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ObjectiveTo investigate the change in interleukin-33 (IL-33) in the peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and the role and potential mechanism of IL-33 in regulating CD8+ T cell function in HCC patients. MethodsA total of 44 HCC patients who attended Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from April 2019 to January 2020 and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood was collected, and plasma and peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) were isolated; ELISA was used to measure the plasma levels of IL-33 and its receptor ST2, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-33 and ST2 in PBMCs. CD8+ T cells were purified and stimulated with recombinant IL-33; CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell proliferation, enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to measure the secretion of perforin and granzyme B, and flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of PD-1, LAG-3, and CTLA-4; changes in cell proliferation, secretion of cytotoxic molecules, and immune checkpoint molecules after IL-33 stimulation were compared. CD8+ T cells were co-cultured with HepG2 cells; the expression of lactate dehydrogenase was measured to calculate the proportion of dead HepG2 cells induced by CD8+ T cells, and the change in the killing function of CD8+ T cells after IL-33 stimulation was compared. The t-test or the paired t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and a Pearson correlation analysis was performed. ResultsCompared with the control group, the HCC group had significantly lower plasma level of IL-33 (269.80±63.08 pg/ml vs 339.50±64.43 pg/ml, t=4.072, P＜0.001) and relative mRNA expression level of IL-33 in PBMCs (1.07±0.14 vs 2.45±0.87, t=10.250, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in the plasma level of ST2 and the relative mRNA expression level of ST2 in PBMCs between the HCC group and the control group (P＞0.05). The proportion of CD8+ T cells was not correlated with the plasma level of IL-33 or ST2 (both P＞005). Compared with the control group, the HCC group had significantly lower levels of perforin and granzyme B (both P＜0.05) and a significantly higher proportion of CD8+ T cells with positive PD-1, LAG-3, and CTLA-4 (P＜0.05). Stimulation with recombinant IL-33 did not affect the proliferation of CD8+ T cells or the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (P＞0.05), but it promoted the secretion of perforin and granzyme B (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the HCC group had a significant reduction in the killing activity of CD8+ T cells (P＜0.05), and stimulation with recombinant IL-33 enhanced the killing function of CD8+ T cells, which was mainly reflected in the increases in the proportion of dead HepG2 cells (P＜0.05) and the secretion of IFNγ and TNFα (P＜0.05). ConclusionThere is a reduction in the plasma level of IL-33 in HCC patients. IL-33 can enhance the killing activity of CD8+ T cells by promoting the secretion of perforin and granzyme B, which provides a new target for the treatment of HCC.

The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a high luminosity collider as the next major research facility for the nuclear physics community. Among the numerous RF subsystems in the EIC, the electron storage ring (ESR) fundamental RF cavities system is one of the most challenging. This system will handle a high beam current of up to 2.5 A and replenish up to 10 MW of beam power losses from synchrotron radiation and HOM. Variable coupling is required in the cavities due to the wide range of required total RF voltage and beam current combinations. In this paper, we will present the status of the design and future plans., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

A high resolution range profile (HRRP) is a summation vector of the sub-echoes of the target scattering points acquired by a wide-band radar. Generally, HRRPs obtained in a non-cooperative complex electromagnetic environment are contaminated by strong noise. Effective pre-processing of the HRRP data can greatly improve the accuracy of target recognition. In this paper, a denoising and reconstruction method for HRRP is proposed based on a Modified Sparse Auto-Encoder, which is a representative non-linear model. To better reconstruct the HRRP, a sparse constraint is added to the proposed model and the sparse coefficient is calculated based on the intrinsic dimension of HRRP. The denoising of the HRRP is performed by adding random noise to the input HRRP data during the training process and fine-tuning the weight matrix through singular-value decomposition. The results of simulations showed that the proposed method can both reconstruct the signal with fidelity and suppress noise effectively, significantly outperforming other methods, especially in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio conditions. Keywords: High resolution range profile, Intrinsic dimension, Modified sparse auto-encoder, Signal denoise, Signal sparse reconstruction

High-bunch-frequency beam-separation schemes, such as the injection scheme proposed for the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron at the Electron-Ion Collider, demand rise and fall times an order of magnitude below what can realistically be accomplished with a stripline kicker. Nanosecond-time-scale kick waveforms can instead be obtained by Fourier synthesis in a harmonically resonant quarter-wave radio-frequency cavity which is optimized for high shunt impedance. Originally developed for the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) Circulator Cooler Ring, a hypothetical 11-pass ring driven by an energy-recovery linac at Jefferson Lab, our high-power prototype of such a harmonic kicker cavity, which operates at five modes at the same time, will demonstrate the viability of this concept with a beam test at Jefferson Lab. As the geometry of the cavity, tight mechanical tolerances, and number of ports complicate the design and manufacturing process, special care must be given to the order of the manufacturing steps. We present our experiences with the manufacturability of the present design, lessons learned, and first RF test results from the prototype., Proceedings of the 5th North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2022, Albuquerque, NM, USA

We have designed, built, and tested a new magnetron tube that generates RF power at 1497 MHz. In the tests so far, the tube has produced CW 9 kW RF power, where the measured power is limited by the test equipment. The final goal is to use it to power superconducting (SC) cavities., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

Magnetron RF power sources for single cavities can cost much less and operate at much higher efficiency than klystrons, but they do not have the phase and amplitude control, or the lifetime, needed to drive SRF cavities for superconducting particle accelerators. Existing magnetrons that are typically used to study methods of control or lifetime improvements for SRF accelerators are built for much different applications such as kitchen microwave ovens (1kW, 2.45 GHz) or industrial heating (100 kW, 915 MHz). Muons, Inc. is working with Richardson Electronics LLC to develop fast and flexible manufacturing techniques to allow many ideas to be tested for construction variations that enable new phase and amplitude injection locking control methods, longer lifetime, and inexpensive refurbishing resulting in the lowest possible life-cycle costs. A magnetron suitable for 1497 MHz klystron replacements at Jefferson Lab has been designed, constructed, and tested., Proceedings of the 31st International Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC2022, Liverpool, UK

After the demonstration of using high efficiency magnetron power to combine and aim to drive a radio frequency accelerator at 2450MHz in CW mode [1], we have used trim coils adding to a water-cooled magnetron and three amplitude modulation methods in an open-loop control to further suppress the 120Hz side-band noise to -46.7dBc level. We have also successfully demonstrated the phase-locking to an industrial grade cooking magnetron transmitter at 915MHz with a 75kW CW power delivered to a water load by using a -26.6dBc injection signal. The sideband noise at 360Hz from the 3-Phase SCRs DC power supply can be reduced to -16.2dBc level. Their power combing scheme and higher power application to industrial accelerators are foreseeing., Proceedings of the 5th North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2022, Albuquerque, NM, USA

A harmonic kicker, a beam exchange device that can deflect the beam at an ultra-fast time scale (a few ns), has been developed in Jefferson Lab *, **. The high power prototype that can deliver more than a 100 kV kick at 7 kW was fabricated. The RF performance of cavity such as the harmonic resonant frequencies, kick profiles, it’s stability, and electric center is tested at bench. The cavity will eventually be tested with a beam at Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) in Jefferson Lab. In this paper, we report some features of fabrication and bench test results. We also briefly describe our beam test plan in the future., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

The EIC is a major new project under construction at BNL in partnership with JLab. It relies upon a number of new SRF cavities at 197 MHz, 394 MHz, 591 MHz and 1773 MHz to pre-bunch, accelerate, cool and crab the stored beams. R is focusing on the 591 MHz elliptical cavity and 197 MHz crab cavity first as these are the most challenging. Preliminary designs of these cavities are presented along with an R status report. To avoid developing multiple different cryostats a modular approach is adopted using a high degree of commonality of parts and systems. This approach may be easily adapted to other frequencies and applications., Proceedings of the 65th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Luminosity Circular e+e- Colliders, eeFACT2022, Frascati, Italy

A magnetron suitable for 1497 MHz klystron replacements at Jefferson Lab will be constructed and tested with our novel patented subcritical voltage operation methods to drive an SRF cavity. The critical areas of magnetron manufacturing and design affecting life-cycle costs that will be modeled for improvement include: Q_{ext}, filaments, magnetic field, vane design, and novel control of outgassing. The most immediate benefit of this project is to make SRF accelerator projects more affordable for NP and other users of SRF Linacs. One of the most attractive commercial applications for SRF accelerators is to drive subcritical nuclear reactors to burn Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF). A 1 GeV proton beam hitting an internal uranium spallation neutron target can produce over 30 neutrons for each incident proton to allow the reactor to operate far below criticality to generate electricity or process heat while reducing high-level waste disposal costs. This commercial application has the additional attribute of addressing climate change., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

A proposal has been conceived to levitate and trap mesoscopic particles using radio frequency (RF) fields in a superconducting RF(SRF) cavity. Exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of an SRF cavity, this proposal aims at overcoming a major limit faced by state-of-the-art laser trapping techniques. The goal of the proposal is to establish a foundation to enable observation of quantum phenomena of an isolated mechanical oscillator interacting with microwave fields. An experiment supported by LDRD funding at JLab has started to address R issues relevant to these new research directions using existing SRF facilities at JLab. The success of this experiment would establish its groundbreaking relevance to quantum information science and technology, which may lead to applications in precision force measurement sensors, quantum memories, and alternative quantum computing implementations with promises for superior coherence characteristics and scalability well beyond the start-of-the-art. In this contribution, we will introduce the proposal and basic consideration of the experiment., Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2021, East Lansing, MI, USA

The regenerative Beam Break Up (BBU) excited by the dipole Higher Order Modes (HOMs) in superconducting RF (SRF) cavities is a crucial issue for continuous-wave high-current energy recovery linacs. Beam-induced monopole HOMs can increase the cryogenic losses of the linac also. One of the ways to limit these effects is to use HOM couplers on the beam tubes of cavities to absorb and untrap cavity eigenmodes. These couplers feature antennas designed to damp dangerous HOMs and adequately reject the fundamental mode. This study illustrates an investigation of the HOMs of a 5-cell 801.58 MHz elliptical SRF cavity designed for PERLE (Powerful Energy Recovery Linac for Experiments), a multi-turn energy recovery linac (ERL) currently under study and later to be hosted at IJCLab in Orsay. Time-domain wakefield and frequency-domain eigenmode simulations have been used to calculate the cavity broadband HOM impedance spectra and identify the dangerous BBU HOMs. The transmission characteristics of several coaxial HOM couplers have been studied. The efficiencies of several HOM-damping schemes have been compared to propose a HOM endgroup to be fabricated and added to the existing bare SRF cavity., Proceedings of the 31st International Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC2022, Liverpool, UK

Since the early 1990s, the injector of the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab has relied on a normal-conducting RF graded-beta capture section to boost the kinetic energy of the electron beam from 100 / 130 keV to 600 keV for subsequent acceleration using a cryomodule housing two superconducting 5-cell cavities similar to those used throughout the accelerator. To simplify the injector design and improve the beam quality, the normal-conducting RF capture section and the cryomodule will be replaced with a new single booster cryomodule employing a superconducting, β = 0.6, 2-cell-cavity capture section and a single, β = 0.97, 7-cell cavity. The Upgraded Injector Test Facility at Jefferson Lab is currently hosting the new cryomodule to evaluate its performance with beam before installation at CEBAF. While demonstrating satisfactory performance of the booster and good agreement with simulations, our beam test results also speak to limitations of accelerator operations in a noisy, thermally unregulated environment., Proceedings of the 5th North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2022, Albuquerque, NM, USA

The vibration of the vertical system of a cold rolling mill is a major concern for factory production. In factory production, it is found that the thickness control system with dynamic stiffness compensation of the rolling mill has a significant impact on the rolling mill vibration. In this work, a mechanical hydraulic coupling vibration model of a cold rolling mill with a thickness control system with dynamic stiffness compensation was established. MATLAB/Simulink was used to simulate and analyze the vibration response characteristics of the mechanical structure of the rolling mill and mechanical hydraulic coupling system considering the dynamic stiffness compensation control mode and position control mode of the upper cylinder. We found that the control system changed the vibration response of the mechanical structure, and different control modes have different effects on the vibration response curve. When the rolling mill works in the vibration area, the thickness difference at the strip steel outlet would be larger. Considering the rolling mill vibration and strip surface quality, the excitation of the strip inlet thickness can be achieved by adjusting the dynamic stiffness compensation system and changing the rolling speed reasonably to achieve good vibration suppression and control effects.

Reliability analysis of complex multi-state system has uncertainty, which is caused by complex structures, limited test samples, and insufficient reliability data. By introducing fuzzy mathematics and grey system theory into the Bayesian network, the model of the grey fuzzy Bayesian network is built, and the reliability analysis method of complex uncertainty multi-state system with the non-deterministic membership function and the interval characteristic quantity is proposed in this paper. Using the trapezoidal membership function with fuzzy support radius variable to describe the fault state of the component, it can effectively avoid the influence of human subjective factors on the selection of the membership function and solve the problem that the fault states of the system and its components are difficult to define accurately. And the conditional probability table containing interval grey numbers is constructed to effectively express the uncertain fault logic relationship between the system and its components. Moreover, a parameter planning model of the system reliability characteristic quantities is constructed, and the system reliability characteristic quantities are expressed as the form of interval values. Finally, two sets of numerical experiments are conducted and discussed, and the results show that the proposed method is an effective and a promising approach to reliability analysis for complex uncertainty multi-state systems.

Electron cooling continues to be an invaluable technique to reduce and maintain the emittance in hadron storage rings such as the EIC and EICC where stochastic cooling is inefficient and radiative cooling is negligible. Extending the energy range of electron coolers beyond what is feasible with the conventional, electrostatic approach necessitates the use of RF fields for acceleration and, thus, a bunched electron beam. To experimentally investigate how the relative time structure of the two beams affects the cooling properties, we have set up a pulsed-beam cooling device by adding a synchronized pulsing circuit to the conventional electron source of the CSRm cooler at Institute of Modern Physics. Using both constant and modulated synchronization between electron pulses and ion bunches, we have measured the effects of the electron bunch length and longitudinal ion focusing strength on the temporal evolution of the longitudinal and transverse ion beam profile and demonstrated the detrimental effect of timing jitter as predicted by space-charge theory and simulations. Our experiment suggests a need for further investigations of specific aspects of bunched cooling such as synchro-betatron coupling and phase dithering effects when using short electron bunches to cool longer ion bunches. However, given the comparatively long IBS lifetime of higher-energy proton storage rings like the EIC, slow dithering could potentially provide an option to save cost on the electron cooler linac., Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2021, Novosibirsk, Russia

Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of the baseline sample included and excluded due to losses to follow-up.

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) * is an accelerating component of the electron injection complex, which provides polarized electrons in electron-ion collisions in the main Electron Storage Ring (ESR). We present the injection scheme into the RCS based on an ultra-fast harmonic kicker, whose "five odd-harmonic modes" prototype was developed in the context of the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC) conceptual design **. In its early stage of R, the sharp (~3 ns width) waveform construction, beam dynamics, and pulsed power operation with short ramping time (~10 us) will be discussed together with the fabrication work of the JLEIC prototype ***., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

A technique that predicts the field flatness of the operating pi-mode based on the passband frequency is highly desirable when the direct measurement of the field is not available. Such a technique was developed for the SNS-PPU cavity, a 6-cell SRF cavity whose field flatness is important for cold operation. In this paper, we will present the theory on the relations between field profile and passband frequencies of the arbitrary deformed cavities, the simulation studies, and comparison with the experimental measurements., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

The scheme of using high-efficiency magnetrons to drive radiofrequency accelerators has been demonstrated at 2450 MHz in CW mode *. Magnetron test stands at JLab and GA have been set up to further test the noise figure and the locking speed of the injection phase-lock method. For higher power applications, power combining experiments using a TM010 cavity-type combiner and a magic tee for the binary combiner while using a single clean injection signal has been carried out at 2450 MHz. The frequency pulling effect between the magnetron and a low-Q cavity has been shown to enhance the frequency locking bandwidth compared to the injection phase-lock alone. The principle has been studied by the equivalent circuit simulation, analytical model, and finally confirmed experimentally on the magnetrons. Due to the pandemic delay in 2020, the equivalent high power tests using a 75kW, 915MHz industrial magnetron will be done in 2021 and will be reported in a future paper., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Infrared image recognition in substation is always a difficult problem. In order to solve the problem of recognition of knife gate, insulator and other components in infrared image, the target location technology of deep learning is proposed to realize the detection and recognition of typical components in infrared image, and the multi-target detection algorithm YOLO is selected to locate and identify the defects. Firstly, the image preprocessing technology is used to process the collected image, so as to filter the interference of background and other factors on the equipment identification. Then, the infrared image is detected by the YOLO target detection model based on multi feature fusion, so as to locate the position of inspection equipment in the infrared image. Then, the type of equipment is identified by the trained equipment classification model. Finally, the algorithm is tested with a large number of pictures in the substation scene.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: Recently, many studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between the A46G polymorphism in the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene and essential hypertension risk in the Chinese population. However, the results of previous studies were conflicting. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the association between the ADRB2 A46G polymorphism and the risk of essential hypertension in the Chinese population. Methods: We performed a systematic search of possible relevant studies on PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and China Biology Medicine disc databases up to January 3, 2020. Two authors independently extracted information from included articles and assessed the quality of each study by the use of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. According to the extent of interstudy heterogeneity, either a random-effect model or a fixed-effect model was used to calculate the combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Finally, 16 studies containing 3390 cases and 2528 controls were included in our meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between the ADRB2 A46G polymorphism and essential hypertension risk in the Chinese population under four genetic models: allele genetic model (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.23, P = .001, Pheterogeneity = .09), homozygote genetic model (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11–1.51, P = .001, Pheterogeneity = .25), dominant genetic model (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.32, P = .005, Pheterogeneity = .04), and recessive genetic model (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.38, P = .007, Pheterogeneity = .72). Conclusion: The ADRB2 A46G polymorphism may increase the risk of essential hypertension in the Chinese population.

The stationary multi-pinhole (MPH) SPECT has the potential to achieve dynamic human myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with high sensitivity and high resolution. In this work, the sensitivity of MPH SPECT is 0.06%, four-fold higher than conventional SPECT (typically 0.015%), the dual-head SPECT was set up 77.6 degree. Acquisition time of stationary MPH SPECT was about 5 minutes, and Siemens Symbia T16 took approximately 15 minutes. For stationary MPH SPECT system, dedicated image reconstruction algorithm was developed. System calibration is necessary to ensure installation accuracy and obtain mechanical information for generating system transfer matrix, which will be employed to iterative reconstruction. Projection data were reconstructed using a Pixel-based Ordered Subset-expectation Maximization (POSEM) reconstruction algorithm with prior information. Reconstructed results showed that the image resolution obtained with stationary MPH is significantly better than Siemens Symbia T16, the image quality is also greatly improved compared to rotational LEHR SPECT. Meanwhile, the short acquisition time of MPH can reduce the possibility of artifacts due to patient movement. So it is potentially capable of dynamic 3D acquisition, and further more clinical trials for evaluating the system performances will be conducted.

Cooling of hadron beams is critically important in the next generation of hadron storage rings for delivery of unprecedented performance. One such application is the electron-ion collider presently under development in the US. The desire to develop electron coolers for operation at much higher energies than previously achieved necessitates the use of radio-frequency (RF) fields for acceleration as opposed to the conventional, electrostatic approach. While electron cooling is a mature technology at low energy utilizing a DC beam, RF acceleration requires the cooling beam to be bunched, thus extending the parameter space to an unexplored territory. It is important to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of cooling with electron bunches and further investigate how the relative time structure of the two beams affects the cooling properties; thus, a set of four pulsed-beam cooling experiments was carried out by a collaboration of Jefferson Lab and Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). The experiments have successfully demonstrated cooling with a beam of electron bunches in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for the first time. We have measured the effect of the electron bunch length and longitudinal ion focusing strength on the temporal evolution of the longitudinal and transverse ion beam profile and demonstrate that if the synchronization can be accurately maintained, the dynamics are not adversely affected by the change in time structure., Comment: 13 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

In this report, we present the development of a fast harmonic kicker, a normal conducting deflecting cavity that kicks electron bunches from ERL ring to circulator cooler ring (CCR) in Jefferson Lab Electron Ion Collider (JLEIC). This cavity utilizes 5 harmonic modes to generate a sharp kick to the electron bunch at high frequency of 86.6MHz, which is injection frequency into the CCR. The beam dynamics study and RF design of the hardware was reported in [1],[2]. In this report we present further progress including impedance by higher order mode (HOM) study and mechanical design for fabrication., Proceedings of the 63th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovery Linacs, ERL2019, Berlin, Germany

In the complex marine environment, with the continuous enrichment and development of target detection methods, massive target track data is stored and accumulated in the database, which contains a large amount of information and knowledge. It is possible to analyze and predict the behavior and intention of the target by means of target behavior law mining. Most of the existing target behavior law mining methods are based on the idea of clustering. When working in the complex environment of the sea battlefield, the working steps are complicated and the effect is poor. Therefore, in combination with situation analysis requirements and based on the idea of similar duplicate record detection, this paper proposes a mining method of maritime target behavior law by defining multi-dimensional record matching similarity (MDRS). The experimental analysis is carried out on the simulated military scene. The results show that the proposed method can accurately and effectively mine the behavior of the target.

Deep learning such as deep neural networks has revolutionized the computer vision area. Deep learning-based algorithms have surpassed conventional algorithms in terms of performance by a significant margin. This paper reviews our works in the application of deep convolutional neural networks to target recognition and terrain classification using the SAR image. A convolutional neural network is employed to automatically extract a hierarchic feature representation from the data, based on which the target recognition and terrain classification can be conducted. Experimental results on the MSTAR benchmark dataset reveal that deep convolutional network could achieve a state-of-the-art classification accuracy of 99% for the 10-class task. For a polarimetric SAR image classification, we propose complex-valued convolutional neural networks for complex SAR images. This algorithm achieved a state-of-the-art accuracy of 95% for the 15-class task on the Flevoland benchmark dataset.

The determination of alendronate (ALE) in biofluids using a low-cost instrument is potentially useful in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. This study developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet method for ALE determination in rat plasma using precolumn derivatization with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). Inhibiting compounds in the samples were first eliminated using solid-phase extraction. ALE in the sample was subsequently allowed to react with PITC to form a phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative for further analysis. The assay was linear within the concentration range of 0.29–25.0 µg/mL. The precision and accuracy were less than 3.9% and 98.0 ± 3.9%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.08 and 0.20 µg/mL, respectively. The method was successfully used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of ALE in rats following a single oral administration (30.0 mg/kg). The results show that the peak plasma ALE concentration is 0.69 ± 0.18 µg/mL. ...

This paper presents a 2.57GHz All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop(ADPLL) Based on the digital controlled Ring Oscillator, which uses a frequency and phase detector controller architecture with high resolution and wide locking range. In order to speed up the phase locking, reduce the instantaneous phase locked differential, this dissertation adopts a forward prediction method. The DCO uses 3-stage ring oscillator, the oscillator frequency is controlled by the coarse tune words(CTW) and the fine tune words(FTW), the CTW to control the output frequency fast approaching the target frequency and the FTW to control the final target frequency, in addition, in order to make the DCO work in a linear zone, a normal open oscillation circuit is designed. The layout of the ADPLL circuit is completed by 0.18um CMOS process, which area is 0.3416 mm2 (including pad). The post simulation results show that the maximum output clock frequency is over 2.57GHZ.

A novel technology of multi-pinhole (MPH) SPECT for human myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by increasing angular sampling. In this study, the efficiency of MPH SPECT is 0.06%, four-fold higher than Dual-detector LEHR SPECT (typically 0.015%), we acquired projection data of patient MPI for rest and exercise with 12-pinhole collimator and Siemens Symbia T16. There are two cases for MPH SPECT scan in V mode: one view from -170°of main turning device, two views from -170°and -135°. Acquisition time of MPH SPECT was 5 minutes for single and dual angles, and the acquisition of Siemens was 15 minutes. MPH calibration is essential to generate system transfer matrix, which will be employed to iterative reconstruction. Projection data were reconstructed with a Pixel-based Ordered Subset-expectation Maximization (POSEM) reconstruction algorithm. Reconstructed results showed that dual-angle imaging results have better uniformity than single-angle imaging, and MPH SPECT has higher spatial resolution than Siemens Symbia T16 with reduced acquisition time. The short acquisition time of MPH can increase SPECT throughput and reduces the possibility of artifacts due to patient movement. More clinical trial for MPH dual angular sampling performance evaluation will be carried out.

With the completion of the National Academies of Sciences Assessment of a US Electron-Ion Collider, the prospects for construction of such a facility have taken a step forward. This paper provides an overview of the two site-specific EIC designs: JLEIC (Jefferson Lab) and eRHIC (BNL) as well as brief overview of ongoing EIC R, Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI, USA

Muons, In is building an amplitude modulated phase-locked magnetron to replace the klystrons in CEBAF. To do that requires changing the magnetic field at a rate that would induce eddy currents in the standard magnetron. We report on the status of the project to make a stainless steel anode with copper elements to minimize heating while the stainless steel reduces eddy current effects. The construction of the magnetron is two months from completion, while the test stand is ready for delivery of the magnetron, Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) is an asymmetric high luminosity ring-ring collider proposed as the next major R facility for the nuclear physics community. Both of JLEIC’s electron and ion collider rings have high beam current with gaps serving the pur-poses of beam abort, ion clearing, etc. Such a time-varying beam loading in the RF cavities would generate modulation in cavity RF phase/voltage, causing cyclic shift of collision point and potential luminosity loss. We studied a few approaches to mitigate the RF phase modu-lation and IP shift, such as correcting the RF phase/voltage modulation with traditional LLRF feed-back, one-turn feedback (OTFB), or RF feedforward (FF); optimizing the bunch fill pattern to limit the RF phase/voltage modulation to a small fraction of the bunch trains in the collider ring; or matching the RF phase modulation in the two rings. The preliminary re-sults are discussed in this paper., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The so-called VSR (Variable Storage Ring) upgrade of the 3rd gen. light source BESSY II will provide the capability to simultaneously store long (about 20 ps rms length) and short (1 ps or less) bunches in the ring. This will be accomplished by inserting a module with four superconducting cavities, two of them operating at 1.5 GHz as the third harmonic of the 500 MHz driving RF, two at 1.75 GHz. The "cold" string of those four cavities also includes supporting and connecting devices, as there will be: - three intermediate bellows, all shielded against leaking fundamental mode cavity fields, one additionally acting as a collimator for incident synchrotron light; - two tuneable bellows at the module ends; - two warm end groups outside the module, housing toroidal dielectric wake field absorbers, another bellow and a vacuum pump connection. The recent design progress of those components will be reported, including a description of a beam test planned for the central collimating shielded bellow., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The scheme of using a high efficiency magnetron to drive a superconducting or normal conducting radio frequency accelerator cavity needs not only injection phase locking but also amplitude modulation to compensate for the cavity’s microphonics, frequency change, variations of cavity voltage and beam current. To be able to do a fast and efficient modulation and to compensate the frequency pushing effect due to the anode current change, the magnetron’s magnetic field has to be trimmed by an external coil*. To facilitate this, a low eddy current magnetron body has been designed and built**. This paper will present the experimental results of such modulation on a conventional 2.45 GHz magnetron at the R test stand. In addition, the progresses on the injection lock test to a new 1497 MHz, 13kW magnetron prototype aimed for the CEBAF klystron replacement with newly built low level RF (LLRF) controller for the amplitude modulation will be reported. Based on these R results, a 915MHz, 2×75kW CW industrial heating type magnetron system is being developed to be used for the high efficiency (>80%) RF source to the electron accelerator for industrial applications., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) design relies on cooling of the ion beam with bunched electron beam constrained in a pair of long solenoids. The high current cooling electron beam needs to be generated in a magnetized electron source, and the beam’s magnetization needs to be maintained during the acceleration and transport to the cooling channel. A non-invasive real time monitoring system is highly desired to quantify electron beam magnetization. The authors propose to use a passive copper RF cavity in TE011 mode as such a monitor. In this paper, we present the mechanism and scaling law of this device, as well as the design and preliminary test results of the prototype cavity., Proceedings of the 7\textsuperscript{th} Int. Beam Instrumentation Conf., IBIC2018, Shanghai, China

An effort to develop the second prototype of the harmonic kicker for the Circulator Cooler Ring (CCR) of the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) is under way. After beam dynamics studies and completion of a conceptual RF design of the kicker [1], further progress has been made toward the final mechanical design including the input power coupler (loop) design, tuner ports, multipacting studies. Furthermore, concerning the kicker’s compatibility with beam dynamics, the impact of RF multipole components was investigated and a scheme was developed to cancel out detrimental beam effects., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Android based smartphone users’ privacy has been a hot issue recently in public concerns due to various instances of security attacks and privacy leakage on Android platform. Android existing security has been built upon a permission based mechanism which restricts critical resources accesses of third-party Android applications. This permission based security system is widely assessed for its major control of application permissions and critical management of permissions by developers, marketers, and endusers. Considering the critical management of permissions some previous research papers proposed automatic permission management tools. But those automatic tools never assessed end user’s expectation about permissions perfectly. This paper presents a tool, SDroid (Secured anDroid) that assesses the best permissions management based on end users opinion. SDroid evaluates requested permissions and allow users selectively grant permissions considering his/her knowledge level depending on the opinion.

After the first publication* of wire-stretching technique from its principle to measure the electrical center of a deflecting cavity, more refinements of this techniques including the review of its analytical and simulation results, RF circuit improvement to improve the signal to noise ratio and its application to other cavities have been developed. These applications include the electrical center measurements for the LHC RFD and DQW crabbing cavity prototypes, multi-frequency harmonic kicker cavity for JLEIC electron cooler**, TE011 cavity developed for the beam magnetization measurement***, and a separator cavity at BNL****. Further development of measurement calibration, error reduction, alignment of cavity installation to the machine beam line, and multipole field analysis for the beam dynamics will be presented., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Electron cooling at high energy is presently considered for several ion colliders, in order to achieve high luminosities by enabling a significant reduction of emittance of hadron beams. Electron beam at cooling channel in a few to tens MeV can be accelerated by a RF/SRF linac, and thus using bunched electrons to cool bunched ions. To study such cooling process, the DC electron gun of EC35 cooler was modified by pulsing the grid voltage, by which a 0.5-3.5 us of electron bunch length with a repetition frequency of less than 250 kHz was obtained. The first experiment demonstrated cooling coasting and bunched ion beam by a bunched electron beam was carried out at the storage ring CSRm at IMP. A preliminary data analysis has indicted the bunch length shrinkage and the momentum spread reduction of bunched 12C+6 ion beam. A longitudinal grouping effect of coasting ion beam by the electron bunch has also observed. In this paper, we will present the experiment result and its preliminary comparison to the simulation modeling., Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2017, Bonn, Germany

704 MHz deflecting cavity was designed for the Low Energy RHIC electron Cooling (LEReC) project. The cavity will serve as a major component in diagnostic line. In LEReC project the requirement on the energy spread of the electron beam is extremely high (better than 10⁻⁴) and the diagnostic system has to to be designed accordingly. The 704 MHz transverse deflecting cavity provides the vertical kick to the beam after it passes through the dispersion dipole so that we can measure the energy spread of the core of the bunch. Traditional way of determining the electrical center of the cavity involves the needle pulling and integration of the signal which is prone to the cumulative error. We present the measurement result from a wire stretching system that is much more efficient and accurate compared to the bead/needle pulling method. Both simulation and experimental results are shown in this paper and the potential in further application is discussed at the end., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) design relies on cooling of the ion beam with bunched electron beam. The bunched beam cooler complex consists of a high current magnetized electron source, an energy recovery linac, a circulating ring, and a pair of long solenoids where the cooling takes place. A non-invasive real time monitoring system is highly desired to quantify electron beam magnetization. The authors propose to use a passive copper RF cavity in TE011 mode as such a monitor. In this paper, we will show the mechanism and scaling law of this device, as well as the design and testing results of the prototype cavity., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

A new Injector Cryomodule (INJ CM) aimed to replace the existing Quarter Cryomodule in the CEBAF tunnel has been developed at Jefferson Lab (JLab). It is sched-uled to be first tested in the Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) for module performance then the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) with electron beam. This new cryomodule, hosting a 2-cell and 7-cell cavity, is designed to boost the electron energy from 200 keV to 5 MeV and permit 380 uA - 1.0 mA of beam current. The 2-cell cavity is a new design whereas the 7-cell cavity is refurbished from a low loss cavity from the retired JLab Renascence Cryomodule. The INJ CM adopts quite a few designs from the JLab 12 GeV Upgrade Cryomodule (C100). Examples of this include having the cold mass hung from a spaceframe structure by use of axial and transverse Nitronic rods, cavities to be tuned by scissor-jack style tuners and the end cans are actually modified from C100 style end cans. However, this new INJ CM is not a quarter of the C100 Cryomodule. This paper focuses on the major design features, fabrication and alignment process and testing of the module and its components., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China

Jefferson Lab is in the process of designing an electron ion collider with unprecedented luminosity at a 45 GeV center-of-mass energy. This luminosity relies on ion cooling in both the booster and the storage ring of the accelerator complex. The cooling in the booster will use a conventional DC cooler similar to the one at COSY. The high-energy storage ring, operating at a momentum of up to 100 GeV/nucleon, requires the novel use of bunched-beam cooling. There are two designs for such a bunched beam cooler. The first uses a conventional Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) with a magnetized beam while the second uses a circulating ring to enhance both the peak and average current experienced by the ion beam. This presentation will describe the design of both the Circulator Cooling Ring (CCR) design and that of the backup option using the stand-alone ERL operated at lower charge but higher repetition rate than the ERL injector required by the CCR-based design., Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2017, Bonn, Germany

Two Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) crab cavities are foreseen for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. Preliminary beam tests of the Double Quarter Wave (DQW) crab cavity will take place in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) in 2018. For damping of the cavity's Higher Order Modes (HOMs) the DQW has three identical on-cell, superconducting HOM couplers. The couplers are actively cooled by liquid heluim. In this paper, electromagnetic simulations of the HOMs and HOM couplers are presented. A novel approach to pre-installation spectral analysis of the HOM couplers is then presented, detailing both simulated and measured data. Measurements of the cavity HOMs at warm and in Vertical Test Facilities (VTFs) at both JLAB and CERN are detailed, comparing the measured characteristics of each mode to that of the simulated data-sets. Finally, the measured cavity data is compared with the test box measurements to see by what extent any reduction in damping can be predicted., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China