTO) powered by the composite precooling engine in the first stage and the rocket engine in the second stage is proposed. The results show that if the SSTO scheme is achieved, the structural coefficient of the air-vehicle should be less than 0.13, which has great technical difficulty. By adopting the SSTO scheme based on launching vehicle, the structural coefficient can be relaxed to 0.19, and the technical difficulty will be greatly reduced. The adoption of the TSTO scheme can not only effectively reduce the technical difficulty, but also increase the payload from 15t to 20.31t.

This study presents a case of synchronous multiple primary cancers involving floor of mouth carcinoma with esophageal carcinoma. Literature was reviewed to summarize the incidence, location, diagnosis, treatment characteristics, and prognosis to improve understanding and awareness of the multiple primary cancer. As a result, early discovery, early diagnosis, and effective treatment can help prolong survival and improve the quality of life of patients.本文报道1例口底癌同期并食道癌的多原发癌病例，并通过文献复习，阐述其患病率、部位、诊治要点及预后特点，以期提高对多原发癌的认识和警惕，做到早发现、早诊断并积极治疗，从而延长患者生存期，改善预后。.

This study aims to determine whether bisphosphonates are safe, as well as effective against bone mineral loss in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A computerized search of electronic databases from 1966 to 2016 was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review to evaluate the role of bisphosphonates in the management of osteoporosis in IBD patients. A revised 7-point Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of each study. Overall, 13 RCTs and 923 patients met the inclusion criteria of this meta-analysis. The result showed that bisphosphonates decreased bone mass density (BMD) loss at the lumbar spine (P = 0.0002), reduced the risk of new fractures (P = 0.01), and retained the similar adverse events (P = 0.86). Bisphosphonates may provide protection and safety against bone mineral loss in IBD patients.

Rapid development of remote sensing technology has become an important means of geological hazards monitoring. Domestic high- resolution satellite data such as TH-1, ZY-3, GF1/2 and BJ-2, because of its high quality and low price, are more and more widely used in the field of geology. However, there are still some problems in data processing and the research on domestic satellite data in coal mining geological hazards monitoring is not much. So it needs further research and application. This paper aims to establish a set of technology scheme for dynamic monitoring and analysis of geological hazards in coal mining collapse area based on domestic high-resolution satellite. We selected the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Midong District of Urumqi where geological disasters are more serious as the study area, compared and analyzed the domestic high-resolution satellite images based on the TH-1 (2014), GF-1 (2015), BJ-2 (2016). This paper identified dynamic change of geologic hazard, set up the symbol of interpretation, evaluated and explored the practicability of land disaster investigation and dynamic monitoring with domestic high-resolution satellite. Based on the dynamic monitoring with domestic high-resolution satellite data from 2014 to 2016, we found that the geological disasters such as ground collapse and ground cracks are increasing. We suggest that it should be planned first, and exploitation should be scientific. It is necessary to strengthen the restoration of governance.

The necessary and sufficient conditions of fault detectability under the PLS framework are discussed. A new partial least squares optimum detecting model (PLS-ODM) is proposed to improve the monitoring performance of the PLS method. This PLS-ODM is deduced according to the fault subspace and the VP index of the process variables that could be used to estimate the importance of the measurements to the quality. Compared with traditional PLS, PLS-ODM has the stronger fault detecting power, and could detect much weaker important process faults exactly in time. The application of it in Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark statistical quality control confirms that its detection performance is improved remarkably to make it possible to avoid process shutdown to reduce cost and stabilize product quality.

The insertion of the communication network in the feedback control loop makes the analysis and design of a networked control system more complex, and induces some issues that degrade the control system's performance and even cause system instability. This paper focuses on main aspects around performance analysis of NCS: network-induced delays, sampling period, jitter, data packet dropout, network scheduling and stability. These issues must be considered in the design of an NCS. Therefore, this work summarizes many research results, and remarks some related handling approaches and techniques. The main purpose of the survey is to present new research state of NCS and point out some fields of future research.

Filtered by the orthogonal signal correction technique, the selected process measurements projected by NN-PLS algorithm to build the soft component analyzer. Thus a new approach proposed to solve the delayed feedback quality signal of the Tennessee Eastman process by building this soft analyzer. As a result the quality indices can be obtained online in time with enough precision. The simulation results confirm that the soft-analyzer model has satisfying robust and predictive performance and more importantly this soft-analyzer could be as the basis of other advanced process control and on-line monitoring techniques.

A new generalized multi-way PLS (GMPLS) algorithm is proposed to build the predictive model of the Mooney-viscosity of the mixing rubber as an alternative of the rigorous mechanism model. This predictive model is optimized by the variable-selecting power of the GMPLS algorithm. More importantly, at the base of this model, it is possible to realize the intelligent rubber-discharging control to make up the drawback of the generally being used fixed parametric rubber discharge methods. The results obtained from the application in Hangzhou Zhongce Rubber Company confirmed that the quality of mixture has been improved remarkably with this intelligent rubber discharging control.

Mooney-viscosity is the most important quality index of the compounds. It's stability and uniformity are the right items the rubber industry wants to improve urgently. It is very economical and practical to build the viscosity prediction model of the mixture to realize the automatic quality control of the mixing process by using multivariate statistical techniques. A discounted-measurement recursive PLS (DRPLS) algorithm is proposed to extract prediction model with enough freedom degree and to overcome the "data-over fitted" phenomena. Furthermore this improved RPLS model could be on-line updated itself with new data without increasing computer memory usage.

A generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm frequently exploits repeated online identification to overcome model mismatch. However, the online identification is adverse to real time situations due to its heavy computational burden. Therefore, a constrained GPC algorithm with a PID feedback correction strategy is proposed in this paper to overcome model-process mismatching. Compared with conventional online identification, this feedback correction strategy not only can greatly reduce the computational burden, but also can effectively overcome the model-process mismatch. A simulation example is given, which illustrates that the presented approach can overcome linear modeling errors near an operating point and nonlinear modeling errors far away from the operating point simultaneously.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an effective multivariate statistical process monitoring approach and its most significant advantage is that no precise process model is needed. Nevertheless, PCA-based process monitoring methods show difficulties in systematically analyzing the issue of fault detectability. Based on the fault description method of fault subspace, sufficient and necessary conditions of fault detectability in the principal component (PC) space and residual space are presented. The concept of critical fault magnitude is introduced and used to analyze the detection behavior of faults. The acquired results are then illustrated and verified by fault detection examples of a double-effective evaporator process.

Superfluous model parameters of dynamic matrix control (DMC) lead to a heavy computational burden in the computation of process predictive output and online receding horizon optimization. To overcome the above demerits of DMC. a fast algorithm of constrained DMC is presented in this paper on the basis of step response, by employing a model with fewer redundant parameters to approach step response of a plant. Because of far fewer parameters of the redundant-parameter model than non-parameterized models, the computational burden of multi-step prediction and online receding horizon optimization is greatly lightened. The effectiveness of the presented algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulations by employing step response data collecting from a heat exchanger of a hot-water network.

A novel generalized predictive control algorithm with offline and online identification is presented in this paper. Unlike the existing GPC algorithms, the proposed approach decomposes the model parameters into a time-invariant part and a time-varying part and offline identification and online identification algorithm is used respectively to treat both of them. Therefore the reliability and precision of the predictive model are are improved simultaneously. A simulation example of FBR (fixed bed reactor) plant shows that this new algorithm is not only reliable in the case of plant uncertainties and outside abnormal disturbances, but is also adaptable for slow time varying processes and can effectively overcome the disadvantageous influences of modeling errors.

Process monitoring and fault diagnosis using the principal component analysis (PCA) has been studied intensively and applied to industry processes. The emphasis of most PCA-based works has been mainly on procedures to perform monitoring and diagnosis for given a set of sensors, and little attention is paid to the actual location of sensors for efficient detection and identification of process faults. In this paper, graph-based techniques are used to optimize sensor locations to obtain the maximum fault resolution. Based on the optimized sensor network, an improved PCA is proposed by introducing two new statistics of PVR and CVR to replace the Q statistic in the conventional PCA. The improved PCA can efficiently detect weak changes, and give an insight into the root cause of process faults. Simulation results of a CSTR process show that the improved PCA with optimized sensor locations is superior to the conventional methods.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an efficient method to extract relationships between correlated variables and thus has been widely applied to the multivariate statistical process monitoring. However, the validity of the PCA is highly depending on the quality of measured process data which is usually contaminated by noises and gross errors in practice. In this paper, an improved PCA is presented to minimize the influences of corrupted data. The original measured data is first processed using conventional PCA to partially eliminate noises by abandoning principal components with small eigenvalues. Then the retained principal components are decomposed and rectified online by boundary-corrected wavelets, combined with techniques of shift-invariant transform and median filtering. The monitoring results of a simulated binary distillation column show that the proposed method has superior performance and more robust to noises and gross errors than conventional methods.

Control-relevant identification (CRID), which emphasizes efficiently processing experimental data in terms of control design requirements, shows great difference from conventional identification. In this paper, a wavelet-based frequency band weighting (FBW) approach to CRID is presented. First, the frequency aliasing problem resulting from wavelet decomposition is discussed, and modified wavelet decomposition algorithms are given to guarantee correct decomposition of experimental data into different frequency bands. Then, the FBW approach is used to integrate the control design objective into the identification procedure by weighting these frequency bands in an appropriate way. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the procedure of using the proposed approach to build suitable process models for feedback control design.

The sinus tarsi approach can be used for a limited exposure of the calcaneal fracture site. The reduction of the posterior articular surface, the shape of the calcaneus, the precise placement of the sustentacular screw (SS), the posterior articular surface screw of the calcaneal (PASS), and the long axis screw of the calcaneal (LAS) are still challenging. To that end, we proposed a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of calcaneal fractures via the sinus tarsi approach in combination with a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique. First, a 3D reconstructed model of the bilateral calcanei was obtained according to the computed tomography (CT) scan data and was used to simulate the placement of screws and acquire the screw trajectory parameters. Next, using 3D printing, a model of the calcaneus was printed, and the minimally invasive steel plate was pre-shaped to fit the lateral wall of the model. Finally, a total of 25 patients underwent this procedure. The results showed significant accuracy improvement in terms of the SS, PASS and LAS placement and in terms of the parameters including Bohler’s angle, Gissane’s angle, and the calcaneal width. In this work, the technique of the personalized minimally invasive treatment of calcaneal fractures improved the accuracy of screw placement (SP) and the reduction rate of posterior articular surface, improved the shape of the calcaneus, and increased the precision of the minimally invasive treatment of calcaneal fractures via the sinus tarsi approach. Refereed/Peer-reviewed