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Background. Dysphagia is a common sequelae after stroke. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a tool that has been used in the rehabilitation process to modify cortical excitability and improve dysphagia. Objective. To systematically evaluate the effect of NIBS on dysphagia after stroke and compare the effects of two different NIBS. Methods. Randomized controlled trials about the effect of NIBS on dysphagia after stroke were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBM, from inception to June 2021. The quality of the trials was assessed, and the data were extracted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. A statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 and ADDIS 1.16.8. The effect size was evaluated by using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Ultimately, 18 studies involving 738 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that NIBS could improve the dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) score (standard mean difference SMD=1.44, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.08, PtDCS P=0.48, the best probabilistic ranking of the SSA score is rTMS P=0.72>tDCS P=0.28, and the best probabilistic ranking of the PAS score is rTMS P=0.68>tDCS P=0.32. Conclusion. Existing evidence showed that NIBS could improve swallowing dysfunction and reduce the occurrence of aspiration after stroke, and that rTMS is better than tDCS. Limited by the number of included studies, more large-sample, multicenter, double-blind, high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are still needed in the future to further confirm the results of this research.

The subbottom profiling is an important means of marine engineering survey, hazardous geology study and continental shelf scientific research. The accuracy of subbottom profile data interpretation has a direct impact on the research and investigation results. Because some of profilers’ transducer and hydrophone are separately installed, when the survey area is very shallow, distortion of shallow layers will be caused if it is seen as a self-excited and self-collected single-channel seismic system. According to the principle of subbottom profiler, the distortion correction formula is deduced and analyzed, providing actual value to using C-View software to interpret such subbottom profile data more accurately. In addition, the seabed sediments sound velocity is one of the key parameters when acquiring and processing the subbottom profile data. On the basis of comparing some sound velocity forecasting empirical equations, the LU Bo’s equation was considered the most appropriate to predict the seabed sediments, sound velocity at near-shore of China. In a survey of an artificial island site, the LU Bo’s equation and the porosity data obtained from geological drilling were utilized to predict the sediments sound velocity, and the sound velocity structure profile was plotted, which was applied in processing the subbottom profile data of the artificial island investigation. The method of using porosity data to predict sediments sound velocity in processing subbottom profile data can improve the interpretation accuracy and it’s of practical significance. Published